WO2019006739A1 - 一种大型圆筒段的焊接方法 - Google Patents

一种大型圆筒段的焊接方法 Download PDF

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WO2019006739A1
WO2019006739A1 PCT/CN2017/092191 CN2017092191W WO2019006739A1 WO 2019006739 A1 WO2019006739 A1 WO 2019006739A1 CN 2017092191 W CN2017092191 W CN 2017092191W WO 2019006739 A1 WO2019006739 A1 WO 2019006739A1
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welding
welded
cylinder
welding method
weld
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PCT/CN2017/092191
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French (fr)
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张东辉
吕军
谢桂芝
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乔治洛德方法研究和开发液化空气有限公司
张东辉
吕军
谢桂芝
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Application filed by 乔治洛德方法研究和开发液化空气有限公司, 张东辉, 吕军, 谢桂芝 filed Critical 乔治洛德方法研究和开发液化空气有限公司
Priority to CN201780092976.8A priority Critical patent/CN110869156A/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2017/092191 priority patent/WO2019006739A1/zh
Publication of WO2019006739A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019006739A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
    • B23K9/02—Seam welding; Backing means; Inserts

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  • the invention relates to a welding method for a large cylinder segment, in particular to a welding method capable of regulating welding shrinkage deformation. It is suitable for the preparation process with high requirements on the uniformity of the inner diameter of the cylinder segment.
  • Modern welding structures are developing in the direction of large-scale and complicated, and the specifications required for various types of components are becoming larger and larger, and the requirements for welding are becoming more and more strict.
  • the process of preheating, welding, etc. will cause deformation of various parts of the large component, causing changes in the relative position and shape relationship between the components.
  • it In order to ensure the design requirements of the product, it must be tested and regulated during the welding manufacturing process. It is more and more difficult to monitor and correct the welding deformation of large thick-walled pipes, which has become the main reason that affects the stability of welded components, reduces the service life of weldments, and causes damage to welded structures.
  • Conventional welding deformation monitoring methods generally use equipment such as dial gauges and reference comparison or displacement sensors.
  • Optical centering requires the production of center tooling, which is installed in a central axis to meet the accuracy requirements, while the production and installation of center tooling is bound to increase costs.
  • the welding process is actually a thermal process of cooling and solidifying after heating in a local area of the weldment, but due to the uneven temperature field, the weldment is unevenly expanded and contracted, thereby causing welding stress inside the weldment to cause welding deformation.
  • the main factors controlling the degree of shrinkage and deformation are: 1 the restraining effect of the external fixture; 2 the internal restraint of the large weldment; 3 the rigidity of the weldment itself; 4 the welding heat input and the welding speed; 5 the cooling speed.
  • the interaction of these factors is very complicated, and it is difficult to calculate and predict the shrinkage and deformation of the simplest welds, but some measures and process steps can be taken to control the shrinkage and deformation.
  • Common welding deformations are: (1) longitudinal shrinkage deformation; (2) transverse shrinkage deformation; (3) angular deformation; (4) bending deformation; (5) distortion; (6) wave deformation.
  • the manufacturing process of large cylinder segments is usually: steel plate marking, cutting processing, bevel machining, Pre-bending, curved steel plate rolling, tile correction, tile platform group circle, longitudinal seam welding, deformation correction, stiffening ring installation, welding, cylinder section pairing into cylinder section, ring seam welding, inspection, anti-corrosion, etc. .
  • large cylinders often need to be welded multiple times during the manufacturing process.
  • the diameter of the cylinder section is large, there may be more than one longitudinal weld; when the length of the cylinder section is large, It is necessary to calibrate the longitudinally welded barrel sections, and then assemble the two or more barrel sections on the roller frame to weld the barrel wall joints into a cylinder section.
  • weld In the welded joint of thick steel plates, the weld requires multiple layers of welding. Therefore, in addition to the longitudinal and transverse weld stresses, there are weld stresses along the thickness of the steel sheet, which will greatly reduce the plasticity of the joint.
