WO2005088752A1 - 燃料電池システム - Google Patents
燃料電池システム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2005088752A1 WO2005088752A1 PCT/JP2005/003455 JP2005003455W WO2005088752A1 WO 2005088752 A1 WO2005088752 A1 WO 2005088752A1 JP 2005003455 W JP2005003455 W JP 2005003455W WO 2005088752 A1 WO2005088752 A1 WO 2005088752A1
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- Prior art keywords
- fuel cell
- anode
- air
- cell system
- discharged
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0662—Treatment of gaseous reactants or gaseous residues, e.g. cleaning
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2258/00—Sources of waste gases
- B01D2258/02—Other waste gases
- B01D2258/0208—Other waste gases from fuel cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M2008/1095—Fuel cells with polymeric electrolytes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/92—Metals of platinum group
- H01M4/921—Alloys or mixtures with metallic elements
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1009—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes with one of the reactants being liquid, solid or liquid-charged
- H01M8/1011—Direct alcohol fuel cells [DAFC], e.g. direct methanol fuel cells [DMFC]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a fuel cell system including a fuel cell and a purifying device for purifying a substance discharged from the fuel cell.
- the power consumption and continuous use time of the devices tend to increase.
- the power source mainly uses lithium secondary batteries.
- the energy density of lithium secondary batteries is expected to reach its limit at around 500 WhZL or 200 WhZkg. Therefore, early commercialization of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) is expected as a power source replacing lithium secondary batteries.
- PEFCs in particular, direct fuel cells that generate electricity by supplying organic fuel directly to the anode without reforming it into hydrogen are promising.
- organic fuel for example, methanol, ethanol, dimethyl ether and the like are used.
- Direct fuel cells have been receiving attention and are being actively researched and developed in terms of the high theoretical energy density of organic fuels, the simplification of systems, and the ease of fuel storage.
- the direct fuel cell includes an anode, a force sword, and a polymer electrolyte membrane sandwiched between the anode and the force sword.
- the anode and the force sword each have a catalyst layer in contact with the polymer electrolyte membrane and a catalyst layer on the outside thereof.
- a gas diffusion layer disposed.
- the anode is directly supplied with a mixture of organic fuel and water, and the power source is supplied with an oxidant, such as oxygen or air, which generates power by an electrochemical reaction between the fuel and the oxidant.
- the electrode reaction of a direct fuel cell (DMFC) when methanol is used as an organic fuel is as follows.
- Force sword pole 3 / 2 ⁇ + 6H + + 6e— ⁇ 3H O
- methanol reacts with water to generate carbon dioxide, protons, and electrons.
- Protons reach the force sword through the electrolyte membrane.
- oxygen and protons combine with electrons that pass through an external circuit to produce water. Therefore, if a completely ideal reaction occurs at the anode, the only chemical emitted from the anode will be carbon dioxide.
- an aqueous solution of methanol having a concentration of 3 to 30 wt% is supplied to the anode, so that methanol not involved in the reaction and a large excess of water are discharged from the anode.
- the substances discharged from the anode may include by-products (formaldehyde, formic acid, etc.) and chemical substances during the reaction.
- Methanol, formaldehyde, and formic acid are all designated as deleterious substances under the Toxic and Deleterious Substances Control Law.
- the release of formaldehyde is severely restricted because it causes sick house syndrome.
- the allowable concentration of each substance is 200 ppm for methanol, 0.5 ppm for formaldehyde, and 5 ppm formic acid.
- the permissible concentration refers to the concentration at which almost no workers are expected to have no adverse health effects when exposed to harmful substances for about 8 hours a day and about 40 hours a week.
- formaldehyde a guideline value of 0.08 ppm for indoor concentrations from the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare has been proposed.
- DMFC DMFC
- a method of cooling a mixed gas of vaporized methanol and carbon dioxide and condensing most of the methanol has been proposed.
- a method has also been proposed in which the two are separated using a separation membrane, and only carbon dioxide is discharged to the outside.
- Patent Document 1 does not relate to a direct fuel cell system, but a fuel cell system including an evaporator for evaporating methanol and water and a heater for heating the evaporator by a methanol combustion reaction. System.
