WO2006001071A1 - 分布型光ファイバセンサ - Google Patents
分布型光ファイバセンサ Download PDFInfo
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- WO2006001071A1 WO2006001071A1 PCT/JP2004/009352 JP2004009352W WO2006001071A1 WO 2006001071 A1 WO2006001071 A1 WO 2006001071A1 JP 2004009352 W JP2004009352 W JP 2004009352W WO 2006001071 A1 WO2006001071 A1 WO 2006001071A1
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- light
- optical fiber
- brillouin
- detection
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
- G01L1/24—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations of optical properties of material when it is stressed, e.g. by photoelastic stress analysis using infrared, visible light, ultraviolet
- G01L1/242—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations of optical properties of material when it is stressed, e.g. by photoelastic stress analysis using infrared, visible light, ultraviolet the material being an optical fibre
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/16—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge
- G01B11/18—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge using photoelastic elements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
- G01D5/26—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
- G01D5/32—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light
- G01D5/34—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells
- G01D5/353—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre
- G01D5/35338—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using other arrangements than interferometer arrangements
- G01D5/35354—Sensor working in reflection
- G01D5/35358—Sensor working in reflection using backscattering to detect the measured quantity
- G01D5/35364—Sensor working in reflection using backscattering to detect the measured quantity using inelastic backscattering to detect the measured quantity, e.g. using Brillouin or Raman backscattering
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K11/00—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00
- G01K11/32—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00 using changes in transmittance, scattering or luminescence in optical fibres
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a distributed optical fiber sensor that uses an optical fiber as a sensor and can measure strain and / or temperature with a high spatial resolution in the longitudinal direction. Background leakage
- One method for measuring the total strain is based on the Brillouin separation L ⁇ that occurs in optical fibers.
- the optical fiber is used as a medium for detecting strain and / or in the distance where the telescope fiber is placed.
- Brillouin Li Li gland when two pieces of different circumferences pass in the optical fiber, the power moves from high I circumference light to low L, circumference light via acoustic phonons in the optical fiber. It is a phenomenon.
- the moving power is approximately proportional to the Brillouin gain spectrum B Sg (yd) defined by Equation 1.
- BSg (yd) 1 / (1 + (2 d-ub) / Ai / b) 2 ) ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ Equation 1
- b is the Brillouin frequency shift and is the Brillouin gain linewidth (half value)
- the Brillouin frequency shift b is given by Equation 2.
- n va / ⁇ ⁇ 'Equation 2 where n is the refractive index of the optical fino, va is the speed of sound in the optical fiber, and ⁇ is the wavelength of light incident on the optical fiber. is there.
- the strain and / or temperature can be measured by measuring the Brillouin shift shift b.
- the Brillouin gain spectrum in each part of the optical fiber is measured separately. You can measure it. And in order to ensure high spatial resolution, the length of this part is shortened ⁇ .
- FIG. 24 is a diagram showing the configuration of the distributed optical fiber sensor and the probe light according to the background art.
- FIG. 24 (A) is a block diagram showing the configuration of the distributed fino sensor according to the background 3 ⁇ 4 operation
- FIG. 24 (B) is a diagram showing the first probe light
- FIG. FIG. 4C is a diagram showing the second probe light.
- Figure 25 shows the Brillouin's loss Z gain spectrum. The horizontal axis in Figure 25 is the grace period, and the vertical axis is the loss / gain.
- the distributed optical fiber sensor 5 0 0 is a probe source 5 0 1, an optical power bra 5 0 2, a detection optical fiber 5 0 3, and a pump; 4 and a detector 5 0 5 are provided.
- Probe ⁇ at; 5 0 1 emits the pulsed pulse shown in Fig. 2 4 (B) and emits this ⁇ g as the probe beam.
- Probe light emitted from the probe source 5 0 1 is incident on one end of the detection optical fiber 5 0 3 through the optical power bra 5 0 2.
- the optical fiber for detection '503 is an optical fiber for detecting strain and wrinkles or temperature in the environment in which it is placed, and is used as a sensor.
- the pump 1 6 source 5 0 4 emits continuous light having a frequency lower than that of the probe light, and emits this continuous light 1 C (CW light) as pump light.
- the pump light emitted from the pump source 50 4 is incident on the other end of the detection optical fiber 50 3.
- the probe light and the pump light cause the Brillouin scattering Li appearance, and the light related to this Brillouin scattering phenomenon is detected by the detector 5 0 5 via the optical power bra 5 0 2.
- the detector 50 measures the light intensity of light related to the Brillouin scattering phenomenon in the time domain.
- the distributed fiber optic sensor 50 0 measures the light intensity of the Brillouin separation Li ⁇ in each time zone while the pump ⁇ changes the circumference of the probe light sequentially.
- 0 3 Obtain the Brillouin Gain 'spectrum BS g (Le d) of each part along the SK ⁇ direction, and calculate the strain distribution and / or ⁇ Jt distribution along the detection optical fiber 5 0 3 respectively.
- the method of obtaining the distortion and Z or temperature from the Brillouin gain spectrum B Sg (re d) has been described.
- the Brillouin can be obtained by making the pump light circulation higher than the probe light circumference.
- ⁇ Distortion and Z or ⁇ can be obtained in the same way by using Brillouin's loss vector BSI (Le d) instead of gain spectrum B Sg (d).
- the spatial resolution of this distributed optical fino sensor 500 is limited by the width of the pulse used for measurement. In other words, the velocity of light in the optical fiber is v g [m / s], and the pulse width is 3 tA with Tp [s].
- the spatial resolution ⁇ ⁇ is v g Tp / 2 [m].
- the speed of light in the optical fiber varies slightly depending on the material of the optical fiber, it is usually used in the “typical optical phino, Brillouin gain spectrum BSg (yd) or Prillouin loss, spe Kutor BSI (yd) (hereinafter abbreviated as “Brillouin Loss / Gain, Spectrum BSI / g (Le d)”) is a Loren curve (up to 30 ns). Lorentzain curve) (curve a) shown in Fig.
- the incident light of the predetermined light As 2 is incident on the detection optical fiber 503 while the weak light intensity Cs 2 association (leakage light) is incident on the detection optical fiber 503.
- the Brillouin-loss / gain 'spectrum BSI / g (d) has a sharp peak at an approximate center frequency where the center circumference can be clearly recognized. It is known that distortion and / or wrinkles can be measured at high spatial resolution in degrees because of the curve.
- the Lorentz curve is expressed as one IS in Equation 3 of the Lorentz function g (x).
- the light intensity Cs 2 of the leaked light Cs 2 depends on the length of the detection optical fiber, it must be finely adjusted manually according to the fiber length of the detection optical fiber for each measurement. There was a point. For this reason, even though the distributed fiber optic sensor is an industrial product, the user has to perform this difficult manual adjustment, which has hindered the commercialization of the distributed optical fiber sensor.
- the distributed optical fiber sensor related to the background when the strain is evenly distributed over a wide range (for example, 25 times or more of the spatial resolution), a small strain of 200 S or less is included. It was difficult to detect.
- the present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and such a gland is clarified by analysis. Based on the analysis result, the fiber length of the detection optical fiber is adjusted.
- the purpose of this is to create a distributed optical fino sensor that allows manual adjustment of the light intensity of leakage light. Then, when the strain is evenly distributed over a wide range, the purpose is to share a distributed optical fiber sensor capable of detecting a minute strain of 200 ⁇ or less. Disclosure of the invention In order to meet the above-mentioned purpose, a distributed optical fiber sensor that measures strain and / or ⁇ using a Brillouin tongue 1 image, which is difficult according to the present invention, increases in light intensity toward the inside.
- the I- Lu 1 light source, the light source that emits the continuous light, and the above-mentioned Lus as the probe light. is incident as the communication ⁇ 1 pump light with the incident, the detection optical fiber Burirua down scattering phenomenon occurs between the probe light and the pumping light, Burirua down Chishita emitted from the detection optical fiber
- the Brillouin Ross spectrum or Brillouin gain spectrum is obtained based on the light related to the Li image, and the detection is performed based on the Brillouin Ross spectrum or Brillouin 'gain' spectrum obtained.
- optical Characterized in that it comprises a pre-Ruan time domain detector that measures resulting distortion and / or to the bar.
- the E-probe light is ⁇ from one end of the detection optical fiber, and the self-pump light is incident from the other end of the detection optical fiber.
- the Brillouin time domain detector obtains a Brillouin-loss spectrum or a Brillouin-gain spectrum based on the light related to the Brillouin scattering gradient emitted from one end of the detection optical fiber.
- the strain and / or temperature generated in the detection optical fiber is measured based on the obtained self-adjusted Brillouin, Ross spectrum, or Brillouin-gain spectrum.
- the probe light is incident from one end of the detection optical fiber, and the pump light is ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ from one end of the detection optical fiber,
- the detection optical fiber transmits the propagating pump light at the other end, and the Brillouin time-domain detector includes a Brillouin scattering beam based on the Brillouin scattering light emitted from one end of the detection optical fiber. Loss spectrum or Brillouin gain spectrum is obtained, and the distortion and the occurrence in the detection optical fiber are calculated based on the obtained Prillouin loss spectrum or Brillouin gain-spectrum. It is characterized by measuring temperature.
- the Brillouin in each region portion of 1 m or less in the direction of the detection optical fiber based on the pump light subjected to the Brillouin scattering light emitted from the detection optical fiber Ross spectrum or Brillouin gain.
- the spectrum is essentially a Lorentzian curve.
- ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 's light source and front tm ⁇ iwu. Continuously emits light with a predetermined line width and a constant light separation.
- a 3 ⁇ 4J control unit that holds ⁇ of the light emitting element substantially constant, and a peripheral control unit that holds the circumference of the light generated by the braided light emitting element substantially constant It is characterized by this.
- the first and second light modulations that modulate the light intensity of the incident light, and 3 ⁇ 4 ⁇ the light that is a predetermined circumference with a narrow line width »m ⁇ ⁇ constant first light ⁇ e
- the first light intensity ⁇ 11 that drives the first light intensity modulator to modulate the light intensity of the incident light, and the second light 5
- the second light intensity modulator is mounted so as to modulate the light intensity of the light incident from the first light 5 daughter so as to leave the continuous light of the light and be removed.
- a second light intensity modulator driving unit is mounted so as to modulate the light intensity of the light incident from the first light 5 daughter so as to leave the continuous light of the light and be removed.
- the staircase ⁇ ) ⁇ ⁇ light source generates the first 1 ⁇ light in which the light intensity is stepped so that the light intensity increases toward the inside.
- the Brillouin Ross Spectral or Brillouin 'Gain' spectrum is obtained based on the memorized first light intensity Jt3 ⁇ 4 and second light 5 daughter, and the Brillouin Ross Spectral or Brillouin obtained is obtained.
- ⁇ Gain ⁇ Strain and Z or ⁇ generated in the optical fiber for detection are measured based on the spectrum.
- the fluorescent Bino has a large distortion
- the Brillouin time domain detector has the stepped shape.
- a self-light pulse is generated by a light source and incident as a probe light on a pre-Eg quasi-optical fiber, and the above-mentioned m3 ⁇ 4-source is made an S-associative light and is incident on a SS ⁇ optical fiber as a pump light.
