Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C209/00—Preparation of compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton
  • C07C209/68—Preparation of compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton from amines, by reactions not involving amino groups, e.g. reduction of unsaturated amines, aromatisation, or substitution of the carbon skeleton
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C209/00—Preparation of compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a new process for the preparation of long-chain quaternary ammonium oxalates and of long-chain quaternary ammonium hydrogen oxalates by reacting amines with dimethyl carbonate and further reacting the intermediate with oxalic acid or oxalic acid dihydrate.
• JP-A-2002 179 614 discloses a process for the preparation of quaternary ammonium salts with carboxylates as counterions from quaternary ammonium halides and the alkali metal salts of C to C ⁇ -carboxylic acids in water / alcohol mixtures with subsequent extraction. A residual halide content in the end product cannot be avoided.
• R ⁇ R 2 , R 3 , R4 can represent alkyl groups from amines and an alkylating agent such as alkyl chloride, alkyl bromide or alkyl iodide and subsequent exchange of the anions chloride, bromide or iodide for oxalate or hydrogen oxalate, for example with the aid of an anion exchange column loaded with oxalate or hydrogen oxalate getting produced. Since this anion exchange is an equilibrium process, a complete exchange of the anions chloride, bromide or iodide for oxalate or hydrogen oxalate is very difficult to achieve.
• NR t R 2 R 3 + RrHal ⁇ (NR ⁇ R 2 R 3 R 4 > Hai ® Hai ® Cl ® , Br ® , I ®
• the anion exchanger must be regenerated again with oxalate solution after the ion exchange process. Since quaternary ammonium compounds with long alkyl groups on the nitrogen atom adsorb well on various surfaces, including on the large inner surface of ion exchange resins, large amounts of solvent are also required in order to completely elute the quaternary ammonium oxalates or hydrogen oxalates.
• a further synthesis possibility for quaternary ammonium oxalates and hydrogen oxalates is the neutralization of quaternary ammonium hydroxides with the corresponding amount of oxalic acid H 2 C 2 O4.
• the quaternary ammonium hydroxides can be prepared from quaternary ammonium halides by anion exchange, for example with the aid of an anion exchange column loaded with hydroxide.
• the disadvantages described above such as incomplete anion exchange, adsorption of the long-chain quaternary ammonium salts and high solvent consumption also occur here.
• EP 0 251 577 B1 claims quaternary ammonium salts with special anions as electrolytes for an aluminum electrolytic capacitor. They are synthesized by neutralizing short-chain quaternary ammonium hydroxides with the corresponding acids, e.g. Boric acid, phosphonic acids, silica.
• Ammonium compounds is the conversion of amines with dialkyl carbonates to quaternary ammonium alkyl carbonates and their further reaction with acids
• German patent application B 24673 IV c / 12 q (1953) describes the reaction of tertiary amines with esters of carbonic acid such as dimethyl carbonate, the isolation of the quaternary ammonium salts of carbonic acid and their further reaction with acids such as e.g. Tartaric acid.
• IT 1153530 discloses the production of quaternary ammonium alkyl carbonates from amines and dialkyl carbonates and their further reaction with organic or inorganic acids.
• EP 0 227 179 B1 discloses the use of quaternary ammonium alkyl carbonates or quaternary ammonium benzyl carbonates as corrosion inhibitors and their preparation by reacting secondary or tertiary amines with dialkyl carbonates or dibenzyl carbonate.
• EP-A-0 345475 discloses a process for preparing quaternary ammonium salts of the type [N (CH 3) R 1 R 2 R 3] ⁇ RCOO ®, where R C-atoms is an aliphatic hydrocarbon radical having from 8 to 40, from tertiary amines and Dimethyl or methyl ethyl carbonate and further reaction with a long-chain aliphatic carboxylic acid RCOOH.
• WO 02/00599 A1 and WO 02/00600 A1 disclose quaternary ammonium and quaternary phosphonium salts as essential components of a new formulation and their use as agents for stabilizing and isolating nucleic acids from microorganisms. Bromide, chloride, phosphate, sulfate, formate, acetate, propionate, oxalate, malonate, succinate or citrate are preferred as anions of these quaternary ammonium salts. The preparation of the quaternary ammonium oxalates is not described.
• the object on which the present invention is based was to develop an improved production process for long-chain quaternary ammonium oxalates and of long-chain quaternary ammonium hydrogen oxalates.
• this object can be achieved by a process in which amines are reacted with dimethyl carbonate and the intermediate product, which can be isolated but does not have to be isolated, is further reacted with oxalic acid or oxalic acid dihydrate to form quaternary ammonium oxalates or quaternary ammonium hydrogen oxalates.
• the invention therefore relates to a process for the preparation of quaternary ammonium oxalates or of quaternary ammonium hydrogen oxalates of the formula (1)
• reaction of the amine of the formula (2) with dimethyl carbonate being carried out under the pressure which arises in the closed reaction vessel and the further reaction of the isolated or non-isolated intermediate with oxalic acid or oxalic acid dihydrate in a solvent.
