WO2005071480A1 - 表示媒体用白色粒子及びそれを用いた情報表示装置 - Google Patents
表示媒体用白色粒子及びそれを用いた情報表示装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2005071480A1 WO2005071480A1 PCT/JP2005/001126 JP2005001126W WO2005071480A1 WO 2005071480 A1 WO2005071480 A1 WO 2005071480A1 JP 2005001126 W JP2005001126 W JP 2005001126W WO 2005071480 A1 WO2005071480 A1 WO 2005071480A1
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- information display
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/165—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field
- G02F1/166—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect
- G02F1/167—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect by electrophoresis
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/165—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field
- G02F1/166—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect
- G02F1/1671—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect involving dry toners
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/165—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field
- G02F1/1675—Constructional details
- G02F2001/1678—Constructional details characterised by the composition or particle type
Definitions
- the present invention encloses a particle group containing at least white particles or a powder fluid containing at least white particles between two opposing substrates, at least one of which is transparent, to form a particle group or a powder fluid.
- the present invention relates to white particles used in an information display device for displaying information such as an image by applying an electric field to move a particle group or a powder fluid.
- One method for solving the various problems described above is to form cells, which are separated from each other by partition walls, between a front substrate and a rear substrate, enclose particles or powder fluid in the cells, 2.
- an information display device including an information display panel that applies an electric field to a group or powder fluid and moves particles or powder fluid by Coulomb force or the like to display information such as an image.
- the above-described information display device generally uses a particle group including white particles and black particles or colored particles of other colors. These particles are produced by pulverizing a mixture obtained by melt-kneading a resin and a pigment, for example, as pulverized particles having an average particle diameter of about 9 ⁇ m.
- a white reflectance of the white particles is not sufficiently high, for example, 40% or more, there is a problem that the contrast of the displayed image cannot be obtained.
- the particles are sealed between the substrates, there is a problem that the particles are fused to the substrate if the heat resistance of the particles is not higher than the heat curing temperature of the adhesive, for example, 120 ° C. or higher.
- An object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems and provide white particles for a display medium having high white reflectance, high contrast in a display image, and sufficient heat resistance. is there.
- the white particles for a display medium of the present invention are obtained by enclosing a particle group containing at least white particles or a powder fluid containing at least white particles between two opposed substrates, at least one of which is transparent.
- white particles used in an information display device that displays an image by applying an electric field to a powder fluid to move a particle group or a powder fluid and are composed of a resin made of methylpentene or cycloolefin and titanium oxide. It is characterized by having [0010]
- preferred examples of the white particles for image display according to the present invention include those having a white reflectance of 40% or more, and scattering white particles on a glass substrate heated to 120 ° C. in 30 minutes after in a state of heating the, Rukoto to have a heat resistance is not fused to the glass substrate, the mighty s.
- the information display device of the present invention is characterized by utilizing the white particles for a display medium having the above-described configuration.
- FIG. 1 (a) and (b) are diagrams each showing an example of a driving method in an information display panel used in an information display device using white particles of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 (a) and (b) are diagrams each showing another example of a driving method for an information display panel used in an information display device using white particles of the present invention. [FIG.
- FIG. 3 (a) and (b) are diagrams each showing an example of the structure of an information display panel used in an information display device using white particles of the present invention. [FIG.
- FIG. 4 is a view showing an example of a shape of a partition wall in an information display panel used in an information display device using white particles of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a view for explaining a measuring method for evaluating the decay of corona-charged surface potential.
- an electric field is applied to a particle group sealed between two opposing substrates.
- particles with a low potential are attracted toward the high potential side by Coulomb force
- particles with a high potential are attracted toward the low potential side by Coulomb force.
- the particles are attracted by the above, and the particles are reciprocated by the change in the direction of the electric field due to the switching of the potential, so that an image is displayed. Therefore, it is necessary to design an information display panel so that the particle groups move uniformly and maintain stability during repetition or storage.
- the force acting on the particles is not only the force attracting each other due to the Coulomb force between the particles, but also the electric image force between the electrode and the substrate, Child force, liquid bridging force, gravity, etc. can be considered.
- FIGS. 1 (a) and 1 (b) An example of an information display panel to which the present invention is applied will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 (a) and 1 (b) —FIGS. 3 (a) and 3 (b).
- FIG. 1 (b) In the example shown in Figs. 1 (a) and (b), at least two or more types of display media 3 composed of at least one type of particles and having different optical reflectances and charging characteristics (here, from a group of particles).
