WO2005064414A2 - 電子写真感光体、プロセスカートリッジおよび電子写真装置 - Google Patents
電子写真感光体、プロセスカートリッジおよび電子写真装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2005064414A2 WO2005064414A2 PCT/JP2004/019761 JP2004019761W WO2005064414A2 WO 2005064414 A2 WO2005064414 A2 WO 2005064414A2 JP 2004019761 W JP2004019761 W JP 2004019761W WO 2005064414 A2 WO2005064414 A2 WO 2005064414A2
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- electrophotographic
- electrophotographic photoreceptor
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- resin
- photosensitive member
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
- G03G5/02—Charge-receiving layers
- G03G5/04—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor
- G03G5/043—Photoconductive layers characterised by having two or more layers or characterised by their composite structure
- G03G5/047—Photoconductive layers characterised by having two or more layers or characterised by their composite structure characterised by the charge-generation layers or charge transport layers
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- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
- G03G5/02—Charge-receiving layers
- G03G5/04—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor
- G03G5/06—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor characterised by the photoconductive material being organic
- G03G5/0601—Acyclic or carbocyclic compounds
- G03G5/0605—Carbocyclic compounds
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- G03G5/04—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor
- G03G5/06—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor characterised by the photoconductive material being organic
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- G03G5/0609—Acyclic or carbocyclic compounds containing oxygen
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- G03G5/06—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor characterised by the photoconductive material being organic
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- G03G5/06—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor characterised by the photoconductive material being organic
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Definitions
- Electrophotographic photosensitive member Description Electrophotographic photosensitive member, process cartridge, and electrophotographic apparatus
- the present invention relates to an electrophotographic photosensitive member, a process cartridge having the electrophotographic photosensitive member, and an electrophotographic apparatus.
- image forming apparatuses such as an electrophotographic type, a thermal transfer type, and an ink jet type.
- electrophotographic apparatus an electrophotographic method
- thermal transfer type a thermal transfer type
- ink jet type an ink jet type
- image forming apparatus employing the electrophotographic method is superior to the image forming apparatuses employing other methods in terms of high speed, high image quality, and low noise. It is used in many copiers and printers.
- an electrostatic latent image is formed on the surface of an electrophotographic photosensitive member by charging the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member and irradiating the charged surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member with exposure light.
- the electrostatic latent image is developed with toner (developer) to form a toner image on the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member, and the toner image is transferred from the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member to a transfer material such as paper. It is performed by the process described above.
- laser light is widely used as the above exposure light.
- the electrostatic latent image formed on the surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor becomes a digital electrostatic latent image (digital latent image).
- an electrophotographic photoreceptor (organic electrophotographic photoreceptor) having a photosensitive layer containing an organic charge generating substance and a charge transporting substance is widely used.
- the layers include a charge generation layer containing a charge generation substance and a charge transport layer containing a charge transport substance from the support side from the viewpoint of durability.
- What has a lamination type (normal layer type) layered by sequentially laminating is mainly used.
- the development of electrophotographic technology is remarkable, and the electrophotographic photoreceptor is also required to have a very high degree of specialty. In particular, characteristics corresponding to high image quality have been strongly demanded. ing.
- electrophotography uses laser light as the exposure light.
- the dots on the electrophotographic photoreceptor surface and, consequently, the dots on the output image are enlarged, which is a problem of so-called reduced dot reproducibility.
- the three-dimensional shape of the dots of the electrostatic latent image formed on the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member is shallow and wide. This problem becomes more pronounced when dots are adjacent to each other.
- Techniques for improving dot reproducibility include, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Nos. Hei 01-1694554, Hei 03-28771 1 and Hei 09-096914.
- the publication discloses an induction photoreceptor in which the potential does not attenuate until a certain exposure amount is reached, and the potential abruptly decreases when the exposure amount is exceeded. Disclosure of the invention
- the induction photoreceptor has excellent single-dot reproducibility, if the dots are adjacent to each other, the potential drops sharply even in the overlapping portions (the portions where the exposure between dots overlaps). This causes dot reproducibility to deteriorate.
- high-resolution products with 600 dpi to 1200 dpi, and even 1200 dpi to 2400 dpi, are on the market, and further higher resolution is expected in the future.
- the widely used electrophotography device using an infrared semiconductor laser has a laser beam spot diameter of about 60 to 80 / im, whereas the distance between dots at 600 dpi is 42 ⁇ . At 1200 dpi, 21 ⁇ , and at 2400 dpi, 10.5 xm, the dot overlap becomes remarkable.
- An electrophotographic photoreceptor with good dot reproducibility will not only improve the resolution, but will also improve the gradation by using pulse width modulation dithering.
- an object of the present invention is to provide an electrophotographic photosensitive member having excellent dot reproducibility, and a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus having the electrophotographic photosensitive member.
