WO2006010177A2 - Mehrteilige baugruppe aus metallischen teilen und verfahren zur herstellung derselben - Google Patents
Mehrteilige baugruppe aus metallischen teilen und verfahren zur herstellung derselben Download PDFInfo
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- WO2006010177A2 WO2006010177A2 PCT/AT2005/000265 AT2005000265W WO2006010177A2 WO 2006010177 A2 WO2006010177 A2 WO 2006010177A2 AT 2005000265 W AT2005000265 W AT 2005000265W WO 2006010177 A2 WO2006010177 A2 WO 2006010177A2
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- parts
- positioning
- assembly according
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- weld
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K33/00—Specially-profiled edge portions of workpieces for making soldering or welding connections; Filling the seams formed thereby
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/20—Bonding
- B23K26/21—Bonding by welding
- B23K26/24—Seam welding
- B23K26/242—Fillet welding, i.e. involving a weld of substantially triangular cross section joining two parts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/20—Bonding
- B23K26/21—Bonding by welding
- B23K26/24—Seam welding
- B23K26/26—Seam welding of rectilinear seams
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12347—Plural layers discontinuously bonded [e.g., spot-weld, mechanical fastener, etc.]
Definitions
- the invention relates to an assembly consisting of at least two interconnected by beam welding metallic parts, a process for their preparation and a welding system, as described in the preambles of claims 1, 2, 11, 41 and 49.
- the bead-like depression in the first half-shell is directed in the direction of the second half-shell and has a planar contact surface with which the first half-shell rests without gaps on the sheet-metal flange of the second half-shell.
- the axis of the guided along the bead-like depression laser beam is aligned perpendicular to the contact surfaces, so that the two half-shells are welded mitein ⁇ other at their metal flanges by means of a lap seam on the entire circumference of the container.
- the two half-shells must be positioned exactly in relation to each other in a plane parallel to the contact surface, since even with a slight offset one of the two half-shells in the plane can lead to the fact that the lap seam can not be produced properly.
- the joining cross section of the overlap seam depends on the seam width, so that the otherwise often exploited laser welding seams advantages of low heat influence on the parts to be welded and distortion of the parts to be welded can not be exploited and even if the bead-like
- EP 0 200 997 B1 discloses a welded connection between two metal sheet metal parts, of which a first sheet metal part forms an optically smooth outer surface and is turned over by 180 ° onto its rear surface and the second sheet metal part is placed on the edge being turned over, wherein the Sheet metal parts are welded to one another via a fillet weld at the joining butt formed between the recessed edge of the first sheet metal part and an end edge of the second sheet metal part.
- a welded connection between two sheet-metal parts is known from DE 101 39 082 A1, in which the mutually facing edge regions of both sheet metal tubes are bent by 180 ° and are arranged at a distance parallel to one another, wherein the edge regions abut each other at intervals formed in at least one of the edge regions embossings lie and the sheet metal parts in the region of these embossments are connected frontally by means of laser welding.
- DE 34 07 770 A1 and DE 101 39 082 A1 have the disadvantage that the weld seam is laid in those sections of the sheet metal parts at which an increased density of disassembly or increased hardness is present.
- Wire stent known, which is approximately tubular and has a skeleton frame with a plurality of gap-free abutting, straight sections. Two adjoining sections form a joining joint and are connected to one another via weld seams directed in opposite directions along the joint. During fusion welding, the base material of the sections is melted at the joint, whereby the sections lying against one another can only be welded together with low positioning accuracy.
- DE 102 06 887 A1 discloses a method for the laser welding of shaped sheet metal parts which are clamped free of flanges, the tension being controlled in terms of capacity and / or force as a function of the nominal / actual value comparison of the dimensions and / or surfaces of the welded sheet metal part.
- the sheet metal parts are pressed together at their welding flanges and welded together.
- the object of the invention is to provide a multi-part assembly and a method which, despite inaccurate, individual parts characterized by their high dimensional accuracy, has good Fes ⁇ activity properties and allows a weld with the highest quality, and the greater corrective action of individual parts for the assembly and a simple, inexpensive production allows the same. It is another object of the invention to provide a welding system with which a multi-part assembly can be made as simple as possible, IDE ⁇ low and with high dimensional accuracy.
- the object of the invention is achieved by the recited in the characterizing part of claim 1 solved features.
- the advantages here are that only the contact surfaces of the abutment formed on at least one of the parts must be manufactured with high precision in order to be able to produce the assembly as a whole with small dimensional inaccuracies. Due to the high accuracy of the contact surfaces creates an exact joint gap at the joint between the parts, which is also filled during beam welding, especially laser welding without filler material from the melting base material of the parts, so now the weld but also by a mechanically highly loadable fillet weld or I. -Naht (Stumpfhaht) can be formed and the strength requirements corresponding to, reliable joint connection is created.
- the gradation does not have any effect on the assembly which has a negative effect on strength, since on the one hand there is no abrupt change in cross section at the joint between the parts after welding and therefore an optimal force distribution over the joint connection is possible under mechanical load on the assembly and on the other hand the advantageous effect of material hardening in the weld seam can be exploited in order to absorb stress peaks under mechanical stress on the assembly.
- the aging phenomena caused by submicroscopic precipitates on the slip planes and thus possible cracking and subsequently resulting brittle fractures are prevented by the action of external forces. Consequently, a heat treatment following the welding, such as a recovery or annealing process, can be dispensed with, which can reduce the production time or the production costs of the assemblies. Furthermore, it is advantageous if the welding takes place outside the deformation area, since no tempering effect in the heat-affected zone of the weld results from recrystallization or recovery, caused by the welding heat.
- the reshaped portion of the part would undergo undesirable softening, causing the yield strength, hardness and tensile strength to drop and the positive effect of the previous cold forming, which would be particularly advantageous in Phynwandi ⁇ gene parts with low weight in terms of strength and stability and thus on the deformation resistance of the part, would be neutralized.
- the object of the invention is also achieved by the reproduced in the characterizing part of claim 2 features.
- the advantages here are that only the contact surfaces of the parts have to be manufactured with high precision, in order to be able to produce the assembly overall with small dimensional inaccuracies. Due to the high accuracy of the contact surfaces creates an exact joint gap at the joint between the parts, which is also filled during beam welding, especially laser welding, without filler material abschmel ⁇ zenden base material of the parts, so now the weld but also by a mechanically highly loadable fillet weld or I. -Naht can be formed and a strength requirements, reliable joint connection is created.
- the embodiment according to claim 3 is advantageous, since an exact positioning of the parts to be welded together is possible by the additional positioning surface, so that the precision of the assembly is further improved.
- the positioning surface is formed in one embodiment together with the abutment surface on an abutment and positioning projection.
- the positioning surface can be formed by a positioning projection and the abutment surface by an abutment projection, the abutment and positioning projection being arranged separately from one another.
- aging phenomena and thereby a possible cracking and subsequently resulting brittle fractures can be prevented by the action of external forces.
- the weld lies in a section of the assembly which is uncritical for the strength properties, so that even with a thermal joining no relevant structural impairments of the parts occur.
- the object of the invention is also achieved by the reproduced in the characterizing part of claim 11 features.
- the advantages are that even with larger tolerances of the contact surfaces of the parts to be welded together without Toller ⁇ tolerances Tole ⁇ be compensated and a welded joint of the highest quality, in particular with regard to the strength requirements can be produced.
- a simpler and more economical production of the parts and the welded joint is possible. It can now be welded together parts that form a joint gap due to the roughness of the contact surfaces, in which otherwise only welding with filler material would be possible.
- a joint gap in the amount between 5% and 10% of the thickness can be filled without errors with the ground material melted from the welding bar.
- separation processes can be selected for the production of the contact surfaces, which otherwise can only be used if the contact surfaces are reworked or the welding takes place with additional material. For example, a springing incurred during punching radius can be compensated.
- Another advantage is the embodiment according to claim 18, whereby a particularly simple production in one piece with the example of a piece of sheet metal cut part is possible.
- the welding residual stresses in the parts caused by the thermal action of the laser beam can be kept low in the parts and the minimal distortion occurring in the process has no effect on the dimensional accuracy of the assembly.
- the distortion in laser welding is relatively low, by optimizing the order of the welds to be made at multiple joints, the weld residual stresses in the parts can be compensated.
- the embodiment according to claim 20 proves to be advantageous since only over a small area of the surface part the contact and positioning projection has to be manufactured with high precision, while the remaining area of the surface part adjacent thereto can be manufactured with usual manufacturing accuracy.
- the cutting tools, in particular punching tools, or molding tools, in particular forging tools can be designed according to the requirements of accuracy, whereby the costs for the acquisition of such tools can be reduced.
- the embodiment according to claim 22 allows welding at any point on Füge ⁇ push.
- the welding residual stresses in the parts can be kept low and on the other hand the end sections of the welds lie in a section of the assembly which is not critical for the strength properties, whereas the initial sections of the welds in those parts of the assembly Assembly lie, through which the main stress direction.
