WO2005084886A1 - Vorrichtung zum herstellen einer fertigkontur eines werkstücks durch schleifen und verfahren dazu - Google Patents
Vorrichtung zum herstellen einer fertigkontur eines werkstücks durch schleifen und verfahren dazu Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2005084886A1 WO2005084886A1 PCT/EP2005/001326 EP2005001326W WO2005084886A1 WO 2005084886 A1 WO2005084886 A1 WO 2005084886A1 EP 2005001326 W EP2005001326 W EP 2005001326W WO 2005084886 A1 WO2005084886 A1 WO 2005084886A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- grinding
- contour
- workpiece
- measured values
- measuring
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 58
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000015654 memory Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013500 data storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007730 finishing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011089 mechanical engineering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012549 training Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B19/00—Single-purpose machines or devices for particular grinding operations not covered by any other main group
- B24B19/08—Single-purpose machines or devices for particular grinding operations not covered by any other main group for grinding non-circular cross-sections, e.g. shafts of elliptical or polygonal cross-section
- B24B19/12—Single-purpose machines or devices for particular grinding operations not covered by any other main group for grinding non-circular cross-sections, e.g. shafts of elliptical or polygonal cross-section for grinding cams or camshafts
- B24B19/125—Single-purpose machines or devices for particular grinding operations not covered by any other main group for grinding non-circular cross-sections, e.g. shafts of elliptical or polygonal cross-section for grinding cams or camshafts electrically controlled, e.g. numerically controlled
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B49/00—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49229—Prime mover or fluid pump making
- Y10T29/49293—Camshaft making
Definitions
- the invention relates to a device according to the preamble of patent claim 1 and a method according to the preamble of patent claim 8.
- the raw parts When machining workpieces using grinding, the raw parts must have a contour that has an oversize within a tolerance band compared to the dimension of the finished parts. Since the raw parts meet the tolerance band differently, the grinding program is usually designed in such a way that a tactile approach to the material is achieved, which leads to unnecessary air overflows (air grinding), with no material being removed. These air overflows take up unnecessary manufacturing time.
- cams and other functional components of camshafts are manufactured as raw parts according to tolerance specifications and mounted on the camshaft. This creates a tolerance band in which the outer contour of the uncut, assembled cams / functional components moves. This contour is called the blank contour. This blank contour must have a grinding allowance.
- the cams, bearings and any other functional surfaces are ground.
- the grinding allowance is removed.
- the measurement is necessary to obtain a really ground surface at the end of the machining and to ensure that the target contour (finished contour) is not undershot.
- grinding is carried out in several work steps in such a way that the grinding wheel is program-controlled very quickly moved to the outer circumference of the raw part contour, which is extremely possible considering the permissible tolerance, and then the actual grinding process begins.
- the grinding wheel is moved in a program-controlled manner at the specified feed rate and speed at the target dimension of the finished contour to be ground. This feed movement is relatively slow so that the workpiece to be ground does not overheat and the grinding wheel is not damaged.
- the infeed speed is set faster at the beginning (roughing) and later slower (finishing, fine finishing). No further infeed occurs when the target contour is reached.
- the workpiece is sparked free. After a certain duration of free sparking, the workpiece has the desired dimension, ie the finished contour, and the process is ended by quickly moving back the grinding wheel.
- the delivery movements that follow one another several times are referred to as several work steps.
- the programs required to control the grinding wheels include values for axial and radial feeds (workpiece speeds) as well as radial infeeds with which the grinding wheels are approached to the workpiece. There are grinding machines with one and grinding machines with several spindles.
- the object of the invention is to provide a device and a method with which the time required for the production of a finished contour of a workpiece having a blank contour by grinding in several operations is reduced as much as possible and yet a tool breakage or inadmissible heating of components is prevented.
- this object is achieved according to the invention by a device having the features of claim 1.
- Advantageous training and further developments are described in claims 2 to 7.
- the object is achieved by a method having the features of the patent claim
- the solution described above advantageously ensures that unnecessary air grinding, which extends the processing time, is avoided.