- an electrophotographic photoreceptor having a potential decay rate after a predetermined time after exposure is equal to or less than a certain value.
- the present invention comprises a support, a charge generation layer containing a charge generation material provided on the support, and a charge transport layer containing a charge transport material provided on the charge generation layer.
- the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member is charged so that the electric field intensity applied to the electrophotographic photosensitive member is 15 [V / ⁇ ], and the surface potential of the electrophotographic photosensitive member is set to a predetermined value ⁇ [V].
- the slope at the time when T [ms] elapses after the start is defined as m, and under the charging condition where the surface potential of the electrophotographic photosensitive member at the time when T [ms] elapses after the end of charging becomes 0.8 E [V].
- the present invention is a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus having the electrophotographic photosensitive member.
- an electrophotographic photosensitive member excellent in dot reproducibility and thereby excellent in sharpness of a character image
- a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus having the electrophotographic photosensitive member can be.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining “m”.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining “m′_
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of a schematic configuration of an electrophotographic apparatus provided with a process cartridge having the electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing another example of a schematic configuration of an electrophotographic apparatus provided with a process cartridge having the electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a one-dot one-space image used in Examples and Comparative Examples.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining a change in the diameter of the dot accompanying a change in the contrast potential.
- the determination method of the present invention is performed in a normal temperature and normal humidity (23 ° C., 50% RH) environment.
- the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member is charged so that the electric field intensity applied to the electrophotographic photosensitive member is 15 [V // m], and the surface potential of the electrophotographic photosensitive member is reduced. Exposure to bring the surface potential of the electrophotographic photosensitive member to 0.8 E [V] when T [ms] elapses after the exposure of the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member to a predetermined value E [V].
- the slope of the light decay curve at the time T [ms] elapses after the start of exposure is m
- the surface potential of the photoconductor at the time T [ms] elapses after the end of charging is When the surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor is charged under the charging condition of 0.8 E [V], and after the completion of the charging of the dark surface potential decay curve when no exposure is performed thereafter, a time [ms] has elapsed.
- m ' is the slope of m and m and m' are
- T [ms] j the thickness of the charge transport layer of the electrophotographic photoreceptor is d [tm], and the drift mobility of the charge transport layer is u [cm 2 / (V ⁇ s)]. Then, it is defined as "[ ⁇ d 2 / ( ⁇ ⁇ ) ⁇ X 100] XI 0-5". d,; u and E are constants, so T is also a constant.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining the above “m”
- FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining the above “m ′”.
- Im_m'I is not more than 0.002, but is preferably not more than 0.015, and particularly preferably not less than 0.001 and not more than 0.015.
- the charges generated in the charge generation layer are injected into the charge transport layer, and transported to the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member in the charge transport layer. Reach the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member in a short time Some charges take a relatively long time to reach the surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor.
- the present inventors have found that after a dot is formed by the charge that has reached the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member in a short time, the charge (delay) that takes a relatively long time to reach the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member We suspected that the dot reproducibility was reduced by disturbing the charge).
- the above I m- m 'I means that the smaller the value, the less the delayed charge.
- the slope m of the light decay shown in FIG. 1 is the potential decay not due to light, such as injection of holes from the support into the charge generation layer, that is, the slope m 'of the dark surface potential decay shown in FIG. Also joined. Therefore, m minus m '
- a modified machine of a drum tester CYNTHIA 90 manufactured by Gentech Co., Ltd. was used for the measurement of m and m '.
- an LD chip: SLD 344 YT, manufactured by Sony Corporation, driver: ALP7204PA, manufactured by Asahi Data Systems Co., Ltd., pulse width 2 / is
- Potential decay curves were drawn from the potential data using a Hewlett-Packard Idone earth digital oscilloscope 5471OA, and m and ⁇ 'were calculated.
- the electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention comprises a support, a charge generation layer containing a charge generation material provided on the support, and a charge transport material provided on the charge generation layer.
- An electrophotographic photosensitive member having a charge transport layer.
- the charge transport layer of the electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention may be a hole transport layer containing a hole transport substance, or may be an electron transport layer containing an electron transport substance.
- the electrophotographic photosensitive member is a negatively charged electrophotographic photosensitive member, and when the charge transport layer is an electron transport layer, it is a positively charged electrophotographic photosensitive member.
- the charge transport layer provided on the charge generation layer is preferably a hole transport layer.
- the support may be any conductive material (conductive support).
- a support made of metal (alloy) such as aluminum, nickel, copper, gold, iron, aluminum alloy, and stainless steel may be used.
- metal alloy
- the above-mentioned metal support or plastic having a layer consisting of a film formed by vacuum-depositing aluminum, an aluminum alloy, an indium oxide-tin oxide alloy, or the like.
- a support made of glass or a support made of glass can also be used.
