WO2005085307A1 - 高分子担持金属クラスター組成物 - Google Patents
高分子担持金属クラスター組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- C07C67/30—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by modifying the acid moiety of the ester, such modification not being an introduction of an ester group
- C07C67/31—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by modifying the acid moiety of the ester, such modification not being an introduction of an ester group by introduction of functional groups containing oxygen only in singly bound form
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- B01J31/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
- B01J31/06—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides containing polymers
- B01J31/069—Hybrid organic-inorganic polymers, e.g. silica derivatized with organic groups
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- B01J31/165—Polymer immobilised coordination complexes, e.g. organometallic complexes
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- C07C17/10—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by replacement by halogens of hydrogen atoms
- C07C17/14—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by replacement by halogens of hydrogen atoms in the side-chain of aromatic compounds
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- C07C45/61—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by reactions not involving the formation of >C = O groups
- C07C45/67—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by reactions not involving the formation of >C = O groups by isomerisation; by change of size of the carbon skeleton
- C07C45/68—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by reactions not involving the formation of >C = O groups by isomerisation; by change of size of the carbon skeleton by increase in the number of carbon atoms
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- C07C49/76—Ketones containing a keto group bound to a six-membered aromatic ring
- C07C49/794—Ketones containing a keto group bound to a six-membered aromatic ring having unsaturation outside an aromatic ring
- C07C49/796—Ketones containing a keto group bound to a six-membered aromatic ring having unsaturation outside an aromatic ring polycyclic
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- C07C67/30—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by modifying the acid moiety of the ester, such modification not being an introduction of an ester group
- C07C67/333—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by modifying the acid moiety of the ester, such modification not being an introduction of an ester group by isomerisation; by change of size of the carbon skeleton
- C07C67/343—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by modifying the acid moiety of the ester, such modification not being an introduction of an ester group by isomerisation; by change of size of the carbon skeleton by increase in the number of carbon atoms
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- C08F212/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an aromatic carbocyclic ring
- C08F212/02—Monomers containing only one unsaturated aliphatic radical
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- C08F212/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an aromatic carbocyclic ring
- C08F212/02—Monomers containing only one unsaturated aliphatic radical
- C08F212/04—Monomers containing only one unsaturated aliphatic radical containing one ring
- C08F212/14—Monomers containing only one unsaturated aliphatic radical containing one ring substituted by heteroatoms or groups containing heteroatoms
- C08F212/22—Oxygen
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- B01J2231/00—Catalytic reactions performed with catalysts classified in B01J31/00
- B01J2231/40—Substitution reactions at carbon centres, e.g. C-C or C-X, i.e. carbon-hetero atom, cross-coupling, C-H activation or ring-opening reactions
- B01J2231/42—Catalytic cross-coupling, i.e. connection of previously not connected C-atoms or C- and X-atoms without rearrangement
- B01J2231/4205—C-C cross-coupling, e.g. metal catalyzed or Friedel-Crafts type
- B01J2231/4261—Heck-type, i.e. RY + C=C, in which R is aryl
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- B01J2231/00—Catalytic reactions performed with catalysts classified in B01J31/00
- B01J2231/60—Reduction reactions, e.g. hydrogenation
- B01J2231/64—Reductions in general of organic substrates, e.g. hydride reductions or hydrogenations
- B01J2231/641—Hydrogenation of organic substrates, i.e. H2 or H-transfer hydrogenations, e.g. Fischer-Tropsch processes
- B01J2231/643—Hydrogenation of organic substrates, i.e. H2 or H-transfer hydrogenations, e.g. Fischer-Tropsch processes of R2C=O or R2C=NR (R= C, H)
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- B01J2531/00—Additional information regarding catalytic systems classified in B01J31/00
- B01J2531/80—Complexes comprising metals of Group VIII as the central metal
- B01J2531/82—Metals of the platinum group
- B01J2531/824—Palladium
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- B01J2531/00—Additional information regarding catalytic systems classified in B01J31/00
- B01J2531/80—Complexes comprising metals of Group VIII as the central metal
- B01J2531/82—Metals of the platinum group
- B01J2531/827—Iridium
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01J2531/00—Additional information regarding catalytic systems classified in B01J31/00
- B01J2531/80—Complexes comprising metals of Group VIII as the central metal
- B01J2531/82—Metals of the platinum group
- B01J2531/828—Platinum
Definitions
- the present invention provides a composition in which a transition metal cluster such as palladium is stabilized in an amphiphilic polymer so that the metal cluster has a recoverable form without leaking, and has a function as a catalyst.