- the measure that the measurement is functionally separated from the grinding machine further advantageously reduces the working time on the grinding machine, which is expensive compared to a testing device.
- the invention relates to a device for grinding a finished contour of cams of a camshaft with a grinding machine and a control device controlling it, whereby grinding programs can be specified by the control device, which default values with regard to the grinding parameters speed of the abrasive and / or the workpiece, feed, Infeed and axial position of the workpiece include.
- the device preferably has the following components: • a measuring device for measuring the rough contour of the workpiece to be ground;
- the data connection is represented by means of a fixed connection, for example via cable, radio, etc., or by means of a non-fixed connection, for example via a diskette or markings on the workpiece - the respective camshaft - etc.
- both data connections are designed as fixed connections in the form of cables.
- the data is transmitted via the usual protocols or bus systems used in industrial control technology, such as Profibus or Interbus.
- the process computer can be an industrial-grade personal computer, a microcomputer or another data processing device.
- the invention further relates to a method for producing a finished contour of a workpiece having a blank contour by grinding in a plurality of work steps, preferably on cams of a camshaft, in which the blank contour of the workpiece is ground down by a predeterminable amount in each work step, so that after the last step the finished contour of the workpiece.
- the following method steps are carried out in this method: a) the raw part contour of the workpiece is measured before the grinding process begins; b) the measured values determined are transmitted directly or indirectly to a control unit; c) depending on these measured values, either a grinding program adapted to the actual raw part contour is calculated, in which the control of the delivery of the abrasive of the grinding machine takes into account the actual raw part contour, or a predetermined and stored grinding program is selected in which the control of the delivery of the Abrasive of the grinding machine is best adapted to the actual raw part contour in comparison to the other selectable grinding programs.
- the grinding programs are determined in the following way: From the measurement of the blank contour, the extent to which the grinding wheel can be moved to the workpiece to be ground with maximum infeed speed is determined directly. Ideally, the grinding wheel is moved up to the blank contour at maximum feed speed. For safety's sake, however, the grinding wheel cannot be moved fully to the measured blank contour, but air grinding can be preset over a distance of 0.02 mm to 0.1 mm. The size is determined from the measuring accuracy of the measuring system for measuring the contours. At the same time, the grinding allowance, i.e. the thickness of the material to be ground, is determined from the measured blank contour. From this, the various areas for roughing, finishing and fine finishing grinding and thus the associated infeed speeds are determined.
- the material including the hardness and the geometric design of the workpiece to be ground, are important. Thin components cannot dissipate as much heat as thick solid components. Depending on the material properties, different amounts of heat are released at the same infeed speed. In the same way, depending on the possibility of the machine, the speeds of the workpiece and Tool set. The person skilled in the art is familiar with criteria and specifications for designing such programs.
- the grinding allowance is known in accordance with the measuring accuracy of the measuring system.
- the grinding program with the optimal delivery program is determined in accordance with the usual methods in grinding technology. This means that the fastest possible infeed is set, precisely adjusted, in which the workpiece has not yet overheated and the finished contour has been reached precisely.
- the energy and power input resulting from the grinding process is essential so that grinding errors such as grinding burn and soft skin formation can be prevented.
- the permissible feed rate also depends on the material.
- the roughing and finishing and fine finishing processes are precisely coordinated in the invention.
- the grinding program which is adapted to the grinding allowance to be sanded, often leads to optimized and shortened grinding times, e.g. the infeed path for roughing can be increased compared to finishing, while the air grinding phase is reduced to a minimum or even eliminated.
- a large number of precalculated programs with their respective assignment to a specific blank contour are stored in the process computer.
- the program assigned to the measured blank contour is selected by the process computer.
- the energy and / or power balance can be used here as a calculation criterion.
- the maximum permissible delivery paths per revolution of the workpiece and mathematically determines the grinding program with the delivery program, which minimizes the machining time.
- the method according to the invention can be used for camshafts with any number of cams as well as other functional components to be ground.