- ⁇ ⁇ Find the center circumference of the Brillouin loss spectrum or Brillouin gain spectrum based on the light related to the Brillouin scattering phenomenon emitted from the optical fiber.
- the Brillouin loss spectrum or the Brillouin gain-spectrum center circumference is determined as the detection value based on the light related to the Brillouin separation Li gland emitted from the optical fiber.
- the correction value is obtained from the previous BS BS value and the detected value based on the change, and the Brillouin-Loss spectrum or Brillouin-Gain spectrum, and the detection value is calculated based on the calculated 5 correction value. light And measuring the resulting strain and / or temperature Aiba.
- the above-described distributed optical fiber sensor can be used for the detection described above, from the viewpoint that it can detect a very small strain below 200 ⁇ .
- the optical fiber is an optical fino whose Brillouin circumferential shift amount changes periodically.
- the detection optical fiber is fixed to a measurement object to be measured for distortion and / or.
- the light intensity is stepped so that the daughter of light 5 increases toward the inner side.
- Is used for probe light only the limited part in front of the strongest light intensity part, or the limited part in front of the strongest light intensity part and only the limited part of the interference, the background light is leaked.
- the optical intensity staircase ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ° Lussian waveform can be pre-determined ⁇ 3 ⁇ 4, so that the fiber of the detection optical fiber is measured every time as in the background technique.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining Rito analysis of a Brillouin scattering kit according to the present invention.
- Figure 1 is a diagram for explaining Rito analysis of a Brillouin scattering kit according to the present invention.
- FIG. 1 shows a measuring system in the sense Fuji ⁇ Brillouin Chishita Mizo according to the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a diagram (part 1) showing " ⁇ " of the simulation based on the logical solution.
- Fig. 3 is a diagram (part 2) showing ⁇ 5 «of the simulation based on the logical analysis.
- Fig. 5 is a diagram showing a simulation of H2 / (H1 + H3 + H4) with respect to the ratio Prx based on logic analysis.
- this light 5 J floor; ⁇ 1 ⁇ ° Lus 0 Ps (Wi Lus 0 P in front of the continuous leaked light left with a predetermined time width Tf ⁇ .
- Lus forward light Called OPf light intensity P all stages ⁇ ° Lus 0 Ps 1 0 ⁇ Lus 0 P Continuous leaking light left behind for a predetermined time width Tb is called Lus ⁇ Light 0 Pb I will do it.
- the length of the detection optical fiber SOF is defined as the position coordinate of the detection optical fiber SOF in the longitudinal direction z (0 ⁇ z ⁇ , and the origin is one of the detection optical fibers SOF.
- the time coordinate is t
- the equations for Brillouin scattering when the detection optical fiber is distorted are expressed by equations 4 to 6.
- Is" beta 2 [rho is the density of the detection optical fiber, is ⁇ is ( ⁇ X qXq) / (1 6 ⁇ 7 ⁇ ) .
- Equation 4 is an equation related to pump light
- Equation 5 is an equation related to probe light
- Equation 6 is an equation related to the lifetime of acoustic phonon.
- ⁇ is a position in the direction of the detection optical fiber
- s is time.
- cc is a constant
- h (z, s) is ⁇ Xe ⁇ )) at time z at time s
- LL is the total length of the detection optical fiber
- the HI expressed by Equation 8 represents the Brillouin-Ross spectrum based on acoustic phonons excited by the Luth OP and pump light.
- H2 represented by Equation 9 represents a Brillouin-loss spectrum based on acoustic phonon excited by the light pulse forward light 0 Pf and the pump light and further excited by the 0 A relief OP and the pump light.
- ⁇ 3 shown by Equation 10 represents the Brillouin-loss spectrum based on acoustic phonons excited by the light ⁇ ⁇ and the pump light, and further excited by the light forward O Pf and the pump light.
- the H4 expressed by Equation 11 represents a Brillouin loss spectrum based on acoustic phonons excited by the optical pulse forward light OPf and pump light.
- light 3 ⁇ 4JP P ⁇ dan ⁇ ⁇ Lus OPs has a time width of 14 ns, Lus 0
- the horizontal axis of each figure is a circle, and the solid line has a distortion of 100 ⁇ 6 £: 11 ⁇ , and the stone fiber has no distortion.
- Each figure shows the right half because the Brillouin-loss spectrum is symmetrical about the center circumference (frequency at the peak of the Brillouin-loss spectrum) as the central axis. That is, the vertical axis of each figure is the central circumference (is the central axis. From FIG. 2, it can be seen that only the component of ⁇ 2 shows the Brillouin circumferential shift.
- ⁇ 3 and ⁇ 4 are local distortions due to the wide range of energy transfer from the probe light to the pump light.
- HI and ⁇ 2 are local distortions because energy transfer from the probe light to the pump light is performed locally.
- ⁇ 3 is an order of magnitude smaller than the other ⁇ 1, ⁇ 2 and ⁇ 4, and the full width at half maximum of HI extends to about 1 GHz as can be seen from 12 (A).
- H1 is a wide band ⁇ ⁇ curve, making it difficult to find the center circumference.
- Probe light in the present invention is essential to the light intensity Kaikoboshi ⁇ 1 ⁇ Luz O Ps shown to eliminate the need for pre Makoto to respond Ji was adjusted to Faiba length of sensing optical Faiba waveform in FIG. 4 for example is there.
- the continuous leakage light left with a predetermined time width Tf in front of the light OP; the light OP of 3 ⁇ 4tA ° Lus OPs is referred to as the light front light OPf
- the light intensity mm / o Continuous light leaked for a given time span Tb due to interference in PS ⁇ Less op is referred to as false light 0 Pb.
- the waveform of the light intensity Kaikoma ⁇ ° pulse 0 Ps is the time width Tf of the optical pulse front light OP f
- earthenware pots one pulse width (time width) of the pulse OP Tp and Rabbit 1 A Riresu backward light OPb
- the time width T b of the light, and the light 5 daughter P1 of the 3 ⁇ 4 ⁇ ° Lus OP and the light P2 of the ⁇ ⁇ light OPf (the t-less light. P2 of the pb) need to be linked.
- the pulse width ⁇ of 1 ⁇ 0 ⁇ should be 1 0 ns ⁇ Tp> 0 in order to obtain a high spatial resolution of 1 m or less.
- the time width Tb of the Luster fluorescent OPb is Tb and Tf, and the shorter the time width Tb may be 0.
- Prx 1 OX I 0 g (P1 / P2)
- H2 / (H1 + H3 + H4) for Prx was simulated.
- H2 / (H1 + H3 + H4) was calculated using the values of the peaks of H1, H2, H3 and H4.
- Tf of the 3 ⁇ 4 ⁇ light OPf is 11 ns
- Tp of the 3 ⁇ 4 ⁇ light OPf is
- Figure 5 shows the results of a simulation based on logical analysis using an optical staircase of 0 Ps with a time width Tb of 0 ns.
- the horizontal axis in FIG. 5 is the ratio Prx expressed in dB units, and the vertical axis in FIG. 5 is H 2 / (H1 + H3 + H4).
- the detection optical fiber SO F in the simulation has a strain force of 100 At ⁇ at the point of 3.05m, and at the point of 3.05 ⁇ 0.2. Performed simulations assuming that L was not distorted.
- the curve indicating ⁇ 2 / (H1 + H3 + H4) with respect to the ratio Prx is a higher-order curve of a convex dog with a ratio Prx having a peak at a predetermined value.
- H2 / (H1 + H3 + H4) need only be 0.5 or more. By obtaining such a curve, H2 / (H1 + H3 + H4) is 0.
- the ratio Prx range (a ⁇ j; bPrx ⁇ b) that is 5 or more can be obtained, and in order to detect H2 with the highest accuracy, H2 / (H1 + H3 + H4) is the highest value, ie peak
- each time of light P total stage 0 Ps in each of the above ranges Enter the widths T f, Tp, and Tb respectively.
- H2 / (H 1 + H3 + H4) for the ratio P rx defined by Equation 1 2 is simulated based on Equation 8 to Equation 1 1, and H2 / (H 1 +
- the ratio P rx where H3 + H4) is 0.5 or more, especially the ratio P rx where H2 / (HI + H 3+ H4) peaks, is the light intensity step; ⁇ 1 ⁇ ⁇ . It is sufficient to set it to the ratio of the loss P rx.
- the minimum length ⁇ ffl verifiable in the detection optical fiber SOF is obtained from the optical five-daughter staircase OPS with each time width Tf, Tp, Tb.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining the theoretical analysis of the Brillouin scattering phenomenon according to the present invention.
- Figure 2 shows an example of a simulation based on logic analysis (part 1).
- Figure 3 is a diagram (part 2) showing the simulation based on logic analysis.
- Figure 4 shows the waveform of the light intensity staircase.
- Figure 5 shows a simulation of H 2 / (H 1 + H3 + H4) for the ratio P rx based on logic analysis.
- FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing the distribution optical fiber sensor in the first configuration.
- Figure 7 is a block diagram showing the integrity of the staircase tetA light source in the distributed optical fiber sensor.
- Figure 8 is a block diagram showing the integrity of the automatic ⁇ Jt controller in a distributed fiber optic sensor.
- FIG. 9 is a block diagram showing the configuration of an automatic frequency controller in a distributed optical fiber sensor and a diagram for explaining its operating principle.
- Figure ⁇ 0 is a diagram for explaining the generation of stairs ⁇ 5t less.
- FIG. 11 is a block diagram showing a configuration of light intensity polarization adjustment in the distributed optical fiber sensor.
- FIG. 12 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the CW light source in the distributed optical fiber sensor in the first thigh state.
- Figure ⁇ 3 shows the light intensity adjustment in a distributed optical fiber sensor! 3 ⁇ 4 It is a block diagram showing integrity.
- Fig. 14 is a diagram showing the distribution of Lil'an loss / gain spectrum and the Brillouin loss / gain spectrum at distance L1 and distance 2.
- FIG. 15 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the distributed optical fiber sensor in the second actual expanded state.
- FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the CW light source in the distributed optical fiber sensor of the second embodiment.
- Fig. 7 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the distributed fino sensor in the third actual state.
- Fig. 8 is a diagram showing the light intensity staircase “!”, “Lus” and leakage in the fourth actual expanded state.
- FIG. 19 is a diagram showing the operation of the distribution fiber sensor in the fourth actual expanded state.
- FIG. 20 is a block diagram showing a configuration of the distributed optical fiber sensor in the fifth embodiment corresponding to the distributed optical fiber sensor in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 21 is a diagram showing the operation of the distributed optical fiber sensor in the fifth mode.
- Figure 22 shows the frequency error ratio-correction value characteristic I raw curve that represents the correction value for the frequency ratio.
- FIG. 23 is a diagram showing the Brillouin circumferential shift amount in the longitudinal direction of the detection optical fiber.
- Fig. 24 is a diagram showing the probe light of the distributed fiber sensor related to the background sickle.