- the meeting point can also be in that section of the assembly through which the main stress direction is running or high tensions occur.
- the object of the invention is also achieved by the reproduced in the characterizing part of claims 41 and 49 measures and features.
- the advantages are that with the clamping tool not only as known from the prior art, the corresponding part is fixed, but also serves with shape deviations of this part as a form or Richttechnik ⁇ stuff. This allows the number of handling operations for the manufacture of be reduced to a minimum. If a shape deviation is detected on one or both of the parts to be welded together, the defective shape of this part is corrected via the already present clamping tool and only then welded to the second part. Since inaccuracies in the forming and / or forming steps inferior part have no effect on the overall accuracy of the assembly, the demands on the manufacturing accuracy of both the formed and the other part can be reduced. Thus dimensionally stable assemblies are made of inaccurate ein ⁇ individual parts that significantly improve their further processing.
- the measure according to claim 48 is advantageous because the part is deformed within its elastic limit and thereby welding residual stresses in the part can be reduced or eliminated.
- FIG. 1 shows an assembly according to the invention, cut in accordance with the lines I-I in Figure 2, in a greatly simplified representation ..;
- Fig. 2 shows the assembly of Figure 1 in top view.
- FIG. 3 shows a further embodiment of the assembly according to the invention, cut in end view and greatly simplified representation; 4 shows another embodiment of the assembly according to the invention in front view and greatly simplified representation;
- FIG. 5 shows a partial section of the assembly of Figure 4 in side view.
- FIG. 6 shows the assembly according to FIG. 4 in a view from below;
- FIG. 7 shows a partial section of the assembly, cut along the lines VII-VII in FIG. 4;
- FIG. 8 shows a further embodiment variant of the assembly according to the invention in front view and greatly simplified representation
- FIG. 9 shows the assembly according to FIG. 8 in a view from below;
- FIG. 10 shows a partial section of the assembly of Figure 8 in side view.
- FIG. 12 shows a partial section of the assembly according to FIG. 11, in a side view and in a greatly simplified representation
- FIG. 13 shows a further embodiment variant of the assembly according to the invention, partly in section and in a greatly simplified representation
- FIG. 14 is a side view of the assembly of FIG. 13; FIG.
- FIG. 16 shows the assembly according to FIG. 15 in plan view
- Fig. 17 shows a detail of the assembly according to the invention with a first embodiment of a welded joint, in plan view
- 19 is a plan view of a detail of the assembly according to the invention with a further embodiment for a welded connection;
- FIG. 21 is a detail of the assembly according to the invention in a further variant, cut in side view and simplified representation
- FIG. 22 shows a first embodiment of a welded connection on the component to be produced, before the welding of the two parts, in plan view and in a greatly simplified illustration
- FIG. 23 shows the welded connection according to FIG. 22, after the welding of the parts to the assembly according to the invention, in plan view and simplified illustration;
- FIG. 24 shows a second embodiment of a welded connection on the component to be produced, before the welding of the two parts, and in a greatly simplified representation
- FIG. 25 shows the welded connection according to FIG. 24, in plan view and in a simplified representation
- FIG. 26 shows the welded connection according to FIG. 24, after the welding of the parts to the assembly according to the invention, in plan view and simplified representation;
- FIG. 27 shows a third embodiment of a welded connection on the component to be produced, before the welding of the abutting parts, cut and in a greatly simplified representation
- Fig. 28 is a plan view of two parts welded together;
- 29 shows a fourth embodiment of a welded joint on the component to be produced, before the parts are welded, in plan view and in a greatly simplified illustration
- FIG. 30 shows the welded connection according to FIG. 29, after the welding of the parts to the assembly according to the invention, in plan view and simplified illustration;
- Fig. 31 is a part in faulty form (full lines) and in corrected form (dashed
- FIG. 32 shows a welding system according to the invention for the production of the assembly according to the invention, in view and greatly simplified representation.
- FIGS. 1 to 3 a first embodiment of the inventive assembly 1 is shown in different views.
- the assembly 1 be ⁇ stands according to this embodiment of two parts 2, 3, in particular sheet steel parts.
- the first part 2 is made of a cut to size, preferably stamped and subsequently sourced in cross section in a U-shape, preferably bent piece of sheet metal her- posed.
- the second part 3 is also made of a custom-tailored, preferably stamped, flat piece of sheet metal.
- the two parts 2, 3 are thus produced by pure, span ⁇ loose shaping and deformation.
- the second part 3 is provided with meh ⁇ reren, spaced-apart abutment and positioning projections 6 at its in the direction of a longitudinal axis parallel extending, facing away from each other, lateral surface portions 5 hen.
- These abutment and positioning projections 6 protrude against the surface parts 5 and form at their free ends in each case a planar contact surface 7 and at least one, preferably two positioning surfaces 8 arranged on both sides of the contact surface 7.
- the abutment and positioning surfaces 7, 8 of each abutment and positioning projection 6 adjoin one another directly and extend in a plane parallel to the surface parts 5.
- abutment and positioning surfaces 7, 8 of all abutment and positioning projections 6 extend each side of the second part 3 within a plane.
- the abutment and positioning protrusions 6, which according to this embodiment are symmetrical with respect to the longitudinal axis, are made in one piece with the one-piece sheet metal piece cut to size, preferably by pure non-cutting shaping.
- a height 9 of the investment and positioning projection 6 is approximately between 0.1 mm and 2.0 mm or 5% and 50% of the thickness or sheet thickness of the second part 3. In practice, have 0.1 mm, especially in terms of material savings proved favorable.
- the first and / or second part 3 is designed with a thickness or sheet thickness between 1.0 mm and 4 mm, in particular between 1.5 mm and 3 mm, for example 2 mm.
- a length 10 of the abutment and positioning projection 6 is preferably between 6 mm and 70 mm. In practice it has been found that the length 10 but should have at least twice the thickness or sheet thickness of the second part 3.
- the width of the investment and positioning niervorsprunges 6 corresponds to the thickness or sheet thickness of the second part.
- the first part 2 has a base 11 and two legs 12 projecting perpendicularly to it.
- the legs 12 of the first part 2 form at their mutually facing, planarêtn ⁇ share 13 each contact surfaces 14 and at least one, preferably two arranged on both sides of the contact surfaces 14 positioning surfaces 15 from.
- the surface portion 13, the investment and positioning surfaces 14, 15 parallel to each other and within a plane.
- the second part 3 is arranged between the legs 12 of the first part 2, so that the abutment and positioning surfaces 7, 8, 14, 15 of the first and second parts 2, 3 are directed towards each other and run plane-parallel.
- the planar contact and positioning surfaces 7, 8, 14, 15 run parallel to one another and parallel to the respective surface parts 5, 13.
- Welding takes place without contact, by beam welding, in particular laser or electron beam welding, ie by low-energy welding processes, which enable a so-called "deep welding” and are characterized in that very slim seam geometries are achieved with a large depth-width ratio and Moreover, the thermal load on the parts 2, 3 to be welded together can be kept very low, so that also a delay of the parts 2, 3 is minimal the assembly 1 according to the invention, is mainly laser welding, in particular with a solid-state laser, beispiels ⁇ example Nd: YAG laser used, which allows above all a high flexibility of the welding system.
- the two parts 2, 3 are connected to one another exclusively by means of the weld seams 17 which are made of the base material (material) of the base material (material) which is melted by the welding beam at the joint 16 or on the contact surfaces 7, 14. This is after the parts 2, 3 positioned and fixed to each other were performed, the welding beam along the joint 16.
- the enormous energy density (about 10 6 W / cm 2 ) of the welding beam, in particular the laser beam, in focus, causes the base material (material) to melt. While base material is melted in the direction of advance of the welding jet, behind it flows the melt of the two parts 2, 3 into one another. The melted and mixed material cools and the melt solidifies to a narrow weld seam 17.
- the depth of weld depth is at least 0.3 times to 0.5 times the thickness or sheet thickness during "deep shearing.” If an I seam is produced, The weld depth corresponds essentially to the simple thickness or sheet thickness, and the two parts 2, 3 are preferably firmly connected to one another exclusively by the base material without additional material.
- each weld 17 is formed at the respective joint 16 as a fillet weld and along the respective joint 16, wherein the weld 17 extends exclusively over the entire length of the respective joint 16.
- the length of the welded seam 17 or of the joint 16 formed as a line seam is between 4 mm and 30 mm, while the length of the mutually associated cooperating positioning surfaces 8, 15 is between 1 mm and 20 mm. This ensures that during the entire welding process, the two parts 2, 3 pressed against one another with a biasing force on the contact surfaces 7, 14 remain aligned with each other over their aligned positioning surfaces 8, 15 and not against each other due to the melt pool produced at welding be offset.