- a separate grinding program can be selected for each component or, in simpler cases, the same grinding program can also be selected for groups of functional components.
- the data for controlling the grinding machine is transmitted either in the block of all grinding programs required for the corresponding parts or piece by piece, depending on requirements, immediately before the grinding wheel is delivered to the appropriate position.
- the components are provided with markings, such as serial numbers, barcodes or the like, which are linked in the process computer to the measurement data of the blank contours. This data can then also be transmitted off-line to the control of the grinding machine. When the shafts enter the grinding machine, these codes are read and the associated programs are loaded from them. In a further development, the marking is directly the marking of the grinding programs to be used.
- markings such as serial numbers, barcodes or the like
- Figure 1 shows the schematic structure of the inventive device for grinding camshafts.
- FIG. 2 shows the cam and the position of the finished part contour as well as the lower and upper tolerance limit of the raw part contour.
- FIG. 1 shows schematically how the camshaft 1 with the functional component 2 to be ground, for example the cam, is in the measuring station for measuring the blank contour at the end of the assembly line (not shown here).
- the profile data of the cam 2 are recorded using a sensor system 13 used for measuring, in this example a probe or a laser triangulation device.
- the measured values are fed to a process computer 5 via the signal line 9.
- the process computer 5 has a data memory 7 for storing a plurality of grinding programs, which in particular contain delivery programs.
- the process computer 5 has an arithmetic unit 6, a second data memory 8 and corresponding internal data lines 10, which are usually implemented by a data bus.
- a corresponding grinding program is selected from the data memory 7 and stored in the data memory 8.
- the corresponding grinding program which in particular contains the corresponding delivery program, is transmitted to the controller 4 of the grinding machine 3 via the data line 11.
- the camshaft 1 is introduced into the grinding machine 3 for processing with a corresponding transfer handling 14, for example a robot.
- the data required for controlling the grinding machine are transmitted via the control signal lines 12a and 12b and the camshaft 1 is ground in accordance with the selected control program.
- the camshaft is clearly marked after measuring the blank contour (e.g. barcode) and a control signal 12a is also transmitted to the control 4 via the control line 12a for recognizing which camshaft is currently inserted in the grinding machine.
- the marking carries the information about the measured blank contour or the grinding program to be selected.
- the controller 4 selects the corresponding grinding program from an assignment of detection signals to grinding programs.
- the controller 4 requests the grinding program from the process computer 5 based on the detection signal.
- the process computer 5 and the controller 4 can be integrated in a computing unit 15. The exact design of the computing unit can, however, be very different.
- the data lines 9, 10, 11, 12a, 12b can also be integrated in a bus system, as is customary in mechanical engineering.
- a camshaft 1 with cams 2 is selected as an example, in which the oversize of the raw parts to be ground lies within the envelopes 17 to 18.
- the oversizes at all points of the outer circumferential contour of the cam must lie within the range between the envelope curve 17 and the envelope curve 18. In the selected example, the actual oversize at any point on the contour is 0.35 mm.
- the grinding wheel must be fed in such a way that the grinding wheel never dips into the workpiece surface at the highest speed as is used for moving the wheel towards the workpiece.
- the grinding wheel is therefore moved up to the envelope curve 18 for the greatest possible oversize. Subsequently, certain infeed paths are traveled per revolution of the workpiece until in the last step, here the 7th revolution, the free sparking with infeed 0 mm takes place and the workpiece has been ground to the finished part contour 16.
- the total process time is then approximately 7 seconds, for example.
- the infeed was carried out for a path of 0.15 mm at a speed adapted to the grinding, although no grinding of material has taken place.
- This process is also referred to in technology as air loops.
- the infeeds for the first 2 revolutions are larger than in the prior art when using the method according to the invention.
- An advantageous development of the method is shown here, in which the infeed speed is adjusted as a function of the thickness of the oversize.
- grinding is usually carried out at a high feed rate (rough grinding).
- the infeed speed (finishing, fine finishing or sparking) is only reduced if the oversize is small.