- Figure 25 shows the Brillouin Loss / Gain spectrum. Best Mode for Carrying Out the Invention J
- the distributed optical fiber sensor injects probe light of stepped pulse light intensity from one end of a detection optical fiber for detecting strain and / or and detects this. If an associative pump light is incident from the other end of the optical fiber, the light related to the Brillouin scattering generated in the detection optical fiber is received, and the Brillouin gain spectrum time region ifl ⁇ B Gain- OTDA Brillouin Gain Optical Time Domain Analys is) or Brillouin Ross Spectral Time Domain Analysis (B L.
- FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing the g of the distributed optical fiber sensor in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 7 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the staircase tA light source in the distributed optical fiber sensor.
- FIG. 8 is a block diagram showing the top of the automatic ⁇ J controller in the distributed optical fiber sensor.
- FIG. 9 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the automatic circumferential controller in the distributed optical fiber sensor and a diagram for explaining the principle of operation thereof.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram for explaining the generation of P everyone.
- FIG. 11 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the light intensity / polarization adjusting unit in the distributed optical fiber sensor.
- Fig. 1 ⁇ is a block diagram showing the difficulties of the CW light source in the ⁇ ⁇ »dynamically distributed optical fine sensor.
- Fig. 13 is a block diagram showing the concealment of the light intensity control in the distributed optical fiber sensor.
- the distribution sdt fino sensor 1 in the first embodiment is
- Light source 1 1, Light power bra 1 2, Light bow ⁇ Polarization 3, Optical circuit 1 4, Optical connector 1 5, Control processing unit 1 6, Brillouin time domain detector 1 7 , A detection optical fiber 8, a CW light source 19, a light intensity bra 20, a light intensity adjustment light 2 1, and an optical connector 2 2.
- Stairs ⁇ ⁇ 6 ⁇ ° light source 1 1 is a light source device that controls the control processing unit 16 and has a light intensity stepped so that the light intensity increases toward the inside. .
- Such 3 ⁇ 4 ⁇ ° Lus appears to be multiplexed with 5 different daughters of light.
- the output (emission terminal) of the light source 1 1 is optically applied to the input terminal (injection terminal) of the optical power ⁇ 2.
- the Rus light source 1 1 includes: »Anti-101, Temperature detection element 1 02, tm ⁇ 03, Optical power bra 1 04, and Fabry-Perot etalon file ( Below Fabry-perotEtalon Filter, abbreviated as “EFJ.” 1 05, 1st element 1 06, 2nd light receiving element 1 07, SJ adjustment element 1 08, automatic controller
- ATC Automatic Temperature Controller
- AFCJ Automatic Frequency Controller
- Reference numeral 101 denotes a frame on which the detecting element 102, the light emitting element 103, the optical power bra 104, EF1 05, the first S3 ⁇ 4 element 106 and the second light receiving eave 110 are placed.
- ⁇ Detection element 102 is placed near element 103 and is a component for detecting the difference of element 103. For example, it is detected when the resistance value changes according to iSt change. It is a thermistor. From the view that the temperature detection element ⁇ 02 can accurately detect the temperature of the light-emitting element 103, 1 ⁇ 101 is made of a metal material (including ⁇ ) with high heat transfer ⁇ such as aluminum or copper. Preferably there is. Further, it is preferable that the fiber 10 has a large heat capacity so as to reduce the change.
- the adjusting element 108 is a component that adjusts the temperature of the substrate 10 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ by generating and absorbing heat.
- the adjusting element 108 is a thermal element of a Peltier element. In this actual expanded state, Peltier eaves in which P-type and N-type thermoelectric semiconductors are soldered to copper electrodes are used, and this Peltier is opposite to the surface of the substrate 101 on which the light-emitting element 103 is placed. The elements are arranged in close contact.
- the ATC 109 is a circuit that automatically controls the temperature of the basic 101 to a predetermined temperature by controlling the ⁇ J adjusting element ⁇ 08 based on the detection output of the detection element 102.
- the ATC 109 is supplied with the detection output of the detection element 102 and the reference voltage Vrefl from the control processing unit 16 and outputs a difference between them.
- An integrating circuit 202 for example, comprising a low-pass filter circuit to which the output is input, and a differential circuit comprising, for example, a high-pass filter circuit, to which the output is input, of the amplifier 201
- the proportional circuit 2 0 4 that inputs the output of the circuit 2 0 3, the integration output of the integration circuit 2 0 2, and the differentiation output of the differentiation circuit 2 0 3, and the proportional output thereof, and the plus and minus outputs of the proportional circuit 2 0 4
- the amplifiers 2 0 5 and 2 0 6 that obtain the output for driving the regulator driver 20 7 and the bridge that generates the drive ⁇ for the temperature regulator 1 0 8 according to the proportional output of the proportional circuit 2 0 4
- an adjustment eave driver 2 0 7 composed of a circuit.
- the ATC 10 9 is configured to perform PID control of the J adjustment element ⁇ 0 8 based on the detection output of the detection element 10 2.
- the reference voltage Vrefl is set to the same value as the detection output of the detection eave 10 2 at 3 ⁇ 4
- the ATC 1 0 9 has the adjustment element 1 0 8 so that the adjustment eave 1 0 8 absorbs heat when the distance 1 0 1 is higher than the predetermined value ⁇ 1.
- the adjusting element ⁇ 0 8 is slid so that the adjusting element 1 0 8 3 ⁇ 4i.
- This actual expansion ITT is +1.4 A electricity when heat is absorbed by the Peltier element, which is ⁇ Jt adjustment element ⁇ 0 8; 3 ⁇ 4 ⁇ ' .
- Si anti- 10 1 is automatically maintained at a predetermined value.
- mt-0 3 is also automatically held constant at the predetermined ⁇ . For this reason, the SJ dependency is suppressed even though the light intensity of the light emitted from the element 103 is dependent.
- the predetermined is the image to be oscillated f
- the proportional output of the proportional circuit 204 is analog / digital converted and output to the control processing unit 16 in order to monitor the stability of the fiber 10 1.
- element 103 is an element that can oscillate the oscillation wavelength (oscillation frequency by changing the element ⁇ and the drive as well as illuminating a predetermined light with a narrow line width.
- it is a tunable semiconductor laser (circumference tunable semiconductor laser 1 ) such as a large volume it ⁇ DFB laser and a skin-distributed Bragg reflection laser, etc.
- the delay of the laser light emitted by the frequency tunable semiconductor laser is
- the ATC 1 0 9 is automatically set to the si-constant value, so the ⁇ j dependency of the detection is suppressed, and the m-tunable semiconductor laser is It can be changed stably.
- the optical power ⁇ 0 4 is an optical component that divides incident light into two light beams and emits the light, and is a beam splitter such as a half mirror.
- EF 1 0 5 is a period with a periodic 3 ⁇ 411 wave number characteristic I (periodic scabbard) where the daughter changes periodically according to the change of the circumference «(wavelength). Periodic filter.
- the FSR (Free Spectral Range) of EF1 05 is 1 OO GHz in this embodiment.
- the first and second light receiving eaves 106 and 107 are photoelectric photoelectric cranes that generate according to the light 3 ⁇ 4Jg of the received light, and convert the generated ⁇ to 3 ⁇ 4 ⁇ and output it. ⁇ Be equipped with diodes and ⁇ ®5 fixtures.
- the light emitted from the front and the front of Heniko 1 03 is ⁇ ⁇ to the first light ⁇ II device 1 1 1 and light power bra 104 respectively. .
- 03 The light incident on the optical power bra 104 is distributed into two by the optical power bra 104 at a predetermined distribution lt, and one of the distributed light is incident on the second third element 107, The other distributed light is incident on the first light receiving element 106 through the EF1 05.
- the first and second light receiving elements 106, 107 are incident light 5 according to the daughter. Is output to A FC1 1 0 as ⁇ t output.
- AFC1 1 0 controls the element 1 03 based on the light reception outputs P Dvl and P Dv2 of the first and second elements 1 06 and 1 07, thereby determining the frequency of light that the element 1 03! It is a circuit that automatically keeps the constant "" around.
- AFC1 10 amplifies the output 21v of the first light receiving element 106 and the light receiving output PDv2 of the second light receiving element 107.
- the amplifier 21 7 and the output of the amplifier 214 ⁇ !, the output and the reference voltage Vref 3 from the control processing unit 16 are input
- the above-mentioned split calculation power PD v1 / P Dv2 is obtained by calculating the light intensity (light receiving output PDv1) of the light received from the light emitting element 103 through the periodic EF1 05 having the characteristics from the light emitting element 103. Since this value is divided by the light intensity of the directly received light (light reception output PDv2), the curve c shown in Fig. 9 (B) As shown, the frequency changes periodically according to the change in frequency according to the FSR of EF 105.
- the point on curve c corresponding to the light source ef 0 that 03 should oscillate (that is, the light circumference «f 0 that the light source 103 should perform) is taken as the lock point, and the calculation power P Dvl / P
- the value of Dv2 is the mouth-point value LP 0.
- the harm output PDv1 / PDv2 will be larger than the lock point value LP 0. Conversely, if it is lower than the revolving frequency f 0, the split calculation power PD v1 / PD v2 will be the mouth point value. It becomes smaller than LP 0.
- AFC1 10 is used when the split calculation power PD vlZ PDv2 is higher than the lock point value LP 0 , when the light intensity of the light emitting element 103 is higher and the steel plate f 0 to be oscillated is higher. So there is a light emitting element ⁇ 03 so that the perimeter of light falls!
- the above-mentioned reference 3 ⁇ 4EVref3 expresses the same value as the split calculation force PDv1 / PDv2 when the light circumference of the 3 ⁇ 4 ⁇ child 103 is frustrated by the steel plate f 0 to oscillate is, element, above referenced 3 ⁇ 4 £ EVref2 are reference 3 ⁇ 4E for performing ISei, reference 3 ⁇ 4EVref2 is saying to more accurately match the lock point value L [rho 0.
- This reference 3 ⁇ 4EV ref2, Vref3 as is set to be in the mouth Kkupointo value LP 0 circumference of the light Uma ⁇ in «is issued 3 ⁇ 4ll should oscillation» (f 0 of the element 103.
- AFC1 10 causes the light frequency ⁇ of the light emitting eave 103 to deviate from the ⁇ wave number f 0 to be oscillated. If this occurs, the light emitting element 103 can be used to eliminate this deviation.
- the AFC 110 since a peripheral variable semiconductor laser is used for the negative element 03, the AFC 110 adjusts the injection according to the deviation from the proposed wave number f 0 to oscillate. It is automatically possible to “laser light at a predetermined frequency f 0 held constant”. For this reason, the optical power bra 10 04, EF 10 05, the first and second light receiving elements 10 06, 10 07 and A
- the F C I 10 constitutes a so-called wavelength locker that substantially fixes the wavelength of light emitted by the I ⁇ element 10 3.
- the first and second optical modulators ⁇ 1 1 ⁇ 3 are optical components that modulate the light intensity of incident light, and are abbreviated as, for example, a Mach-Zenter optical modulator (hereinafter referred to as ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ). ) And semiconductor electric field absorption optical modulators.
- the ⁇ 1 ⁇ in this different mode cannot propagate through the optical waveguide, so the light is intensive.
- the MZ optical modulator modulates the light intensity of the incident light in the process of electrical signal—refractive index change ⁇ ⁇ phase change ⁇ change. 3 ⁇ 4 ⁇ Academic instruments using academic effects as well as academic effects , Acousto-optic modulators using the acousto-optic effect and Franz Electro-absorption light modulation using the Franz-Keldysh effect and quantum-confined Stark effect There are also containers.