- Außer ⁇ is advantageous if the assembly 1 as few, but longer welds 17 are provided, whereby the production of the assembly 1 is easier.
- the two parts 2, 3 are positioned relative to each other such that the second part 3 with the first part 2 only in those sections of the first part 2 joins 16 forms, in which a Dislocation density of the base material is less than the dislocation density in the first part 2 produced by cold forming deformation regions 18, therefore, the welding is done in the area outside the bending edges between the base 11 and the legs 12. This avoids a structural change in the deformation regions 18 and by Cold forming achieved advantageous strength increase in the deformation ranges
- the increase in strength results from a higher degree of deformation in the deformation regions 18, which, after being welded outside the deformation regions 18 or deformation regions, can be optimized in accordance with the strength requirements for the assembly 1. It is now quite possible to choose the degree of deformation between about 15% and 40%, in particular about 25%. A heat treatment after welding can be omitted. A hardness of deformation region 18 adjacent to the base material is about 25% to 50% higher than that of the base material. The tensile strength correlates approximately equally with the hardness. The hardness test takes place, for example, according to Vickers (DIN 50 133).
- Subassemblies 1 often have to fulfill functional requirements on outer surface parts 30, 32 (as can be seen in FIG. 4). For example, they slide on other subassemblies 1 or there are optical requirements on the outer surface parts 30, 32, which would be impaired by welding seams 17. The welds 17 must not project beyond these surface portions 30, 32. Since even when welding a beam, although very narrow, weld 17 is formed, a solution must be found that this is set back from the surface parts 30, 32 and thus does not bother. This is achieved by the offset 19, 19 ', 40, 40' of the parts 1 to 4, 34 described below.
- This offset 19 is arranged offset in the direction of a plane parallel to the bearing surfaces 7, 14 against each other, so that the means of the contact surfaces 7, 14 abutting parts 2, 3 form a gradation at least at the respective joints 16.
- the angle between the contact surface 7, 14 and the surface part 20, 21 measured in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the parts 2, 3 is approximately 90 °.
- This offset 19 is between 5% and 50% of the maximum thickness or sheet thickness of a part 2, 3, ie between 0.1 mm and 2.0 mm.
- the offset 19 corresponds to an edge offset between an edge of the first part 2 formed by the adjoining surface parts 13, 20 and an edge of the second part 3 formed by the adjoining surface parts 5, 21.
- the second part 3 in the direction perpendicular to the surface part 21 direction to the side of the first part 3 inwardly and according to Fig. 3 on the opposite side of the first part 3 to the outside.
- the offset 19 is necessary at least at those portions of the assembly 1, where the abutting parts 2, 3 form the joints 16. It is essential that the joint joints 16 are always formed away from an outer contour of one of the two parts 2, 3 and set back from this.
- FIGS. 4 to 7 a second embodiment of the assembly 1 according to the invention is shown in different views.
- the assembly 1 be ⁇ stands according to this embodiment of three parts 2, 3, A, in particular sheet metal parts made of steel.
- the first part 2 is made of a cut to size, preferably stamped and subsequently machined in cross section in a U-shape, preferably bent piece of sheet metal.
- the second and third part 3, 4 are identical and each made of a custom-tailored, preferably stamped sheet metal piece, wherein a bearing eye 24 is formed on each of these.
- the bearing eye 24 forming, circular fürgangsöff ⁇ tion punched.
- the bearing eye 24 can be formed by a formed on the flat piece of sheet metal for the second and third part 3, 4, for example, by deep drawing or stretching sleeve as well.
- the bearing eye 24 of the second and third parts 3, 4 may also have an outer or inner ring of a bearing form.
- the second and third part 3, 4 then each form a flat support plate and the sleeve.
- the three parts 2 to 4 are thus produced by pure, chipless shaping and deformation.
- the second and third parts 3, 4 are provided at front ends of the first part 2 and are connected to the latter by welds to be described in greater detail.
- the bearing lugs 24 of the second and third parts 3, 4 are arranged coaxially with one another and form their axes 26 a common axis.
- the axes 26 are aligned perpendicular to surface parts 27, 28. If the bearing lugs 24 are each formed by the above-described, deep-drawn or ironed sleeve, their front ends projecting from the flat support plate are directed away from one another.
- the first part 2 has in the direction of its longitudinal extent in cross-section a U-shape, the base 11 and perpendicular to her projecting legs 12.
- the profile-like, second part 2 forms on the front ends facing away from each other surface areas 27, which lie in a senk ⁇ right to the longitudinal direction of the part 2 extending plane and on each of which several investment and positioning projections 6 are provided.
- two abutment and positioning projections 6 are respectively arranged on the front-side surface portions 27 on the base 11 and two abutment and positioning projections 6 respectively on the front-side surface portions 27 of each leg 12 of the first part 2.
- the abutment and positioning projections 6 on the base 11 and the legs 12 are spaced apart from each other and protrude on the surface parts 27 and form at their free ends a flat 6.3fiambae 7 and at least one, preferably two on both sides of Contact surface 7 adjacent positioning 8 from.
- the investment and positioning surfaces 7, 8 of each investment and positioning projection 6 extend in a plane parallel to the surface parts 27. Likewise, the investment and positioning 7, 8 of all investment and positioning projections 6 extend at both ends of the first part 2 within a Level.
- the investment and positioning projections 6 are integrally formed with the piece of sheet metal for the first part 2, preferably by pure non-cutting shaping.
- the second and third parts 3, 4 are each provided with bearing and positioning surfaces 14, 15 on their surface parts 28 facing the surface parts 27. According to this embodiment, the surface portion 28 and the investment and positioning surfaces 14, 15 within a plane arranged and parallel to the investment and positioning surfaces 7, 8 of the first part. 2
- the substantially gap-free abutting contact surfaces 7, 14 of the parts 2 to 4 each form a joint 16, along which a welding beam, not shown, ins ⁇ particular laser beam is guided so that a weld 17 is formed, which is an I-seam (Fig 7) is formed and extends substantially over the entire length of the respective Füge ⁇ push 16.
- the parts 2, 3, 4 are in turn positioned relative to one another such that the joining joints 16 are formed in those sections of the first part 2 in which a dislocation density of the base material is less than the dislocation density in the first part , deformation zones 18 produced by cold forming on the first part 2 or bending edges between the base 11 and legs 12 shown only schematically.
- the surface parts 29, 30, 31, 32 of the parts 3, 4 which are at an angle to the abutment surfaces 7, 14 and substantially parallel to one another are an offset 19, 19 'in the direction a plane parallel to the contact surfaces 7, 14 arranged offset against each other, so that by means of the contact surfaces 7, 14 abutting parts 2, 3, 4 form a gradation at the respective joints 16.
- the angle enclosed between the contact surface 7 and the surface part 30, 32 by the first part 2 is preferably about 90 °.
- the angle between the contact surface 14 and the surface portion 29, 31 of the second and third part 3, 4 is preferably about 90 °.
- This offset 19, 19 ' is, as already described above with advantage, between 5% and 50% of the maximum thickness or sheet thickness of a part 2, 3, ie between 0.1 mm and 2.0 mm. It is essential that the limited by the contact surfaces 7, 14 joints 16 are always removed from an outer contour of one of the parts 2, 3 and 4 formed and set back according to the illustrated embodiment with respect to the outer contour of the profile-like, first part 2.
- the horizontal offset 19 corresponds to an edge offset between an edge area of the second or third part 3, 4 delimited by adjoining surface parts 29, 33 and an edge of the first part 2 bounded by adjacent surface parts 27, 30 and the vertical offset 19 'corresponds to one Edge offset between a by anein- other adjacent surface portions 31, 33 limited edge of the second or third part 3, 4 and a bordered by adjacent surface portions 27, 32 edge.
- the face-side surface part 33 of the second or third part 3, 4 facing away from the front end of the first part 2 runs parallel to the surface parts 27 of the first part 2.
- the assembly 1 according to the invention is shown in another variant embodiment and different views.
- the assembly 1 be ⁇ stands after this execution of three parts 2, 3, 4, in particular sheet metal parts and, where appropriate, a fourth part 34, in particular sheet steel part.
- the first part 2 is made of a sheet metal piece cut to size, preferably stamped and subsequently shaped in cross-section into a trapezoidal shape.
- the sau ⁇ te and third part 3, 4 are each formed by a sleeve with a circular in cross-section to its longitudinal extension plane cross-section.
- Each of the sleeves forms a bearing eye 24 and is seamless.
- the fourth part 34 is provided, which is made of a custom-tailored, preferably punched, fla ⁇ Chen sheet metal piece.
- the sleeve-shaped parts 3, 4 are provided at the front ends of the first part 2, while the fourth part 34 is arranged between legs 12 which rise up against the base 11 of the first part 2.
- the profile-like, first part 2 and the sleeve-shaped parts 3, 4 are provided at their mutually facing surface portions 27, 28 with successive directed conditioning and positioning surfaces 7, 14, 8, 15.