  • Welding deformation includes longitudinal and transverse contraction, bending deformation, angular deformation and distortion, and is usually a combination of several deformations.
  • the weld depth is very deep, and the welding adopts the multi-pass welding method. During the welding process, each welding will produce a certain angular deformation.
  • the transverse shrinkage deformation will accumulate, resulting in welding. Large angle deformation of the rear steel plate.
  • certain technological measures should be taken to reduce the weld shrinkage. Under the existing conditions, the most effective process measure is the rigid fixing method, which increases the local rigidity of the structure to limit the shrinkage of the weld wall of the tank wall and the heat affected zone.
  • the submerged arc welding heat input is the largest except for electroslag, and the shrinkage deformation is the largest under other conditions such as the weld cross-sectional area.
  • the quality of submerged arc welding is stable, the welding productivity is high, there is no arc, and there is little smoke, which is still widely used.
  • Chinese invention patent CN104148773B discloses a method for controlling the tailoring deformation of large metal tube sheets, the diameter of the large metal tube sheets is 5000mm ⁇ 10000mm, the thickness is 60mm ⁇ 400mm; the material is the welding of GB150.2 steel sheets; The slab material is welded by 2 to 3 steel plates, and the welded groove type adopts an asymmetric narrow gap U-shaped groove.
  • the invention controls the tailor welding deformation of the tube sheet and reduces the metal consumption of the tube sheet blank.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a large-sized cylinder segment welding method with simple operation, calculate the reserved welding shrinkage compensation length and adjust the welding sequence through the empirical formula, regulate the welding shrinkage deformation, and reduce the ring welding under the premise of ensuring the welding quality.
  • the welding deformation of the seam and the longitudinal weld seam reduces the dimensional deviation of the inner diameter of the cylinder section to meet the design requirements of the cylinder section.
  • the outer ring seam is welded first, and the inner ring seam is welded.
  • the inner ring seam is welded first, then the outer ring seam is welded, and finally the inner ring seam is welded.
  • the welding method is submerged arc welding.
  • the shrinkage compensation length S is preferably 1.5 mm.
  • the material of the large cylindrical section includes, but is not limited to, carbon structural steel, austenitic stainless steel, low alloy structural steel, heat resistant steel, composite steel, nickel base alloy, copper base alloy.
  • the material of the large cylindrical section is preferably austenitic stainless steel.
  • the beneficial effects of the invention are mainly embodied in: calculating the welding shrinkage compensation length of the reserved longitudinal weld seam and adjusting the welding sequence of the weld seam by the empirical formula, adjusting the welding shrinkage deformation, and ensuring the welding quality.
  • the invention is widely applicable, and according to different plate thicknesses, a unique welding sequence is used to weld the girth welds, thereby effectively reducing the inner diameter shrinkage of the cylinder segments caused by the girth welds, and ensuring the large cylinder segments after welding.
  • the inner diameter satisfies the requirement of the set size, and the dimensional deviation of the inner diameter of the barrel section is effectively controlled.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of a cylindrical section having a circumferential weld.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic illustration of one embodiment of the invention.
  • Rings are widely used in large chemical, metallurgical, aerospace and other industries.
  • the fractionation towers such as the low-pressure tower, the medium-pressure tower, and the high-pressure tower in the air separation device, and the HYCO hydrogen production device, the liquid nitrogen washing device, the various adsorption towers in the chemical plant, and the cylinder of the fractionation tower are all common large-sized ones.
  • Cylindrical ring As shown in Figure 1, the large cylinder is often welded by multiple plates, including but not limited to carbon structural steel, austenitic stainless steel, low alloy structural steel, heat resistant steel, composite steel, nickel base alloy. , copper-based alloy.
  • the longitudinal weld (3) is welded, use the tape measure to measure the outer circumference of the cylinder at the measuring point of the tape (5). It will be found that the outer circumference of the cylinder is shrinking compared with the length of the plate before welding. Reserve the weld shrinkage length, the longitudinal weld shrinkage will reduce the inner diameter of the cylinder; after the weld ring weld, use the tape measure to measure the outer circumference of the cylinder section at the girth shrinkage measurement point (6), and the weld shrinkage will be found. This causes a bottleneck deformation near the girth weld (4) and locally reduces the inner diameter of the cylindrical section.