- a white display medium 3W and a black display medium 3B composed of particle groups) are moved perpendicularly to the substrates 1 and 2 according to the electric field applied to the substrates 1 and 2 to observe the black display medium 3B. Either a black display is made by allowing the observer to visually recognize it, or a white display is made by making the observer visually recognize the white display medium 3W.
- a partition wall 4 is formed between the substrates 1 and 2 in a lattice shape to form a cell. Further, in FIG. 1 (b), a partition wall in front is omitted.
- At least two or more kinds of display media 3 composed of at least one kind of particles and having different optical reflectances and charging characteristics (here, from a group of particles).
- a white display medium 3W and a black display medium 3B composed of particles) according to an electric field generated by applying a voltage between the electrode 5 provided on the substrate 1 and the electrode 6 provided on the substrate 2. And move it vertically to the substrates 1 and 2 to make the black display medium 3B visible to the observer for black display, or to make the white display medium 3W visible to the observer for white display.
- a partition wall 4 is formed between the substrates 1 and 2, for example, in a lattice shape to form a cell. Further, in FIG. 2 (b), a partition wall in front is omitted.
- At least one or more types of display medium 3 (here, particles
- the white display medium 3W) is moved in a direction parallel to the substrates 1 and 2 in accordance with an electric field generated by applying a voltage between the electrodes 5 and 6 provided on the substrate 1 so as to be white. Either the display medium 3W is visually recognized by the observer to perform white display, or the color of the electrode 6 or the substrate 1 is visually recognized by the observer to display the color of the electrode 6 or the substrate 1.
- a grid-like partition wall 4 is provided between the substrates 1 and 2 to form a cell. Also, in FIG. 3 (b), the partition in front is omitted.
- the white particles for a display medium of the present invention are characterized in that the white particles are composed of a resin composed of methylpentene or cycloolefin and titanium oxide, and have low refraction, low dielectric constant and heat resistance (Piccat softening). (Ref. Point, melting point) can be selected, and white particles for display media with high white reflectivity and excellent heat resistance can be obtained.
- the configuration of the information display device using the white particles of the present invention will be described, and then, this feature will be described in detail by examples.
- the substrate As for the substrate, at least one of the substrates is a transparent front substrate 2 from which the color of the particles can be confirmed from the outside of the apparatus, and a material having high visible light transmittance and good heat resistance is preferable.
- the back substrate 1 may be transparent or opaque.
- the substrate material include polymer sheets such as polyethylene terephthalate, polyetherenosanolone, polyethylene, polycarbonate, polyimide, and acrylic, and flexible sheets such as metal sheets, and glass sheets and quartz sheets. An inorganic sheet having no flexibility is used.
- the thickness of the substrate is preferably 2-5000 zm, and more preferably 5-2000 / m. If it is too thin, strength and uniformity between the boards will be maintained, and if it is more than 5000 / m, it will be thin. some inconvenience force s in the case of a display panel.
- examples of the electrode forming material include metals such as aluminum, silver, nickel, copper, and gold, and conductive materials such as ITO, indium oxide, conductive tin oxide, and conductive zinc oxide.
- Conductive polymers such as metal oxides, polyaniline, polypyrrole, and polythiophene are exemplified and appropriately selected for use.
- Examples of the method of forming the electrode include a method of forming the above-described materials into a thin film by a sputtering method, a vacuum evaporation method, a CVD (chemical vapor deposition) method, a coating method, or a method in which a conductive agent is mixed with a solvent or a synthetic resin binder.
- the electrode provided on the viewing side (display surface side) substrate needs to be transparent Force
- the electrodes provided on the rear substrate do not need to be transparent.
- the above-mentioned conductive material capable of forming a pattern can be suitably used.
- the electrode thickness is
- the thickness is preferably 3 to 1000 nm, more preferably 5 to 400 nm, as long as the conductivity is ensured and the light transmittance is not hindered.
- the material and thickness of the electrodes provided on the rear substrate are the same as those of the electrodes provided on the display substrate described above, but need not be transparent. In this case, DC or AC may be superimposed on the external voltage input.
- the shape of the partition wall 4 provided on the substrate as necessary is appropriately set optimally according to the type of the display medium involved in the display, and is not limited to a specific one. Is adjusted to 350 ⁇ m, and the height of the septum is adjusted to 10 500 ⁇ m, preferably 10 200 ⁇ m.
- the cells formed by the rib-formed partition walls are, for example, square, triangular, linear, circular, or hexagonal when viewed from the plane of the substrate. Shape and mesh shape are exemplified. It is better to make the part (area of the cell frame) corresponding to the partition wall cross-section seen from the display surface side as small as possible, which increases the sharpness of the display.