- the abutment and positioning surfaces 7, 8 of the first part 2 are formed by bearing and positioning projections 6, which are disposed on its front side surface portions 27 facing away from each other and formed on them. Registered as in Fig.
- only one investment and positioning projection 6 are arranged on the front-side surface portions 27 of the first part 2 on the base 11 and the legs 12, wherein the surface portions 27 each extending in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the first part 2 Level are arranged.
- the abutment and positioning surfaces 7, 8 of each abutment and positioning protrusion 6 extend in a plane parallel to the surface portions 27.
- the abutment and positioning projections 6 are integral with the piece of sheet metal for the first part 2, preferably by a pure non-cutting Shaping made.
- the front and surface parts 27 of the first part 2 facing investment and Posi- tionier vom 14, 15 of the sleeve-shaped part 3, 4 extend parallel in a plane with the surface portion 28 and parallel to the contact and positioning surfaces 7, 8 of the first part. 2
- the strip-shaped, planar, fourth part 34 is provided with a plurality of spaced-apart abutment and positioning projections 6 on its lateral surface parts 5 (not shown) running parallel to one another, parallel to one another in the direction of the longitudinal axis, like this has already been described in detail in FIGS. 1 to 3, which with their contact surfaces 7 and the contact surfaces 14 on the first part 2 limit the joints 16 at which the first part 2 is welded to the fourth part 34.
- the fourth part 34 is provided with abutment and positioning surfaces 7, 8 at its, front-side surface parts 35 facing away from one another.
- These front-side investment and Posi ⁇ tionier vom 7, 8 are each formed by a, on the surface portions 35 projecting investment and positioning projection 6.
- the bearing and positioning projections 6 facing away from each other are integral with the sheet metal piece for the fourth part 34, preferably produced by pure non-cutting shaping.
- the end-side bearing and positioning surfaces 7, 8 of the fourth part 34 opposite, abutment and positioning surfaces 14, 15 are formed on the second and third part 3, 4, which extend in a plane with the surface part 28.
- the front-side surface part 28 of the second or third part 3, 4 runs parallel to the surface parts 27 of the first part. 2
- the mutually associated, gap-free abutting contact surfaces 7, 14 of the parts 2, 3, 4, (34) each form a joint 16 along which a substantially entire ge entire length of a weld 17 is placed. These welds 17 are all formed by a fillet weld in the embodiment shown. Because the weld seams 17 are each formed only over the length of the joint 16, the two parts 2, 3, 4, (34) which are to be welded together are exactly aligned with one another via the positioning surfaces 8, 15 facing each other, even during the Parts 2, 3, 4, (34) are welded together.
- the parts 2, 3, 4, (34) are positioned relative to one another in such a way that the second, third and possibly fourth part 3, 4, (34) forms joint bumps 16 with the first part 2 only in those of its sections, where the dislocation density in the microstructure is less than the dislocation Density in the deformation parts 18 produced on the first part 2 by cold forming. Since the weld seams 17 are now arranged outside the deformation regions 18 or bending edges, a change in the good strength properties created by the cold forming is avoided, as described above.
- the sleeve-shaped part 3, 4 forms on its outer peripheral surface of the surface part 36, which includes a right angle together with the contact surface 14.
- the roughly trapezoidal, first part 2 forms adjacent to the outer peripheral surface of the part 3, 4 adjacent Flä ⁇ chenmaschine 20, 37, 38, 39, each including with the respective contact surface 7 a right angle.
- the surface parts 21, 36, 37, 39 of the parts 2, 3, 4, 34 facing on the same side are offset by an offset 40, 40 'in the direction of a plane parallel to the contact surfaces 7, 14 arranged offset from each other, so that the mitein ⁇ other parts to be welded 2, 3, 4, 34 at least on the formed by the gap-free abutting contact surfaces 7, 14 of the parts 2, 3, 4, 34 formed each joining a gradation.
- the surface portions 20, 21 of the parts 2, 34 are offset by the offset 19 in the direction of a plane parallel to the abutment surfaces 7, 14 offset from each other, as already described in detail above. It is essential that the joining joints 16 are always formed away from an outer contour of one of the parts 2, 3, 4, 34 to be welded and are set back from this.
- the horizontal offset 40 corresponds to a normal distance between a bordered by ein ⁇ other surface parts 27, 37 edge of the first part 2 and applied to the outer peripheral surface of the sleeve, parallel to the vertical axis of gravity 41 of the pro ⁇ filartigen part 2 extending tangent.
- the vertical offset 40 'corresponds to the normal distance between an edge of the first and fourth parts 2, 34 bordered by adjacent surface parts 27, 39, 21, 35 and a parallel to the horizontal axis of gravity 42 of the sleeve applied to the outer peripheral surface of the sleeve profile-like part 2 verlau ⁇ fenden tangent.
- an inner diameter of the sleeve is smaller than the width of the U-shaped part 2 and slightly larger than the clear width between the legs 12 of the first part 2.
- Each sleeve is limited to the front side on the first part. 2 provided conditioning and / or positioning 7, 8 circular sections, the support surfaces 43 form against the one only in Fig. 9 in dashed lines registered bearing 44, in particular Wälz- or Gleitla ⁇ ger, is positioned.
- a shaft not shown, in particular a steering shaft of a motor vehicle, rotatably mounted on the assembly 1.
- the assembly 1 according to the invention is designed according to this embodiment as a storage box or steering housing for surrounding the steering shaft and is characterized mainly by its high rigidity, the simple and accurate storage of the shaft and the economic production of the same.
- 11 and 12 differs from that of FIGS. 8 to 10 only in that the first part 2, in particular sheet metal part in cross section is U-shaped and the sleeve-shaped part. 3 , 4 has an outer diameter which is greater than the width of the U-shaped part 2, while the inner diameter of the sleeve-shaped sheet metal section 3, 4 is slightly larger than the clear width between the legs 12 of the first part 2, so that each sleeve on the front side limited to the first part 2 investment and / or positioning 7, 8 limited circle sections.
- the weld seams 17, which are arranged at the respective, by the zuge ⁇ arranged, cooperating contact surfaces 7, 14 of the parts to be welded together parts 2, 3, 4 limited joints 16 are as fillet welds between the vertical aligned surface portions 28, 37, 39 of the first, second and third parts 2, 3, 4 are formed.
- the sleeve-shaped part 3, 4 forms on its outer peripheral surface the surface part 36, which forms a right angle together with the contact surface 14.
- the surface parts 36, 37, 39 of the parts 2, 3, 4 pointing to the same side are offset by the offset 40, 40 'in the direction of a plane parallel to the contact surfaces 7, 14, so that the Parts to be welded together 2, 3, 4 at least at the, by the gap-free abutting contact surfaces 7, 14 of the parts 2, 3, 4 formed joining joints 16 each have a gradation ausbil ⁇ .
- the sleeves are then welded together after positioning relative to the first part 2 on the, the front end of the first part 2 facing the back of the joints 16.
- the assembly 1 consists of this embodiment of four parts 2, 3, 4 (not shown in this figure) 34, in particular sheet steel parts.
- the first and fourth part 2, 34 and sheet metal part are produced by pure non-cutting shaping and deformation. For this purpose, longitudinal ridges running parallel to each other are first formed on a sheet metal piece cut to size, preferably punched, along its longitudinal extent. Thereafter, the piece of sheet metal is formed into the U-shape to the first part 2.
- the second and third parts 3, 4 are identical and each made of a cut to size, preferably punched piece of sheet metal, on which the bearing eyes 24 are punched out.
- the parts 3, 4 are made by pure non-cutting shaping.
- the fourth part 34 is also made of a tailor-made, preferably punched, flat piece of sheet metal, on which an extending in the longitudinal direction of longitudinal grooves is formed, which is formed from the flat piece of sheet metal.
- the U-shaped, first part 2 or sheet metal part is provided on its legs 12 and the connecting base 11 each with an investment and positioning projection 6, which is formed by the longitudinal grooves.
- These abutment and positioning projections 6 protrude against the surface parts 37, 39 formed on the outside of the first part 2 and form at their free ends in each case a planar contact surface 7 and at least one, preferably two, positioning surfaces 8.
- the abutment and positioning surfaces 6, 7 of each abutment and positioning projection 6 extend in a plane parallel to the surface parts 37, 39.
- the second and third part 3 or sheet metal part are viewed in front view, approximately rechteckför- mig or square and provided at the front ends of the first part 2 and connected via welds to be described in more detail with this.
- Each of these parts 3, 4 forms on its outer circumferential surface two mutually parallel surface portions 29 and two surface portions 31 extending at right angles thereto.
- These surface parts 29, 31 form the abutment and positioning surfaces 14, 15 and extend therewith in a plane as well as parallel to the abutment and positioning surfaces 7, 8.
- the surface part 33 facing away from the first part 2 closes the parts 3, 4 flush with the front-side surface portion 27 of the first part 2.