- a support in which conductive particles such as carbon black, tin oxide particles, titanium oxide particles, and silver particles are impregnated in plastic or paper together with a suitable binder resin, or a support made of plastic having a conductive binder resin Etc. can also be used.
- the shape of the support include a cylindrical shape and a belt shape, and a cylindrical shape is preferable.
- the surface of the support may be subjected to a cutting treatment, a roughening treatment (such as a Houng treatment or a blast treatment), or an alumite treatment for the purpose of preventing interference fringes due to scattering of laser light or the like.
- chemical treatment may be performed with a solution obtained by dissolving a metal salt compound or a fluorine compound metal salt in an acidic aqueous solution containing alkali phosphate, phosphoric acid, or tannic acid as a main component.
- the honing treatment there are a dry honing treatment and a wet honing treatment.
- the wet honing treatment is a method in which a powdered abrasive is suspended in a liquid such as water and sprayed onto the surface of the support at a high speed to roughen the surface of the support.
- Speed amount of abrasive, type, shape, size, hardness, specific gravity and suspension temperature can be controlled.
- Dry honing is a method in which an abrasive is sprayed at high speed on the surface of the support with air to roughen the surface of the support, and the surface roughness can be controlled in the same manner as in wet honing. .
- Examples of the abrasive used in the Houng treatment include particles such as silicon carbide, alumina, iron, and glass beads.
- a conductive layer may be provided between the support and the charge generation layer or an intermediate layer described below for the purpose of preventing interference fringes due to scattering of laser light or the like and covering the support with scratches.
- the conductive layer can be formed by dispersing conductive '14 particles such as carbon black, metal particles, and metal oxide particles in a binder resin. Suitable metal oxide particles include zinc oxide and titanium oxide particles. Barium sulfate particles can also be used as the conductive particles.
- the conductive particles may be provided with a coating layer.
- the volume resistivity of the conductive particles is preferably from 0.1 to: lOOQ'cm, particularly preferably from 1 to 1000 ⁇ cm (the volume resistivity is manufactured by Mitsubishi Yuka Corporation). This is a value obtained by measuring with a resistance measurement device Loresta AP. The measurement sample is a coin-shaped solidified with a pressure of 49 MPa.)
- the average particle size of the conductive particles is preferably in the range of 0.05 to 1.0 ⁇ , and more preferably in the range of 0.07 to 0.7 ⁇ m (this average particle size is determined by centrifugal sedimentation. It is a measured value.)
- the ratio of the conductive particles in the conductive layer is 1.0 to 90 mass with respect to the total mass of the conductive layer. /. Is particularly preferable, and the range of 5.0 to 80% by mass is more preferable.
- binder resin used for the conductive layer examples include a phenol resin, a polyurethane resin, a polyamide resin, a polyimide resin, a polyamide imide resin, a polyamide acid resin, a polyvinyl acetal resin, an epoxy resin, and an acrylic resin.
- Melamine resin, polyester resin and the like These can be used alone or as a mixture or copolymer of two or more. These have good adhesiveness to the support, improve dispersibility of the conductive particles, and have good solvent resistance after film formation.
- phenolic resins, polyurethane resins, and polyamic acid resins are preferred.
- the thickness of the conductive layer is preferably from 0.1 to 30 ⁇ , and more preferably from 0.5 to 20 ⁇ .
- the volume resistivity of the conductive layer is preferably at most 1 0 1 3 Omega ⁇ cm, in particular 1 0 5-1 0 1 and more preferably in the range of 2 ⁇ ⁇ cm (this volume resistivity is measured)
- a film is formed on an aluminum plate with the same material as the conductive layer to be measured, a gold thin film is formed on this film, and the current flowing between both electrodes of the aluminum plate and the gold thin film is measured with a pA meter It is the value obtained by doing.
- the conductive layer may contain fluorine or antimony as necessary, and a leveling agent may be added to enhance the surface characteristics of the conductive layer.
- an intermediate layer also called an undercoat layer or an adhesive layer
- the intermediate layer is formed for the purpose of improving the adhesiveness of the photosensitive layer, improving the coating property, improving the charge injection property from the support, and protecting the photosensitive layer against electrical destruction.
- the intermediate layer is composed of acrylic resin, aryl resin, alkyd resin, ethylcellulose resin, ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer, epoxy resin, casein resin, silicone resin, gelatin resin, nylon, phenol resin, petilal resin, polyacrylate Resin, Polyacetal resin, Polyamideimide resin, Polyamide resin, Polyallyl ether resin, Polyimide resin, Polyurethane resin, Polyester resin, Polyethylene resin, Polycarbonate resin, Polystyrene resin, Polysulfone resin, Polybutyl alcohol resin, Polybutadiene resin And a resin such as a polypropylene resin or a urea resin, or a material such as aluminum oxide.
- the thickness of the intermediate layer is preferably from 0.1 to 5 ⁇ , more preferably from 0.3 to 2 ⁇ m.