- examples of the method for forming the partition include a screen printing method, a sand blast method, a photolithography method, and an additive method. Of these, a photolithography method using a resist film is preferably used.
- the white particles of the present invention are mainly composed of a resin composed of methylpentene or cycloolefin and titanium oxide, and can contain a charge control agent, an inorganic additive, and the like, if necessary, as in the conventional case. .
- the charge control agent is not particularly limited, but examples of the charge control agent include a salicylic acid metal complex, a metal-containing azo dye, and a metal-containing oil-soluble dye (including metal ions and metal atoms). And quaternary ammonium salt compounds, liquixallene compounds, boron-containing compounds (boron benzoate complexes), and nitroimidazole derivatives.
- examples of the positive charge control agent include a nig mouth dye, a triphenylmethane-based compound, a quaternary ammonium salt-based compound, a polyamine resin, and an imidazole derivative.
- metal oxides such as ultrafine silica, ultrafine titanium oxide and ultrafine alumina, nitrogen-containing cyclic compounds such as pyridine, derivatives and salts thereof, various organic pigments, resins containing fluorine, chlorine, nitrogen, etc.
- the method for producing the particles is not particularly limited, but for example, a kneading / pulverizing method according to the case of producing an electrophotographic toner can be used. Also, a method of coating the surface of the inorganic or organic pigment particles with a resin, a charge control agent, or the like is used.
- the particles used have an average particle diameter d (0.5) force of 0.1 to 50 ⁇ m, and are preferably uniform and uniform. If the average particle diameter d (0.5) is larger than this range, the display will lack sharpness, and if smaller than this range, the cohesion between the particles will be too large, which will hinder the movement of the particles.
- the particle size distribution Span represented by the following formula is set to less than 5, preferably less than 3.
- d (0.5) is the numerical value of the particle diameter in ⁇ m where 50% of the particles are larger and 50% is smaller, and d (0.1) is the ratio of particles smaller than 10%.
- the particle diameter is expressed in ⁇ m and d (0.9) is the particle diameter in which 90% of the particles are 90% or less, expressed as ⁇ ⁇ .)
- the ratio of d (0.5) of the particle having the minimum diameter to d (0.5) of the particle having the maximum diameter is 50 or less, preferably 10 or less. It is important to do so.
- the above-mentioned particle size distribution and particle size can be determined by a laser diffraction / scattering method or the like.
- a laser beam is irradiated on the particles to be measured, a light intensity distribution pattern of diffraction / scattered light is generated spatially, and since this light intensity pattern has a correspondence with the particle size, the particle size and the particle size distribution can be measured. .
- the particle size and the particle size distribution are obtained from the volume-based distribution. Specifically, using a Mastersizer2000 (Malvern Instruments Ltd.) measuring instrument, the particles are put into a nitrogen gas stream, and the attached analysis software (software based on volume-based distribution using Mie theory) is used. Measurement of particle size and particle size distribution can be performed.
- Mastersizer2000 Malvern Instruments Ltd.
- the attached analysis software software based on volume-based distribution using Mie theory
- the stability of the resin constituting the particles in particular, the water absorption and the solvent insolubility.
- the water absorption of the resin constituting the particles enclosed between the substrates is preferably 3% by weight or less, particularly preferably 2% by weight or less.
- the water absorption is measured according to ASTM-D570, and the measurement conditions are 23 ° C for 24 hours.
- the solvent insolubility of the particles represented by the following relational expression is preferably 50% or more, particularly preferably 70% or more.
- solvent insolubility is less than 50%, bleeding occurs on the surface of the particles during long-term storage, which affects the adhesion of the particles, hinders the movement of the particles, and may hinder image display durability.
- Solvents (good solvents) used when measuring the solvent insolubility are, for example, methylethyl ketone or the like for a fluororesin, methanol or the like for a polyamide resin, methylethylketone or toluene for an acrylic urethane resin, acetone or isopropanol for a melamine resin.
- silicone resin toluene is preferred.
- the white particles of the present invention are charged. Therefore, in order to retain the charged charge, it is preferable that the volume resistivity is 1 ⁇ 10 1 G Q'cm or more insulative, and furthermore, the particles whose charge decay evaluated by the method described below are slow. preferable.
- the particles for the display medium are arranged at an interval of 1 mm with respect to the corona discharger, a voltage of 8 KV is applied to the corona discharger to generate a corona discharge, thereby charging the surface, and measuring the surface potential of the corona discharge. Measure and judge the change.
- it is important to select and produce the constituent materials of the particles for display media so that the maximum value of the surface potential after 0.3 seconds is larger than 300 V, preferably larger than 400 V.