- the fourth part 34 or sheet metal part also has a bearing and positioning projection 6, which is formed by the longitudinal grooves and has a contact surface 7 and at least one, preferably two on both sides provided for this positioning 8. End-side surface portions 45 of the fourth part 34 are flush with the surface portions 27 of the first part 2.
- the described conditioning and positioning projections 6 of the parts 2, 34 are arranged Jerusalemeinan ⁇ the.
- the substantially gap-free abutting contact surfaces 7, 14 of the parts 2, 3, 4, 34 each form a joint 16, along which a welding beam, not shown ge leads, so that a weld 17 is formed, which is formed as an I-seam and extends substantially over the entire length of the respective joint 16, which is delimited by the abutting abutment surfaces 7, 14.
- the fourth part 34 is welded on the one hand to the second and third parts 3, 4 and on the other hand to the legs 12 of the first part 2.
- the fourth part 34 is welded on the one hand to the second and third parts 3, 4 and on the other hand to the legs 12 of the first part 2.
- Each abutment and positioning projection 6 in turn has the contact surface 7 as well as the positioning surfaces 8 formed on both sides thereof.
- the fourth part 34 is provided on the, the legs 12 facing surface portion 48 with the investment and positioning projections 6 zu ⁇ ordered investment and positioning surfaces 14, 15.
- the abutment surfaces 7, 14 of the parts 2, 34 which abut one another substantially without gaps, each form a joint 16 along which the weld 17 is formed.
- the weld 17 at the joints 16 is formed by a fillet weld or I-seam.
- the surface parts 49 running away in the direction of the longitudinal axis and the surface parts 37 of the first part 2 facing away from one another are offset by an offset 19 in the direction of a plane parallel to the abutment surfaces 7, 14, so that the abutment surfaces 7, 14 14 abutting parts 2, 34 form a gradation in the respective joints 16.
- the surface parts 37, 39, 29, 31, 46 of the parts 2, 3, 4, 34 running parallel to the abutment surfaces 7, 14 are in the direction of a horizontal and vertical offset 19, 19 ' a plane parallel to the abutment surfaces 7, 14 is arranged opposite one another, so that the parts 2, 3, 4, 34 abutting one another by means of the abutment surfaces 7, 14 form a gradation in the respective joining abutments 16.
- the joining joints 16 are arranged outside the deformation regions 18 produced by cold forming, therefore the bending edges, so that the weld seams 17 are arranged in those sections of the formed part 2 in which a dislocation density of the base material is less than the dislocation density in the deformation regions 18.
- the beginning and end portions of the welds 17 are each at least twice the thickness or sheet thickness away from the respective deformation region 18.
- the positioning surfaces 8, 15, in contrast to the contact surfaces 7, 14 adjoin the deformation regions 18 or even by these are formed in areas.
- FIGS. 15 and 16 a further embodiment of the assembly 1 according to the invention is shown in different views.
- the two parts 2, 3, in particular sheet metal parts are each made of a cut to size, preferably punched sheet metal piece and are formed on the facing surface portions 50, 51 extending with these in a plane bearing and positioning surfaces 7, 14, 8, 15 ,
- the contiguous butt joint parts 2, 3 form the, by the substantially gap-free abutting contact surfaces 7, 14 of the parts 2, 3 limited joint 16 along which, for example, two produced in opposite directions welding welds 17, 17 'are produced.
- only one weld seam 17 can be provided which extends continuously over the entire length of the joining joint 16.
- the two weld seams 17, 17 ' are directed towards each other and in the direction of a common meeting point, with adjacent end sections of the weld seams 17, 17' overlapping one another at the common meeting point or terminating at the common meeting point.
- the meeting point is in a low-tension or uncritical for the Festig ⁇ properties range of the assembly 1.
- the first part 2 forms a flat surface part 52, which forms a right angle with the abutment and positioning surfaces 7, 8, and the second part 3 of a surface part 53, which with the investment and positioning 14, 15 encloses a right angle.
- the surface parts 52, 53 of the parts 2, 3 are offset relative to one another by the offset 19 in the direction of a plane parallel to the abutment surfaces 7, 14, so that the parts 2, 3 abutting one another by means of the abutment surfaces 7, 14 have a gradation at the joint 16 form.
- Fig. 17 shows a development of the investment and positioning surfaces 7, 14, 8, 15 of two parts to be welded together 2, 3, in particular sheet metal parts.
- One of the parts 2 is provided with two abutment and positioning projections 6, while the other part 3 has abutment and positioning surfaces 8, 15 which run in the plane with the flat part 51 facing the part 2.
- the separate investment and positioning projections 6 protrude on the surface part 50 and form only one contact surface 7 and a positioning surface 8 adjacent thereto.
- their investment and positioning surfaces 7, 14, 8, 15 are opposite and form the 6.3fiumbleen 7, 14, the joints 16, which are arranged adjacent.
- the two parts 2,3 are, as shown, arranged in one plane or in two parallel planes, but may as well be arranged in two planes which enclose a right angle.
- first part 2 forms at its second part 3 facing surface part of the investment and positioning surfaces 8, 15 (not registered) from.
- the investment and positioning surfaces 7, 8, 14, 15 of the parts 2, 3 are in each case with the flat surface part in a plane.
- Each weld 17 extends over the length of the joint 16 outside the deformation region 18 and is formed as an I-seam. This embodiment has the advantage that the weld seam 17 does not protrude beyond the surface part 53 and therefore the surface part 53 can be used as a functional surface without hindrance.
- FIG. 19 shows a variant of the welded connection between two parts 2, 3, in particular sheet metal parts, in which the facing surface parts 50, 51 each have one or, as shown in this figure, two successive abutting and positioning projections 6 are provided.
- the abutment and positioning projections 6 protrude at the surface len 50, 51 of the first and second parts 2, 3 before.
- Each of these abutment and positioning projections 6 has the not further registered investment and positioning surfaces 7, 14, 8, 15.
- the parts 2, 3 abutting one another with the abutment surfaces 7, 14 in turn form the graduations on each joint 16 already described above in many embodiments, or extend in one plane.
- FIGS. 20 and 21 a partial section of the assembly 1 according to the invention is shown.
- the parts 2, 3 to be welded, in particular sheet metal parts are arranged in two parallel planes
- the two parts 2, 3 to be welded, in particular sheet metal parts are arranged in two planes and an angle of preferably 90 ° ° include.
- the Anla ⁇ ge Chemistry 7, 14 (not visible in these figures) and positioning surface 8, 15 of the first and second parts 2, 3 form an angle of 90 °.
- the contact surfaces 7, 14 abutting one another without a gap define the joint 16 along which the weld seam 17 is attached.
- the parts 2, 3 form the surface parts 52, 53, which form an angle of 90 ° with the contact surfaces 7, 14 and run parallel to the positioning surfaces 8, 15.
- the surface portions 52, 53 are in turn offset by the offset 19 in the plane parallel to the bearing surfaces 7, 14, so that the parts 2, 3 form a gradation at the joint 16.
- FIGS. 22 to 27 show further embodiments of the welded connection for an assembly 1, which optionally form an independent invention.
- Positioning projection 6 provided, which surfaces in a plane bearing and positioning surfaces 7, 8 is formed.
- the parts 2, 3 are arranged either offset in one plane or in a direction perpendicular to theinstitun ⁇ 52, 53 direction offset by an offset from each other, so that between the parts at least at the joint 16 a gradation, as described above, is formed.
- At least one of the parts 2 to be welded is provided on the upper side in the region of the edge adjacent to the opposing parts 3 with a welding beam, in particular special laser or electron beam, fusible welding bar 54 provided, as shown in Fig. 22, 24, 25 in the state before welding.
- this burr-like welding bar 54 extends above the contact surface 7 over a length which corresponds to the entire length of the joining joint 16 along which the welding seam 17 is formed, as shown in FIG.
- the edge is formed by the surface of an adjacent side 52 of the welding beam and the angularly extending to this bearing surface 7, wherein an angle enclosed between these is preferably 90 °.
- the welding bar 54 has an approximately between 5% and 50% of the maximum thickness or sheet thickness of the first part 2 corresponding height 55 and width 55 'and extends beyond the investment and / or positioning onierier circuit 7, 8. As low has a Height 55 and width 55 'between 0.2 mm and 1.5 mm proved.
- the minimum length corresponds to at least twice the sheet thickness of the first part 2.
- FIGS. 24 to 26 show an embodiment in which the contact surfaces 7, 14 are formed by the mutually facing, front-side surface parts 50, 51 of the opposite parts 2, 3, in particular sheet metal parts.
- the burr-like welding bar 54 extends according to this embodiment above the contact surface 7 over a length corresponding to the entire length of the edge or from the joint 16, along which the weld 17 is formed. It is essential that the welding bar 54 is arranged so that the bearing surfaces 7, 14 of the parts 2, 3 can in any case butt or abut each other substantially gap-free.