- a trap catalyst for capturing unburned methanol and aldehyde discharged from the heater. Hydrogen and air discharged from the fuel cell are supplied to the trap catalyst to oxidize unburned methanol and aldehyde.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a direct fuel cell system using a liquid fuel, and includes a gas-liquid separation tank ⁇ ⁇ for separating a reaction product generated by an electrochemical reaction into a gas and a liquid, and a separated gas. It has been proposed to use a filter that absorbs or decomposes the by-products contained in. In addition, a honeycomb layer supporting a noble metal catalyst or the like is used for the filter.
- Patent Document 3 does not relate to a direct fuel cell system, but oxidizes trace aldehydes contained in combustion exhaust gas using an oxidation catalyst containing manganese dioxide and cupric oxide as main components. Then, a method for deodorizing exhaust gas is proposed. Also, a catalyst unit for deodorizing combustion exhaust gas in which an oxidizing catalyst is filled in layers has been proposed.
- Patent Document 1 JP 2001-17835 A
- Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2003-223920
- Patent Document 3 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 9-206596
- the trap catalyst proposed in Patent Document 1 is supported on a partition wall of a honeycomb carrier through which exhaust gas can flow. Therefore, most of the exhaust gas passes through the through holes of the honeycomb carrier, and methanol and formaldehyde cannot be completely captured by the trap catalyst. For this reason, it is difficult to reduce the concentration of specified substances in exhaust gas to below the legally permissible concentration.
- Patent Document 2 since a pressure loss when gas passes through the filter is large, it is necessary to introduce a pump or the like having a high discharge pressure, which leads to an increase in the size of the entire system and an increase in power loss.
- Patent Document 3 also has a problem that the pressure loss becomes extremely large because the air for catalytic combustion passes through the filter together with the exhaust gas.
- the present invention is capable of purifying a substance discharged from an anode of a fuel cell with high efficiency and suppressing a pressure loss when sending air for catalytic combustion required for purification. It is an object of the present invention to provide a fuel cell system that can be used.
- the present invention is a fuel cell system including a fuel cell including an anode, a power source, and an electrolyte interposed therebetween, and a purifying apparatus including a catalyst layer for purifying a substance discharged from the anode.
- the purification device has a porous sheet including a catalyst layer and two flow paths disposed on both sides of the porous sheet, and one of the flow paths is provided with an inlet through which a substance discharged from the anode is introduced.
- the other flow path is provided with an inlet through which air is introduced, and an outlet, and the substance discharged from the anode passes through the porous sheet and is purified.
- the present invention relates to a fuel cell system, wherein the discharge rocker is also discharged.
- the substance discharged from the anode is always discharged after passing through the porous sheet including the catalyst layer, most of the unreacted fuel or by-product has a chance to come into contact with the catalyst. Thus, unreacted fuel or by-products are catalytically burned with high efficiency and converted to water and carbon dioxide.
- the substance discharged from the anode is introduced into a purification device having a catalyst layer which is not mixed with air in advance, and reaches the porous sheet separately from air. Then, the fuel diffused from one side of the porous sheet and the oxygen in the air diffused from the other side come into contact with active points inside the catalyst layer and burn.
- the catalyst Since it is not necessary for the air for combustion to pass through the porous sheet, the pressure loss when sending the air for catalytic combustion can be kept small.
- the present invention is particularly effective when the fuel cell is a direct fuel cell in which organic fuel is directly supplied to the anode and air is supplied to the power source.
- the organic fuel is preferably supplied directly to the anode in a liquid state, and particularly preferably diluted with a solvent and supplied as a solution. It is preferable to use water as the solvent.
- a non-circulation type fuel cell system that collects a substance discharged from an anode and purifies the substance without supplying the substance to the anode again.
- a non-circulation type fuel cell system it is desirable to minimize the amount of unreacted fuel discharged from the anode by making the amount of fuel supplied to the anode as close as possible to the amount consumed for power generation.
- a non-circulating fuel cell system does not require a device for circulating fuel, such as a cooler or a gas-liquid separator that cools substances discharged from the anode, and a compact system design is possible. Become.
- the porous sheet preferably has a laminated structure including a catalyst layer and porous diffusion layers disposed on both sides of the catalyst layer.
- a catalyst layer By providing the porous diffusion layer, the substance discharged from the anode and introduced into one flow path and the air introduced into the other flow path can be uniformly supplied to the catalyst layer.
- air containing water and carbon dioxide generated by catalytic combustion is also quickly discharged. Therefore, improvement of catalytic combustion efficiency and reduction of pressure loss can be achieved at a high level.