- the present invention relates to a device which can be fixed to a carrier or bonded in a net shape while maintaining the same.
- Patent Document 1 a catalyst composition in which a metal catalyst is supported on a polymer using microencapsulation has been developed. In these compositions, the problem that the supported metal leaks depending on the type of reaction.
- a method of fixing a metal cluster to the surface of a carrier has also been developed, but its catalytic activity greatly depends on the cluster size, and there is a problem that the activity decreases as the cluster size increases.
- Non-Patent Document 1 Non-Patent Document 1
- Patent document l WO2004 / 024323
- Non-Patent Document 1 J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1997, 119, 10116
- the present invention provides a composition obtained by supporting a transition metal as a fine cluster on a polymer, which is useful as a catalyst for various reactions and is easy to recover and reuse after use.
- the purpose is to provide.
- the inventors of the present application use a polymer having a specific structure, that is, a polymer in which a hydrophobic side chain (for example, an aromatic group or the like) and a hydrophilic and crosslinkable side chain are directly bonded to a main chain.
- a polymer having a specific structure that is, a polymer in which a hydrophobic side chain (for example, an aromatic group or the like) and a hydrophilic and crosslinkable side chain are directly bonded to a main chain.
- the micelle since the micelle has a crosslinkable functional group, it is possible to cause the micelle to react with beads such as resin or glass, a carrier such as a substrate, or to react with each other. As a result, it has become possible to fix the metal cluster composition to a carrier or to have a form in which a large number of micellar metal cluster compositions are three-dimensionally connected. Due to such a form, the problem of metal cluster leakage depending on the type of reaction could be solved, and the reuse efficiency could be improved. In addition, since it has become possible to form a film, it has become possible to manufacture a functional film in which fine metal clusters are dispersed.
- the present invention is a polymer-supported metal cluster composition
- a polymer-supported metal cluster composition comprising a transition metal supported on a crosslinked polymer, wherein the crosslinked polymer has a hydrophobic side chain (such as an aromatic group) and a crosslinkable polymer.
- a polymer-supported metal cluster composition obtained by crosslinking a crosslinkable polymer having a hydrophilic side chain having a functional group and having an average diameter of the metal cluster of 20 nm or less.
- the polymer-supported metal cluster composition is formed by forming a micelle in which the metal cluster is supported on the crosslinkable polymer in an appropriate solution, and then subjecting the crosslinkable polymer to a crosslinking reaction.
- a micelle in which the metal cluster is supported on the crosslinkable polymer in an appropriate solution, and then subjecting the crosslinkable polymer to a crosslinking reaction.
- the present invention provides a hydrogenation reaction, an oxidation reaction, a dehydrogenation reaction, an aryl substitution reaction, a coupling reaction (Heck, Suzuki, Stille, Hiyama, Negishi, Sonogashira reaction, Buchwald-Hartwig reaction, and Grignard reaction of this composition). Coupling reaction using a reagent, etc.), or as a catalyst for a carbanilide reaction.
- the invention's effect [0007]
- the inventors of the present invention supported a metal in a polymer micelle having a crosslinkable functional group as described above, aggregated the micelle, and subsequently crosslinked the metal micelle to form a metal cluster insoluble in any solvent.
- the polymer-supported metal cluster composition of the present invention can be used as an electrode, a selective adsorption filter, a molecular sieve filter, an adsorbent, a hydrogen storage agent, a semiconductor, and materials for manufacturing these. It can also be expected to be used as such.
- the cluster yarn composition of the present invention has a form in which a metal is supported as fine clusters in polymer micelles by interaction with a polymer.
- the metal examples include a Group 8 transition metal such as iron, ruthenium, and osmium; a Group 9 transition metal such as cobalt, rhodium, and iridium; a Group 10 transition metal such as nickel, palladium, and platinum; copper, silver, and the like. Examples include Group 11 transition metals such as gold, and Group 12 transition metals such as zinc, cadmium, and mercury. Of these, palladium, conoreto, nickel, rhodium, ruthenium, iridium, gold, and platinum are preferred. Palladium, ruthenium, iridium, gold, platinum and the like are more preferable, and palladium and platinum are particularly preferable.