- a surface of the weld 17 extends approximately in the plane of the surface parts 52, 53.
- the welding bar 54 is integrally formed on the first part 2. If the first part 2 is designed, for example, as a stamped part, the welding web 54 can be formed by a stamping burr arising during the production process.
- FIG. 27 Another advantage is an embodiment shown in Fig. 27, in which the to be welded Parts 2, 3 are arranged in two planes and enclose an angle of preferably 90 °, wherein the outer, parallel surface parts 51, 52 are arranged offset from one another by the offset 19, so that at least at the joint 16 between the parts 2, 3 a gradation, as described above, is formed.
- the surface parts 51, 52 each include a right angle with the planar contact surface 7, 14. After the melting of the welding web 54, an optimal rounding of the weld seam (not shown) results between the surface parts 51, 52.
- the laser beam 16 partial areas of the base material of the first and / or second part 2, 3 and the welding bar 54 are completely during the welding process at the joint melted.
- the welding bar 54 thus forms part of the weld seam 17 to be produced or even completely the weld seam 17 to be produced.
- the weld seam 17 is formed exclusively by the melted base material of the parts 2, 3 to be welded and melted base material from the welding bar 54.
- the one-piece installation and positioning projection 6 is not to be regarded as limiting.
- the investment and positioning projection 6 is formed in several parts and the abutment projection 6 and positioning projection 6 'are formed separately from each other, as shown in Fig. 28.
- the abutment projection 6 forms exclusively the contact surface 7 and the positioning projection 6 'exclusively the positioning surface 14.
- the investment and positioning projections 6, 6 'each have a length 10 between 6 mm and 70 mm. In practice, it has been found that the length 10 but at least twice the thickness or Blech ⁇ thickness of the second part 3 should have.
- the second part 3 has in the direction of its longitudinal axis a plurality of spaced-apart abutment projections 6 and positioning projections 6 'which are arranged on the surface parts 5 running parallel to the longitudinal axis.
- the huivor ⁇ jumps 6 form the contact surfaces 7 and the positioning projections 6 'from the positioning 8.
- the first part 2 shows the projections 6 and positioning projections 6 'assigned investment and positioning surfaces 14, 15, wherein the abutting contact surfaces 14 of this part 2 with the contact surfaces 7 of the other part 2, the joints 16 at which the welds 17 are arranged form and Positioning surfaces 8, 15 of the parts 2, 3 also abut each other.
- the investment and positioning surfaces 7, 8 extend in a plane parallel to each other and parallel to the surface parts. 5
- Figs. 29 and 30 a portion of the parts 2, 3, (4), (34) and assembly 1 to be welded together are shown.
- the parts 2, 3, (4), (34) to be welded together have on their sides facing each other exclusively at least one contact surface 7, 14.
- At least one of the parts 2 comprises exclusively a projection projecting on the surface part 50 6, which forms the contact surface 7.
- the contact surface 7 opposite, parallel contact surface 14 extends in the plane with the surface portion 51.
- the abutting contact surfaces 7, 14 form the joint 16.
- the weld 17 is as an I-seam or fillet weld and substantially over the entire length of the joint 16th formed throughout.
- the parts 2, 3 are positioned relative to one another such that the second part 3 forms the joint 16 with the first part 2 in that section of the first part 2, in which a verset ⁇ density of the base material is less than the dislocation density of the structure in a deformation region 18 produced by cold forming on the first part 2, as shown in the vor ⁇ forthcoming Fig.
- the parts 2, 3 to be welded are arranged either offset in one plane or in a direction perpendicular to the surface parts 50, 51 offset by an offset gegenein ⁇ , so that between the parts 2, 3, (4), (34) at least at the joint 16 a gradation, as described above, is formed.
- each investment and positioning projection 6 of the corresponding parts 2 to 4, 34 is formed exclusively by a abutment projection 6, which forms only the contact surface 7.
- the Anla ⁇ ge projection 6 has a length 10 between 6 mm and 70 mm. However, the length 10 should have at least twice the thickness or sheet thickness of the part 2 on which the abutment projection 6 is formed. The width of the abutment projection 6 corresponds in each case to the thickness or sheet thickness of the part 2.
- the weld seam 17 extends over the entire length of the abutment projection 6 and its beginning and end End sections rounded run, so that even in the beginning and end of the weld seam 17 an undisturbed power flow is possible and a weakening of the supporting seam cross section is avoided.
- End portions of the weld 17 each lie at least by the simple thickness or sheet thickness of a part 2 to 4, 34 away from the respective deformation region 18.
- the described welded seams 17 can converge towards one another on their joining section 16 at their joining outer section to the inner section thereof (see FIG. 16).
- the end portions of the welds 17 may overlap or only abut one another.
- the welds 17 can be arranged on two separate joints 16, the welds 17 in opposite directions respectively from the outer portion to the inner portion of the joints 16 (see Fig. 17) or in the same direction from the outer portion to the inner portion and from the inner portion to the outer portion of Joining joints 16 (see FIG. 19) run.
- the welds 17 are directed towards each other and in the direction of lying between the outer sections, common meeting place.
- the neighboring end sections of the abutting weld seams 17 lie or the meeting point lies in a stress-relieved or uncritical section of the assembly 1 for the strength properties.
- the parts 2, 3, 4, 34 described above are preferably made of the same material, for example of steel or aluminum, and have a tensile strength of 200 N / mm 2 to 400 N / mm 2 .
- a reduction in the total weight and advantageous Festig ⁇ keitseigenschaften the assembly 1 are achieved when using materials that have a tensile strength of 700 N / mm2 to 900 N / mm2.
- Forged part is formed, which is made by cold forging (cold forming) dimensionally accurate.
- one of the parts may be formed by a massive forming part, for example, a forged part, which is made dimensionally accurate by hot or cold forging.
- the parts 2 to 4, 34 are each cut from a flat piece of sheet metal, in particular punched out, and if necessary, formed by bending into its corresponding shape. If the part is a forged part, it is forged to its appropriate shape at room temperature by forging. It is essential that the contact and / or positioning surfaces 7, 14, 8, 15 are manufactured with high precision. In contrast to this, the remaining surface parts, which adjoin the abutment and / or positioning projections 6 or abutment and / or positioning surfaces 6, 14, 7, 15, can be produced with low accuracy.
- the accurately machined parts 2 to 4, 34 before joining or welding are held fixed in a welding system by means of clamping tools of clamping and positioning devices (not shown) and are positioned relative to each other by means of adjusting devices (not shown) and aligned with their corresponding ones , Preferably parallel, planar contact and / or positioning surfaces 7, 14, 8, 15 pressed against each other with a pre-clamping force.
- the parts 2 to 4, 34 by beam welding, in particular laser or electron beam welding, at the joint 16 by be ⁇ richly melting the base material of the parts to be welded together 2 to 4, 34 undetachably connected.
- the preload remains throughout S chody process preferably constant because the parts to be welded 2, 3, 4, 34 are always supported against each other with their mutually associated bearing and / or positioning surfaces 7, 14, 8, 15 against each other.
- the problem often arises that the individual parts 1 to 4, 34 produced by deformation do not have the accuracy of shape set against them. For example, when bending always with a Form ⁇ accuracy by springback of the formed sheet metal section must be expected.
- a method for producing the assembly 1 according to the invention is described below with reference to FIGS. 31 and 32, in which these shape inaccuracies are reduced to a permissible level.
- first clamping and positioning device 56 for the dimensionally schneenn ⁇ tenen and optionally reshaped or only deformed, first part 2, a Sch health ⁇ device 58, a holder 59 for at least has a tailor-made and gege ⁇ if necessary reshaped or formed only, second part 3 and a second clamping and positioning device 60 for the second part 3 has.
- the first clamping and positioning device 56 for on-demand picking up, positioning and clamping of the first part 2 has at least two clamping tools 57, 57 ', 57 ", in particular collets, with adjustable clamping elements, for example, three separately controllable embodiments Clamping tools 57 clamps or holds the U-shaped part 2 on the base 11, while the two other clamping tools 57 ', 57 "each clamp or hold a leg 12 so that the part 2 is held fixed in position or desired shape , Dimensional inaccuracies, such as, for example, the clear width between the legs 12, on the part 2, which would have negative effects on the overall accuracy of the assembly 1, are effectively compensated by targeted control of the sputtering tools 57, 57 ', 57 " has the clamping and positioning device 56 of stu ⁇ infinitely controllable servo drives driven adjusting 66, 66 ⁇ 66 ", with which the clamping tools 57, 57 ', 57" are arbitrarily movable or positionable in space., For example
- first clamping and positioning device 56 is also mounted on an adjustable by means of infinitely controllable servo drive adjusting slide, so that the first clamping and positioning device 56 at least in the direction of the second clamping and positioning device 60 horizontally in the room is movable or positionable.