- Examples of the charge generating substance used in the electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention include azo pigments such as monoazo, disazo and trisazo, phthalocyanine pigments such as metal phthalocyanine and nonmetal phthalocyanine, and indigo such as indigo and thioindigo.
- azo pigments such as monoazo, disazo and trisazo
- phthalocyanine pigments such as metal phthalocyanine and nonmetal phthalocyanine
- indigo such as indigo and thioindigo.
- Pigments and perylene pigments such as perylene anhydride and perylene acid imid; Inorganic substances such as polycyclic quinone pigments such as anthraquinone and pyrenequinone, squarylium dyes, pyrium salt, thiapyrylium salt, triphenylmethane dye, selenium, selenium monotellurium, amorphous silicon, quinatalidone pigments, and azurenium salts Examples include pigments, cyanine dyes, xanthene dyes, quinone imine dyes, styryl dyes, sulfide cadmium, and zinc oxide. These charge generating substances may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- azo pigments and phthalocyanine pigments are preferable, and phthalocyanine pigments are particularly preferable in terms of high sensitivity.
- metal phthalocyanine pigments are preferable, and particularly, oxytitanium phthalocyanine, chromium gallium phthalocyanine, dichlorotin phthalocyanine, and hydroxygallium phthalocyanine are more preferable, and among them, hydroxygallium phthalocyanine is particularly preferable.
- Oxytitanium phthalocyanines include 9.0 °, 14.2 °, 23.9 ° and Bragg angles of 20 ⁇ 0.2 ° in CuKa X-ray diffraction.
- Hydroxygallium phthalocyanine is a crystalline form of hydroxy with strong peaks at 7.3 °, 24.9 ° and 28.1 ° at Bragg angles of 20 ⁇ 0.2 ° in CuKa characteristic X-ray diffraction.
- Hydroxygallium phthalocyanine crystals in the form of crystals having strong peaks at 12.5 °, 16.3 °, 18.6 °, 25.1 ° and 28.3 ° are preferred.
- the particle size of the charge generating substance is preferably 0.5 ⁇ or less, more preferably 0.3 ⁇ or less, and even more preferably 0.01 to 0.2 jum. .
- binder resin used for the charge generation layer examples include acrylic resin, aryl resin, alkyd resin, epoxy resin, diaryl phthalate resin, silicone resin, styrene-butadiene copolymer, cellulose resin, nylon, and pheno.
- Resin petital resin, benzal resin, melamine resin, polyacrylate resin, polyacetal resin, polyamide imide resin, polyamide resin, polyamide resin, polyarylate resin, polyamide resin, polyurethane resin, polyester resin, polyethylene resin Resin, polycarbonate resin, polystyrene resin, polysulfone resin, polyvinyl acetal resin, polybutyl methacrylate resin, polyvinyl acrylate resin, polybutadiene resin, polypropylene resin, methacrylic resin, urea resin, vinyl chloride monovinyl acetate copolymer, acetic acid And vinyl resin and Shii-Dani Bul resin.
- a Petilal resin is preferable. These can be used alone or as a mixture or copolymer of two or more.
- One of the methods for producing an electrophotographic photoreceptor satisfying the above formula (I) is that, when the charge transport layer provided on the charge generation layer is a hole transport layer, the charge generation layer contains an electron transport material.
- electron transporting substances include fluorenone compounds such as trinitrofluorenone, imid compounds such as pyromellitic imide and naphthyl imide, quinone compounds such as benzoquinone, diphenoquinone, diiminoquinone, naphthoquinone, stilbene quinone and anthraquinone; Fluorenylideneaniline, fluorenylidene compounds such as fluorenylidenemalononitrile, carboxylic acid anhydrides such as phthalic anhydride, cyclic sulfone compounds such as thiopyran dioxide, oxazine diazo compounds, and triazo / ray laid compounds. And the like.
- an imido compound is preferable, and a naphthalenetetracarboxylic acid diimide compound having a structure represented by the following formula (1) is particularly preferable.
- R 1 D 1 and R 1 13 4 each independently represent a substituted or Mu ⁇ conversion alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group interrupted by an ether group, a substituted or unsubstituted It represents an alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group interrupted by an ether group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl group, or a monovalent substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group.
- R 102 and R 1 Q 3 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a nitro group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy group.
- Examples of the above-mentioned alkyl group include a chain anoalkyl group such as a methyl group, an ethyl group and a propyl group, and a cyclic alkyl group such as a cyclohexyl group and a cycloheptyl group.
- Examples of the alkenyl group include a vinyl group and an aryl group.
- Examples of the aryl group include a phenyl group, a naphthyl group and an anthryl group.
- Examples of the above aralkyl group include a benzyl group and a phenethyl group.
- Examples of the above-mentioned monovalent heterocyclic group include a hydridyl group and a fural group.