- transition metals may be supported in combination of two or more.
- this metal has zero valence.
- the method for supporting the metal on the polymer is not particularly limited.
- a polymer having a structure as described above and a metal precursor are dissolved in a good solvent having an appropriate polarity. After forming the supported micelles, aggregate with a suitable polar poor solvent.
- a suitable non-polar good solvent add a suitable polar solvent to form metal-supported micelles, and further polar poor solvent.
- the hydrophobic side chain force is located inward of the formed micelle, and the hydrophilic side chain is located outward of the micelle.
- the hydrophobic side chain force is located outward of the formed micelle, and the hydrophilic side chain is located inward of the micelle.
- Metal clusters are supported in each micelle by interaction with hydrophobic side chains.
- hydrophobic side chains In the case of layered micelles and composite micelles, the positions of the hydrophobic side chains and the hydrophilic side chains are determined according to these.
- the micelle thus prepared is also included in the polymer-supported metal cluster composition of the present invention.
- Examples of good polar solvents include tetrahydrofuran (THF), dioxane, acetone, N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF), and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP). Toluene, cyclohexane, dichloromethane, chloroform can be used.
- Examples of the polar poor solvent include methanol, ethanol, butanol, and amyl alcohol
- examples of the nonpolar poor solvent include hexane, heptane, and octane.
- the concentration of metal-containing polymer micelles depends on the solvent used, but in polar solvents at low concentrations of about 0.1 to 100 mg / mL, especially about 0.1 to 10 mg / mL, micelles aggregate while maintaining a spherical shape and eventually Crosslinked metal-containing polymer micelles are obtained in the form of spheres or spheres.
- polar solvents at low concentrations of about 0.1 to 100 mg / mL, especially about 0.1 to 10 mg / mL, micelles aggregate while maintaining a spherical shape and eventually Crosslinked metal-containing polymer micelles are obtained in the form of spheres or spheres.
- micelles undergo morphological changes and change into rod-shaped micelles via lamellar micelles, and crosslinked metal-containing polymer micelles are three-dimensionally spherical or rod-shaped micelles. Form a connected network structure.
- the metal precursor refers to an appropriate compound containing an intended transition metal (for example, an oxide, a halide, a complex with a ligand, or the like). It is preferable to form a complex with a complex ligand.
- the metal in the precursor is a hydrophobic group (for example, an aromatic group or the like) of the polymer having the structure as described above.
- the supported metal can be made zero-valent by performing a reduction treatment at the time of micelle formation.
- a ligand for forming a complex for example, dimethylphenylphosphine (P (CH
- Ph diphenylphosphuinophene
- dPPf diphenylphosphuinophene
- P (CH) trimethylphosphine
- P (Et) trieti Ruphosphine
- PCBu tritert-butylphosphine
- Organic phosphine ligands such as fin, tree m-tolyl phosphine, tree p-tolyl phosphine, 1,5-cyclooctadiene (COD), dibenzylideneacetone (DBA), biviridine (BPY), phenanthroline (PHE ), Benzo-tolyl (PhCN), isocyanide (RNC), triethylarsine (As (Et)), halogen atoms such as fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine,
- organic phosphine ligands 1,5-cyclooctadiene (COD), dibenzylidene acetone (DBA), bipyridine (BPY), phenanthroline (PHE), benzo-tolyl (PhCN), isocyanide ( RNC) and triethylarsine (As (Et))
- Tri-nolephosphine is particularly preferred, while in, tri-tert-butylphosphine, and tri-o-tolylphosphine are more preferred.
- the number of ligands depends on the type of the polymer used in the preparation, the type of the metal, the conditions such as the crosslinking reaction, etc., but is usually 116.
- the polymer of the present invention needs to have a hydrophobic side chain (such as an aromatic group) and a crosslinkable hydrophilic side chain (amphiphilic polymer). That is, these side chains are directly bonded to the main chain of the polymer. It may have a plurality of these side chains.
- a hydrophobic side chain such as an aromatic group
- a crosslinkable hydrophilic side chain amphiphilic polymer
- hydrophobic side chain examples include an aromatic group and an alkyl group, and the aromatic side chain preferably contains an aromatic group!
- the aromatic group includes an aryl group and an aralkyl group.