- This adjusting device in particular the servo drive, is connected to a controller 61 ange ⁇ .
- the second clamping and positioning device 60 for picking up, positioning and clamping the second part 3 comprises at least one controllable clamping tool 63, in particular collet, with adjustable, in particular radially movable Spannele ⁇ elements, as they are only schematically indicated by arrows.
- the sleeve-shaped, second part 3 is tensioned by means of the clamping tool 63 on a surface part 68 or an inner shell surface, as indicated in FIG. 31 only schematically by arrows.
- Dimensional inaccuracies, such as the inner diameter, on the part 3, which would have negative effects on the overall accuracy of the assembly 1, are effectively compensated by targeted control of the clamping tool 63.
- the clamping and positioning device 60 has an adjusting device 61 which is driven by infinitely controllable servo drives and with which the clamping tool 63 can be moved or positioned as desired in space.
- the clamping tool 63 is mounted on a slide of the adjusting device 61 that can be moved or positioned as desired in the space, preferably by means of steplessly controllable servo drives.
- the entire, second clamping and positioning device 56 is also mounted on an adjustable by means of infinitely controllable servo drive adjusting slide, so that the first
- Clamping and positioning device 56 is at least in the direction of the second clamping and Posi ⁇ tioning 60 horizontally movable or positioned in space.
- This adjusting device in particular the servo drive, is connected to a controller 61.
- clamping tools 57, 57 ', 57 ", 63 in particular the clamping elements, the clamping and positioning devices 56, 60 are shown by means of the actuators between an unactuated initial position, as shown in FIG. 31 in full line for the clamping tool 63 , and formge ⁇ actuating position, as shown in Fig. 31 in dotted line for the clamping tool 63 ' shown, adjustable trained.
- the clamping surfaces of the clamping tools 57, 57 ', 57 ", 63 are slightly distanced to the inner and / or outer surface parts of the part 2 or to the inner or outer circumferential surface of the part 3 and in the actuation position the clamping surfaces are pressed against the inner and / or outer surface parts of the part 2 or inner or outer circumferential surface of the part 3.
- both parts 2, 3 can now be moved toward one another and positioned or aligned with each other in the radial direction.
- the first tensioning and positioning device 56 which can be positioned in space, can also be arranged so well on a stationary frame part of the welding system that only the second part 3 can be moved relative to the first part 2.
- the first part 2 is in this case of the Clamping tools 57, 57 ', 57 "th only held in position or desired shape, but not in the direction of the second part 3 moves.
- the clamping elements of the clamping tools 57, 57 ', 57 “, 63 for the clamping and positioning devices 56, 60 can each be operated as desired by means of an actuator, for example hydraulically, pneumatically, mechanically or electrically the tensioning tool 63 of the second tensioning and positioning device 60 and 74, 74 ', 74 "are the actuating drives for the tensioning tools 57, 57', 57" of the first tensioning and positioning device 56.
- an actuator for example hydraulically, pneumatically, mechanically or electrically the tensioning tool 63 of the second tensioning and positioning device 60 and 74, 74 ', 74 "are the actuating drives for the tensioning tools 57, 57', 57" of the first tensioning and positioning device 56.
- clamping tools 57, 57 ', 57 ", 63 of the first and / or second clamping and positioning device 56, 60 are each with a device for Erfas ⁇ sen on the first and / or second Part 2, 3 applied force to deform it provided.
- the welding device 58 is mounted on an arbitrarily positionable in space adjusting device 62.
- the welding device 58 for example a laser or electron welding head, is mounted on a carriage of the third adjusting device 62, which can be moved or positioned as desired in the space, preferably by means of steplessly controllable servo drives.
- the servo drives the Verstellemcardien 61, 62, 66, 66 ⁇ 66 "and the actuator 65, 74, 74 ', 74 "of the clamping elements are connected to the preferably electronic control 67 for the welding system, which in turn comprises a computer system and a controller and controls the servo and actuators.
- the welding installation comprises at least one measuring device 64, which is preferably provided in a plane extending between the two parts to be welded together, 2, 3.
- This measuring device 64 is formed by an electromechanically acting or opto-electronic measuring system.
- the latter has at least one optical sensor for non-contact detection of an actual shape of at least one of the parts 2, 3 and can be formed, for example, by a laser or infrared measuring system or CCD camera and the like.
- the electromechanically acting measuring system is formed for example by a probe with which the actual shape of at least one of the parts 2, 3 is detected by contacting.
- the measuring system is provided either in the welding system in the vicinity of the clamping and positioning devices 56, 60 or outside the welding system. According to the latter embodiment, for example, the part 3 mounted on the holder 59 is conveyed past the measuring system or briefly stopped and measured, as described below, and then transported into the welding system in a ready position between the clamping and positioning devices 56, 60.
- the holder 59 described above is either arranged stationary between the two spaced apart clamping and positioning devices 60 or relatively adjustable by means of a transport system to the clamping and positioning devices 56, 60th
- the measuring device 64 is also connected to the controller 67 for the welding system, which in turn comprises the computer system and the controller and the actuators 65, 74, 74 ', 74 "as a function of the reference / actual value comparison between the actual values detected by the measuring device 64 and in the control 67 stored setpoint values for the measures.
- the tube formed by a section of a flat piece of sheet metal that has been welded or formed by deep drawing or stretching can be produced inexpensively, greater inaccuracies in shape or dimensions must be expected than in the case of Machining production and therefore only an insufficiently accurate receptacle for a bearing 44 (not shown) can be provided.
- the sleeve itself is used as a bearing ring, then the demands on the accuracy are even greater, since the ball track of the rolling bearing is now part of the preferably produced without cutting sleeve.
- the assembly 1 according to the invention can be made in several successive Anlagen ⁇ steps for two versions.
- the assembly 1 is composed according to this embodiment of a U-shaped, first part 2 and a sleeve to be welded on the end face thereof as a second part 3.
- the first part 2 is provided, for example conveyed by means of a transport system to a ready position and there taken on the first clamping and positioning device 56 by means of the clamping tools 57, 57 ', 57 ", positioned, fixed and court tet (therefore spent in nominal form)
- the base 11 and the leg run 12 in two planes that enclose an angle of 90 °, with a tolerated angular deviation in the range of 0.5 °, this applies to the design of the first part 2 with U-shaped or L-shaped cross-section.
- the second part 3 While the first part 2 is being positioned, fixed and straightened, the second part 3 becomes a provisioning position between the first and second tensioning and positioning device 60 spent, for example, with the transport system required or placed on the stationary Hal- sion 59.
- the second part 3 is freely supported or held on the holder 59.
- the second part 2 is received by the clamping tool 63, positioned opposite to this and cylindrically deformed by applying force to the desired shape, in particular slightly widened.
- the force is applied via the driven by the actuator 65 clamping elements with les on the inner surface of the second Tei ⁇ les 2, arcuate clamping surfaces. Since according to the first embodiment, the deformation of the second part 2 in the desired shape without measuring step, the clamping elements are controlled by the actuator such that the be ⁇ knew from the production of welded pipes, maximum tolerance deviation reliably eliminated and the sleeve-shaped, second part 2 in an exactly cylindrical nominal shape is deformed.
- the positioning and centering of the part 3 on the clamping tool 63 takes place in an advantageous manner such that for the time being only individual clamping elements are pressed against the inner lateral surface with low force and the front-side, first surface part 33 facing away from the first part 2 against one the clamping and positioning device 60, in particular the clamping tool 63, having reference surface 70 of a support plate 71 are positioned.
- the part 3 is deformed by radial application of force against the lateral surface into the desired shape.
- the second part 3 is therefore held in the direction of the longitudinal axis 69 and in the radial direction to the longitudinal axis 69 substantially free of play, positioned and centered on the clamping tool 63. This positioning allows a gentle treatment of the part 3.
- the second part 3 is then centered or positioned in this exactly cylindrical desired shape on the clamping tool 63. Subsequently, the parts 2, 3 by activation of at least one or all adjusting devices 61, 66, 66 ', 66 "' for the clamping tools 57, 57 ', 57", 63 aligned to each other and by activating at least one or both Verstellinraumen for the tensioning and positioning devices 56, 60 moved toward each other and with their mutually facing contact and / or positioning surfaces 7, 8, 14, 15 abut each other substantially gap-free.
- the second part 3 is aligned with respect to the first part 2, on the position-positioned, dimensionally accurate, first Moved part 2 and with its the investment and / or positioning 7, 8 of the first Tei ⁇ les 2 facing investment and / or positioning surfaces 14, 15 applied substantially gap-free.
- the abutment and positioning surfaces 7, 8, 14, 15 can entwe ⁇ by the mutually facing, front-side surface portions 27, 28 (not registered) of the parts 2, 3 or through the first part 2 at its the second Part 3 facing surface portion 27 projecting, not shown investment and possibly positioning projections 6, 6 'and lying in a plane with the surface portion 28 investment and optionally positioning surface 14, 15 are formed on the second part 3.
