Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G63/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
  • C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
  • C08K5/10—Esters; Ether-esters
  • C08K5/101—Esters; Ether-esters of monocarboxylic acids
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
  • C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
  • C08K5/10—Esters; Ether-esters
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L67/00—Compositions of polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers

Definitions

• the present invention relates to polymer additives. It is particularly applicable to additives which reduce the coefficient of friction of a polyester polymer, such as PET.
• PET Poly(ethylene terephthalate)
• PET bottles are produced predominantly using a two stage stretch blow moulding process. Firstly a preform is produced by injection moulding. This is a relatively thick - walled part with the neck features moulded during this process. The preform is then reheated in a reheat blow machine which stretches the preform by a stretching pin and inflates it by blowing air into the mould to give the desired shape. This gives a biaxially orientated container which provides improved properties such as clarity and gas barrier performance. This is especially important for carbonated drink containers.
• PET bottles may also be manufactured by injection blow moulding which is a
• Additives that are effective in reducing the coefficient of friction of polymers are known in the industry as slip additives.
• the fabricated PET bottle must exhibit low colour and high clarity, with low taste and odour and be non-toxic. This imposes other important requirements on a slip agent in addition to its friction-reducing properties.
• the conventional slip agents of choice in the plastics industry are fatty amides. These additives are widely used in polyolefms such as polyethylene, polypropylene, and related copolymers.
• Fatty amides employed as slip additives are generally manufactured from fatty acids containing between 16 and 22 carbon atoms and are characterised by a variety of structural forms:
• Primary amides which can be either monounsaturated (as exemplified by erucamide and oleamide) or saturated (as exemplified by stearamide and behenamide)
• polyester polymers such as PET cannot be compared with polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyamides such as nylon, or other classes of polymer. Not only do they behave differently as polymers, but different slip agents are required with different polymer classes. That is to say, one cannot extrapolate or predict how a particular compound, or mixture of compounds, will perform as slip agents in one agent based on its performance as a slip agent in a different class of polymers.
• PVC polyvinyl chloride
• nylon polyamides
• slip agents are required with different polymer classes. That is to say, one cannot extrapolate or predict how a particular compound, or mixture of compounds, will perform as slip agents in one agent based on its performance as a slip agent in a different class of polymers.
• a compound of general Formula 1 as a slip agent in a polyester polymer:
• R and R 1 represent hydrocarbon moieties, each hydrocarbon moiety comprising 1 to 34 carbon atoms and wherein R and/or R 1 may be linear, branched chain, saturated or contain one or more double bonds; and wherein X represents one of the moieties:
• A represents a hydrocarbon moiety comprising 2 to 36 carbon atoms and may be linear, branched chain, saturated or contain one or more double bonds.
• the total number of carbon atoms in R, R 1 and X is greater than 16 and more preferably greater than 22.
• the total number of carbon atoms in R, R 1 and X is greater than 35.
• X represents the moiety O II -C-O- and the total number of carbon atoms in R, R 1 and X is between 23 and 44.
• the composition of general Formula 1 is selected from the group comprising stearyl stearate, stearyl behenate, behenyl behenate, ethylene glycol distearate, ethyl behenate, behenyl acetate, palmityl myristate, palmityl palmate or mixtures thereof.
• the polyester polymer is selected from the group comprising:- poly(butylenes terephthalate) poly(cyclohexanedimethyleneterephthalate) polyethylene isophthalate) poly(ethylene 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylate) poly(ethylene phthalate) poly(ethylene terephthalate).
• composition of general Formula 1 is present in said polymer in an amount of between 0.1 % to 1.0% wtwt.
• composition is present in said polymer in an amount of between 0.2% to 0.75% wt/wt.
• R and R 1 represent hydrocarbon moieties, each hydrocarbon moiety comprising 1 to 34 carbon atoms and wherein R and/or R 1 may be linear, branched chain, saturated or contain one or more double bonds; and wherein
• X represents one of the moieties:
• A represents a hydrocarbon moiety comprising 2 to 36 carbon atoms and may be linear, branched chain, saturated or contain one or more double bonds.
• R, R 1 and X is greater than
• the total number of carbon atoms in R, R 1 and X is greater than 35.
• X represents the moiety
• the slip agent of general Formula 1 is selected from the group comprising stearyl stearate, stearyl behenate, behenyl behenate, ethylene glycol distearate, ethyl behenate, behenyl acetate, palmityl myristate, palmityl palmate or mixtures thereof.
• the slip agent is preferably not a stearyl ester such as stearyl stearate or other additives specifically named in GB2152061 (Snia Fibre SpA).
• GB2152061 a stearyl ester specifically named in GB2152061
• the additives referred to in GB2152061 are described in the context of extruding fibres, not in the context of a slip additive, or in the context of preforms or bottles as in the present application.
• said polymer is selected from a group comprising:-
• slip agent(s) are present in said polyester polymer in an amount of between 0.1% to 1.0% wt/wt.
• said slip agent(s) are present in said polyesterpolymer in an amount of between 0.2% to 0.75% wt/wt.
• a method of treating a polymer to increase the slip of said polymer comprising incorporating into said polymer a composition of general Formula 1 as defined above.
• said polymer is selected from a group comprising:-
• composition of general Formula 1 is present in said polymer in an amount of between 0.1% to 1.0% wt/wt.