- Air discharged from the fuel cell power source may also contain trace amounts of carbon monoxide and other by-products. Therefore, it is preferable that the air introduced into the purification device includes air discharged from the power source of the fuel cell.
- carbon monoxide and by-products contained in the air discharged from the power source can be purified by catalytic combustion together with unreacted fuel or by-products discharged from the anode.
- the temperature inside the purification device is preferably set to 30 to 80 ° C from the viewpoint of increasing the catalytic activity of the catalyst layer and improving the combustion efficiency of unreacted fuel or by-products.
- the range of 30-80 ° C is appropriate.
- the catalyst in the catalyst layer preferably contains platinum alone or an alloy or a mixture of platinum and another metal.
- the other metal it is preferable to use at least one selected from the group consisting of ruthenium, iron, cobalt, nickel, chromium, molybdenum, rhodium, palladium, osmium and iridium. Platinum is stable even in an oxidizing atmosphere in the presence of oxygen, and shows high catalytic activity for the oxidation reaction of methanol. Therefore, by using platinum, the efficiency of catalytic combustion can be improved even in a low temperature environment.
- the organic fuel preferably contains at least methanol.
- Methanore has the advantages of high theoretical energy density, easy storage, and low cost.
- methanol is directly supplied to the anode as an aqueous methanol solution.
- a substance discharged from an anode of a fuel cell can be purified with high efficiency, and when sending air for catalytic combustion required for purification, Pressure loss can be kept small.
- ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the non-circulation type fuel cell system which purifies the substance discharged
- FIG. 1 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of an example of a purification device according to the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing one example of a fuel cell system of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing another example of the fuel cell system of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of an example of the purification device according to the present invention.
- a porous sheet 2 for catalytic combustion of unreacted fuel or by-products is provided at the center of the purification device 1.
- the porous sheet 2 includes a catalyst layer 3 and a pair of porous diffusion layers 4 sandwiching the catalyst layer.
- a channel 10 for introducing a substance discharged from the anode and a channel 12 for introducing air are provided on both sides of the porous sheet.
- the flow path 10 is provided with only the inlet 11 into which the substance discharged by anodic discharge is introduced, and has no outlet.
- the flow path 12 is provided with an inlet 13 through which air is introduced and an outlet 14. Have been.
- a gas sealing material 5 is provided on the peripheral edge of the porous sheet 2, and a porous diffusion layer 4 'having substantially the same thickness as the gas sealing material is provided on both surfaces of the porous sheet 2.
- Each channel force also prevents liquid and air from leaking.
- the porous diffusion layer 4 ′ may be regarded as a part of the porous sheet 2.
- the porous sheet 2 on which the gas seal material 5 is disposed is sandwiched between resin-impregnated graphite plates 6a and 6b each having a groove on a flat surface.
- the groove formed in the resin-impregnated graphite plate 6a serves as a flow path 10 through which a substance discharged from the anode is introduced, and the groove formed in the resin-impregnated graphite plate 6b serves as a flow path 12 through which air is introduced.
- heaters 7a and 7b for controlling the temperature of the purification device are installed, respectively.
- End plates 8a and 8b are arranged further outside the heaters 7a and 7b, and are fixed by fastening bolts 9.
- the shape of the channel is arbitrary.
- the flow path can be provided by a material other than the resin-impregnated graphite plate.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing one example of the fuel cell system of the present invention.
- the fuel cell 15 includes an anode 17 holding an electrolyte 16 and a force sword 21.
- the anode 17 and the cathode 21 are supplied with fuel and an oxidant, respectively.
- the fuel cell 15 is usually provided with a heater (not shown) for controlling its temperature.
- the anode 17 is provided with an adjacent fuel flow path (not shown), and fuel is directly transferred from the fuel tank 18 via the pump 19 to the fuel flow path.
- the force sword 21 is provided with an adjacent oxidant flow path (not shown), and air is transferred from the outside air via the pump 20 to the oxidant flow path.
- the outlet of the fuel flow path communicates with the inlet 11 of the purification device 1.
- Fuel not consumed by power generation in the fuel cell 15 is introduced into the flow path 10.
- an aqueous solution containing unreacted fuel or its vapor is introduced into the flow channel 10 from the inlet 11.
- the water solution or its vapor introduced into the flow path 10 permeates the porous diffusion layer 4 and reaches the catalyst layer 3.