- the first and second light 5 daughters 1 1 2 and 1 1 4 are controlled by the control processing unit 16, respectively, and the first and second light intensity modulators 1 1 K 1 1 3
- the control processing unit 16 controls the first and second light intensity modulators 1 1 K 1 1 3
- an eight-less generator circuit that generates an E pulse to be applied to the first and second optical intensity modulators 1 1 K 1 1 3 and a timing generator that controls the generation timing of the eight-res Circuit and To be sincere.
- This 3E pulse corresponds to the above-described electrical signal when the first and second optical five daughters 1 1 1 and 1 1 3 are MZ optical modulators.
- FIG. 10 (A) is a diagram showing the output light of element 10 03 (position of arrow A shown in Fig. 7), and Fig. 10 (B) is the first optical 5 ⁇ modulator 1 1 1 1
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing output light (position of arrow B shown in FIG. 7), and FIG. 10 (C) is output light of the second light intensity modulator 11 13, that is, a stage. It is a figure which shows the output light (position of the arrow C shown in FIG. 7) of the Rus light source ⁇ 1.
- the idea element ⁇ 0 3 has a predetermined line width f 0 with a narrow line width of 18 ⁇ ⁇ constant by AFC 110 based on the control of the control processing unit 16.
- Light ⁇ J PI light CW 0 is continuously emitted and emitted.
- the series cw 0 emitted by the P ⁇ element 10 3 is incident on the first light intensity modulator 1 1 1.
- the optical 5-daughter modulator is normally off, and generates an optical pulse shown in FIG. 24 (B) by turning on and off at a predetermined timing.
- the light intensity modulator is a MAT8 ententer optical modulator ⁇ "
- off the light propagating through the first waveguide arm and the second waveguide This is realized by setting the phase difference with the light propagating through the arm to 1800 degrees.
- On is achieved by aligning the phases of the light propagating through the first waveguide arm and the light propagating through the second waveguide arm. Realized.
- the first light intensity modulator 1 1 1 in the main weave form is mmxn
- 3 ⁇ 4J P2 is the ⁇ ⁇ °° forward light OP f and in Fig. 1 and Fig. 4.
- the light is a Mach-Zenta type optical modulator: In the first light, the set-up 1 1 2 is applied to the first and second recommended arms of the Mach-Zenta type optical modulator.
- the light propagating through the first recommended arm Adjusts the phase difference between the light propagating through the first conducting arm and the light propagating through the second conducting arm so that the phase of the light propagating through the two conducting arms is aligned, and at the timing ⁇ 2, the normal light intensity is ⁇ 2.
- the light with the waveform shown in Fig. ⁇ 0 ( ⁇ ) consisting of continuous leakage light CWL and ⁇ ⁇ ° L ⁇ ⁇ enters the second light intensity modulator 1 1 1 to the second light intensity modulator 1 1 3 Is done.
- Fig. ⁇ 0 ( ⁇ ) consisting of continuous leakage light CWL and ⁇ ⁇ ° L ⁇ ⁇ enters the second light intensity modulator 1 1 1 to the second light intensity modulator 1 1 3 Is done.
- the second light intensity modulator 1 1 3 is normally off in the!: Machine so that it turns on at timing ⁇ 3 and returns to the normal state off at timing ⁇ 4. It is driven by the second light intensity modulator driving unit 1 1 4 based on the control of the control processing unit 16. In this way, the second light intensity modulator 1 1 1 is mounted by the second light intensity modulator driver 1 1 4, so that the first light intensity modulator 1 1 1 to the second light intensity modulator 1 1 3
- the light of the waveform shown in FIG. 10 (B) incident on the light is modulated (turned off) to light intensity 0 until timing T3, and is left unmodulated from timing T3 to timing T4, and again from timing T4. Hikari 5 Daughter is beaten by 0 (turned off).
- the second optical intensity modulator 1 13 is driven by the second optical section 11 14 in this way, so that the second light intensity modulator 1 13 is connected to the light 3 ⁇ 4JP2 only in front of ⁇ ° Lus ⁇ ⁇ .
- Leakage light 0 P f OtA Rus forward light OP f) Leaves f
- the second light S daughter modulator 1 1 3 has a light intensity P2 t / ° of light intensity P1 greater than the light intensity P2 in the light intensity P2 ⁇ / less.
- this light intensity step 3 ⁇ 4tA Lus 0 light forward light at 0 Ps 0 P f time width T f, ⁇ ° Rus 0 P time width Tp and the ratio P rx defined by Equation 12 is It will be done.
- the time width Tf of the forward light OP f is set to 5 ns, 10 ns, 15 ns, 20 ns, etc., for example. Also, 3 ⁇ 4 ⁇ .
- the pulse width Tp of the Rus OP is less than 10 ns in order to obtain a high spatial resolution of less than ⁇ m, but the Brillouin circulation shift at a certain position of the detection optical fiber ⁇ 8 From this view, it is possible to suppress the mixing of the Brillouin shift around this certain position. It is preferable to match the gain-spectrum BSI / g (yd) with the sampling time interval in i3 ⁇ 4 measured by the Brillouin time domain detector 17. This actual expansion ⁇ is the pulse width Tp of 3 ⁇ 4A ° Lus ⁇ To 5ns, 2ns and 1ns.
- the ratio Prx is obtained by simulating H2 / (H1 + H3 + H4) with respect to the ratio Prx based on the equations 8 to 11 and Ti based on the result of the simulation.
- the ratio Prx is to detect distortion and / or with high accuracy and high spatial resolution even if the value of the ratio Prx is such that the H2Z (H1 + H3 + H4) value in the simulation result is 0.5 or more. Can do.
- the ratio Prx is about 1 5 8 to about 27 € 18 In order to get the value between, and about the most complete Lorentz curve, it is set to about 21 d ⁇ .
- the optical amplifier 1 1 5 which amplifies the light to compensate for the loss of the first optical intensity modulator 1 1 1 and the second optical intensity modulator 1 1 3 ⁇ ; You may arrange on the avoidance of 2. In particular, the nature of noise: ⁇ First light intensity modulator 1 1 1 and second light intensity modulator 1 1 as shown by the broken line in Fig. 7 from the viewpoint of amplification while light emission (ASE, Amplifier Spontaneous Emission) is small It is preferable to arrange it on the ridge between 3.
- the optical amplifier 1 15 is, for example, an optical fiber amplifier or a semiconductor optical amplifier having a gain with respect to the circumference of light emitted from the element 103.
- the optical fiber amplifier is composed of rare earth it elements such as erbium (element symbol; E r), neodymium (element symbol; N d), placer Zu (element symbol; Pr) and thulium (element symbol; Tm).
- optical fiber amplifiers and Raman-amplified optical fiber 'amplifiers' using Raman amplification are optical fiber amplifiers and Raman-amplified optical fiber 'amplifiers' using Raman amplification.
- optical power bras 1 2 and 22 are optical components that divide incident light into two light beams and emit them.
- Fiber optical fiber type ⁇ , Yamakichi ⁇ !, optical waveguide type optical spectrum ⁇ , etc. can be used.
- One output terminal of optical power bra 1 2 is optical 5 daughter, polarization adjuster ⁇ Optically disliked by input terminal 3 ⁇ output terminal is connected to first input terminal of Brillouin time domain detector 17 Optically tricked.
- the light beam polarization adjustment I 3 is a part that is controlled by the control processing unit 16 and adjusts the light separation of the light and emits it by randomly changing the polarization plane of the incident light.
- the output of the light intensity / polarization adjustment unit 1 3 is optically input to the first terminal of the optical circuit 14.
- the light intensity 'polarization adjustment 3' includes, for example, an optical variable attenuator 1 2 1 and a polarization controller 1 2 2 as shown in FIG.
- the variable optical attenuator 1 2 1 is an optical component that can emit and attenuate the light intensity of incident light and change the attenuation.
- the variable optical weaving 1 2 1 an attenuation disk is inserted between the incident light and the emitted light, and a metal film whose thickness is continuously changed in the rotation direction is deposited on the surface of the attenuation disk.
- variable optical attenuator that adjusts the attenuation by rotating the attenuation disk, and a magnetic crystal between the incident light and the emitted light, and a polarizer on the exit side of the magnetic crystal. It is possible to use optical variable weaving that adjusts the attenuation by applying a magnetic field to the crystal and changing the magnetic strength.
- the polarization controller 1 2 2 is an optical component that emits light by changing the polarization plane of incident light at random.
- the incident light incident on the light polarization adjustment unit 1 3 is adjusted to a predetermined light intensity by the control processing unit 16 with the optical variable attenuator ⁇ 2 ⁇ and is incident on the polarization controller 1 2 2.
- the polarization plane is changed randomly by the polarization controller 1 2 2 and emitted.
- the optical circuit 14 is a first to third optical circuit, and is an irreversible optical component in which incident light and outgoing light have a cyclic relationship with their terminal numbers. That is, the light incident on the first is emitted from the second terminal and from the third terminal (the light that is not emitted from the first terminal is emitted from the third terminal and is emitted from the first terminal. (Not acknowledged, the light incident on the third is emitted from the first terminal and not from the second terminal.
- the optical connectors 15 and 2 are connected between optical fibers or between optical components and optical fibers.
- the second terminal of the optical circuit 14 is optically connected to one end of the optical fiber 18 for detection via the optical connector 15 and is connected to the optical circuit.
- the third terminal of 14 is optically connected to the third input of the Brillouin time domain detector 17.
- the CW light source 19 is a device that is controlled by the control processing unit 16 and has an associative CWp, 1 with a light intensity ranging from 1 to a predetermined range fr.
- the CW light source 1 9 includes a substrate 1 3 1, ⁇ detection element 1 3 2, light emitting element 1 3 3, light power bra 1 3 4, £ 1 3 5 And the first light receiving element 1 3 6, the second light receiving element 1 3 7, the ⁇ adjusting element 1 3 8, the ATC 1 3 9, and the AFC 1 4 0, and leakage. That is, the CW light source 19 needs to emit light in a predetermined frequency range fr! ⁇ "" A constant series ⁇ CWpumpl should be emitted.
- the distributed optical fiber sensor ⁇ in this difficult form is fixed with a steep fiber f 0 of probe light and a continuous light CWpumpl of pump light with a predetermined circumference «
- the Brillouin loss / gain spectrum BSI / g ( ⁇ ) is measured by scanning, and the Brillouin frequency shift b is measured.
- the predetermined frequency range fr is 4 GHz
- the lockboyin value corresponding to f L below this predetermined circumference »range fr and LPL when the lock point Bok value corresponding on wavenumber fu of the predetermined circumferential «range lock point value LPU, lock point value LP 0 is to be changed in the range of L PL ⁇ LP 0 ⁇ LPu Become.
- the output of the CW light source 19 is optically input to the input terminal of the optical power bra 20.
- One output of the optical power bra 20 is optically is ⁇ to the input terminal of the optical intensity adjustment unit 21, and the other output terminal is ⁇ optically to the second input terminal of the Brillouin time domain detector meter 1 7 .