  • the round cake-like filler (7) needs to be filled in the fractionation column in the subsequent preparation process, it is required that the inner diameter of the cylinder section is uniform after welding.
  • the shrinkage of the longitudinal weld and the bottleneck shrinkage deformation near the girth weld make the inner diameter of the cylinder segment difficult to control and uneven, which makes it difficult to install the round cake filler (7) in the fractionation column. Therefore, it is necessary to correct the deformation, but it will cause unnecessary work time loss and reduce production efficiency. Due to the complexity of welding stress and deformation problems, the combination of experimental testing and theoretical analysis and numerical calculation is often used in engineering practice to grasp the law, in order to achieve the purpose of predictive control and adjustment of welding stress and deformation.
  • the shrinkage of the longitudinal weld seam and the circumferential weld seam can be effectively controlled, and a ring member having a uniform inner diameter can be prepared.
  • the predetermined inner diameter Di+ ⁇ D of the large cylindrical ring member (1) is 4900 mm
  • the height of the cylinder segment is 4000 mm
  • the thickness T is 14 mm
  • ⁇ D is the diameter tolerance
  • the cylinder is in the cylinder.
  • the error allowed in practical applications is generally ranging from one millimeter to ten millimeters.
  • ⁇ D is determined by the inner diameter of the cylinder and the inside of the cylinder.
  • the allowable dimensional difference of the wafer-shaped filler to be loaded is determined.
  • the steel plate material to be rolled is S30408, and T is a plate thickness of 14 mm.
  • the finished cylindrical ring member is composed of two tubular segments (2).
  • Each barrel section (2) has two longitudinal welds (3), and the entire finished cylindrical ring part also includes a ring weld (4).
  • the size of each steel plate can be 8000X width 2000mm, and length 7438mm (by After cutting) X width 2000mm.
  • the longitudinal weld (3) is welded by submerged arc welding.
  • the submerged arc welding parameters are current 400-600A, voltage 35.5V, speed 60-70cm/min, then pre-bending and rolling, and then buried with the same welding parameters mentioned above.
  • the size of the two steel plates in each barrel section can be 8000X width 2000mm, and length 7441mm (after cutting) X width 2000mm. Subsequent processes are consistent with the above. After the welding is completed, the outer circumference (5) of the cylinder section after welding is measured.
  • the shrinkage compensation length S reserved for cutting was 1.5 mm*N (N is the number of longitudinal welds) to offset the weld shrinkage of these longitudinal welds.
  • N is the number of longitudinal welds
  • ⁇ D the diameter tolerance
  • the chemical composition of austenitic stainless steel is detailed in the national standard GB 24511-2009 "stainless steel plate and steel strip for pressure equipment”.
  • the order of the original weld ring welds is to weld the inner circumferential joints first, usually one or two;
  • the seams, generally one, are carried out sequentially from the inside to the outside.
  • the side to be welded of the steel plate does not need to be processed into a V-shaped groove, and an outer ring seam is welded first, and then an inner ring seam is welded;
  • the thickness of the plate is 12-20mm, it is necessary to process the V-shaped groove on the side to be welded of the steel plate, first weld the inner ring joint, then weld the outer ring joint, and finally weld the inner ring joint.
  • the welding sequence adopts the first way of welding the inner ring seam first, but not welded, Current 400-430A, Voltage 35.5V, speed 65-70cm/min, and then weld an outer ring seam, current 570-600A, voltage 35.5V, speed 60-70cm/min, and finally weld the inner ring seam second, current 550-570A, voltage 35.5V, speed 60-70cm / min, so that it is fully welded.
  • the outer circumference loss of the cylindrical section due to the shrinkage of the girth weld is only 1 mm, which effectively controls the shrinkage of the girth weld and ensures the uniformity of the inner diameter of the cylinder.