- the determination by this measurement may be performed by separately forming the particles for the display medium into a film having a thickness of 5100 zm by pressing, heat melting, casting, or the like, and setting the distance between the film surface and the corona discharger to 1 mm. .
- the surface potential can be measured, for example, by using a CRT2000 manufactured by QEA shown in FIG.
- a CRT2000 manufactured by QEA shown in FIG.
- both ends of the shaft of the roll having the above-described particles for display medium or film disposed on the surface thereof are held by chucks 21 and a small scale
- a measuring unit having a rotron discharger 22 and a surface voltmeter 23 separated by a predetermined distance is placed facing the surface of the display medium particles or film with a distance of lmm, and the roll is kept stationary.
- a method of measuring the surface potential while applying a surface charge by moving the measurement unit at a constant speed to one end force and the other end of the display medium particles or film disposed on a roll is preferably adopted.
- the measurement environment was temperature 25 ⁇ 3. C, humidity 55 ⁇ 5RH%.
- the charge amount of the particles naturally depends on the measurement conditions. However, the charge amount of the particles in the information display panel substantially depends on the initial charge amount, the contact with the partition, the contact with the substrate, and the elapsed time. It is known that the saturation value of the charging behavior of the particles is the dominant factor, depending on the accompanying charge decay.
- the present inventors have found that by measuring each charge amount using the same carrier particles in the blow-off method, it is possible to evaluate an appropriate range of the charge characteristic value of the particles. By defining this by the surface charge density, it has been found that the charge amount of particles suitable for an information display device can be predicted.
- the measurement method is as follows. By bringing the particles and the carrier particles into sufficient contact by a blow-off method and measuring the saturated charge amount, the charge amount per unit weight of the particles can be measured. Then, the surface charge density of the particles can be calculated by separately calculating the average particle diameter and the specific gravity of the particles.
- the particle diameter of the particles used is small and the influence of gravity is so small that it can be ignored. Therefore, the specific gravity of the particles does not affect the movement of the particles.
- the charge amount of particles even if the average charge amount per unit weight is the same for particles of the same particle diameter, the charge amount retained when the specific gravity of the particles is doubled will be twice as large. . Therefore, it was found that it is preferable to evaluate the charging characteristics of the particles used in the information display device based on the surface charge density (unit: ⁇ C / m 2 ) irrespective of the specific gravity of the particles.
- the present inventors have found that, for particles having an average particle diameter of 0.150 ⁇ , the absolute value of the surface charge density of the two types of particles measured by the blow-off method using the same carrier particles is 10-1. It has been found that when the difference is in the range of 50 / i C / m 2 and the absolute value of the difference in surface charge density is 20-150 / i C / m 2 , it can be suitable as an information display panel.
- the “powder fluid” in the present invention is a substance in an intermediate state between a fluid and a particle that exhibits fluidity by itself without using the power of gas or liquid.
- a liquid crystal is defined as an intermediate phase between a liquid and a solid, and has fluidity, a characteristic of liquid, and anisotropy (optical properties), a characteristic of solid (Heibonsha: Encyclopedia) ).
- the definition of a particle is an object having a finite mass, even if it is negligible, and is said to be affected by gravity (Maruzen: Encyclopedia of Physics).
- particles also have a special state of gas-solid fluidized bed or liquid-solid fluid.
- the powder fluid in the present invention is in an intermediate state having both characteristics of particles and liquid, and has the characteristics of the particles described above, similarly to the definition of liquid crystal (intermediate phase between liquid and solid).
- Such a substance can be obtained in an aerosol state, that is, a dispersion system in which a solid or liquid substance is stably suspended in gas as a dispersoid, and the solid substance is regarded as a dispersoid in the information display device of the present invention. Is what you do.
- the information display device that is the object of the present invention is a powder fluid that exhibits high fluidity in an aerosol state in which solid particles are stably suspended as a dispersoid in a gas between opposed substrates, at least one of which is transparent.
- a powder fluid can be easily and stably moved by applying Coulomb force or the like when a low voltage is applied.
- the powder fluid used in the present invention is, as described above, a substance in an intermediate state between a fluid and a particle that has the characteristics of both a fluid and a particle, without using the power of gas or liquid. is there.
- the powdered fluid can be in an aerosol state, and the information display device of the present invention is used in a state where a solid substance is relatively stably suspended as a dispersoid in a gas.
- the range of the aerosol state is preferably such that the apparent volume at the time of the maximum suspension of the powder fluid is at least twice that at the time of no suspension, more preferably at least 2.5 times, particularly preferably at least 3 times. You.
- the upper limit is not particularly limited, but is preferably 12 times or less.