- the light intensity adjusting unit 21 is a component that is controlled by the control processing unit 16 and adjusts the light intensity of the incident light to be emitted.
- the output terminal of the optical 5 daughter adjustment 21 is optically connected to the other end of the detection optical fiber 18 via the optical connector 22.
- the optical 5 daughter adjustment unit 21 is provided with, for example, an optical variable fabric 15 1 and an optical isolation 15 2 as shown in FIG.
- the variable optical attenuator ⁇ 51 is an optical component that attenuates the light intensity of the incident light and emits it in the same manner as the variable optical attenuator 1 2 1.
- the optical isolator 1 5 2 is an optical component that emits light only in one direction from the input ⁇ ? To the output terminal.
- a Faraday rotator is placed between two CD polarizers that are 45 degrees apart. It's possible to compose it.
- the optical isolator ⁇ 5 2 prevents the propagation of reflected light generated by each optical component in the distributed optical fiber sensor ⁇ [%: prevents propagation of reflected light to the cw light source 19] 3 ⁇ 4 j . e mm ⁇
- the incident light 1 e incident on 21 is adjusted to a predetermined light separation by the variable optical attenuator 15 1 and emitted through the optical isolator 15 2.
- the pump light propagated through the detection optical fiber 18 enters the Brillouin time domain detector 17 through the optical connector 15 and the optical circuit 14 so that the light intensity “polarization adjustment a It is not incident on 1.
- the pump light intensity 'and polarization adjustment unit 1 3 stairs ⁇
- the detection optical fiber ⁇ 8 is an optical fiber for a sensor that detects strain and / or ⁇ Jt. Probe light is incident from one end, pump is incident from the other end, and Brillouin scattering is eliminated. Received probe and pump are emitted from the other end and one end, respectively.
- the detection optical fiber 18 is fixed to the measurement object. It can be measured.
- the control processing unit 16 increases the strain and / or temperature distribution of the detection optical fiber 18 in the longitudinal direction of the detection optical fiber 18 by inputting and outputting signals to and from the Brillouin time domain detector 17. P everyone; ⁇ / less light source 1 light intensity 'polarization an
- Electronic circuit for controlling CW light source 19 and light intensity adjustment 21 For example, microprocessor, working memory, and reference for ATC 1 0 9 3 ⁇ 4EV ref1, reference for AFC 1 1 0 3 ⁇ 4EV ref2 , V ref3, ATC ⁇ 39 Reference voltage for TOV ref1, AFC 14 0 Reference voltage V ref2, V ref3, Timing ⁇ 1, ⁇ 2, ⁇ 3, ⁇ 4, Ratio P rx, etc.
- the Brillouin time domain detector 17 controls each part of the distributed Sdt Fino sensor 1 and detects the light related to the Brillouin scattering phenomenon received at a predetermined sampling interval for detection in the longitudinal direction of the optical fiber 18 Obtain the Brillouin-mouth / gain 'spectrum BSI / g (yd) of each region of the optical fiber 18 and calculate the Brillouin loss / gain spectrum BS l / g (re d ) To determine the Brillouin circumference shift b for ⁇ t
- the Brillouin time region detector 17 stores the above-mentioned ratio P rx obtained by the Lorentz curve s.
- Lus light source 1 Light emitted by ⁇ 3 ⁇ 4Jt step; ⁇ ⁇ ° Lus Detects the light intensity of O Ps, light 5 daughter step ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ° Lus.
- the control processor 16 is notified so that P 1Z ⁇ 2 of P s becomes this ratio P rx.
- the Brillouin time domain detector meter 1 7 is light 5 daughter light 5iJt3 ⁇ 4 beauty pumping light ftil probe light to obtain a Lorenz curve is stored, P all drama ⁇ 1 light pulse light source 1 1 is emitted Strength staircase ⁇ ! 1 6 ⁇ .
- the light intensity of the continuous light CWpumpl emitted by the CW light source 19 is detected so that the optimal probe light intensity and the optimal pump light intensity are obtained.
- the control processing unit 16 is notified to adjust the polarization adjustment 3 and the light 3 ⁇ 4J adjustment unit 21.
- the Brillouin time domain detector 17 is equipped with an optical switch, spectrum analyzer and computer.
- the above-described ratio P rx which is measured by the Lorentz curve, can be stored in advance in the Brillouin time domain detector 17 is because the probe is a slab. Also, since the above-mentioned ratio P rx obtained from the lenticular curve is stored in advance in the Brillouin time domain detector 17, it matches the fiber length of the detection optical fiber at every measurement as shown in the background ⁇ . There is no need to manually adjust 3 ⁇ 4A °.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram showing the Brillouin loss / gain spectrum distribution and the Brillouin loss Z gain spectrum at distance L1 and distance L2.
- Fig. 14 (A) shows the distribution of the prill-an-loss Z-gain spectrum, where the X-axis is from one end of the detection optical fiber 18 and the y-axis is circular. Yes, the z-axis is the light intensity.
- Fig. 14 (B) shows the Brillouin loss Z gain spectrum at distances U and X, where the X axis is circular and the y axis is the light intensity.
- the S6HL1 has a detection optical fiber. It is assumed that the optical fiber 18 is not distorted, and that the optical fiber 18 for detection is distorted.
- the Brillouin time domain detector 17 is prepared to measure the spectrum of the light from the staircase "! Lusu light source 1 ⁇ through the light bra 1 2 Notify the signal to the control processing unit ⁇ 6.
- control processing unit 16 Upon receiving this signal, the control processing unit 16 converts the reference for ATC1 09 of 3 ⁇ 4 to the reference for 3 ⁇ 41 1 and the reference for AFC1 1 0, 3 ⁇ 4EVref2 and Vref3 to ATC1 09 and ⁇ 1 ⁇ 0, respectively. In addition, make 03 03, and turn the floor light source 1 1 to emit light.
- the light emitted from the P t stage “t ⁇ tA Reless light source ⁇ ⁇ is incident on the Brillouin time domain detector 1 7 via the optical power ⁇ 2, and the Brillouin time domain detector 1 7
- the Brillouin time domain detector 1 7 confirms whether or not the staircase light source 1 1 emits the light of the predetermined emission iUi «f 0 from the measurement result. If it is not «f 0, the Brillouin time domain detector 17 controls the signal to adjust the reference ⁇ EVref2 and Vref3 for AF C1 1 0 so that the predetermined image interval f 0 is obtained.
- the control processing unit 16 adjusts the reference for the AFC1 1 0 3 ⁇ 4EVref2 and Vref3 so that the predetermined translation f 0 is obtained.
- HatsuAkiranao f of the light emitted from the light source I 1 becomes a predetermined Hatsukoboshi vertical f 0, the Brillouin time domain detector meter 1 7, control light 5 ⁇ P 1 of their To notify the processing unit 1 6.
- Luz O In cases where there is cormorants 1 AA ° pulse backward light 0 Pb, 3 ⁇ 4 ⁇ ° pulse front light OPf and ⁇ ° pulse ⁇ light OPb) 3 ⁇ 4 ⁇ Riresu forward light O Pf in Ps of the light intensity P 2 3 ⁇ 4.
- Luth OP light 5 Daughter P1 ratio The first light intensity modulator 1 1 1 is controlled by the first light intensity modulator driver ⁇ 1 2 and the light intensity is adjusted to the specified ratio Prx. Staircase ⁇ ! O tA.
- the second light intensity modulator 1 ⁇ 3 is controlled so that the second OPs are emitted so that the OPs are emitted.
- the control processing unit 16 Upon receiving this signal, the control processing unit 16 adjusts the first optical device 11 1 1 so that the predetermined ratio P rx is obtained. Repeating such adjustment, stepped 1 ⁇ ° light source 1 light emitted from 1 5 daughter ⁇ everyone step ⁇ 1 ⁇ ° 0 0 s J: ⁇ When the ratio p rx is reached, the pre-run time domain Detector
- Luminous light source 1 Optical intensity staircase emitted by 1 ⁇ yatA Luth O Ps is the optical fiber for detection with the optimal light intensity to obtain the Brillouin loss / gain 'spectrum BS l / g (Li d) of the Lorentz curve 1 8 Light intensity
- a signal for adjusting the decrease of 3 is notified to the control processing unit 16.
- control processing unit 16 Upon receiving this signal, the control processing unit 16 adjusts the attenuation amount of the optical polarization adjustment unit 13, and the control processing unit 16 sends a signal indicating that the adjustment of the attenuation amount is completed to the Brillouin time domain detector. 1
- the Brillouin time domain detector 17 determines that the staircase light source 1 1 is ready to emit a certain light intensity staircase ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ° Lus O Ps. Stair-like 3 ⁇ 4 ⁇ Lu O Ps to stop the injection.
- the control light processing unit ⁇ 6 controls the light source 1 ⁇ .
- the Brillouin time domain detector 17 then starts measuring the Brillouin 'loss Z gain' spectrum B S l / g (y d).
- the Brillouin time domain detector 17 prepares to measure the spectrum of light from the CW light source 19 via the optical power bra 20. Then, the Brillouin time domain detector 17 notifies the control processing unit 16 of a signal for causing the CW light source 19 to emit the lowest frequency f L in the scanning range.
- control processing unit 16 Upon receiving this notification, the control processing unit 16 sends the reference 1 for ATC 1 39 and the reference for AFC 1 40 corresponding to the lowest frequency «f L 3 ⁇ 4 EV ref2 and V ref3 to ATC 1 3 9 and AFC 1 40 are applied to cause P ⁇ element 1 3 3 to emit light, and continuous light is emitted from CW light source 19.
- the continuous light emitted from the CW light source 19 enters the Brillouin time domain detector 17 via the optical power bra 20, and the Prillouin time domain detector 17 measures the spectrum of the light.
- the Brillouin time domain detector ⁇ 7 determines whether or not the CW light source 11 emits the lowest frequency f L. Brillouin time domain detector, if not lowest «f L 17 notifies the control processing unit 16 of signals for adjusting the reference 3 ⁇ 4EV ref2 and V ref3 for AFC 110 so that the minimum frequency f L is obtained.
- the Brillouin time domain detector meter 1 7 communicates ⁇ 1 A of the CW light source I 9 from the measurement results of the space click Bokuru is emitted is, the Lorenz curve Brillouin loss / gain -.
- the control processing unit 16 Upon receiving these signals, the control processing unit 16 adjusts AFC 1 4 0ffl (# BS ⁇ EV ref2, V ref3 so that Mr. Shuji f L is reached. Further, the control processing unit 16 The attenuation amount of the optical adjustment unit 2 ⁇ is adjusted, and the control processing unit 16 sends a signal indicating that the adjustment of the attenuation amount is completed to the Prillouin time domain detector 17.
- the Brillouin time domain detector 17 notifies the control processing unit 16 of a signal for emitting the staircase tet 'Lus light source 11 1 to emit the light staircase 0 Ps.
- Lus O Ps is injected, and a signal indicating the timing of injection is input to the Brillouin time domain detector 17.
- Probe light optical S daughter staircase ⁇ 1 ⁇ ° L O Ps
- ⁇ dimension at one end of detection optical fiber 1 8 enters from the other end of detection optical fiber 2 2 and is detected optical fiber 1 8 It propagates from one end of the optical fiber for detection 18 to the other end while producing the pump light (continuous light CWpumpl) propagating through the light and the appearance of the Brillouin tongue Li.