- aryl group examples include those having 6 to 10 carbon atoms, preferably 6 carbon atoms, and specific examples include a phenyl group and a naphthyl group. Note that the number of carbon atoms defined in this specification does not include the number of carbon atoms of a substituent of the group.
- aralkyl group examples include those having 7 to 12 carbon atoms, preferably 7 to 10 carbon atoms. Specific examples thereof include benzyl, phenylethyl, phenylpropyl, phenylbutyl, and phenylpentyl groups. And a phenylhexyl group.
- the aromatic ring in the aryl group and the aralkyl group may have a hydrophobic substituent such as an alkyl group, an aryl group or an aralkyl group. It is not preferable to have a hydrophilic substituent or a reactive group.
- the alkyl group may be linear, branched, or cyclic, and may be monocyclic or polycyclic, and usually has 11 to 11 carbon atoms. 20, preferably 1 to 12, and specifically, for example, methyl group, ethyl group, n_propyl group, isopropyl group, n-butyl group, isobutyl group, sec-butyl group, tert-butyl group Group, n_pentyl group, isopentyl group, sec-pentyl group, tert-pentyl group, neopentyl group, n-hexyl group, isohexyl group, sec-hexyl group, tert-hexyl group, n-heptyl Group, isoheptinol group, sec-heptinol group, tert-heptinol group, n-octynole
- aryl group and the aralkyl group which may be possessed by the aromatic ring include the same groups as the aryl group and the aralkyl group as the aromatic groups as described above.
- aromatic rings may have, and the substituent may be usually substituted with 115, preferably 112, aromatic rings in the aryl and aralkyl groups.
- alkyl group as the hydrophobic side chain examples include those similar to the alkyl group that the aromatic ring has as described above.
- the hydrophilic side chain having a crosslinkable functional group comprises only a hydrophilic crosslinkable functional group.
- the hydrophilic side chain may have a crosslinkable functional group attached to the main chain of the hydrophilic side chain, but the main chain of the hydrophilic side chain preferably has a crosslinkable functional group attached thereto.
- crosslinkable functional group examples include an epoxy group, a carboxyl group, an isocyanate group, a thioisocyanate group, a hydroxyl group, a primary or secondary amino group, and a thiol group.
- the polymer when the crosslinkable functional group is an epoxy group, a carboxyl group, an isocyanate group or a thiosocyanate group, the polymer further comprises a hydroxyl group, a primary or secondary amino group, and a thiol group, preferably a hydroxyl group or a primary group. Alternatively, it may have a secondary amino group, more preferably a hydroxyl group.
- Preferable combinations of the crosslinkable functional groups contained in the polymer include only an epoxy group, an epoxy group and a hydroxyl group, an epoxy group and an amino group, an epoxy group and a phenolic group, an isocyanate group or a thioisocyanate group only. And an isocyanate group and a hydroxyl group, an isocyanate group and an amino group, an isocyanate group and a carboxyl group, only a carboxyl group, only a hydroxyl group, a hydroxyl group and a carboxyl group, and a carboxyl group and an amino group. Of these, only epoxy groups and combinations of epoxy groups and hydroxyl groups are preferred.
- the crosslinkable functional groups may be contained in the same hydrophilic side chain or in different hydrophilic side chains. Preferably, it is included.
- the main chain of the hydrophilic side chain may be a relatively short alkyl group, for example, an alkylene group having about 116 carbon atoms, but R 9 (OR 10 ) R 9 (COOR 10 ) — Or R 9 (C mn
- R 1G each independently represents an alkylene group having 2 to 4, preferably 2 carbon atoms, m, n and p are an integer of 1 to 10, and o is 1 or 2 Represent.
- Those having a main chain represented by ()) are preferred because they are hydrophilic.
- Such preferred backbones include CH (CH)
- the macromolecule may be any as long as it has these side chains! Those obtained by polymerizing monomers having these side chains are preferable.
- a monomer those having a double bond or a triple bond for addition polymerization, for example, a vinyl group, an acetylene group or the like, preferably a vinyl group are preferred.
- crosslinkable polymers are:
- the same type of monomer may include two or more different monomers.
- This 1) a monomer having a hydrophobic side chain, a hydrophilic side chain having a crosslinkable functional group, and a polymerizable double bond is represented by the following general formula:
- R 2 is preferred.
- R 1 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 16 carbon atoms, preferably a hydrogen atom.