- Examples of the halogen atom include a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, and a bromine atom.
- Examples of the alkoxy group include a methoxy group, an eth
- Examples of the substituent which each of the above groups may have include an alkyl group such as a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a cyclohexyl group, and a cycloheptyl group; an alkyl group such as a bier group and an aryl group; , Nitro group, fluorine atom, chlorine atom, bromine atom etc.
- a halogen group such as a perfluoroalkyl group, an aryl group such as a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, and an anthryl group; an aralkyl group such as a benzyl group and a phenyl group; a methoxy group and an ethoxy group And an alkoxy group such as a propoxy group.
- R 1C 1 and R 104 are a substituted or unsubstituted linear alkyl group or a substituted aryl group. Some are preferred. Among the substituted or unsubstituted linear alkyl groups, a halogen atom-substituted linear alkyl group is preferable. Among the substituted aryl groups, a halogen atom-substituted aryl group or an alkyl-substituted aryl group is preferable. Or an aryl group substituted with a halogenated alkyl group.
- the naphthalenetetracarboxylic acid diimide compound having the structure represented by the above formula (1) has an asymmetric structure from the viewpoint of solubility in a solvent (for example, R 1Q1 and R 1Q4 are different from each other). Or a bulky group such as an alkyl group having 4 or more carbon atoms is preferably introduced.
- the electron transporting substance to be contained in the charge generation layer those having a reduction potential (reduction potential with respect to a saturation force rome electrode) in the range of -0.50 to -0.30 V are preferable, and in particular, 1.0 to 0.3 V are preferable. Those in the range of 50 to 0.35 V are more preferred.
- the measurement of the reduction potential was carried out by a three-electrode type cyclic voltametry as follows.
- Measuring device Portan Metric Analyzer BAS 10 OB (manufactured by BAS) Working electrode: Dallas carbon electrode
- Reference electrode Saturated power Mel electrode (0.1 mo 1 Z1 salt solution) Measuring solution: 0.001 m 01 of electron transport substance to be measured, t-butylammonium perchlorate as electrolyte 0.1 mo 1, solution using 1 liter of acetonitrile as solvent. The peak top of the first reduction potential in the measurement results was defined as the reduction potential of the electron transporting substance.
- the proportion of the electron transporting substance in the charge generation layer is preferably from 10 to 60% by mass, more preferably from 21 to 40% by mass, based on the charge-promoting substance in the charge generation layer.
- the difference (E A — G A ) between the electron affinity (E A ) of the electron transport material in the charge generation layer and the electron affinity (G A ) of the charge generation material is not less than 0.20 and not more than 0.20. And more preferably ⁇ 0.10 or more and 0.20 or less, and still more preferably more than 0 and 0.20 or less.
- the electron affinity was calculated as follows.
- Atmospheric pressure photoelectron spectroscopy manufactured by Riken Keiki Co., Ltd. Work function determined using AC-2? Subtract the optical band gap (129.8 absorption edge [11111]) determined using an ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer V-570 manufactured by JASCO Corporation.
- the ionization potential of the electrode was statistically calculated using the charge transporting material described in the present invention in the same manner as in the method described in JP-A-2000-0119746.
- the charge generation layer is formed by applying a charge generation layer coating solution obtained by dispersing a charge generation material and, if necessary, an electron transport material together with a binder resin or a solvent, and drying the coating solution.
- Examples of the dispersion method include a method using a homogenizer, an ultrasonic disperser, a ball mill, a sand mill, a roll mill, a vibration mill, an attritor, a liquid collision type high-speed disperser, and the like.
- the ratio of the charge generating substance to the binder resin is preferably in the range of 0.5 : 1 to 4 : 1 (mass ratio), more preferably in the range of 1: 1 to 1: 3 (mass ratio).
- the solvent used for the coating solution for the charge generation layer is selected from the viewpoints of the solubility and dispersion stability of the binder resin and the charge generation material to be used, and examples of the organic solvent include alcohol, sulfoxide, ketone, ether, ester, and the like. Examples thereof include aliphatic halogenated hydrocarbons and aromatic compounds.
- the thickness of the charge generation layer is preferably 5 ⁇ or less, more preferably 0.01 to 2 ⁇ , and even more preferably 0.05 to 0.5 / m.
- various sensitizers, antioxidants, ultraviolet absorbers, plasticizers, and the like can be added to the charge generation layer as needed.
- Examples of the hole transporting substance used in the electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention include tri-trilamine compounds, hydrazone compounds, styryl compounds, and stilbene compounds. Products, virazoline compounds, oxazole compounds, thiazole compounds, triarylmethane compounds, etc. These hole transport substances may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- a substance having an oxidation potential (oxidation potential with respect to a saturation force rome electrode) in the range of 0.70 to 0.80 V is preferable. This is more preferably in the range of 0.71 to 0.76 V.