  • the outer circumference loss of the cylinder segment due to the shrinkage of the girth weld is measured at the girth shrinkage measurement point. It is 11mm.

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Abstract

一种操作简单的大型圆筒段的焊接方法，根据大型圆筒预设的内直径切割、坡口机加工、沿纵焊缝焊接、并预弯、卷制成筒节，可选的，将至少两个筒节组成筒段，并沿环缝进行环焊；通过经验公式计算预留纵焊缝焊接收缩补偿长度和调整环焊缝的焊接顺序，调控焊接收缩变形。依据不同的板厚，采用独特的焊接顺序，对环焊缝进行焊接，在保证焊接质量的前提下，有效地减小了环焊缝造成的圆筒段内径收缩，保证大型圆筒段焊接后的内径满足设定尺寸的要求，有效地控制了圆筒段的内径尺寸偏差。

Description

一种大型圆筒段的焊接方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种大型圆筒段的焊接方法，尤其涉及一种可以调控焊接收缩变形的焊接方法。适用于对圆筒段内径尺寸均匀度要求较高的制备过程。
背景技术
现代焊接结构向着大型化和复杂化的方向发展，各类构件所需的规格也越来越大，而对焊接的要求也越来越严格。在焊接过程中，由于预热、焊接等工艺流程会导致大型构件各部分产生变形，引起部件之间相对位置和形态关系产生变化。为了保证产品的设计要求，必须在焊接制造过程中加以检测和调控。大厚壁管道的焊接变形监测和校正越来越困难，已经成为了影响焊接构件稳定性，降低焊件使用寿命，造成焊接结构破坏的主要原因。传统的焊接变形监测方法一般采用千分表与基准对比或位移传感器等设备，在实际测量中有众多不足，特别是对大构件进行变形量检测时。大型构件在精度较高的装配过程中，一般采用光学对中的测量方法来满足安装精度的需要。光学对中需要制作中心工装，通过建立中心轴线分段安装来满足精度要求，而制作和安装中心工装势必会增加成本。
焊接过程实际上是在焊件局部区域加热后又冷却凝固的热过程，但由于不均匀温度场，导致焊件不均匀的膨胀和收缩，从而使焊件内部产生焊接应力而引起焊接变形。控制收缩和变形程度的因素主要有：①外部夹具的拘束作用；②大型焊件的内部拘束；③焊件自身的刚度；④焊接热量输入和焊接速度；⑤冷却速度。这些因素的交互作用十分复杂，对于最简单焊缝的收缩和变形进行计算和预测也是很困难的，但可以采取一些措施、工艺步骤控制收缩和变形量。常见的焊接变形有：(1)纵向收缩变形；(2)横向收缩变形；(3)角变形；(4)弯曲变形；(5)扭曲变形；(6)波浪变形。
目前大型圆筒段制造工艺通常是：钢板划线、切割加工、坡口机加工、 预弯、弧形钢板卷制、瓦片校正、瓦片平台组圆、纵缝焊接、变形校正、加劲环安装、焊接、圆筒节组对成为圆筒段、环缝焊接、检验、防腐等。受到钢板尺寸及运输条件的限制，大型圆筒在制造过程中往往需要进行多次焊接，当圆筒段直径较大时，纵焊缝可能多于一条；当圆筒段长度较大时，往往需要将纵焊后的筒节进行校正，再将两个或多个筒节在滚轮架上将筒壁环缝组装焊接成筒段。在厚钢板的焊接连接中，焊缝需要多层施焊。因此，除了有纵向和横向焊接应力外，还存在着沿钢板厚度方向的焊接应力，这三向应力将大大降低连接的塑性。在焊接过程中，不均匀的加热和冷却，焊接区在纵向和横向收缩时，导致构件产生局部鼓曲、弯曲、歪曲和扭转等。焊接变形包括纵、横收缩、弯曲变形、角变形和扭曲变形等，通常是几种变形的组合。特别是对于厚钢板，焊缝深度很深，焊接均采用多道焊的方法，在焊接过程中，由于每道焊接都会产生一定的角变形，经多道焊接，横向收缩变形不断积累，造成焊接后钢板的较大角变形。为了减少罐壁板在焊接过程中产生的收缩变形,应采取一定的工艺措施减少焊缝收缩。在现有条件下,最有效的工艺措施是刚性固定法,即增加结构局部刚性,以限制罐壁板焊缝及热影响区收缩。