- the high infeed speed during rough grinding must be such that not too much power is brought into the workpiece and accordingly the workpiece does not overheat.
- the maximum value for an oversize of 0.500 mm is an infeed of 0.400 mm every 4 revolutions up to an oversize of 0.100 mm and a corresponding performance.
- this infeed can even be increased up to an oversize of 0.100 mm, whereby the total infeed must not exceed the value of the original performance.
- the chip removal rate can be used as a measure of this.
- the method according to the invention offers further important advantages.
- the measurement before grinding enables a sorting out of shafts where the raw part contour of the functional components is already too small, i.e. is no longer within the tolerance band. In this case, the shaft can no longer become a good part even after further processing, so that grinding is no longer necessary. As a result, rejects are no longer processed and the processing times and costs required for this are saved.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Grinding And Polishing Of Tertiary Curved Surfaces And Surfaces With Complex Shapes (AREA)
- Valve-Gear Or Valve Arrangements (AREA)
- Constituent Portions Of Griding Lathes, Driving, Sensing And Control (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
MXPA06009573A MXPA06009573A (es) | 2004-02-26 | 2005-02-10 | Dispositivo para producir un contorno preformado sobre una pieza de trabajo mediante rectificado, y metodo correspondiente. |
EP05707304A EP1720683A1 (de) | 2004-02-26 | 2005-02-10 | Vorrichtung zum herstellen einer fertigkontur eines werkstü cks durch schleifen und verfahren dazu |
US10/580,060 US20080014836A1 (en) | 2004-02-26 | 2005-02-10 | Device for Production of a Pre-Formed Shape on a Workpiece by Grinding and Corresponding Method |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102004009352A DE102004009352B4 (de) | 2004-02-26 | 2004-02-26 | Vorrichtung zum Herstellen einer Fertigkontur eines Werkstücks durch Schleifen und Verfahren dazu |
DE102004009352.0 | 2004-02-26 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2005084886A1 true WO2005084886A1 (de) | 2005-09-15 |
Family
ID=34853724
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2005/001326 WO2005084886A1 (de) | 2004-02-26 | 2005-02-10 | Vorrichtung zum herstellen einer fertigkontur eines werkstücks durch schleifen und verfahren dazu |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20080014836A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1720683A1 (de) |
CN (1) | CN1921984A (de) |
DE (1) | DE102004009352B4 (de) |
MX (1) | MXPA06009573A (de) |
WO (1) | WO2005084886A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CH701168B1 (de) * | 2007-08-17 | 2010-12-15 | Kellenberger & Co Ag L | Verfahren und Bearbeitungsmaschine zur Behandlung von Werkstücken. |
DE202009014739U1 (de) * | 2009-10-20 | 2011-03-10 | Schaudt Mikrosa Gmbh | Schleifmaschine mit zwei Spindelsätzen |
EP2768630B1 (de) * | 2011-10-19 | 2016-12-07 | Walter Maschinenbau GmbH | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur bearbeitung eines rotationswerkzeugs mit einer vielzahl von schneidkörpern |
CN102528614A (zh) * | 2011-12-12 | 2012-07-04 | 潘旭华 | 一种非圆磨削加工轮廓精度的控制方法 |
SE538599C2 (sv) | 2014-05-23 | 2016-09-27 | Scania Cv Ab | Förfarande för slipning av ett arbetsstycke och förfarande för bestämning av processparametrar |
JP6614978B2 (ja) * | 2016-01-14 | 2019-12-04 | 株式会社荏原製作所 | 研磨装置及び研磨方法 |
CN106181593B (zh) * | 2016-08-31 | 2019-07-16 | 中车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司 | 一种轨道车辆侧墙自动化拉丝系统及拉丝工艺 |