- the measurement of the oxidation potential is performed in the same manner as the measurement of the reduction potential described above, and the peak top of the first oxidation potential of the measurement result is defined as the oxidation potential of the hole transport material.
- binder resin used in the hole transport layer examples include, for example, acrylic resin, atari lonitrile resin, aryl resin, alkyd resin, epoxy resin, silicone resin, nylon, phenol resin, phenoxy resin, butyral resin, and polyacrylamide.
- Resin polyacetal resin, polyamide imide resin, polyamide resin, polyallyl ether resin, polyarylate resin, polyimide resin, polyurethane resin, polyester resin, polyethylene resin, polycarbonate resin, polystyrene resin, polystyrene resin, polysulfone resin , Polyvinyl butyral, polyphenylene oxide resin, polybutadiene resin, propylene resin, methacrylic resin, urea resin, vinyl chloride resin, vinyl acetate resin, etc. It is.
- polyarylate resin, polycarbonate resin and the like are preferable. These can be used alone or as a mixture or copolymer of two or more.
- the hole transporting layer can be formed by applying a hole transporting layer coating solution obtained by dissolving a hole transporting substance and a binder resin in a solvent, followed by drying.
- the ratio of the hole transporting material to the binder resin is preferably in the range of 10 : 5 to 5:10 (mass ratio), more preferably in the range of 10: 8 to 6:10 (mass ratio).
- Solvents used for the coating liquid for the hole transport layer include acetone and methylethylke. Ketones such as tons, esters such as methyl acetate and ethyl acetate, aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene and xylene, ethers such as 1,4-dioxane and tetrahydrofuran, benzene, chloroform and carbon tetrachloride Hydrocarbons substituted with halogen atoms are used.
- the thickness of the hole transporting layer is preferably from 1 to 50 ⁇ , and more preferably from 3 to 30 ⁇ m.
- an antioxidant an ultraviolet absorber, a plasticizer, and the like can be added to the hole transport layer as needed.
- a protective layer for protecting the hole transport layer may be provided on the hole transport layer.
- the protective layer can be formed by applying a coating liquid for a protective layer obtained by dissolving a binder resin in a solvent, and drying the applied solution. Further, the protective layer may be formed by applying a protective layer coating solution obtained by dissolving a monomer / oligomer of the binder resin in a solvent, and curing and / or drying the coating solution. Light, heat or radiation (such as an electron beam) can be used for curing.
- the various resins described above can be used as the binder resin of the protective layer.
- the thickness of the protective layer is preferably 0.5 to 10 ⁇ , and particularly preferably 1 to 5 Aim.
- a coating method such as a dip coating method (dip coating method), a spray coating method, a spinner coating method, a roller coating method, a Meyer bar coating method, a blade coating method, etc. Can be used.
- FIG. 3 shows an example of a schematic configuration of an electrophotographic apparatus provided with a process cartridge having the electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention.
- reference numeral 1 denotes a cylindrical electrophotographic photosensitive member, which is rotated around an axis 2 in a direction indicated by an arrow at a predetermined peripheral speed.
- the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member 1, which is driven to rotate, is charged by charging means (primary charging means: charged). Roller, etc.) 3 to be uniformly charged to a predetermined positive or negative potential, and then exposure light (image exposure light) output from exposure means (not shown) such as slit exposure or laser beam scanning exposure 4 Receive.
- exposure means not shown
- an electrostatic latent image corresponding to a target image is sequentially formed on the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member 1.
- the electrostatic latent image formed on the surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor 1 is developed with a toner contained in a developer of a developing unit 5 to form a toner image.
- the toner image formed and carried on the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member 1 is transferred to the electrophotographic photosensitive member 1 from transfer material supplying means (not shown) by a transfer bias from a transfer means (transfer roller or the like) 6.
- the transfer material (paper, etc.) taken out and fed between the means 6 (contact portion) in synchronization with the rotation of the electrophotographic photosensitive member 1 is sequentially transferred.
- the transfer material P to which the toner image has been transferred is separated from the surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor 1, introduced into the fixing means 8, and subjected to image fixing to be printed out as an image formed product (print, copy) outside the apparatus. Is done.
- the surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor 1 is cleaned by a cleaning means (such as a cleaning blade) 7 to remove the untransferred developer (toner).
- a cleaning means such as a cleaning blade
- pre-exposure light not shown
- FIG. 3 when the charging means 3 is a contact charging means using a charging roller or the like, the pre-exposure is not necessarily required.
- the process cartridge may be configured to be detachable from an electrophotographic apparatus body such as a copying machine or a laser beam printer.
- the electrophotographic photoreceptor 1, the charging means 3, the developing means 5, and the cleaning means 7 are integrally supported and cartridge-ridden, and guide means 10 such as rails of the main body of the electrophotographic apparatus are used. Process that is detachable from the electrophotographic The cartridge is 9.