为了减少焊接应力和焊接变形，要采取合理的施焊顺序，厚焊缝采用沿厚度方向分层焊。组焊时应选择能使各条焊缝都有可能自由收缩的焊接顺序。应先焊收缩补偿长度最大的焊缝,这是因为结构的刚性在焊接过程中是逐渐增大的,所以先焊的焊缝在收缩时所受到的阻力会小些,焊后的应力也小些。
在工程设备和钢结构焊接常用的几种焊接方法中，除电渣以外，埋弧焊热输入最大，在其他条件如焊缝断面面积等相同情况下，收缩变形最大。但埋弧焊的焊接质量稳定、焊接生产率高、无弧光、烟尘很少，至今仍被广泛应用。
中国发明专利CN104148773B公开了一种控制大型金属管板拼焊变形的方法，大型金属管板直径为5000㎜～10000㎜，厚度为60㎜～400㎜；材料为GB150.2钢板的拼焊；管板坯料用2～3块钢板拼焊，焊接坡口型式采用不对称的窄间隙U形坡口。该发明控制管板的拼焊变形，减少管板毛坯金属耗用量。
发明的公开
本发明的目的在于提出一种操作简单的大型圆筒段焊接方法，通过经验公式计算预留焊接收缩补偿长度和调整焊接顺序，调控焊接收缩变形，在保证焊接质量的前提下，减小环焊缝和纵焊缝的焊接变形，使圆筒段内径的尺寸偏差减小，满足圆筒段的设计要求。
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案如下：一种大型圆筒段的焊接方法，所述大型圆筒段由多块板焊接而成，其特征在于，所述焊接方法依次包括以下步骤：根据大型圆筒预设的内直径Di切割、坡口机加工、沿纵焊缝焊接、并预弯卷制成筒节，板长度L＝(Di+△D+T)*π+S*N，其中△D为直径尺寸公差，T为板厚度，N为纵焊缝数量，S为收缩补偿长度，1.0mm≤S≤2.0mm；可选的，将至少两个筒节组成筒段，并沿环缝进行环焊。
优选地，所述板厚度在大于或等于5mm至小于12mm时，先焊接外环缝，再焊接内环缝。
优选地，所述板厚度在大于或等于12mm至小于或等于20mm时，先焊接内环缝，再焊接外环缝，最后再焊接内环缝。
优选地，所述焊接方法为埋弧焊。
优选地，所述收缩补偿长度S优选为1.5mm。
优选地，所述大型圆筒段的材质包括但不限于碳素结构钢、奥氏体不锈钢、低合金结构钢、耐热钢、复合钢、镍基合金、铜基合金。
优选地，所述大型圆筒段的材质优选奥氏体不锈钢。
本发明的有益效果主要体现在：通过经验公式计算预留纵焊缝的焊接收缩补偿长度和调整环焊缝的焊接顺序，调控焊接收缩变形，保证了焊接质量。
(一)本发明操作简便，利用独创的经验公式：板整体长度L＝(Di+△D+T)*π+S*N(其中△D为直径的尺寸公差，T为板厚度，N为纵焊缝数量，S为收缩补偿长度，1.0mm≤S≤2.0mm，优选地，对埋弧焊，S＝1.5mm)调节制备的大型圆筒节的内径，调控纵焊缝的焊接收缩对圆筒节内径的影响。
(二)本发明适用广泛，依据不同的板厚，采用独特的焊接顺序，对环焊缝进行焊接，有效地减小了环焊缝造成的圆筒段内径收缩，保证大型圆筒段焊接后的内径的满足设定尺寸的要求，有效的控制了筒段的内径的尺寸偏差。
附图的简要说明
图1是有环焊缝的圆筒段的结构示意图。
图2是本发明一个实施例的示意图。
1-圆筒段，2-圆筒节，3-纵焊缝，4-环焊缝，5-卷尺测量点，6-环焊缝收缩测量点，7-圆饼状填料,T-板的厚度。