- R 2 represents a C 6-14, preferably C 6 aryl group, such as a phenyl group or a naphthyl group, preferably a phenyl group.
- R 3 is the same as the main chain of the covalent bond, an alkylene group having 1 one 6 carbon atoms, R 9 (OR 1G
- R 1G independently represents an alkylene group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms; m, n and p each represent an integer of 1 to 10; and o represents 1 or 2; ).
- R 4 represents a carboxyl group, an isocyanate group, a thioisocyanate group, a hydroxyl group, a primary or secondary amino group, a thiol group, or an epoxy group represented by the following formula (Chem. 2 or 3) Represent It is preferably an epoxy group, a carboxyl group, an isocyanate group, more preferably an epoxy group, a carboxyl group, and most preferably an epoxy group. These may be protected with a suitable group.
- R 5 is C 1 -C one 6, preferably 1 one 4, more preferably represents a 1 one 2 alkylene group.
- the alkylene group may be linear, branched or cyclic, for example, methylene, ethylene, trimethylene, propylene, methylmethylene, methylethylene, ethylmethylene, tetramethylene, pentamethylene. Group, hexamethylene group, cyclopropylene group, cyclopentylene group, cyclohexylene group and the like.
- R 6 and R 7 hydrogen or C 1 one 6 carbon atoms are each independently preferably 1 one 4, yet good Mashiku 1 one 2 alkyl group, preferably a hydrogen atom.
- R 6 may form a 3- to 6-membered ring bonded to R 5 or R 7 .
- the 3- to 6-membered ring include a cyclopropane ring, a cyclobutane ring, a cyclopentane ring, a cyclohexane ring and the like.
- R 1 -CH C-R 1 1
- R 2 is preferred.
- R 1 and R 2 are independently defined as above.
- R 11 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 116, preferably 114, and more preferably 112 carbon atoms.
- Styrene-based monomers are preferred as such monomers.
- Styrene-based monomers include, for example, styrene, ⁇ -methylstyrene, j8-methylstyrene, ⁇ -ethylstyrene, 0-methylstyrene, m-methylstyrene, p-methylstyrene, and among others, styrene and (X-methylstyrene) Styrene is preferred, especially styrene is preferred!
- R 11 The one represented by R 11 is preferred.
- R 3 , R 4 and R 11 are independently defined as above.
- X and X ′ each represent, for example, an epoxy group and a hydrogen atom, respectively. Further, x, y and z represent 0 or a positive A unit having two units selected from the units (monomer) 13 to 13), a unit having all 13 units, and the like.
- Unit 1 has only a hydrophobic side chain (aromatic group)
- unit 2 has both a hydrophobic side chain (aromatic group) and a hydrophilic side chain
- unit 3 has only a hydrophilic side chain. It is important to combine these units to balance the hydrophobic and hydrophilic side chains.
- the butyl monomers corresponding to units 2 and 3 were prepared by the etherification reaction of the following nodogenyidani virgin conjugates with, for example, polyethylene glycol, and further, for example, by the etherification reaction with a halogenated epoxy compound such as epichlorohydrin. Obtainable.
- a micelle can be formed by dissolving such a polymer and the above-mentioned metal precursor in an appropriate solvent as described above, and further adding another solvent as necessary.
- the metal precursor is first incorporated into the hydrophobic portion of the micelle, and a metal cluster is generated by the elimination of the ligand coordinated to the metal precursor or by a reduction treatment.
- the metal clusters receive electrons from the aromatic ring of the polymer and are stabilized even in a minute state.
- the size of the micelle is usually about 5 nm to 3 ⁇ m, preferably about 10 nm to 1 ⁇ m, and more preferably about 10 nm to 500 nm.
- the average diameter of one metal cluster supported on this is 20 nm or less, preferably 0.3-20 nm, more preferably 0.3-10 nm, further preferably 0.3-5 nm, even more preferably 0.3-2 nm, and still more preferably Is 0.3-lnm, and it is considered that many metal clusters are uniformly dispersed in the hydrophobic part of the micelle.
- the metal since the metal is formed into a minute cluster (a minute metal lump), the metal can exhibit high catalytic activity (see Example 2 described later).
- the diameter of the metal cluster is determined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) or extended X-ray absorption fine structure ( EXAFS).