- the light related to the Brillouin separation beam is emitted from one end of the detection optical fiber 18, and is incident on the Brillouin time domain detector 7 through the optical circuit 4.
- the Brillouin time domain detector 17 is a light intensity stair that is comforted by the control processing unit 16! ⁇ Based on the timing at which the Lilles O Ps is emitted, the received light related to the Brillouin scattering phenomenon is detected in the time domain ⁇ ⁇ I pray and measure the light intensity distribution of the Brillouin scattering phenomenon in the longitudinal direction of the detection optical fiber 18. In this way, the Brillouin time domain detector 17 has a CW light source ⁇ 9 that emits continuous light of the lowest lap f L as pump light and a staircase! 1 6 A Luth light source 1 1 with light intensity P ! 1 ⁇ less O
- the detection optical fiber 1 8 Brillouin separation L phenomenon is generated by the pump light, and the light related to the Brillouin scattering phenomenon is timed and prayed, and the detection optical fiber 8 : Brillouin scattering in the direction Measure the light intensity distribution of Saito.
- the curve m shown in FIG. 14 (A) which is the light intensity distribution of the Brillouin scattering light corresponding to the pump light having the lowest circumference f L, is obtained.
- the degree of interaction between the probe light and the pump light related to the Brillouin separation L phenomenon depends on the relative relationship between the probe light ( ⁇ light-splitting surface and the polarization plane of the pump light.
- the distributed fiber optic sensor 1 is capable of separating the light intensity at each measurement with the polarization adjustment 1 3;
- the light intensity distribution of the Brillouin separation light corresponding to the pump light with the lowest frequency f L is repeatedly measured and the average value is adopted. Thus, this dependency can be substantially eliminated. Therefore, the light intensity distribution ml related to the Brillouin scattering phenomenon can be obtained with high accuracy.
- measurement is performed 500 or 100 times.
- the Brillouin time-domain detector 1 7 corresponds to the pump light of the next circulation when the measurement of the light of the Brillouin scattering transport corresponding to the pump light of the lowest circumference f L is completed.
- the Brillouin time range: t or the detector 17 can be used as a pump light for the next peripheral to the CW light source 19 by the same method as above.
- the optical bow daughter P metrology 3 tA ° Lus O Ps is emitted as the probe light.
- the Brillouin time domain detector 17 emits light related to the Brillouin separation phenomenon emitted from one end of the detection optical fiber 18 and incident on the Prillouin time domain detector 17 via the optical circuit 14.
- Brillouin time domain detector meter 1 7 the measurement of the distribution of light intensity of the light m2 according to Brillouin scattering phenomenon corresponding to the pump light of the next lap ⁇ ends, successively the pump light circumferential ⁇ the best one after another Change up to Zhou Fu, and measure the distribution m3, m4,.,., Mn of the light 5 ⁇ related to the Brillouin scattering phenomenon corresponding to the pump light in this way as described above.
- distribution mn is This represents the light intensity distribution m of the Brillouin scattering light corresponding to the nth circumferential pump light in the range.
- the Brillouin scattering in the direction of the optical fiber for detection 18 at each circumference in the range 3 ⁇ 43 ⁇ 4J , M2, m3, m4..., Mn is obtained with high and high spatial resolution, and as a result, Brillouin loss / gain spectrum BSI / g (V d) can be obtained with high accuracy and high spatial resolution.
- the Brillouin time domain detector 17 has a loop corresponding to the peak of the Brillouin, loss / gain spectrum BS l / g (id) in the portion where the detection optical fiber 18 is not distorted.
- the prillouin lag shift b in each of the detection optical fibers 18 in the ⁇ direction is obtained with high accuracy and high spatial resolution.
- Figs. 14 (A) and (B) there is no distortion in the portion of SgH L 1 from one end of the detection optical fiber 18 and there is distortion in the portion of distance L 2 To do.
- the Brillouin 'loss / gain' spectrum BS l / g (Le d) at distance L 1 is shown by the solid curve e in Fig. 14 (B), and the Brillouin loss / gain
- the spectrum BS l / g (yd) is shown in Fig. 14 (B) by the Kureo curve f.
- L1 is equal to the Brillouin Ross / Gain' spectrum at L2
- Find the difference from the lap V b2 corresponding to the peak of BS l / g (Le d), and the Brillouin shift shift b V b2—li bl.
- the Brillouin time domain detector 17 detects the distortion and _ or temperature in each region in the longitudinal direction of the detection optical fiber 18 from the Brillouin margin shift Vb of each region with high accuracy and high spatial resolution.
- the distribution of distortion and / or ⁇ in each region of SK ⁇ direction of the obtained detection optical fiber 18 is shown in an output section (not shown) such as a CRT display or a X ⁇ plotter.
- the distributed optical fiber sensor 1 uses the optical intensity level of the probe light as the optical beam stage !! 3 ⁇ 4 A ° OPS Os, so the above-mentioned ratio P rx from which the Lorentz curve can be obtained is expressed as Brillouin. Since it can be stored in advance in the time domain detector 17, manually adjust 3 ⁇ 4 / °° to match the length of the optical fiber 18 for each detection, as shown in the background. There is no habit. Therefore, the distributed optical fiber sensor 1 can be commercialized. As a result of the logical analysis, it can be said that the small ratio P rx can be expressed as S3 ⁇ 4. Therefore, the Brillouin loss / gain spectrum BS l / g (yd) is a Lorentz curve, so it has high accuracy and high spatial resolution. Strain and / or SJg generated in the detection optical fiber 18 can be measured.
- the distributed optical fiber sensor in the second separation mode is a detection optical fiber that receives probe and pump light from one end of a detection optical fiber for detecting strain and Z or SJ.
- Brillouin Scattering Receiving pump light that has been subjected to ⁇ Gland, Brillouin- Gain Spectrum Time Domain Reflection Analysis (B Gain — OTDR, Brillouin Gain Optical Time Domain Ref! Ectometer) or Brillouin Ross Spectral It performs distortion and / or temperature detection based on Brillouin frequency shift by performing a time-domain reflection analysis (B Loss -OTDR, B I louin Loss Optical Time Domain Reflectometer).
- Brillouin-gain-spectrum time-domain reflection analysis or Prillouin-loss-spectral time-domain reflection analysis is abbreviated as Brillouin-loss / gain 'spectral-time-domain analysis.
- the light associated with the Brillouin tongue is Brillouin scattered light.
- FIG. 15 is a block diagram showing wrinkles of the distributed optical fiber sensor in the second embodiment.
- FIG. 16 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the CW light source in the distributed fiber sensor according to the second embodiment.
- the distributed optical fiber 'sensor 2 in the second actual rising state consists of a floor light source 1 1, a light intensity bra 1 2, a light intensity' polarization adjuster 1 3, a light Circulator 1 4, Optical power bra 3 3, Optical connector 1 5, Control processing unit 3 1, Brillouin time domain detector 1 7, Detection optical fiber 1 8, CW light source 3 2, A light intensity bra 20 and a light intensity adjustment unit 21 are provided.
- the output of the step-like 3 ⁇ 4 ⁇ light source 1 1 is optically input to the input of the optical power ⁇ 2.
- One output terminal of the light intensity bracket 2 is optically connected to the input terminal of the light intensity / polarization adjusting unit 13.
- the output terminal of tm ⁇ 3 is optically connected to the first terminal of the optical circuit.
- the second terminal of the optical circuit is connected to one input terminal of the optical power bra 3 3. It is sold scientifically.
- the output terminal of the optical power bra 33 is optically connected to one end of the detection optical fiber 18 via the optical connector 15.
- the output of the CW light source 32 is optically connected to the input terminal of the optical power bra 20.
- One output terminal of the optical power bra 20 is optically connected to the input of the light intensity adjustment S 21.
- the output of the light intensity adjusting unit 21 is optically connected to the other input terminal of the light intensity bra 33.
- the other output of the optical power bra 12 is optically input to the first input terminal of the Brillouin time domain detector 31, and the other output of the optical power bra 20 is the second input of the Brillouin time domain detector 31.
- the third of the optical circuit 14 is optically connected to the terminal and the third input of the Brillouin time domain detector 31 is optically connected.
- Light power bra 33 is a ⁇ g product that divides incident light into two lights and emits them.
- the light source 32 is a device that is controlled by the control processing unit 16 and performs 3E 3 ⁇ 4 CWpump2 of a predetermined surrounding IS range f rTl ⁇ ⁇ .
- the associative C Wpump2 is emitted for a predetermined period at a predetermined timing.
- the CW light source 32 includes a cloth 131, a ⁇ J detection element 132, a
- the configuration further includes a modulator driving unit 162.
- ⁇ 40 is a staircase 1 including the optical connection and electrical connection except that the AFC 140 changes the ilJ M ( ⁇ 6 element 133 under the control of the control processing unit 16.
- the third light device 1 61 is an optical component that increases the light intensity of the incident light. Similarly to the first and second light intensity fixtures 1 1 2 and 1 1 4, the third light intensity modulator 1 6 2 is controlled by the control processing unit 16, and the third light intensity modulator 1 6 2 This is a driver circuit that drives the degree modulator 1 6 1. Light from the light emitting element 1 3 3 is incident on the third light intensity modulator 61. 3rd light intensity modulator ⁇ 6 1 is this! ⁇ Tren light from eaves 1 3 3 CWp, 2 is turned on and off based on the control of third light 5 daughter modulator horse head 6 2.
- the light emitted from the third light intensity modulator 1 6 ⁇ enters the light intensity bra 20 as the output light of the CW light source 3 2.
- the light source 32 emits iE3 ⁇ 4C Wpump2 for a predetermined period at a predetermined timing by operating in this way.
- an optical amplifier 1 63 that amplifies the light to compensate for the loss of the third optical intensity modulator ⁇ 6 ⁇ is placed after the third optical intensity modulator 1 61. May be.
- the control processing unit 31 inputs / outputs signals to / from the Brillouin time domain detector 17 so that the probe light at the one end of the detection fiber 8 is reflected at the other end by the probe light.
- the pump light and probe light are propagated to the detection optical fiber 1 8 so that is incident on one end of the detection optical fiber 1 8, and the detection optical fiber 1 8: detection optical fiber in the SK ⁇ direction 1 8
- the electronic circuit is configured to include a microprocessor, a working memory, a memory for storing data, and the like.
- the other end of the detection optical fiber 18 is used. Further, a mirror part for threatening incident light may be provided, and the other end of the detection optical fiber 18 may be mirror-finished.
- the distributed optical fiber sensor 2 according to the second embodiment is a light having a predetermined ratio P rx by the same operation as the distributed optical fiber sensor ⁇ according to the first embodiment. 5tJ staircase> y3tA ° Lus 0 Ps P everyone play; OfeA Lilles light source 1 Emit from 1 1
- the distributed optical fiber sensor 2 according to the second embodiment has the same operation as that of the distributed optical fiber sensor 1 according to the first 3 ⁇ 43 ⁇ 4S configuration. Brillouin Blossan Ross / Gain BS l / g (yd) can be obtained: light bow J staircase ⁇ 3 ⁇ 4 ⁇ with 1 ⁇ light intensity.