- the apparent volume at the time of the maximum suspension of the powder fluid is smaller than twice that of the non-floating state, it will be difficult to control the display. If the apparent volume is larger than 12 times, the powder fluid will flutter too much when enclosed in the device. Inconvenience in handling occurs.
- the apparent volume at the time of maximum suspension is measured as follows. That is, the powdered fluid is put into a closed container through which the powdered fluid can be seen, and the container itself is vibrated or dropped to create a maximum floating state, and the apparent volume at that time is measured for the external force of the container.
- a polypropylene container with a 6 cm diameter (inner diameter) and a 10 cm height has a volume equivalent to 1/5 of the volume of powder fluid when not suspended. Fill the powder fluid, set the container on a shaker, and shake at a distance of 6 cm at 3 reciprocations / sec for 3 hours. The apparent volume immediately after stopping shaking is the apparent volume at the time of maximum suspension.
- the temporal change of the apparent volume of the powder fluid satisfies the following expression. V / V> 0.8
- V is the apparent volume (cm 3 ) 5 minutes after the maximum suspension, and V is 10
- the temporal change V / V of the apparent volume of the powdery fluid is larger than 0.85, and more preferable that it is larger than 0.9.
- V / V is 0.8 or less, the field using ordinary so-called particles
- the average particle diameter (d (0.5)) of the particulate material constituting the powder fluid is preferably 0.1 to 2 Ozm, more preferably 0.515 xm, and particularly preferably 0.5 to 15 xm. 9 8 xm. If it is smaller than 0. l xm, it will be difficult to control the display, and if it is larger than 20 zm, the display will lack sharpness.
- the average particle diameter (d (0.5)) of the particulate matter constituting the powder fluid is the same as d (0.5) in the following particle diameter distribution Span.
- the particle material constituting the powder fluid preferably has a particle size distribution Span represented by the following formula of less than 5, more preferably less than 3.
- d (0.5) is a numerical value expressing the particle diameter in m that 50% of the particulate matter constituting the powder fluid is larger than 50% and smaller than 50%, and d (0.1) is less than this.
- Numerical value expressed as / im the particle diameter at which the ratio of the particulate matter constituting the powdered fluid is 10%
- d (0.9) is the particle diameter at which the particulate matter constituting the powdered fluid is 90% or less. In / m.
- the particle size distribution and the particle size of the particulate material constituting the powder fluid can be determined by a laser single diffraction / scattering method or the like.
- a light intensity distribution pattern of diffracted / scattered light is generated spatially, and since this light intensity pattern has a correspondence with the particle size, the particle size and the particle size distribution are reduced.
- the particle size and the particle size distribution are obtained from a volume-based distribution.
- the powder fluid can be prepared by kneading and kneading the necessary resin, charge control agent, colorant, and other additives, or by polymerizing from monomers, or by converting existing particles into resin, charge control agent, and colorant. And other additives.
- the resin, the charge control agent, the colorant, and other additives constituting the powder fluid will be exemplified.
- the resin examples include urethane resin, acrylic resin, polyester resin, urethane-modified acrylic resin, silicone resin, nylon resin, epoxy resin, styrene resin, butyral resin, vinylidene chloride resin, melamine resin, phenol resin, Fluororesin and the like can be used, and two or more kinds can be mixed.
- atalinole urethane resin, acryl urethane silicone resin, acryl urethane fluoro resin, urethane resin, and fluoro resin are preferable. It is.
- Examples of the charge control agent include, in the case of imparting a positive charge, a quaternary ammonium salt-based compound, a Niguchi syn dye, a triphenylmethane-based compound, and an imidazole derivative.
- Examples thereof include metal-containing azo dyes, salicylic acid metal complexes, and nitroimidazole derivatives.
- colorant various kinds of organic or inorganic pigments and dyes as exemplified below can be used.
- black colorant examples include carbon black, copper oxide, manganese dioxide, aniline black, and activated carbon.
- Blue pigments include CI Pigment Blue 15: 3, CI Pigment Blue 15, Navy Blue, Cobalt Blue, Alkaline Blue Lake, Victoria Blue Lake, Phthalocyanine Blue, Metal-Free Phthalocyanine Blue, Phthalocyanine Blue Partially Chlorinated, and First. Sky Blue, Indanthrene Blue BC and others.
- Red colorants include Bengala, Cadmium Red, Lead Tan, Mercury Sulfide, Cadmium, Permanent Red 4R, Risor Red, Pyrazolone Red, Watching Red, Calcium Salt, Lake Red D, Brilliant Carmine 6B, Eosin Lake, Rhodamine Lake B, Aliza Lin Lake, Brilliant Carmine 3B, CI Pigment Red 2, etc.