CN106705861B (zh) * | 2016-12-29 | 2023-04-07 | 重庆洪凡汽车科技有限公司 | 规格制品生产信息生成系统及生产方法 |
CN109397072A (zh) * | 2017-08-18 | 2019-03-01 | 均豪精密工业股份有限公司 | 工件加工方法及加工系统 |
CN109029327A (zh) * | 2018-06-07 | 2018-12-18 | 信利光电股份有限公司 | 2.5d盖板样品的弧轮廓度测试方法及2.5d盖板的制作方法 |
DE102019107694A1 (de) * | 2019-03-26 | 2020-10-01 | Homag Bohrsysteme Gmbh | Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Maschine |
JP6949896B2 (ja) * | 2019-03-27 | 2021-10-13 | ファナック株式会社 | 砥石選定装置及び砥石選定方法 |
CN111604719B (zh) * | 2020-06-02 | 2021-08-10 | 湖北大学 | 一种外圆磨自适应高效率大磨削量纵磨方法 |
CN112809479B (zh) * | 2021-01-18 | 2023-08-15 | 广东钶锐锶数控技术股份有限公司 | 一种磨削加工的加工方法和加工装置 |
CN114227389B (zh) * | 2021-12-29 | 2023-04-18 | 东风汽车有限公司东风日产乘用车公司 | 凸轮轴磨削方法 |
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US4905418A (en) * | 1988-05-19 | 1990-03-06 | Fortuna-Werke Maschinenfabrik Gmbh | Process for grinding cams of a camshaft |
EP0811897A1 (de) * | 1996-06-07 | 1997-12-10 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft, Patentabteilung AJ-3 | Schleifverfahren für eine rechnergestützte Werkzeugmaschine, insbesondere Schleifmaschine zum Formschleifen, vor allem von Steuernocken einer Nockenwelle |
JP2001212757A (ja) * | 2000-02-03 | 2001-08-07 | Nippei Toyama Corp | 研削方法及び研削装置 |
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CH631646A5 (en) * | 1978-09-06 | 1982-08-31 | Meseltron Sa | Process for the external cylindrical grinding of a plurality of diameters of a workpiece in a mount |
US4570389A (en) * | 1984-01-30 | 1986-02-18 | The Warner & Swasey Company | Method of adaptive grinding |
JPH0698554B2 (ja) * | 1986-09-22 | 1994-12-07 | 豊田工機株式会社 | 数値制御加工装置 |
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DE19857364A1 (de) * | 1998-12-11 | 2000-06-29 | Junker Erwin Maschf Gmbh | Verfahren und Schleifmaschine zur Prozeßführung beim Schälschleifen eines Werkstückes |
JP4051872B2 (ja) * | 2000-09-29 | 2008-02-27 | 株式会社ジェイテクト | 加工部の測定方法及び加工方法 |
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2004
- 2004-02-26 DE DE102004009352A patent/DE102004009352B4/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2005
- 2005-02-10 US US10/580,060 patent/US20080014836A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-02-10 MX MXPA06009573A patent/MXPA06009573A/es not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2005-02-10 WO PCT/EP2005/001326 patent/WO2005084886A1/de active Application Filing
- 2005-02-10 EP EP05707304A patent/EP1720683A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2005-02-10 CN CN200580006025.1A patent/CN1921984A/zh active Pending
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US4905418A (en) * | 1988-05-19 | 1990-03-06 | Fortuna-Werke Maschinenfabrik Gmbh | Process for grinding cams of a camshaft |
EP0811897A1 (de) * | 1996-06-07 | 1997-12-10 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft, Patentabteilung AJ-3 | Schleifverfahren für eine rechnergestützte Werkzeugmaschine, insbesondere Schleifmaschine zum Formschleifen, vor allem von Steuernocken einer Nockenwelle |
JP2001212757A (ja) * | 2000-02-03 | 2001-08-07 | Nippei Toyama Corp | 研削方法及び研削装置 |
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Title |
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PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 2000, no. 25 12 April 2001 (2001-04-12) * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20080014836A1 (en) | 2008-01-17 |
DE102004009352A1 (de) | 2005-09-15 |
CN1921984A (zh) | 2007-02-28 |
EP1720683A1 (de) | 2006-11-15 |
MXPA06009573A (es) | 2007-04-02 |
DE102004009352B4 (de) | 2006-01-19 |
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