- the reduction of the light intensity / polarization adjusting unit 13 is adjusted so that the light OPs enters the detection optical fiber 18 as probe light.
- the distribution according to the second form ⁇ ; the fiber sensor 2 controls the staircase 4 ⁇ ° light source ⁇ 1 to stop the emission of a predetermined light intensity step ⁇ 1 ⁇ ° Lus O Ps Let Part 6 control.
- the distributed fiber sensor 2 according to the second embodiment is the Brillouin 'Loss / Gain' spectrum BS of the Lorentz curve by the same IW as the distribution type optical fino sensor 1 according to the first separation form.
- the light intensity of the pump light should be adjusted so that l / g (re d) cannot be obtained.
- the distribution fino sensor 2 according to the second embodiment causes the control processing unit 6 to control the CW light source 19 so as to stop the emission of the associative CWpimp2.
- the distributed optical fiber sensor 2 is configured to detect the optical intensity of the light relating to the Brillouin tongue in Li direction of the detection optical fiber 18 in each circumference of the 3 ⁇ 4 ⁇ ⁇ range fr: I ⁇ direction Distribution of m1, m2, m3, m4 ⁇ Start measurement of spectrum / l (g) spectrum.
- the distributed optical fiber sensor 2 performs Brillouin-loss / gain-spectrum time-domain reflection analysis, so that at each frequency of ⁇ mmm fr, the detection optical fiber is detected.
- 18 Pump light and probe light are sent to the detection optical fiber 18 so that the probe light is incident on one end of the detection optical fiber 18 when the pump light incident on one end is reflected on the other end.
- Propagation and Brillouin scattering Analyze light related to ⁇ gland with Brillouin scattering detector 17.
- the distributed optical fiber sensor 2 according to the second embodiment performs the same operation as the distributed optical fiber sensor 1 according to the first actual expansion state, thereby detecting the optical fiber for detection.
- ⁇ ⁇ Obtain the strain and / or temperature in each region in the longitudinal direction of 8 with high accuracy and high spatial resolution, and present it to the output unit (not shown).
- the distributed optical fiber sensor 2 uses the staircase ⁇ 3 t ° as the probe light in the same manner as the distributed optical fiber sensor 1 according to the first embodiment. that stores in advance the ratio P rx above which is obtained in the Brillouin time domain detector meter 1 7 Therefore, it is not necessary to manually adjust the ⁇ ⁇ ° L to match the fiber length of the detection optical fiber 18 for each measurement as described in the background. Therefore, the distributed optical fiber sensor 2 can be commercialized.
- the distributed optical fiber sensor according to the third embodiment of the present invention has a Brillouin loss / gain 'spectrum time domain, analysis and Brillouin loss / gain' spectrum time domain reflection in a single unit. It's something that can be analyzed.
- Fig. 17 is a block diagram showing the integrity of the distributed optical fiber sensor in the third difficult form.
- the distributed fiber optic sensor 3 in the third actual expansion state includes a staircase light source 1 1, a light power bra 1 2, a light intensity polarization adjustment unit 1 3, an optical circuit 1 4 and a light Force bra 3 3, optical connector 15, control processing unit 4 1, Brillouin time domain detector 1 7, detection optical fino 1 ⁇ 8, light source 3 2, light power bra 2 0, The light intensity adjustment rod 2 1, the optical switch 4 2, and the optical connector 2 2 are provided.
- the output S 3 ⁇ 4 ⁇ of the capital S 3 ⁇ 4tA ° light source 1 ⁇ is optically viewed at the input 3 ⁇ 4 ⁇ of the optical power bra 12.
- One output terminal of the optical power bra 12 is optically connected to an input terminal of the optical 5 daughter polarization adjustment 13.
- the output terminal of the light intensity polarization adjustment unit 13 is optically connected to the first terminal of the optical circuit 14.
- the second terminal of the optical circuit 14 is optically connected to one input terminal of the optical power bra 33.
- the output terminal of the optical power bra 33 is optically connected to one end of the optical fiber for detection 8 through the optical connector 15.
- the output terminal of the CW light source 32 is optically connected to the input ⁇ of the optical power bra 20.
- One output terminal of the optical power bra 20 is optically connected to the input ⁇ ?
- the output terminal of the light intensity adjusting unit 21 is optically connected to the input terminal of the optical switch 42.
- One output of the optical switch 4 2 is optically connected to the interference input of the optical power bra 33 3, and the other output terminal is connected to the other end of the detection optical fiber 18 through the connector 24.
- the other output of the optical power bra 12 is optically input to the first input terminal of the Brillouin time domain detector 17, and the output terminal 2 of the optical power bra 20 0 is connected to the Brillouin time domain detector 17.
- 17 is optically input to the second input terminal
- the third of the optical circuit 14 is optically input to the third input of the Brillouin time region i or the detector 17.
- the control processing unit 41 receives the output of the Brillouin time-domain detector 17, and P all stages ⁇
- the adjusting unit 21 and the optical switch 4 2 are controlled.
- optical power bra ⁇ 1, optical power bra ⁇ 2, light-polarization adjustment 3 ⁇ 4 3, optical circulation evening 14, optical connector 15, Brillouin time domain detector 17, optical fiber for detection 1 8, optical power bra 20, light intensity Since the adjustment unit 21 and the optical connector 22 are the same as those in the first embodiment, the description thereof is omitted. Since the CW light source 32 and the light intensity bra 33 are the same as those in the second embodiment, description thereof is omitted.
- the optical switch 4 2 is a 1 ⁇ 2 optical switch with 1 input and 2 outputs. Light input from the input terminal based on the control of the control processing unit 4 1 is sent to either one of the two output terminals. Inject selectively.
- the optical switch 42 for example, a light switch or a light switch can be used.
- the 5 t switch is an optical component that changes its taste by moving and rotating microscopic elements such as prisms, rod lenses, and mirrors, and the optical fiber itself.
- an optical microelectronic system that uses semiconductor microfabrication ⁇ 3 ⁇ 41 ⁇ to enclose the refractive index between the light guides and move the nights freely, or move the mirrors overnight.
- An optical waveguide switch is an optical component that, for example, forms a Mach-Zenter interference type by optical seismic motion, changes the refractive index of each optical waveguide arm by applying an electric field to each optical optical arm, and switches the optical fiber.
- a semiconductor optical switch using a semiconductor optical switch using a refractive index change caused by carrier injection and an optical semiconductor amplifier as an on / off gate are also known.
- the control processing unit 3 1 inputs and outputs signals to and from the Brillouin time domain detector 17, so that the Brillouin loss / gain spectrum time range: 1 analysis and Brillouin loss / gain spectrum time domain
- the Pf ⁇ c pulse light source ⁇ 1 optical Intensity-polarization difficulty 1 3
- CW light source 1 CW light source 1 9
- light 5 daughter adjustment unit 2 1 and light switch
- it is equipped with a microprocessor, working memory, memory for storing data, etc.
- the control processing sound I 1 is The optical switch 42 is controlled so that the light incident from the optical fiber 22 exits from an output optically input to the other end of the detection optical fiber 18 via the optical connector 22. Since the distributed S! Bfe fiber sensor 3 according to the third embodiment operates in the same manner as the distributed optical fiber sensor according to the first separation mode, the description thereof is omitted.
- the Brillouin-loss Z gain-spectrum time domain analysis is performed using the distributed optical fiber sensor 3 according to the third actual expansion state.
- the optical switch 4 2 is set so that the light incident from the terminal is emitted from the output terminal connected to the optical fiber 1 8 to the one end of the detection optical fiber 1 8 via the optical power bra 3 3 and the optical connector 15. Control. Since the distributed optical fiber sensor 3 according to the third actual expansion state operates in the same manner as the distributed optical fiber sensor according to the second exemplary embodiment, the description thereof is omitted.
- the detection optical fiber 18 receives the interaction between the probe light and the Brillouin scattering, and the pump light emitted from one end of the detection optical fiber 18 is divided into two by the optical power bra 33.
- One of them will be distributed to the Brillouin time domain detector 17 through the optical circuit 14. That is, the pump light that has received the interaction loses its power in the optical power bra 33. Therefore, in order to compensate for this iron, an optical amplifier may be further provided on the screen from the optical circuit 14 to the Brillouin time domain detector 17. Alternatively, an amplifier may be further provided in the Brillouin time domain detector 17 so that the pump light is amplified by light received by the light receiving element and photoelectrically converted.
- the distributed fiber optic sensor 3 according to the third actual expansion state changes the probe light. Therefore, the ratio p rx of the Lorentz curve field can be stored in advance in the Brillouin time domain detector 17, so that the fiber length of the detection optical fiber 18 is measured every time as in the background art. There is no need to manually adjust the sleeve to match 3 ⁇ 4. Accordingly, the distributed optical fiber sensor 3 can be commercialized.
- the distributed optical fiber sensors 1, 2, and 3 according to the first to third modes are designed to use a light intensity step of ⁇ 3 ⁇ 4 ⁇ Lus 0 Ps for the probe light according to the length of the detection optical fiber 18 3 ⁇ 4 ⁇ Lus. Measures distortion and / or ⁇ generated in the detection optical fiber 1 8 with high accuracy and high spatial resolution without manual adjustment of.
- the distributed optical fiber sensor according to the fourth embodiment has the configuration of the distributed optical fiber sensors 1, 2, and 3 in the first to third separation forms, and the light of 3 ⁇ 4 ⁇ ° light OP f 3 ⁇ 4J P2 Pulse light and light intensity staircase ⁇ » ⁇ .
- the distributed optical fiber sensor according to the fourth aspect can improve errors by being configured in this way, the distributed optical fiber sensors 1, 2, and 2 according to the first to third E3 ⁇ 4S configurations are provided.
- the time width Tf of 3feA ° Lus forward light O P f in the range of Tp ⁇ Tf ⁇ 2 8.57 n s can be used.
- the distributed optical fiber sensor according to the fourth ⁇ configuration can improve the error by configuring in this way, when the distortion is evenly distributed over a wide range, Detects a small strain of 0 0 ⁇ ⁇ or less: Suitable for ⁇ 3 ⁇ 4.
- the Brillouin time-domain detector 17 operates to “ ⁇ ”, the Brillouin-Loss in each region in the longitudinal direction of the detection optical fiber 18 ⁇ Gain-spectrum BSI / g (Since it is the same as the first to third embodiments except for obtaining the first, the description is omitted.
- the light intensity in the fourth actual ⁇ Kaikoboshi: is a diagram showing a ⁇ t pulse and leakage ⁇ 1 ⁇ ° pulse.
- FIG. 19 is a diagram showing rf ⁇ of the distributed optical fiber sensor in the fourth actual state.
- the fourth actual expansion is that the Brillouin time domain detector 17 first emits the pump light of the continuous light and the probe light to the stair ⁇ l; 3 ⁇ 4tA °
- the leakage time is 1 ⁇ ° Lus O PL
- the time width is 1 ⁇ ⁇ ° Lus 0 Ps
- the light intensity is 1 ⁇ .
- Luth 0 Ps is the smallest light 5 daughter is the smallest ⁇ A ° Lus forward light 0 P f light intensity.