- yellow colorant examples include graphite, zinc yellow, cadmium yellow, yellow iron oxide, mineral yellow, nickel yellow titanium yellow, nevine yellow, naphthone yellow S. Hansa Yellow G, Hansa Yellow 10G, Benzi Jin Yellow G, Benzi Jin Yellow GR, Quinoline Yellow Lake, Permanent Yellow NCG, Tartrazine Lake, CI Pigment Yellow 12, etc.
- Green colorants include chrome green, chromium oxide, pigment green B, CI pigment green 7, malachite green lake, final yellow green G, and the like.
- Orange colorants include red lead, molybdenum orange, permanent orange GTR, pyrazolone orange, norecan orange, indanthrene brilliant orange RK :, benzidine orange G, indanthrene brilliant orange GK :, CI pigment orange There are 3 1 mag.
- Purple colorants include manganese violet, first violet B, methyl violet lake, and the like.
- white colorants include zinc white, titanium oxide, antimony white, and zinc sulfide.
- the extender includes baryte powder, barium carbonate, clay, silica, white carbon, talc, alumina white and the like.
- various dyes such as basic, acidic, disperse, and direct dyes include Nigguchi Shin, Methylene Blue, Rose Bengal, Quinoline Yellow, and Ultramarine Bunore.
- examples of the inorganic additives include titanium oxide, zinc white, zinc sulfide, antimony oxide, calcium carbonate, lead white, talc, silica, calcium silicate, alumina white, cadmium yellow, cadmium red, and cadmium. Orange, titanium yellow, navy blue, ultramarine, cobalt vinyl, cobalt green, cobalt violet, iron oxide, carbon black, manganese ferrite black, cobalt ferrite black, copper powder, aluminum powder and the like. These pigments and inorganic additives can be used alone or in combination. Of these, carbon black is particularly preferred as the black pigment, and titanium oxide is preferred as the white pigment.
- the average particle diameter is preferably 20 100 nm on the surface of the particulate matter constituting the powder fluid. It is appropriate to fix inorganic fine particles of 20 to 80 nm. Further, it is appropriate that the inorganic fine particles are treated with silicone oil.
- examples of the inorganic fine particles include silicon dioxide (silica), zinc oxide, aluminum oxide, magnesium oxide, cerium oxide, iron oxide, and copper oxide.
- the method of fixing the inorganic fine particles is important. For example, using a hybridizer (manufactured by Nara Machinery Co., Ltd.) ⁇ mechanofusion (manufactured by Hosokawa Miclon Co., Ltd.), etc., under certain limited conditions (for example, processing ), A powder fluid showing an aerosol state can be produced.
- the relative humidity at 25 ° C. of the gas in the void portion be 60% RH or less, preferably 50% RH or less, and more preferably 35% RH or less.
- the gap is defined as the electrode 5, 6, the particle group (or powder fluid) from the portion sandwiched between the opposing substrates 1 and 2 in Figs. 1 (a) and (b) and Figs. 3 (a) and (b). Excluding the occupied portion of 3, the occupied portion of the partition wall 4 (when a partition wall is provided), and the gas portion in contact with the so-called particle group (or powder fluid) excluding the sealing portion of the display panel.
- the gas in the void portion is not particularly limited as long as it is in the above-mentioned humidity range, but dry air, dry nitrogen, dry argon, dry helium, dry carbon dioxide, dry methane, and the like are preferable.
- This gas needs to be sealed in a display panel so that its humidity is maintained.For example, filling of particles or powder fluid, assembling of the display panel, etc. are performed in a predetermined humidity environment. Furthermore, it is important to provide a sealing material and a sealing method to prevent moisture from entering from outside.
- the distance between the substrates in the information display panel used in the present invention may be any distance as long as particles or powder can move and contrast can be maintained, but it is usually 10 to 500 ⁇ m, and preferably 10 to 500 ⁇ m. Is adjusted to 10 200 ⁇ m.
- the volume occupancy of the particles or powder fluid in the space between the opposing substrates is preferably 570 vol%, more preferably 5-60 vol%, and most preferably 5-55 vol%. If it exceeds 70 vol%, the movement of the particle group or the powder fluid is hindered. If it is less than 5 vol%, the contrast tends to be unclear.
- the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to Examples and Comparative Examples. However, the present invention is not limited by the following examples.