- the EXAFS spectrum is a spectrum obtained by the interference between the photoelectrons emitted by X-ray irradiation and the backscattering of the photoelectrons reflected on nearby atoms, and appears on the higher energy side than the absorption edge of the X-ray absorption spectrum.
- information on the type, interatomic distance and number (coordination number: CN) of nearby atoms can be obtained.
- the coordination number it is possible to estimate the number of atoms and the cluster diameter.
- the 13-atom cluster which is said to be computationally stable, has a coordination number of 5.53 and a cluster diameter of 0.83 nm.
- the micelles carrying the metal clusters can be cross-linked by the cross-linkable functional group. Crosslinking stabilizes the micelles and prevents leakage of the supported metal clusters.
- cross-linkable functional groups in the polymer constituting the single micelle can be bonded to each other, or adjacent micelles can be bonded to each other. Further, these micelles can be bound to a suitable carrier by utilizing a crosslinking reaction.
- the cross-linking reaction can be caused by heating or ultraviolet irradiation depending on the type of the cross-linkable functional group.
- the crosslinking reaction is a conventionally known method for crosslinking the linear organic polymer compound used, for example, a method using a crosslinking agent, a method using a condensing agent, Using a radical polymerization catalyst such as a compound or an azoi conjugate, heating by adding an acid or a base, for example, by reacting a dehydrating condensing agent such as a carbodiimide with a suitable crosslinking agent, and the like. Can also be done.
- the temperature at which the crosslinkable functional group is crosslinked by heating is usually 50 to 200 ° C, preferably 70 to 180 ° C, and more preferably 100 to 160 ° C.
- the reaction time for the heat crosslinking reaction is usually 0.1 to 100 hours, preferably 1 to 50 hours, more preferably 2 to 10 hours.
- the crosslinking agent may be an epoxy group as a crosslinking functional group.
- examples of polymers having the following are polyamine compounds such as hexamethylene diamine and hexamethylene tetramine, such as polyols such as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol and glycerin, such as malonic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid and pimerine.
- Examples of a crosslinking agent such as polycarboxylic acids such as acid, maleic acid, and fumaric acid, and anhydrides thereof, and polymers having a carboxyl group as a crosslinkable functional group include polyhydroxy compounds such as ethylene glycol and glycerin;
- Examples of crosslinking agents such as alkylene oxide conjugates such as oxides and propylene oxide, and polymers having hydroxyl groups as crosslinking functional groups include, for example, malonic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, pimelic acid, and maleic acid.
- Fumaric acid And anhydrides thereof for example, alkylene oxide compounds such as ethylene oxide and propylene oxide, and crosslinking agents such as polyamine conjugates such as hexamethylene diamine and hexamethylene tetramine; and isocyanate groups as crosslinking functional groups.
- alkylene oxide compounds such as ethylene oxide and propylene oxide
- crosslinking agents such as polyamine conjugates such as hexamethylene diamine and hexamethylene tetramine
- isocyanate groups as crosslinking functional groups.
- the polymer having a monomer unit derived from a monomer having the same include water, for example, polyhydroxy conjugates such as ethylene glycol and glycerin, such as malonic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, pimelic acid, maleic acid, and fumaric acid.
- Polycarboxylic acids such as acids, sulfonic acids and their anhydrides, for example, crosslinking agents such as hexamethylene diamine, hexamethylene tetramine, and other polyamine conjugates, and polymers having an amino group as a crosslinking functional group include: For example, malonic acid, succinic acid, daltaric acid, adipic acid, pime Phosphate, maleic acid, polycarboxylic acids and anhydrides thereof, such as full circle acids, such as ethylene oxide, crosslinking agent alkylene oxide I ⁇ product such as propylene alkylene oxide.
- Examples of the condensing agent used for crosslinking by using the condensing agent include, for example, in the case of a polymer having a carboxyl group as a crosslinkable functional group, a dehydrating agent such as a carbodiimide such as dicyclohexylcarbodiimide.
- the amount of the cross-linking agent is influenced by the reactivity of the cross-linking reaction, the molecular weight of the polymer, the reaction conditions, and the like. Are usually added in an amount of 0.1 to 10 equivalents, preferably 0.5 to 2 equivalents, more preferably 0.8 to 1.2 equivalents. This may be appropriately increased or decreased depending on the physical properties (for example, flexibility, swelling property, etc.) expected of the intended crosslinked polymer composition.