- air is supplied to the flow channel 12 from the inlet 13 of the purification device 1 via the air pump 22. Oxygen in the air diffuses through the porous diffusion layer 4 and reaches the catalyst layer 3.
- air may be supplied from outside air, the outlet of the oxidizer flow path of the fuel cell 15 and the inlet 13 of the purification device 1 are communicated with each other, and the air discharged from the power source is used to further reduce environmental impact. It is possible to build a system with a small load.
- the catalyst layer can be made of a substance active against the combustion of unreacted fuel or by-products without any particular limitation.
- a thin film containing conductive carbon particles carrying a catalyst metal is preferable. Used.
- the thickness of the catalyst layer is, for example, about 10-50 / m, but is not particularly limited.
- the catalyst metal for example, platinum, ruthenium, iron, cobalt, nickel, chromium, molybdenum, rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium and the like are used. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- porous diffusion layer Although various porous materials can be used for the porous diffusion layer, it is preferable to use a material having excellent diffusibility such as unreacted fuel, air, and carbon dioxide.
- a material having excellent diffusibility such as unreacted fuel, air, and carbon dioxide.
- carbon paper, carbon cloth, and the like are suitable as the porous diffusion layer.
- the thickness of the porous diffusion layer is, for example, about 100 to 500 ⁇ m, and is not particularly limited.
- the present invention is suitable for a system including a direct fuel cell using an organic fuel.
- the organic fuel is not particularly limited, but methanol, dimethyl ether, ethylene glycol and the like can be used. These organic fuels are desirably used as an aqueous solution.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing another example of the fuel cell system of the present invention.
- the same components as those in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals as in FIG.
- the fuel cell system of FIG. 3 includes a cooler 23 that collects and cools a substance discharged from the anode of the fuel cell 15, and a gas-liquid separator that separates the cooled substance into a gas component and a liquid component.
- the container 24 is provided.
- the substance discharged from the anode is cooled by the cooler 23,
- the gas-liquid separator 24 separates the gas and liquid components as much as possible.
- the gas component separated by the gas-liquid separator 24 is introduced into the flow channel 10 from the inlet 11 of the purification device 1 and purified when passing through the porous sheet 2. That is, it is oxidized by oxygen in the air supplied through the pump 22, is converted into water or carbon dioxide, and is released into the atmosphere.
- the liquid component is collected in the fuel tank 18.
- an aqueous solution of an organic fuel is stored in the fuel tank 18, for example.
- the fuel concentration in the aqueous solution is constantly monitored using a concentration sensor 25, and when the fuel concentration in the fuel tank 18 falls below a certain level, a valve is provided from the stock solution tank 26 for storing organic fuel. Through 27, organic fuel is replenished as appropriate.
- Such adjustment of the fuel concentration is preferably performed by an automatic control system.
- the temperature inside the purification device is set to a relatively low temperature, for example, 60 ° C or less, 50 ° C or less, 40 ° C or less, or 30 ° C or less, sufficient purification can be performed.
- a non-circulating fuel cell system according to the first embodiment of the present invention was configured.
- a purification device for purifying substances discharged from the anode of the fuel cell was manufactured in the following manner.
- Conductive carbon particles having an average primary particle diameter of 30 nm (Ketjen Black EC manufactured by AKZO Chemie, The Netherlands) 50 parts by weight were loaded with 25 parts by weight each of platinum and ruthenium having an average particle diameter of 30 A, which are catalytic metals. These were used as catalyst-carrying particles.
- a dispersion in which the catalyst-carrying particles were dispersed in an aqueous solution of isopropanol and a dispersion in which a polymer electrolyte was dispersed in an aqueous solution of ethyl alcohol were mixed. The resulting mixture was stirred with a bead mill to prepare a highly dispersed catalyst paste.
- the weight ratio between the catalyst-carrying particles and the polymer electrolyte in the catalyst paste was set to 1: 1.
- As the polymer electrolyte perfluorocarbon sulfonic acid ionomer (Flemion manufactured by Asahi Glass Co., Ltd.) was used.
- the catalyst paste was applied to a 180-m-thick carbon paper (TGP-H060 manufactured by Toray Industries, Inc.) as a porous diffusion layer by a spray method, and the coating film was dried at room temperature in the air for 12 hours. As a result, a catalyst layer having an outer dimension of 60 mm ⁇ 60 mm and a thickness of 30 ⁇ m was formed.