- Example 1 m content TPX RT18 100 100
- the obtained pellets were pulverized as follows. First, the pellets obtained by kneading and granulating the resin material and the pigment as described above were freeze-pulverized to obtain coarse particles having a particle diameter of 200 to 400 m. Next, the obtained coarse particles were finely pulverized by a jet mill: Lab Jet Mill L J / MDS2 (Nippon Pneumatic) to obtain fine particles having a particle diameter of about 9 ⁇ m. Next, the obtained fine particles were classified to obtain particles having an average central particle diameter of 9 ⁇ .
- the resin properties (dielectric constant, transparency) constituting the particles of Example 15 and Comparative Example 13 obtained were determined, and the compound properties (PVC, white reflectance, heat resistance) were determined. And summarized in Table 4 below.
- the dielectric constant and the transparency were obtained from catalogs of each product.
- PVC indicates the pigment volume content and was calculated.
- the white reflectance was measured by scattering particles on the ITO glass substrate surface by a free fall method, measuring and plotting the white reflectance for each number of layers, and obtaining a reflectance of ⁇ m in thickness.
- For heat resistance particles were sprayed on a glass substrate heated to a surface temperature of 120 ° C with a hot plate, and the presence or absence of fusion of the particles to the glass substrate after 30 minutes on the hot plate was determined. The judgment indicates that the particles did not fuse to the glass substrate at 120 ° C., and that the particles fused to the glass substrate at 120 ° C. X force.
- the white particles of the present invention according to Examples 15 to 15 have higher white reflectance (40% or more) than the white particles of Comparative Examples 13 to 13 composed of PP, PBT or amorphous polyester and titanium oxide. It can be seen that it also has heat resistance. In addition, it can be seen that the higher the transparency and the higher the transparency of the resin, the higher the white reflectance. Furthermore, it can be seen that the white reflectance increases as the PVC increases. However, in general, if the PVC is too high, the caloric properties will be remarkably deteriorated, indicating that PVC has an optimum range. Furthermore, depending on the type of titanium oxide (different in particle diameter and surface treatment), the white reflectance is different, indicating that there is an optimum type of titanium oxide.
- the white particles for a display medium of the present invention can be suitably used for increasing the contrast in an information display device which performs image display by moving particles or liquid powder, and an information display device using the white particles is a notebook computer.
- PDA mobile phone, handy terminal, etc.
- display unit of electronic devices such as e-books, electronic newspapers, signboards, boosters, bulletin boards such as blackboards, calculators, display units of home appliances, automotive supplies, etc.
- point cards It is suitably used for a card display unit such as an IC card, an electronic advertisement, an electronic POP, an electronic price tag, an electronic shelf label, an electronic musical score, and a display unit of an RF-ID device.
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Electrochromic Elements, Electrophoresis, Or Variable Reflection Or Absorption Elements (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP2005517324A JPWO2005071480A1 (ja) | 2004-01-27 | 2005-01-27 | 表示媒体用白色粒子及びそれを用いた情報表示装置 |
US10/587,236 US7639417B2 (en) | 2004-01-27 | 2005-01-27 | White color particles for display media and information display device utilizing them |
EP05709400A EP1710618A4 (en) | 2004-01-27 | 2005-01-27 | WHITE PARTICLE FOR DISPLAY MEDIUM AND INFORMATION DISPLAY SYSTEM USING THE SAME |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
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JP2004017869 | 2004-01-27 | ||
JP2004-017869 | 2004-01-27 | ||
JP2004-073890 | 2004-03-16 | ||
JP2004073890 | 2004-03-16 |
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WO2005071480A1 true WO2005071480A1 (ja) | 2005-08-04 |
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PCT/JP2005/001126 WO2005071480A1 (ja) | 2004-01-27 | 2005-01-27 | 表示媒体用白色粒子及びそれを用いた情報表示装置 |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US7639417B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1710618A4 (ja) |
JP (1) | JPWO2005071480A1 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2005071480A1 (ja) |
Cited By (1)
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JP2007328329A (ja) * | 2006-05-10 | 2007-12-20 | Bridgestone Corp | 表示媒体用粒子およびそれを用いた情報表示用パネル |
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US8624833B2 (en) * | 2008-09-11 | 2014-01-07 | The Invention Science Fund I, Llc | E-paper display control of classified content based on e-paper conformation |