实现本发明的最佳方式
下面结合实施例对本发明的一种大型圆筒的焊接方法进行说明。
环件广泛用于在大型化工、冶金、航天等工业中。其中空气分离装置中的低压塔、中压塔、高压塔等分馏塔，以及HYCO制氢装置、液氮洗装置、化工装置中的各种吸附塔、分馏塔的筒体等都是常见的大型圆筒状环件。如图1所示，大型圆筒多由多块板焊接而成，板的材质包括但不限于碳素结构钢、奥氏体不锈钢、低合金结构钢、耐热钢、复合钢、镍基合金、铜基合金。按照正常程序，纵焊缝(3)焊接完成后，用卷尺在卷尺测量点(5)测量圆筒节外周长，会发现圆筒节外周长和焊接前的板长相比有所收缩，如果不预留焊接收缩长度，纵焊缝收缩将会减小圆筒的内径；焊接环焊缝后，用卷尺在环焊缝收缩测量点(6)测量圆筒段外周长，会发现焊接收缩将会导致环焊缝(4)附近的瓶颈状变形，局部缩小圆筒段的内径。由于后续制备过程中，在分馏塔内需要装入圆饼状填料(7)，因此要求焊接后圆筒段内径均匀。纵焊缝的收缩以及环焊缝附近的瓶颈状收缩变形使得圆筒段内径难以控制且不均匀，将对圆饼状填料(7)在分馏塔内的安装造成困难。因此，需要对变形进行校正,但会造成不必要的工时损失,降低生产效率。由于焊接应力和变形问题的复杂性，在工程实践中往往采用试验测试与理论分析和数值计算相结合的方法来掌握其规律，以期能达到预测控制和调整焊接应力与变形的目的。
本实施例中的一种大型圆筒段的焊接方法，可有效地调控纵焊缝和环焊缝的收缩，制备出内径均匀的环件。如图2所示，大型圆筒状环件(1)的预设内径Di+△D为4900mm，圆筒段的高度为4000mm，厚度T为14mm，其中△D为直径尺寸公差，由筒体在实际应用中所能允许的误差决定，其范围一般从一毫米到十几毫米，当筒体中放置圆饼形填料时，△D由筒体内径和筒内 待装的圆饼形填料的可允许尺寸差决定。待卷制的钢板材料是S30408，T为板厚度14mm，根据所得到的每块钢板的最大长度尺寸＝8000mm，最大宽度尺寸2000mm，可知成品圆筒状环件由两个筒节(2)组成，每个筒节(2)有2条纵焊缝(3)，整个成品圆筒状环件还包含1条环焊缝(4)。如无收缩补偿长度，则根据整体板长度L＝(Di+△D+T)*π＝15438mm，π＝3.1415926，每个筒节二块钢板尺寸分别可为长度8000X宽度2000mm，和长度7438mm(经切割后)X宽度2000mm。先用埋弧焊焊接纵焊缝(3)，埋弧焊焊接参数是电流400-600A、电压35.5V、速度60-70cm/min，然后预弯和卷制，再用上述同样的焊接参数埋弧焊焊接第2条纵焊缝(3)。焊接完成后，通过测量并比较焊接前两块板的长度之和L与焊接后圆筒节的外周长(5)，可发现每条纵焊缝(3)收缩约为1.5mm。
而根据独创的经验公式，整体板长度L＝(Di+△D+T)*π+S*N，π＝3.1415926；N为纵焊缝数量；S为收缩补偿长度，此处S＝1.5mm。将N＝2代入上述经验公式，即可得出整体板长度L＝15441mm。比如此处每个筒节二块钢板尺寸分别可为长度8000X宽度2000mm，和长度7441mm(经切割后)X宽度2000mm。后续工序和上述一致。焊接完成后，通过测量焊接后圆筒节的外周长(5)。发现切割时预留的收缩补偿长度S为1.5mm*N(N为纵焊缝数量)可以抵消这些纵焊缝的焊接收缩。经此收缩补偿后焊接的圆筒节的实际内径与预设内径Di的差别在直径尺寸公差△D之内，符合安装要求。根据板材的厚度决定焊接前是否需要做坡口处理，具体详见国家标准GB/T985.2-2008《埋弧焊的推荐坡口》。奥氏体不锈钢的化学成分详见国家标准GB 24511-2009《承压设备用不锈钢钢板及钢带》。