- the Brillouin time domain detector 17 emits associative pump light, and the P light is used as a probe light for the light source 11 in Fig. 1 8 ( ⁇ )
- the light intensity step shown in Fig. 4 is emitted by 1 Lus O Ps (S 1 0 3), and the light intensity distribution M2 related to Brillouin scattering in the longitudinal direction of the detection optical fiber 18 is measured. Memorize measurement results (S 1
- the Brillouin time domain detector 17 obtains the difference M2—M1 between the distribution M1 in the process S 1 0 2 and the distribution M2 in the process S 1 0 4 and determines the difference M2—Ml. S 1 0
- Such operations of processing S 1 0 1 to processing S 1 0 5 are performed at each frequency in the ⁇ Ji3 ⁇ 4 range (S 1 0 6), and the Brillouin scattering phenomenon in the longitudinal direction of the detection optical fiber 18 is involved.
- the distributions m1, m2, m3, m4..., Mn of the light of light? 3 are obtained, and the Brillouin loss / gain 'spectrum BS l in each region in the longitudinal direction of the detection optical fiber 18 is obtained from these.
- the distributed optical fiber sensor according to the fourth embodiment is better in error than the distribution ⁇ ⁇ fiber sensors 1, 2, and 3 according to the first to third real thighs.
- the distributed optical fiber sensor 3 can be made into an industrial product.
- the distributed optical fiber sensor according to the fourth difficult form has the configuration of the distributed optical fiber sensors 2 and 3 in the first to third separated forms, and the optical intensity of the forward light OP / f as the probe light.
- the distributed optical fiber sensor 1 according to the first to third embodiments, 2 improve Ayama ⁇ occurring result of detection by the 3
- the distributed optical fiber sensor according to the fifth embodiment has a configuration in which the distributed optical fiber sensors 1, 2, and 3 in the first to third separation modes are connected to the optical fibers for detection.
- FIG. 20 is a block diagram showing a configuration of the distributed optical fin sensor in the fifth actual rising state corresponding to the distributed optical fin sensor in the first actual expanding state.
- the configuration of the distributed optical fiber sensor 5 in the fifth embodiment is that the fermented light is detected at one end of the detection optical fiber ⁇ 8, and in the example shown in FIG. 20 at the end where the pump light is incident.
- Connect the fiber 5 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ further, memorize the mysterious correction value change it instead of the Brillouin time domain detector 1 7, and operate vertically so that the standard obtained from the reference optical fiber 5 1
- the Brillouin time domain is used to calculate the correction value from the correction value conversion formula based on the value, and to correct the center frequency in the measurement result Prillouin loss Z gain spectrum BS l / g (Li d) with this correction value.
- the area detector 52 this is the same as the first to third embodiments, and the description thereof is omitted.
- the combined optical fiber 51 is an optical fiber having the same quality as the detection optical fiber 18 and having a length corresponding to the spatial resolution of the distributed optical fiber sensor 5. And, 3 ⁇ 4 ⁇
- the optical fiber 51 includes the light used for the distributed optical fiber sensor 5 5 daughter P all stages “t tA ° Lus OPs time width
- FIG. 21 is a diagram showing the operation of the distributed fiber sensor in the fifth ⁇ ! 5 state.
- FIG. 22 is a diagram showing a ratio 1 correction value characteristic I raw curve representing a correction value for the circumference.
- the Brillouin time domain detector 52 first obtains the Brillouin loss / gain spectrum BS l / g (re d) in the fresh optical fiber 51, and obtains the calculated Brillouin aperture / gain The frequency (center frequency) at the peak of the spectrum BSI / g (vd) is obtained and set as a summary value f H0 (S 201). That is, the Brillouin time domain detector 52 measures the light intensity of the light related to the Brillouin tongue U gland in the optical fiber 51 in each circumference of the ⁇ Jl range.
- the Brillouin time domain detector 52 obtains the Brillouin loss / gain spectrum BS l / g (re d) in the reference optical fiber 51 from each measured light intensity. Then, the Brillouin time domain detector 52 obtains the center loop in the Brillouin-loss / gain-spectrum BS l / g (re d) and sets the value as the direct fH0. Next, the Brillouin time-domain detector 52 operates in the same manner as in the first to third actual expanded states to detect the Brillouin loss Z gain in each region of the detection optical fiber 18 in the S ⁇ direction.
- the Brillouin time domain detector 52 detects the optical fiber for detection 1 from the measured distribution ml, m2, m3, m4,.
- Brillouin ⁇ Loss Z gain ⁇ Spectrum BS l / g Determine the order, respectively, each Brillouin loss / gain spectrum BSI / g (Les Find the center circumference and set each value as the detected value fHn .
- the detection value f Hn represents the detection value f H in the ⁇ -th region.
- the Brillouin time domain detector 52 obtains the ratio f rx (frequency ratio) of the detected value f H to the collective value f H0 defined by Equation 13 in each domain part (S2 03) Further, the correction value f En corresponding to the frequency ratio f rxn is obtained by transforming each frequency ratio f rxn (S204).
- the circumferential «I ratio frxn represents the division ratio f rx in the region portion of the n-th correction value f En represents your Keru correction value f E in the n-th territory ⁇ .
- the correction value conversion equation is an equation related to the error that H4 gives to H2, and it is assumed that a predetermined distortion is given to the detection optical fiber according to the light intensity step ⁇ 1 ⁇ ⁇ ° Lus OPs used as the probe light.
- 22 is a functional equation obtained based on the difference between the value obtained by performing the simulation using the above Equations 7 to 11 and the predetermined distortion, for example, with respect to the peripheral key ratio ⁇ rx as shown in FIG. peripheral ⁇ spoon represents the correction value f E - is a function expression of the correction value JP I production curve.
- Fig. 22 shows a simulation of the circumference »!
- the correction value may be converted from WMtt f rx.
- the Brillouin time domain detector 52 calculates the Brillouin 'loss / gain' on the low-circulation side from each detected value f Hn in the Brillouin loss / gain.s vector BSI / g (yd) of each region.
- the area S Ln represents the area S L of the n-th region portion
- the area S Rn represents the area S R in the n-th region portion.
- the Brillouin time domain detector 52 obtains in step S204 based on each area S Ln and 0 ⁇ area S Rn obtained in the Brillouin-loss / gain-spectrum BSI / g (re d) of each area portion.
- the Brillouin time domain detector 52 receives the detected value fHn of the Brillouin loss Z gain spectrum BS l / g (Li d) obtained in the process S 2 0 2 in each region. processing-out each ⁇ by S 2 0 6 a correction value f E n respectively added (the sign of the correction value f E is the case of the plus correction value f E in addition to the test detection value f H, the correction value f E ⁇ There minus the draw correction value f E from the detected value f H), the detection an if H n (correction ⁇ wheat detecting iii f HE n of Brillouin loss / gain Su Bae corrected vector BS l / g (ld) ) For each (S 2 0 7).
- the Brillouin time domain detector 52 uses the center circumference of the Brillouin Ross / Gain 'spectrum BS l / g (yd) in the portion where the detection optical fiber 18 is not distorted as »
- Optical fiber for detection 1 8 Brillouin 'loss / gain' spectrum in each direction part of the spectrum BS l / g (Le d)
- the detection optical fiber 1 by obtaining the difference from the corrected detection value f HE n
- the Brillouin circumference in each of the longitudinal sections of 8 is calculated, and the Brillouin time domain detector 52 calculates the Brillouin circumference of each of the detected optical fibers 18: Based on b, the strain distribution and / or SJt distribution in the direction of the detection optical fiber 18 is obtained (S 2 0 8).
- the distributed optical fiber sensor 5 in the fifth embodiment corresponding to the configuration of the distributed optical fiber sensor 1 in the first embodiment has been described.
- the distributed optical fiber sensor 5 in the second and third embodiments is described.
- the distributed optical fiber sensor according to the fifth actual expansion state is better in error than the distributed optical fiber sensors 1, 2, and 3 according to the first to third actual expansion states. Therefore, the strain and / or generated in the detection optical fiber 18 can be measured with a higher degree of separation and higher spatial resolution.
- the distributed optical fiber sensor according to the fifth actual state can detect a minute strain of 2 0 0 ⁇ ⁇ or less when the strain is evenly distributed over a wide range. .
- it is adjusted to the fiber length of the detection optical fiber 18 every time it is measured. Rus manually No need to adjust. Therefore, the distributed optical fiber sensor 3 can be commercialized.
- FIG. 23 is a diagram showing the Brillouin circumferential shift amount in the direction of the detection optical fiber.
- Such a detection optical fiber 18 whose Brillouin circumferential shift amount changes periodically has a length II having a first Brillouin circumferential shift amount (1) as shown in Fig. 23, for example.
- the portion DMI 1 and the first Brillouin circumferential shift amount b (1) and the partial DM I2 of length I 2 having a different second Brillouin circumferential shift amount b (2) were repeated.
- the first and second Prillouin shifts b (1) and vb (2) can be realized by appropriately distorting the optical fiber.
- the Brillouin loss / gain spectrum BSI / g (yd) is measured by scanning the frequency of the continuous light CWpumpl in the predetermined frequency range fr, and the Brillouin circumference shift shift b is measured. .
- P everyone ⁇ 1 ; ⁇ ⁇ ° Los light source 1 0 3 is not necessarily a tunable semiconductor laser, but may be a semiconductor laser.
- the distribution sat image sensors 1, 2, and 3 input the stair «tetA ° of the probe light, f 0, within a predetermined frequency range fr,
- the Brillouin loss Z gain spectrum BSI / g (Le d) may be measured by fixing the circumference of the Brillouin, and the Brillouin circulation shift b may be measured.
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PCT/JP2004/009352 WO2006001071A1 (ja) | 2004-06-25 | 2004-06-25 | 分布型光ファイバセンサ |
CNB2004800433854A CN100439860C (zh) | 2004-06-25 | 2004-06-25 | 分布式光纤传感器 |
JP2006527618A JP4463818B2 (ja) | 2004-06-25 | 2004-06-25 | 分布型光ファイバセンサ |
US11/630,185 US7719666B2 (en) | 2004-06-25 | 2004-06-25 | Distributed optical fiber sensor |
EP04746821A EP1760424B1 (en) | 2004-06-25 | 2004-06-25 | Distributed optical fiber sensor |
AT04746821T ATE545003T1 (de) | 2004-06-25 | 2004-06-25 | Verteilter faseroptischer sensor |
CA2571515A CA2571515C (en) | 2004-06-25 | 2004-06-25 | Distributed optical fiber sensor |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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JP4463818B2 (ja) | 2010-05-19 |
CN1973178A (zh) | 2007-05-30 |
CA2571515C (en) | 2010-10-26 |
JPWO2006001071A1 (ja) | 2008-04-17 |
ATE545003T1 (de) | 2012-02-15 |
EP1760424A4 (en) | 2009-01-14 |
CN100439860C (zh) | 2008-12-03 |
US7719666B2 (en) | 2010-05-18 |
EP1760424B1 (en) | 2012-02-08 |
US20080068586A1 (en) | 2008-03-20 |
EP1760424A1 (en) | 2007-03-07 |
CA2571515A1 (en) | 2006-01-05 |
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