US8462104B2 (en) * | 2008-08-29 | 2013-06-11 | The Invention Science Fund I, Llc | E-paper display control based on conformation sequence status |
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US8279199B2 (en) * | 2008-11-14 | 2012-10-02 | The Invention Science Fund I, Llc | E-paper external control system and method |
US9176637B2 (en) * | 2008-08-29 | 2015-11-03 | Invention Science Fund I, Llc | Display control based on bendable interface containing electronic device conformation sequence status |
US8613394B2 (en) * | 2008-08-29 | 2013-12-24 | The Invention Science Fund I, Llc | Bendable electronic interface external control system and method |
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US8646693B2 (en) | 2008-08-29 | 2014-02-11 | The Invention Science Fund I, Llc | Application control based on flexible electronic device conformation sequence status |
US8493336B2 (en) * | 2008-10-10 | 2013-07-23 | The Invention Science Fund I, Llc | E-paper display control based on conformation sequence status |
US9035870B2 (en) * | 2008-10-07 | 2015-05-19 | The Invention Science Fund I, Llc | E-paper display control based on conformation sequence status |
US8235280B2 (en) * | 2008-08-29 | 2012-08-07 | The Invention Science Fund I, Llc | E-paper display control of classified content based on E-paper conformation |
US8485426B2 (en) * | 2008-08-29 | 2013-07-16 | The Invention Science Fund I, Llc | Bendable electronic device status information system and method |
US8866731B2 (en) * | 2008-08-29 | 2014-10-21 | The Invention Science Fund I, Llc | E-paper display control of classified content based on e-paper conformation |
US8240548B2 (en) * | 2008-08-29 | 2012-08-14 | The Invention Science Fund I, Llc | Display control of classified content based on flexible display containing electronic device conformation |
US8500002B2 (en) | 2008-08-29 | 2013-08-06 | The Invention Science Fund I, Llc | Display control based on bendable display containing electronic device conformation sequence status |
US8297495B2 (en) * | 2008-08-29 | 2012-10-30 | The Invention Science Fund I, Llc | Application control based on flexible interface conformation sequence status |
US8708220B2 (en) * | 2008-08-29 | 2014-04-29 | The Invention Science Fund I, Llc | Display control based on bendable interface containing electronic device conformation sequence status |
US8544722B2 (en) * | 2008-08-29 | 2013-10-01 | The Invention Science Fund I, Llc | Bendable electronic interface external control system and method |
US8511563B2 (en) | 2008-08-29 | 2013-08-20 | The Invention Science Fund I, Llc | Display control of classified content based on flexible interface E-paper conformation |
US8596521B2 (en) * | 2008-08-29 | 2013-12-03 | The Invention Science Fund I, Llc | E-paper display control based on conformation sequence status |
US20100073263A1 (en) * | 2008-09-22 | 2010-03-25 | Searete Llc, A Limited Liability Corporation Of The State Of Delaware, | E-Paper application control based on conformation sequence status |
US20100073334A1 (en) * | 2008-09-25 | 2010-03-25 | Cohen Alexander J | E-paper application control based on conformation sequence status |
US8272571B2 (en) * | 2008-08-29 | 2012-09-25 | The Invention Science Fund I, Llc | E-paper display control of classified content based on e-paper conformation |
US8446357B2 (en) * | 2008-10-07 | 2013-05-21 | The Invention Science Fund I, Llc | E-paper display control based on conformation sequence status |
US8517251B2 (en) * | 2008-08-29 | 2013-08-27 | The Invention Science Fund I, Llc | Application control based on flexible interface conformation sequence status |
US8490860B2 (en) * | 2008-08-29 | 2013-07-23 | The Invention Science Fund I, Llc | Display control of classified content based on flexible display containing electronic device conformation |
US8777099B2 (en) * | 2008-08-29 | 2014-07-15 | The Invention Science Fund I, Llc | Bendable electronic device status information system and method |
US8393531B2 (en) * | 2008-08-29 | 2013-03-12 | The Invention Science Fund I, Llc | Application control based on flexible electronic device conformation sequence status |
US8322599B2 (en) * | 2008-08-29 | 2012-12-04 | The Invention Science Fund I, Llc | Display control of classified content based on flexible interface e-paper conformation |
US8466870B2 (en) * | 2008-08-29 | 2013-06-18 | The Invention Science Fund, I, LLC | E-paper application control based on conformation sequence status |
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- 2005-01-27 JP JP2005517324A patent/JPWO2005071480A1/ja active Pending
- 2005-01-27 US US10/587,236 patent/US7639417B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-01-27 EP EP05709400A patent/EP1710618A4/en not_active Ceased
- 2005-01-27 WO PCT/JP2005/001126 patent/WO2005071480A1/ja active Application Filing
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US20070171511A1 (en) | 2007-07-26 |
EP1710618A1 (en) | 2006-10-11 |
US7639417B2 (en) | 2009-12-29 |
EP1710618A4 (en) | 2008-05-28 |
JPWO2005071480A1 (ja) | 2007-09-06 |
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