• said composition of general Formula 1 is present in said polymer in an amount of between 0.1% to 1.0% wt/wt.
• said container is formed from a polymer selected from a group comprising :-
• poly(butylenes terephthalate) poly(cyclohexanedimethylene terephthalate) poly(ethylene isophthalate) poly(ethylene 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylate) polyethylene phthalate) poly(ethylene terephthalate) and co-polymers thereof.
• a film made from a polyester polymer as described herein incorporating a slip agent of general Formula 1.
• said film is formed from a polymer selected from a group comprising:- poly(butylenes terephthalate) poly(cyclohexanedimethylene terephthalate) poly(ethylene isophthalate) poly(ethylene 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylate) poly(ethy!ene phthalate) poly(ethylene terephthalate) and co-polymers thereof.
• the present invention also extends to include a composition comprising a copolymer of a polyester and a compound of general Formula 1 wherein: R and R 1 represent hydrocarbon moieties, each hydrocarbon moiety comprising 1 to 34 carbon atoms and R and/or R 1 may be linear, branched chain, saturated or contain one or more double bonds; X represents one of the moieties:
• A represents a hydrocarbon moiety comprising 2 to 36 carbon atoms and may be linear, branched chain, saturated or contain one or more double bonds.
• the present invention therefore relates to the discovery of a novel range of slip additives for polyester polymers such as PET which are highly effective in lowering the coefficient of friction of the fabricated article whilst maintaining low colour and high clarity. More particularly, additives conforming to this invention afford a rapid reduction in the coefficient of friction that is maintained during long- term storage of the moulded part. This is particularly critical in the production of preforms and bottles from PET.
• PET as used herein in describing this invention has a broad meaning. It includes all polymeric and copolymeric forms of poly (ethyleneterephthalate). The compounds of this invention are also effective slip agents for other polyester polymers and copolymers as exemplified by polybutylene terephthalate and poly (ethylene naphthalate). Thus the term PET should be considered, in this context, to be a generic term to include all polymers derived from aromatic diacids including all terephthalate polymers and their derivatives, both known and those yet to be discovered.
• the additives of this invention conform to the general structure: R - X - R 1
• R and R' are hydrocarbon moieties, each comprising 1 to 34 carbon atoms, and may be linear or branched chain, and may be fully saturated or contain one or more double bonds.
• A is a hydrocarbon moiety comprising 2 to 36 carbon atoms, and may be linear or branched and be fully saturated or contain one or more double bonds.
• the total number of carbon atoms contained within R, R' and X is greater than 22 and preferably greater than 35.
• preferred additives conforming to this invention are stearyl stearate, stearyl behenate, behenyl behenate, ethylene glycol distearate, ethyl behenate, behenyl acetate, palmityl myristate, palmityl palmate or mixtures thereof.
• the additives of this invention are incorporated at levels of between 0.1% and 1% and preferably between 0.2% and 0,75% wt/wt.
• slip additives of this invention may be incorporated into the polymer by a number of processes well known to those skilled in the art. For example they may be added directly to the resin by melt dosing at the point of extrusion, by conventional masterbatch addition or by incorporation using liquid colour systems. Examples
• a PET co-polymer (IV 0.8) suitable for the manufacture of bottles and other food packaging containers by injection moulding, blow moulding or a combination of both was used.
• the PET was dried for 8 hours at 145°C and the additive coated directly onto the surface of the polymer by tumble mixing whilst the polymer was still hot.
• the PET was moulded into 100 x 50 x 2 mm plaques on a 35 tonne lock injection-moulding machine using the following conditions:
• the Coefficient of Friction (static and kinetic) of the resulting plaques were then measured on a Lloyd LRX tensile tester and a 10N load cell at the following time intervals after moulding - 1 hour, 24 hours, 1 week and 2 weeks.
• the friction method was adapted from ASTM 1894.
• the sledge weight including the plaque was 1000g and the area of surface contact between the two plaques was 50mm x 50mm (see diagram).
• the test was run over a distance of 60mm at 150mm/min. Each test was conducted 5 times for each time interval using new plaques on each run.
• a diagram of the test apparatus is shown in Figure 1.
• Formulation 1 alcohol lauryl myristyl palmityl stearyl arachidyl laurate icid myristate palmitate stearate
• Additives conforming to this invention afforded an equivalent or greater reduction in the coefficient of friction when compared with conventional amide slip agents but the polymer plaques remained clear and transparent.
• very low coefficients of friction were achieved (30%b to 50% of the blank) at addition levels of only 0.2 to 0.3%.
• esters of polyethylene glycol not conforming to this invention
• PEG 200 dierucate afforded an initial reduction in the coefficient of friction but this effect diminished over the 14-day test period. This renders compounds of this nature of little value as a long-term slip agents for PET.
• mixtures of slip agents of general formula 1 can be used in polymers and co-polymers and that such agents may also be used in combination with known slip agents.
• additives conforming to this invention provide the unique combination of a rapid and long-lasting reduction in the coefficient of friction of PET whilst maintaining low colour and high transparency.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
• Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
• Polyesters Or Polycarbonates (AREA)
• Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
• Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
• Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
• Steroid Compounds (AREA)
• Lubricants (AREA)
• Sliding-Contact Bearings (AREA)
• Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)
• Containers Having Bodies Formed In One Piece (AREA)