- FIG. 4 shows another example of a schematic configuration of an electrophotographic apparatus provided with a process cartridge having the electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention.
- the electrophotographic apparatus having the configuration shown in FIG. 4 includes a charging unit 3 using a corona discharger, and a transfer unit 6 ′ using a corona discharger. The operation is the same as that of the electrophotographic apparatus having the configuration shown in FIG.
- parts means “parts by mass”.
- the conductive layer coating solution was applied onto the support by dip coating, and dried at 150 ° C. for 30 minutes to form a conductive layer having a thickness of 15 m.
- This intermediate layer coating solution is applied onto the conductive layer by dip coating and dried at 90 ° C for 10 minutes. As a result, an intermediate layer having a thickness of 0.7 ⁇ was formed.
- the compound having the structure represented by the above formula (E-1) ( An electron transport material) was prepared by dissolving 0.6 part of a coating solution for the charge generation layer (the average particle size of the charge generation material was 0.18 / m, and CAP manufactured by Horiba, Ltd.) It was measured by centrifugal sedimentation using A700).
- This coating solution for the charge generation layer was applied onto the intermediate layer by dip coating and dried at 100 ° C for 10 minutes to form a charge generation layer having a thickness of 0.2 / zm.
- a polyarylate having a repeating structural unit represented by the following formula (3): Moonlight (weight-average molecular weight: 100000 (measured by gel permeation gel mouth chromatography HLC-8120 manufactured by Tohso-ichi Co., Ltd., and converted to polystyrene) Using a 0.1% by weight solution of tetrahydrofuran as the developing solvent, Using TSKgel Super HM-N manufactured by Tosoh Corporation, using RI as the detector, setting the column temperature to 40 ° C, the injection amount to 201, and the flow rate to 1.0 ml / mi ri Mass ratio of the terephthalic acid skeleton to the isophthalic acid skeleton in the repeating structural unit 50: 50) 6 parts
- This coating solution for the hole transport layer is dip-coated on the charge generation layer and dried at 110 ° C. for 70 minutes to form a hole transport layer (charge transport layer) having a thickness of 20 ⁇ . And the same hereinafter).
- a support, and an electrophotographic photosensitive member having a conductive layer, an intermediate layer, a charge generation layer, and an IE hole transport layer on the support in this order, wherein the hole transport layer is a surface layer The body was made.
- the type and amount of the charge generating substance in the coating solution for the charge generating layer the type and the amount of the electron transporting substance, the type and the amount of the binder resin, and the charge
- An electrophotographic photoreceptor was prepared in the same manner as the electrophotographic photoreceptor 1 except that the type of the hole transporting substance in the coating solution for the transport layer was as shown in Table 1, and the above m and m ′ were measured.
- Table 2 shows the values of m and m,.
- Electrophotographic photoreceptor 18 to 21 In the electrophotographic photoreceptor 1, an intermediate layer is provided directly on the support without providing the conductive layer, and instead, the surface of the support is roughened by a wet honing treatment.
- the type of charge generating material and its amount used, the type of electron transporting material, the amount used, the type of binder resin and its amount used, and the type of hole transporting material in the coating solution for the charge transport layer An electrophotographic photosensitive member was prepared in the same manner as in the electrophotographic photosensitive member 1 except that the conditions were as shown in Table 1, and the above m and m ′ were measured. Table 2 shows the values of m and m '.
- the type and amount of the charge generating substance in the coating solution for the charge generating layer the type and the amount of the electron transporting substance, the type and the amount of the binder resin, and the charge
- An electrophotographic photoreceptor was prepared in the same manner as the electrophotographic photoreceptor 1 except that the type of the hole transporting substance in the coating solution for the transport layer was as shown in Table 1, and the above ⁇ and m ′ were measured.
- Table 2 shows the values of m and m '. '
- (8) means a compound having a structure represented by the following formula (8)
- “(9)” means a compound having the following structure.
- “(10)” means a compound having a structure represented by the following formula (10)
- “(11)” means a compound having a structure represented by the following formula (9).
- 11 means a compound having a structure represented by 1)
- “(12)” means a compound having a structure represented by the following formula (12).
- An aluminum cylinder with a diameter of 3 Omm and a length of 260.5 mm was used as a support.
- the surface of the support was roughened by wet honing as in the case of the electrophotographic photosensitive member 18.
- This coating solution for the charge generation layer was applied onto the support by dip coating, and dried at 115 ° C. for 10 minutes to form a charge generation layer having a thickness of 0.5 ⁇ .
- a coating solution for an S-shaped charge transport layer was prepared by dispersing 100 parts of isoptyl with an atritor using stainless steel beads having a diameter of 3 mm for 200 hours.
- the S-shaped charge transport layer coating solution was applied onto the charge generation layer by dip coating and dried at 115 ° C for 10 minutes to form a 2 / im-thick S-shaped charge transport layer. 1 hole transport layer).