- the amounts of platinum and ruthenium contained in the catalyst layer were each 2 mgZcm 2 (72 mg each). After further laminating a carbon paper to be a porous diffusion layer on the catalyst layer, the whole was pressed. Thus, a porous sheet including the catalyst layer and the porous diffusion layers disposed on both sides of the catalyst layer was obtained.
- a gas sealing material is arranged on the periphery of the porous sheet, and the carbon paper is laminated on the upper and lower surfaces of the porous sheet as shown in FIG. It was sandwiched between impregnated graphite plates.
- a serpentine flow path having a width of 2 mm and a depth of 2 mm was previously formed. In the flow path of one resin-impregnated graphite plate, only an inlet was provided, and in the flow path of the other resin-impregnated graphite plate, an inlet and an outlet were provided. Both channel shapes were the same.
- a sheet-like temperature control heater was arranged outside each resin-impregnated graphite plate, and end plates were further arranged outside the sheet heaters. The end plates were fixed to each other with fastening bolts, thereby completing the purification device.
- the internal temperature of the purifier was maintained at 60 ° C by a heater.
- a fuel cell system A as shown in FIG. 2 was configured using the above-described purification device.
- the fuel cell used was a stack of 10 single cells consisting of an anode, a force sword, and a polymer electrolyte membrane.
- An aqueous methanol solution was supplied from the fuel tank to the anode of the fuel cell via a fuel pump. Air was supplied to the power sword from outside air via an air pump. The aqueous solution or its vapor discharged from the anode of the fuel cell is introduced into the channel having only the inlet of the purification device, and the air from the outside air is pumped into the channel of the other resin-impregnated graphite plate through the pump. Supplied.
- the purification device In the production of the purification device, after forming the catalyst layer on the porous diffusion layer, the flow path having only the inlet was directly opposed to the catalyst layer without further laminating the porous diffusion layer on the catalyst layer. Except for this, a purification device having the same structure as in Example 1 was produced. Next, a fuel cell system (system B) was constructed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that this purification device was used, and the exhaust gas discharged from the anode of the fuel cell was passed through the passage having only the inlet. Aqueous solution or its vapor Air was supplied to the flow path having the inlet and the outlet.
- system B fuel cell system
- a purification device similar to that of Example 2 was produced except that the arrangement of the porous sheets was reversed. That is, here, the flow path having the inlet and the outlet was directly opposed to the catalyst layer.
- a fuel cell system (system C) was constructed in the same manner as in Example 2 except that this purification device was used.
- the aqueous solution discharged from the anode of the fuel cell or the aqueous solution discharged from the fuel cell was used. Introduced the vapor and supplied air to a flow path having an inlet and an outlet.
- a fuel cell system (system D) similar to that of Example 1 was configured except that the internal temperature of the purification device was maintained at 40 ° C by a heater.
- a fuel cell system (system E) similar to that of Example 1 was configured except that the internal temperature of the purification device was maintained at 30 ° C by a heater.
- a fuel cell system (system E) similar to that of Example 1 was configured except that the ambient temperature was set lower than 20 ° C and the internal temperature of the purification device was maintained at 20 ° C by a heater.
- a fuel cell system similar to that of Example 1 except that air discharged from the power source of the fuel cell is introduced into the flow path having an inlet and an outlet of the purification device via a pump. was configured.
- the mixture is introduced into a channel having only an inlet provided in the purification device. Except that no air was supplied from outside air, the fuel
- a purifying apparatus having the same structure as that of Example 1 was produced except that this honeycomb structure was used instead of the porous sheet.
- the aqueous solution or its vapor discharged from the anode of the fuel cell and the air are mixed in advance, they are introduced into a flow path having only an inlet provided in the purification device, and have an inlet and an outlet.
- a fuel cell system (system 2) similar to that of Example 1 was configured except that no air was supplied to the flow path from outside air.
- a catalyst paste was applied to a serpentine-type channel of a resin-impregnated graphite plate by a spray method, and dried to form a catalyst layer.
- the amounts of platinum and noretenium in the catalyst layer were each 72 mg.
- the flow path side of the resin-impregnated graphite plate was covered with a flat surface of another resin-impregnated graphite plate.
- the flow path was provided with an inlet and an outlet.
- a purification device was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the combination of the resin-impregnated graphite plates was sandwiched between a heater and an end plate.