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Citations (4)

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• 2004
  • 2004-03-02 GB GB0404620A patent/GB2412375A/en not_active Withdrawn
• 2005
  • 2005-03-02 JP JP2007501348A patent/JP4778505B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2005-03-02 DK DK05717883T patent/DK1730226T3/da active
  • 2005-03-02 AU AU2005219636A patent/AU2005219636B2/en not_active Expired
  • 2005-03-02 CA CA2557851A patent/CA2557851C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2005-03-02 WO PCT/GB2005/000805 patent/WO2005085340A1/en not_active Ceased
  • 2005-03-02 DE DE602005016229T patent/DE602005016229D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2005-03-02 US US10/534,529 patent/US7501467B2/en active Active
  • 2005-03-02 GB GB0504468A patent/GB2411656B/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2005-03-02 CN CNA2005800067354A patent/CN1993413A/zh active Pending
  • 2005-03-02 AT AT05717883T patent/ATE440902T1/de active
  • 2005-03-02 EP EP05717883A patent/EP1730226B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2005-03-02 ES ES05717883T patent/ES2331957T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2005-03-02 BR BRPI0508127-0A patent/BRPI0508127A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
• 2006
  • 2006-08-30 IL IL177790A patent/IL177790A0/en unknown
  • 2006-09-01 ZA ZA200607330A patent/ZA200607330B/xx unknown

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