- the volume ratio of hexagonal selenium in the S-shaped charge transport layer was about 35%.
- the average particle size of hexagonal selenium was up to 0.05.
- a coating solution for a hole transport layer (coating solution for a second hole transport layer).
- This coating solution for the hole transport layer (coating solution for the second hole transport layer) is dip-coated on the S-shaped charge transport layer (the first hole transport layer) and dried at 135 ° C for 1 hour.
- a hole transport layer (second hole transport layer) having a thickness of 20 ⁇ m was formed.
- electrophotographic photosensitive members used in Examples 1 to 21 and Comparative Examples 1 to 6 are as shown in Table 3.
- the evaluation device for evaluation 1 is a modified machine of a laser beam printer (trade name: LBP 2510, manufactured by Canon Inc.) of a contact charging system using a charging roller, a reversal developing system, and a negative charging system.
- This evaluation system was modified to have a variable exposure amount and a resolution of 120 Odpi (laser spot diameter: 80 jum).
- a voltage obtained by superimposing a sine wave AC voltage having a peak-to-peak voltage of 1800 V and a frequency of 800 Hz on a DC voltage of about 650 V is applied to the charging roller by a high voltage power supply Model 1610 manufactured by Trek.
- the electrophotographic photoreceptor prepared in each example was mounted on the LBP 2510 process cartridge for cyan color, and this process cartridge was installed in an evaluation device.
- the potential was set to 650 V for the ⁇ part and 200 V for the bright part. Images were output under an environment of 25 ° C and 15% RH, and the output images were evaluated.
- the dark area potential and the light area potential were measured without changing the light amount setting.
- the potential was measured using a surface potential meter (trade name: mode 1344, manufactured by Trek) with a potential probe (trade name: mode 16000B-8, manufactured by Trek) attached to the developing position.
- Vd. -650V
- the development bias was changed, and the change in dot diameter when the contrast potential (absolute value of the difference between the development bias and the light portion potential) was changed from 300 V to 400 V was evaluated. As the dots of the electrostatic latent image become shallower and wider, the change in dot diameter increases.
- Fig. 6 (a) shows the case where it is relatively deep and narrow, and (b) shows the case where it is relatively shallow and wide.)
- the dot analyzer DA-5 manufactured by Oji Scientific Instruments was evaluated. 0 0 0 S was used. Before the toner image on the surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor is completely transferred to the paper, stop the operation of the electrophotographic photoreceptor and leave it for 18 hours. The diameter of the dot was measured at 20 points, and the difference between the average values was determined. Character evaluation was performed visually using a microscope.
- Example 22 42 and Comparative Example 7 12 The electrophotographic photoreceptor used in Example 22 42 and Comparative Example 7 12 is shown in Table 4. It is shown.
- the evaluation device of evaluation 2 is the same as the evaluation device used in evaluation 1, except that the voltage applied to the charging roller is only a DC voltage (the voltage value is adjusted so that the surface potential of the electrophotographic photoreceptor becomes 650 V. This is the same as the evaluation device used in Evaluation 1 except that it was changed to
- the evaluation procedure is the same as evaluation 1.
- Table 4 shows the evaluation results.
- the evaluation device of evaluation 3 is the same as the evaluation device used in evaluation 1, except that the charging method is a corona charging method (the voltage value applied to the corona charger is adjusted to a value at which the surface potential of the electrophotographic photosensitive member is _650 V) The same as the evaluation device used in Evaluation 1 except for the change to).
- the charging method is a corona charging method (the voltage value applied to the corona charger is adjusted to a value at which the surface potential of the electrophotographic photosensitive member is _650 V)
- the evaluation device used in Evaluation 1 except for the change to).
- the evaluation procedure is the same as evaluation 1.
- Table 5 shows the evaluation results.
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JP2005516728A JP4405970B2 (ja) | 2003-12-26 | 2004-12-24 | 電子写真感光体、プロセスカートリッジおよび電子写真装置 |
US11/064,082 US7141341B2 (en) | 2003-12-26 | 2005-02-24 | Electrophotographic photosensitive member, process cartridge, and electrophotographic apparatus |
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JP2003-434016 | 2003-12-26 | ||
JP2003434016 | 2003-12-26 |
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US11/064,082 Continuation US7141341B2 (en) | 2003-12-26 | 2005-02-24 | Electrophotographic photosensitive member, process cartridge, and electrophotographic apparatus |
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WO2005064414A2 true WO2005064414A2 (ja) | 2005-07-14 |
WO2005064414A1 WO2005064414A1 (ja) | 2005-07-14 |
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US20050142472A1 (en) | 2005-06-30 |
JPWO2005064414A1 (ja) | 2007-07-19 |
JP4405970B2 (ja) | 2010-01-27 |
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