- the parts 2, 3 it is also possible for the parts 2, 3 to be welded to form exclusively contact surfaces 7, 14.
- the welding device 58 is activated by the control 67, which is now moved by means of the adjusting device 62, whereby a weld 17, not shown, is placed on the one or more joints 17. be welded and the parts 2, 3.
- the clamping devices 56, 60 are preferably kept quiet during the welding process.
- both parts 2, 3 are provided, for example conveyed to the provisioning positions by means of transport systems.
- the parts 2, 3 can still be in the ready position and the measurement takes place even before they have been picked up by the clamping tools 57, 57 ', 57 ", 63 and positioned and fixed on them, or is the measurement taken only after they have been done at the clamping and positioning means 56, 60 by means of the clamping tools 57, 57 ', 57 ", 63 were taken, positioned and fixed to this.
- the actual values of the dimensions are transmitted to the controller 67.
- nominal shapes or setpoint values for the dimensions thereof are stored for different spatial forms / geometries of the parts 2 and / or 3.
- the actual values of the dimensions are now fed to the controller and a setpoint / actual value comparison of the setpoints and actual values of the measurements takes place in the controller 67.
- the adjusting device of the first tensioning and positioning device 56 and / or the adjusting device of the second tensioning and positioning device 60 are actuated by the control 67, which is actuated by the clamping tool 57, 57 ', 57 ", 63 fixedly held parts 2, 3 moved towards each other and then welded.
- the measuring device 64 detects a deviation of the actual shape from a desired shape in at least one spatial direction, the actual values of the dimensions on the first and / or second part 2, 3 are detected and transmitted to the controller 67.
- a correction value of Controller or controller 67 set.
- this correction value is one or more adjusting devices 61, 66, 66 ⁇ 66 "and / or one or more actuators 74, 74 ', 74", 65 for the clamping elements of the clamping tools or 57, 57', 57 ", 63 of first and / or second clamping and positioning device 56, 60.
- the corresponding correction value is generated in an electronic control of the servo drive (s) of the adjusting device (s) 61, 66, 66 ', 66 "and / or the actuator (s) 74, 74 ', 74 ", 65 for the Spann ⁇ elements of and / or the clamping tools (s) 57, 57', 57", 63 of the first and / or second clamping and positioning 56, 60 entered.
- the clamping elements of the clamping tool 57 ', 57 "for the first part 2 will be based on the calculated by the controller 67 correction value with respect to the base 11 perpendicularly extending hard axis approximately vertical direction and / or the clamping elements of the clamping tool 63 for the second part 3 is deformed radially with respect to the longitudinal axis 69 on the basis of the correction value calculated by the control 67, so that the faulty shape of the first and / or second part 2, 3 is compensated by deforming it until it reaches its desired shape.
- the parts 2, 3, which are already held in the desired shape and / or deformed into the desired shape, after having been aligned with each other, are provided with a pretensioning element. force were pressed against each other and before they are welded together, kann ⁇ times the actual shape is detected and in case of any occurring form deviation post-deformation is performed so that the desired shape reliably achieved.
- the assembly 1 is discharged from the welding system as a reject part.
- a setpoint / actual value comparison of the dimensions takes place continuously throughout the shaping process of the part 2, 3, as a result of which high process reliability and permanent quality control are possible.
- the deformation process for at least one part 2, 3 takes place in its desired shape even before the parts 2, 3 are aligned and positioned relative to one another. It is equally possible that the actual shape or the actual values of the dimensions of the parts 2, 3 are detected by the measuring device 64, the position of their longitudinal axes 69, 72 is calculated, the clamping tools 57, 57 ', 57 ", 63 of the tensioning and positioning devices 56, 60 with the parts 2, 3 located thereon in the spatial directions are adjusted in such a way that the longitudinal axes 69, 72 of the parts 2, 3 form a common axis moved, with their investment and / or positioning 7, 8, 14, 15 juxtaposed and subsequently the part 2, 3, which deviates from its nominal shape, as long deformed until its actual shape is adapted to the desired shape. in turn, the welding operation takes place at the unregistered joints 16 between the first and second parts 2, 3.
- the second part 3 is not limited to the formation of the second part 3 in the form of a sleeve, but rather is any profile that is inferior to a forming, possible.
- the second part 3 may have a cross-sectionally trapezoidal, U-shaped or L-shaped cross-section.
- the first part 2 can be formed by a flat piece of sheet metal, but also by a reshaped profile. Accordingly, the clamping tool 57, 57 ', 57 ", 63 is to be adapted.
- the assembly 1 produced by these methods is characterized by its high dimensional accuracy and ease of manufacture.
- FIGS. 1 to 32 can form the subject of independent solutions according to the invention.
- the relevant objects and solutions according to the invention can be found in the detailed descriptions of these figures. Reference design
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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BRPI0513879-5A BRPI0513879A (pt) | 2004-07-27 | 2005-07-13 | subconjunto de partes múltiplas composto de partes metálicas e processo para a sua produção |
US11/658,442 US20090280349A1 (en) | 2004-07-27 | 2005-07-13 | Multipart subassembly composed of metallic parts, and method for the production thereof |
DE112005001805T DE112005001805A5 (de) | 2004-07-27 | 2005-07-13 | Mehrteilige Baugruppe aus metallischen Teilen und Verfahren zur Herstellung derselben |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
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ATA1278/2004 | 2004-07-27 | ||
AT0127804A AT500655B1 (de) | 2004-07-27 | 2004-07-27 | Mehrteilige baugruppe aus mehreren metallischen teilen |
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WO2006010177A2 true WO2006010177A2 (de) | 2006-02-02 |
WO2006010177A3 WO2006010177A3 (de) | 2006-07-20 |
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PCT/AT2005/000265 WO2006010177A2 (de) | 2004-07-27 | 2005-07-13 | Mehrteilige baugruppe aus metallischen teilen und verfahren zur herstellung derselben |
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US (1) | US20090280349A1 (de) |
CN (1) | CN101048257A (de) |
AT (2) | AT500655B1 (de) |
BR (1) | BRPI0513879A (de) |
DE (1) | DE112005001805A5 (de) |
FR (1) | FR2873607B1 (de) |
IT (1) | ITSV20050027A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2006010177A2 (de) |
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-
2005
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- 2005-07-13 CN CNA2005800316357A patent/CN101048257A/zh active Pending
- 2005-07-13 US US11/658,442 patent/US20090280349A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-07-13 DE DE112005001805T patent/DE112005001805A5/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2005-07-26 FR FR0507965A patent/FR2873607B1/fr active Active
- 2005-07-26 IT IT000027A patent/ITSV20050027A1/it unknown
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Cited By (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US9925074B2 (en) | 1999-02-01 | 2018-03-27 | Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System | Plain woven stents |
US9629736B2 (en) | 2006-10-22 | 2017-04-25 | Idev Technologies, Inc. | Secured strand end devices |
US9895242B2 (en) * | 2006-10-22 | 2018-02-20 | Idev Technologies, Inc. | Secured strand end devices |
US10470902B2 (en) | 2006-10-22 | 2019-11-12 | Idev Technologies, Inc. | Secured strand end devices |
WO2010017798A1 (de) * | 2008-08-12 | 2010-02-18 | Gsi Helmholtzzentrum Für Schwerionenforschung Gmbh | Werkstückanordnung |
US9027823B2 (en) | 2008-08-12 | 2015-05-12 | Gsi Helmholtzzentrum Fuer Schwerionenforschung Gmbh | Workpiece arrangement |
DE102011052837A1 (de) | 2010-08-27 | 2012-03-01 | Stiwa Holding Gmbh | Schaltvorrichtung für ein Zahnräderwechselgetriebe |
DE102011052837B4 (de) | 2010-08-27 | 2023-02-02 | Stiwa Holding Gmbh | Schaltvorrichtung für ein Zahnräderwechselgetriebe mit einem Grundkörper und einer vom Grundkörper getrennt hergestellten Grundkörperanbindung |
US10022255B2 (en) | 2016-04-11 | 2018-07-17 | Idev Technologies, Inc. | Stent delivery system having anisotropic sheath |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AT500655B1 (de) | 2007-12-15 |
AT500656B1 (de) | 2008-02-15 |
DE112005001805A5 (de) | 2008-01-17 |
CN101048257A (zh) | 2007-10-03 |
WO2006010177A3 (de) | 2006-07-20 |
ITSV20050027A1 (it) | 2006-01-28 |
BRPI0513879A (pt) | 2008-05-20 |
US20090280349A1 (en) | 2009-11-12 |
FR2873607A1 (fr) | 2006-02-03 |
AT500655A1 (de) | 2006-02-15 |
AT500656A3 (de) | 2006-05-15 |
AT500656A2 (de) | 2006-02-15 |
FR2873607B1 (fr) | 2010-02-05 |
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