- the amount of condensing agent depends on the reactivity of the crosslinking reaction, the molecular weight of the polymer, the reaction conditions, etc. Usually, 0.1 to 20 equivalents, preferably 0.5 to 10 equivalents, more preferably 113 equivalents, of the condensing agent is added to the crosslinkable functional group. This may be appropriately increased or decreased depending on the physical properties (for example, flexibility, swelling property, etc.) expected of the desired crosslinked polymer composition.
- the micelle can be formed into a lump or a membrane having a three-dimensional network structure, or the micelle can be fixed to a carrier.
- a cross-linking reaction between a cross-linkable functional group (for example, a hydroxyl group and a diamino group) on the surface of a carrier such as glass, silica gel, or resin and a cross-linkable functional group of a metal-containing polymer micelle, the polymer-supported metal cluster composition of the present invention is obtained.
- the object is firmly fixed on the carrier surface.
- the polymer-supported metal cluster composition of the present invention is fixed to the surface of a reaction vessel made of a suitable resin glass using the crosslinkable functional group of the micelle, the reuse can be further improved. It can be used as a simple catalyst-supporting reaction vessel.
- the crosslinked metal-containing polymer micelle thus obtained has many pores, and the supported metal forms a very small cluster of several nanometers or less. Shows high activity against This crosslinked polymer micelle can be used for hydrogenation reaction, oxidation reaction, dehydrogenation reaction, aryl substitution reaction, coupling reaction, etc., and exhibits extremely high activity especially when palladium is used as the metal.
- the resulting polymer is referred to as polymer (1) below.
- the micelles were formed by gradually caloring 40 mL of methanol to form micelles, and further adding 80 mL of methanol to coagulate the micelles. The supernatant was decanted off, washed several times with methanol, and dried under reduced pressure. Subsequently, the micelles were crosslinked by heating at 120 ° C for 2 hours. After washing with THF and drying, 1.9 g of a polymer-supported Pd cluster composition was obtained. The Pd content was 0.40 mmol / g.
- a crosslinked metal-containing polymer micelle is obtained (Fig. If, Fig. 2a).
- the shape of the micelles is a three-dimensional network structure with pores that can be spherical or rod-like micelles ( Figure If, Figure 2a).
- the diameter of the spherical or rod-like micelles is about 20-50 nm, and the specific surface area (BET method) m 2 / g.
- the polymer-containing polymer micelles dispersed in the micelle solution can be cross-linked while maintaining their spherical shape ( Figure lb). Aggregation on a carrier is preferred.
- the micelles were spherical or rod-shaped, and their diameter was about 100-500 nm.
- Example 5
- t-amyl alcohol 100 mL of t-amyl alcohol was gradually added to form micelles.
- Hydroxymethylpolystyrene (Nova biochem: trade name Hydroxymethylpolystyrene, 100-200mesh)
- the micelles were agglomerated on 2 g) of hydroxymethyl i-dani fat. The supernatant was decanted off, washed several times with methanol, and dried under reduced pressure. Subsequently, the micelles were crosslinked by heating at 120 ° C for 2 hours. After washing with THF and drying, 1.73 g of a polymer-supported Pd cluster composition supported on hydroxymethyl i-dye was obtained. The Pd content was 0.009 mmol / g.
- the micelles were spherical in shape, with diameters of about 200-500 nm (Fig. 2c).
- the crosslinked Pd cluster composition of this example is a type having a lower palladium content than the crosslinked Pd cluster monofilament of Example 5.
- Polymer-supported Pd cluster composition (expressed as PIPd in the above formula) (62.6 mg, 0.025 mmol) obtained in Example 1, eodobenzene (102 mg, 0.5 mmol) ethinole atelinoleate (75.2 mg, 0.75 mmol) carbonic acid Potassium (138.2 mg, 1 mmol) N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (expressed as NMP in the above formula) (5 mL) was mixed and stirred at 120 ° C for 1 hour. After ethanol was removed, filtration was performed to remove the polymer-supported Pd cluster composition. The filtrate was concentrated and the residue was extracted with getyl ether.
- Cross-linked Pd cluster composition supported on hydroxymethylated resin. Heck J used.