- the purification apparatus was used, except that the aqueous solution discharged from the anode of the fuel cell or its vapor and air were preliminarily mixed and then introduced into the flow path of the purification apparatus.
- a fuel cell system (system 3) similar to 1 was constructed.
- the fuel tank of the fuel cell was filled with a 2 mol / L methanol aqueous solution.
- the methanol aqueous solution was directly supplied from the fuel tank to the fuel cell anode by the fuel pump so that the fuel flow rate per unit cell was 0.4 ml / min.
- Air was supplied from outside air to the power source of the fuel cell using an air pump so that the air flow rate per unit cell was 1 L / min.
- the temperature of the fuel cell was set at 60 ° C. Thereafter, the fuel cell was continuously generated at a current density of 100 mA / cm 2 . At that time, the amount of methanol contained in aqueous solutions or their vapors discharged from the anode of the fuel cell was 1. 56 X 10- 3 mol / min.
- the aqueous solution or the vapor thereof discharged from the anode was all introduced into a predetermined inlet of the purification device, and purification was performed by oxidation.
- the flow rate of air introduced into the purifier was 1 L / min.
- the amount of methanol contained in the purified aqueous solution discharged from the purification device or its vapor was defined as ⁇ (mol / min), and the conversion was calculated by substituting ⁇ into the following equation.
- ⁇ I ⁇ (o / 0) ⁇ ( i. 56 X 10- 3 _ Fei) / 1. 56 X 10- 3 ⁇ X 100
- Example 17 the pressure loss value when air was introduced into the purification device at a flow rate of 1 LZ was measured.
- the pressure loss value was measured when a mixture of the substance and air discharged from the anode of the fuel cell was introduced into the purification device at a flow rate of 1 L / min.
- the purification rate of System A using a porous sheet having a catalyst layer sandwiched between porous diffusion layers is particularly high. This is because the action of the porous diffusion layers disposed on both sides of the catalyst layer improves the supply of methanol discharged from the anode and oxygen in the air to the catalyst layer, and the carbon dioxide generated by the decomposition of methanol. It is considered that air containing water and water from the catalyst layer is better discharged.
- the purification rate of the system 1 is lower. This is because, after being mixed in advance with the material air discharged from the anode and then being continuously supplied to the porous sheet including the catalyst layer, methanol and oxygen stay at the active sites of the catalyst due to adsorption and reaction. This is probably because the time is shortened.
- a circulation fuel cell system was configured.
- a purifying device for purifying a substance discharged from the anode of the fuel cell was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1. However, the internal temperature of the purification device was kept at 30 ° C.
- a fuel cell system H as shown in Fig. 3 was configured using the above purification device.
- As the fuel cell a stack in which 10 single cells each composed of the same anode, force sword and polymer electrolyte membrane as in Example 1 were stacked was used.
- An aqueous methanol solution was supplied from the fuel tank to the anode of the fuel cell via a fuel pump. Air was supplied to the power sword from outside air via an air pump.
- the substance discharged from the anode of the fuel cell passes through a cooler set at 25 ° C, and then is introduced into a polytetrafluoroethylene gas-liquid separator, where the gas component and the liquid component are separated. And were separated.
- the liquid component was mostly unreacted methanol and water, it was appropriately collected in a fuel tank.
- the methanol concentration in the methanol aqueous solution in the fuel tank was constantly monitored using a concentration sensor. When the methanol concentration dropped below 1.8 mol / L, methanol was replenished from the stock tank to the fuel tank until it returned to 2 mol / L.
- concentration control was performed by adjusting a valve provided in a pipe connecting the stock solution tank and the fuel tank. The opening and closing of the valve was controlled by an automatic control system communicating with the concentration sensor.
- a fuel cell system (system I) similar to that of Example 1 was configured except that the ambient temperature was set lower than 20 ° C and the internal temperature of the purification device was maintained at 20 ° C with a heater.
- Example 2 After using a purifying device manufactured in the same manner as in Comparative Example 2 including the honeycomb structure instead of the porous sheet, and after preliminarily mixing the aqueous solution discharged from the anode of the fuel cell or its vapor with air, A fuel cell similar to that of Example 1 was introduced except that air was not supplied from outside air to the flow path having only the inlet of the purification device, and no air was supplied to the flow path having the inlet and the outlet from the outside air.
- the fuel tank of the fuel cell was filled with a 2 mol / L methanol aqueous solution.
- the methanol aqueous solution was directly supplied to the anode of the fuel cell by the fuel pump so that the fuel flow rate per unit cell was 2.