将两个筒节组成筒段时，需要沿环焊缝进行焊接，对于不同厚度的板，原先焊接环焊缝的顺序都是先焊内环缝，一般为一道或两道；再焊外环缝，一般为一道，由内向外依次进行。本发明中环焊缝的焊接顺序在板厚度在5-12mm时(不含12mm)，钢板待焊接侧不必加工成V形坡口，为先焊接一道外环缝，再焊接一道内环缝；当板厚度在12-20mm时，需要在钢板待焊接侧加工V形坡口，先焊接内环缝，再焊接外环缝，最后再焊接内环缝。本实施例中，焊接环缝(4)时，由于板厚度T为14mm，需要在钢板待焊接侧加工成V形坡口，焊接顺序采用先焊接内环缝第一道，但不焊满，电流400-430A、 电压35.5V、速度65-70cm/min，再焊接一道外环缝，电流570-600A、电压35.5V、速度60-70cm/min，最后再焊接内环缝第二道，电流550-570A、电压35.5V、速度60-70cm/min，使之完全焊满。在环焊缝收缩测量点(6)测量由于环焊缝收缩造成的此部位圆筒段外周长损失仅为1mm，有效地控制了环焊缝的收缩，保证了圆筒内径的尺寸均匀度。同样的埋弧焊条件下，若用原先的由内而外的环焊顺序，对于14mm厚度的板，在环焊缝收缩测量点测出由于环焊缝收缩造成的圆筒段外周长损失约为11mm。
以上所述，仅是本发明的较佳实施例，并非对本发明所作任何限制，凡是根据本发明技术实质对以上实施所作的任何简单修改，变更以及等效结构变化，均仍属于本发明技术方案的保护范围内。同时，本说明书中所引用的如“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”及“一”等的用语，亦仅为便于叙述的明了，而非用以限定本发明可实施的范围，其相对关系的改变或调整，在无实质变更技术内容下，当亦视为本发明可实施的范畴。

Claims (7)

  1. 一种大型圆筒段的焊接方法，所述大型圆筒段由多块板焊接而成，其特征在于，所述焊接方法依次包括以下步骤：
    a)根据大型圆筒预设的内直径Di切割、坡口机加工、沿纵焊缝焊接、并预弯、卷制成筒节，板长度L＝(Di+△D+T)*π+S*N，其中△D为直径尺寸公差，T为板厚度，N为纵焊缝数量，S为收缩补偿长度，1.0mm≤S≤2.0mm；
    b)可选的，将至少两个筒节组成筒段，并沿环缝进行环焊。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的焊接方法，其特征在于，所述板厚度在大于或等于5mm至小于12mm时，先焊接外环缝，再焊接内环缝。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的焊接方法，其特征在于，所述板厚度在大于或等于12mm至小于或等于20mm时，先焊接内环缝，再焊接外环缝，最后再焊接内环缝。
  4. 根据权利要求1-3中的任一所述的焊接方法，其特征在于，所述焊接方法为埋弧焊。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的焊接方法，其特征在于，所述收缩补偿长度S优选为1.5mm。
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的焊接方法，其特征在于，所述大型圆筒段的材质包括但不限于碳素结构钢、奥氏体不锈钢、低合金结构钢、耐热钢、复合钢、镍基合金、铜基合金。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的焊接方法，其特征在于，所述大型圆筒段的材质优选奥氏体不锈钢。
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