• R 1 very particularly preferably represents C 4 H 2 g and R 2 and R 3 both represent CH 3 .
• the reaction of the amine of the formula (2) with dimethyl carbonate can be carried out without the addition of a further solvent or in excess dimethyl carbonate as a solvent or in an alcohol as a solvent, preferably in a short-chain alcohol having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or particularly preferably in methanol as the solvent become.
• the mass ratio of solvent to the sum of the masses of amine of the formula (2) and dimethyl carbonate can advantageously be between 0: 1 to 3: 1 and, in the case of methanol as solvent, preferably between 0: 1 to 2: 1, particularly preferably between 0, 2: 1 to 1: 1.
• Dimethyl carbonate generally only acts as a solvent at elevated temperatures. In the reaction of tertiary amines of the formula (2) with R 3 ?
• the molar ratio of tertiary amine to dimethyl carbonate is preferably between 1: 1 and 1: 2, particularly preferably between 1: 1, 2 to 1: 1.7.
• the molar ratio of secondary amine to dimethyl carbonate is preferably between 1: 2 to 1: 4, particularly preferably between 1: 2.5 to 1: 3.5.
• the reaction temperature of the reaction of amines of the formula (2) with dimethyl carbonate is generally between 100 and 180 ° C., preferably between 120 and 160 ° C.
• the contents of the reactor are mixed thoroughly under the autogenous pressure which arises, for example by stirring.
• the required reaction time can be determined by analytical determination of the unreacted amine, for example by titration.
• the intermediate product from the reaction of amines of the formula (2) with dimethyl carbonate can also be reacted with oxalic acid or oxalic acid dihydrate without isolation, without further purification or without separation from the solvent.
• Solid oxalic acid, solid oxalic acid dihydrate or oxalic acid or oxalic acid dihydrate dissolved in a solvent can be metered into a solution of the intermediate in alcohol, preferably in methanol, with mixing.
• the preferred solvent for oxalic acid or oxalic acid dihydrate is water.
• oxalic acid or oxalic acid dihydrate for example dissolved in Water, and add the intermediate, still hot in dimethyl carbonate or cooled to room temperature and dissolved in alcohol.
• the molar ratio of amine of the formula (2) to oxalic acid or oxalic acid dihydrate will generally be selected between 0.9: 1 and 2.1: 1, depending on the target product or the desired ratio of oxalate to hydrogen oxalate.
• the reaction temperature for the reaction of the intermediate is advantageously chosen between 10 to 80 ° C, preferably between 20 to 60 ° C. In order to suppress foam formation as much as possible, the mixing should not be too vigorous and the continuous metering of one or both reaction components should not take place too quickly.
• the reaction pressure is not critical. The reaction can expediently take place at atmospheric pressure, with the derivation of reaction gases.
• distillation can be carried out in vacuo, at atmospheric pressure or under pressure.
• concentrations of the compounds of formula (1) according to the invention their phase behavior and the desired, possibly very low concentrations of methanol, dimethyl carbonate or alcohols in the end product, it may be advantageous to add water continuously or batchwise to the distillation bottoms.
• the compounds of the formula (1) according to the invention generally foam in water and, depending on the concentration and on the solvent, can form gel phases
• the use of a single-stage or multi-stage thin-film evaporator is preferred in the case of distillation, particularly is preferably distilled at normal pressure or in vacuo.
• Another advantage of the thin film evaporator is the short-term thermal load on the products.
• a part (1000 g) of the light yellow, clear solution was dropped into a thin-film evaporator at normal pressure and at temperatures between about 80 to 90 ° C. to distill off methanol, dimethyl carbonate and a small part of the water. A little deionized water was added to the expired bottom product to compensate for the loss of solvent. The bottom product was dropped again at temperatures of 95 to 105 ° C as described above in a thin film evaporator to the remaining amounts Distill off methanol and dimethyl carbonate. If necessary, the thin film evaporator distillation and water addition can be repeated. The final product was a 30% solution of tetradecyltrimethylammonium oxalate in water free of halide anions.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)

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• 2004
  • 2004-05-12 DE DE102004023417A patent/DE102004023417A1/de not_active Ceased
• 2005
  • 2005-04-28 JP JP2007511963A patent/JP4884375B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2005-04-28 EP EP05744816.9A patent/EP1747188B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2005-04-28 WO PCT/EP2005/004535 patent/WO2005113480A1/de not_active Ceased
  • 2005-04-28 CA CA2566465A patent/CA2566465C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2005-04-28 PT PT57448169T patent/PT1747188E/pt unknown
  • 2005-04-28 US US11/596,172 patent/US20070191605A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2005-04-28 ES ES05744816.9T patent/ES2543837T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime

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