- Cross-linked Pd cluster composition supported on hydroxymethyl i-dang resin obtained in Example 6 (19.1 mg, 1.5 X 10- 5 mmol) , mixed Yodobenzen (1.02 g, 5 mmol) Echiru acrylate (0.75 g, 7.5 mmol) potassium carbonate (1.38 g, 10 mmol) N- methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (10 mL) Then, the mixture was stirred at 120 ° C for 24 hours. After removing ethanol, the mixture was filtered to remove the crosslinked Pd cluster composition. The filtrate was concentrated and the residue was extracted with getyl ether.
- the crosslinked Pd cluster composition obtained in Example 2 (12.5 mg, 0.005 mmol), 4'-acetoacetophenone (123.0 mg, 0.5 mmol), phenylacetylene (63.8 mg, 0.625 mmol), cesium carbonate (325.8 mg , 1 mmol), N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (2 mL) and toluene (3 mL) were mixed and stirred at 80 ° C for 8 hours. After ethanol was removed, the mixture was filtered to remove the crosslinked Pd cluster composition.
- Example 2 50 mg of the polymer micelle obtained in the same manner as in Example 2 is mixed with 100 mL of a 2% aqueous gelatin solution at 50 ° C. to prepare a polymer dispersion composition.
- This dispersion composition was applied on a cellulose triacetate film, which was previously coated with an aqueous gelatin solution and dried, by coating with a wire bar coater and dried, whereby the polymer-supported metal cluster composition was supported on the cellulose triacetate film. Is obtained.
- Polymer (2) (2.0 g) and Pd (PPh) (2.0 g) were dissolved in 40 mL of dichloromethane and stirred for 12 hours.
- Table 1 summarizes the results of Example 15 and Comparative Example 1 and the measurement results of the amount of Pd leached into the reaction solution.
- Example 15 the leaching of Pd was observed (nd), whereas in Comparative Example 1, leakage of Pd was observed. This is probably because the crosslinked Pd-containing polymer used in Comparative Example 1 did not form micelles like the polymer-supported metal cluster composition of the present invention. In Example 15, the yield was higher than in Comparative Example 1. This is considered to be due to the high catalytic activity because the Pd cluster supported on the polymer-supported metal cluster composition of the present invention is very small.
- the present invention provides a composition in which an extremely fine metal cluster is stably supported on a polymer, that is, a polymer-supported metal cluster composition.
- a polymer-supported metal cluster composition When used, it is possible to create various forms of polymer-metal composites such as porous, spherical, rod-shaped, layered, and membrane-shaped, and such composite materials can be used not only as catalysts but also for various functional membranes, It can be applied in various fields such as chemical sensors, data storage devices, electrodes, selective adsorption filters, molecular sieve filters, adsorbents, hydrogen storage agents, semiconductors, and materials for their production.
- FIG. 1 is a view showing a transmission electron microscope (TEM) photograph of the polymer-supported metal cluster composition of the present invention.
- b is by heating Micelle after cross-linking
- c is a polymer cross-linked by using a microwave-Pd micelle
- Fig. 2 shows a scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph of the polymer-supported metal cluster composition of the present invention.
- a indicates a three-dimensional network of polymer Pd micelles
- b indicates micelles fixed to glass
- c indicates micelles fixed to hydroxymethyl terephthalic acid
- d indicates micelles fixed to aminomethyl tertiary resin.
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Abstract
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EP05720120.4A EP1739104B1 (en) | 2004-03-08 | 2005-03-07 | Polymer-supported metal cluster compositions |
JP2006510759A JP5055525B2 (ja) | 2004-03-08 | 2005-03-07 | 高分子担持金属クラスター組成物 |
US10/590,206 US8110519B2 (en) | 2004-03-08 | 2005-03-07 | Polymer-supported metal cluster composition |
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JP2016175075A (ja) * | 2016-03-18 | 2016-10-06 | 公立大学法人首都大学東京 | 金クラスター触媒 |
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JP5055525B2 (ja) | 2012-10-24 |
EP1739104B1 (en) | 2014-07-09 |
US20080058200A1 (en) | 2008-03-06 |
CN100543050C (zh) | 2009-09-23 |
EP1739104A1 (en) | 2007-01-03 |
CN1930197A (zh) | 2007-03-14 |
JPWO2005085307A1 (ja) | 2007-12-13 |
US8110519B2 (en) | 2012-02-07 |
EP1739104A4 (en) | 2009-01-07 |
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