- Air was supplied from outside air to the power source of the fuel cell using an air pump so that the air flow rate per unit cell was 1 L / min.
- the temperature of the fuel cell was set to 60 ° C. Thereafter, the fuel cell was continuously generated at a current density of 100 mA / cm 2 .
- the aqueous solution or vapor discharged from the anode of the fuel cell was cooled by passing through a cooler set at 25 ° C., and a liquid component was recovered by a gas-liquid separator. Amount of methanol contained in the separated gas components, 3. a 43 X 10- 5 mol / min
- ⁇ I ⁇ (o / 0) ⁇ ( 3. 43 X 10- 5 _ j3) / 3. 43 X 10- 5 ⁇ X 100
- a system including a direct fuel cell (DMFC) using methanol as an organic fuel was described.
- DMFC direct fuel cell
- the present invention is not limited to this.
- the fuel cell system of the present invention can be applied to various systems using a fuel cell as a power source without particular limitation.
- portable small electronic devices such as a mobile phone and a portable information terminal (PDA)
- PDA portable information terminal
- the fuel cell system of the present invention is also useful, for example, as a power supply system for an electric starter, an electric vehicle, a hybrid vehicle, and the like.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP05719770A EP1667269B1 (en) | 2004-03-12 | 2005-03-02 | Fuel cell system |
US10/567,437 US7670705B2 (en) | 2004-03-12 | 2005-03-02 | Fuel cell system with purifying apparatus |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2004-070444 | 2004-03-12 | ||
JP2004070444A JP4576856B2 (ja) | 2004-03-12 | 2004-03-12 | 燃料電池システム |
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WO2005088752A1 true WO2005088752A1 (ja) | 2005-09-22 |
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PCT/JP2005/003455 WO2005088752A1 (ja) | 2004-03-12 | 2005-03-02 | 燃料電池システム |
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US (1) | US7670705B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1667269B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4576856B2 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN100407490C (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2005088752A1 (ja) |
Cited By (1)
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JP2009512136A (ja) * | 2005-10-05 | 2009-03-19 | パナソニック株式会社 | 高電気性能直接酸化型燃料電池およびシステム |
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US8309259B2 (en) | 2008-05-19 | 2012-11-13 | Arizona Board Of Regents For And On Behalf Of Arizona State University | Electrochemical cell, and particularly a cell with electrodeposited fuel |
JPWO2010073699A1 (ja) * | 2008-12-26 | 2012-06-14 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 固体高分子形燃料電池 |
BR112012005186A2 (pt) * | 2009-09-18 | 2016-03-08 | Fluidic Inc | sistema de células eletroquímicas recarregáveis com uma comutação de modo de carga/descarga de eletrodo de carregamento nas células |
MX2012004237A (es) * | 2009-10-08 | 2012-10-03 | Fluidic Inc | Celda metalica-aire recargable con sistema de manejo de flujo. |
CN202721244U (zh) | 2010-06-24 | 2013-02-06 | 流体股份有限公司 | 具有阶梯形支架燃料阳极的电化学电池 |
CN202550031U (zh) | 2010-09-16 | 2012-11-21 | 流体公司 | 具有渐进析氧电极/燃料电极的电化学电池系统 |
CN102456934B (zh) | 2010-10-20 | 2016-01-20 | 流体公司 | 针对基架燃料电极的电池重置过程 |
JP5908251B2 (ja) | 2010-11-17 | 2016-04-26 | フルイディック,インク.Fluidic,Inc. | 階層型アノードのマルチモード充電 |
US11018387B2 (en) | 2016-07-22 | 2021-05-25 | Form Energy, Inc. | Moisture and carbon dioxide management system in electrochemical cells |
EP3966887A1 (en) | 2019-05-10 | 2022-03-16 | NantEnergy, Inc. | Nested annular metal-air cell and systems containing same |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN1842936A (zh) | 2006-10-04 |
JP4576856B2 (ja) | 2010-11-10 |
EP1667269B1 (en) | 2012-05-23 |
US20080213647A1 (en) | 2008-09-04 |
EP1667269A4 (en) | 2008-09-17 |
CN100407490C (zh) | 2008-07-30 |
US7670705B2 (en) | 2010-03-02 |
EP1667269A1 (en) | 2006-06-07 |
JP2005259568A (ja) | 2005-09-22 |
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