Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08B—POLYSACCHARIDES; DERIVATIVES THEREOF
  • C08B37/00—Preparation of polysaccharides not provided for in groups C08B1/00 - C08B35/00; Derivatives thereof
  • C08B37/006—Heteroglycans, i.e. polysaccharides having more than one sugar residue in the main chain in either alternating or less regular sequence; Gellans; Succinoglycans; Arabinogalactans; Tragacanth or gum tragacanth or traganth from Astragalus; Gum Karaya from Sterculia urens; Gum Ghatti from Anogeissus latifolia; Derivatives thereof
  • C08B37/0063—Glycosaminoglycans or mucopolysaccharides, e.g. keratan sulfate; Derivatives thereof, e.g. fucoidan
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P7/00—Drugs for disorders of the blood or the extracellular fluid
  • A61P7/02—Antithrombotic agents; Anticoagulants; Platelet aggregation inhibitors
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
  • A61P9/08—Vasodilators for multiple indications
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
  • A61P9/10—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system for treating ischaemic or atherosclerotic diseases, e.g. antianginal drugs, coronary vasodilators, drugs for myocardial infarction, retinopathy, cerebrovascula insufficiency, renal arteriosclerosis

Definitions

• the present invention concerns novel low molecular weight polysaccharides derived from K5 polysaccharide, having a good activity on the coagulation parameters with a low hemorrhagic risk, useful as medicaments for the regulation of coagulation and for the prevention and the treatment of thrombosis.
• the invention refers to novel LMW-epiK5-N,O- sulfates having a sulfation degree of 2.7-2.9, obtainable by treating novel LMW- epiK5-N-sulfates (in their turn prepared by nitrous depolymerization of epiK5-N- sulfates), with an O-sulfation agent under O-oversulfation conditions, by submitting the LMW-epiK5-amine-O-oversulfate thus obtained to a selective O- desulfation, treating the partially O-desulfatated product thus obtained to a 6-0- sulfation and finally treating the 6-O-resulfated product thus obtained with a sulfating agent under N-sulfation conditions.
• the invention refers to a process for the preparation of said LMW-epiK5-N,O-sulfates having a sulfation degree of from 2.3 to 2.9 and to new intermediates.
• glycosaminoglycans such as heparin, heparan sulfate, dermatan sulfate, chondroitin sulfate and hyaluronic acid are biopolymers that are industrially extracted from various animal organs.
• heparin mainly obtained by extraction from pig intestinal mucosa or from bovine lung, is a polydispersed copolymer with a molecular weight distribution from approximately 3,000 to approximately 30,000 D consisting of a mixture of chains basically consisting of a uronic acid (glucuronic acid or iduronic acid) and of an amino sugar (glucosamine) linked by ⁇ -l-» 4 or ⁇ -l-> 4 bonds.
• the uronic unit can be O-sulfated in position 2 and the glucosamine unit is N-acetylated or N-sulfated, 6-O-sulfated, and 3-O-sulfated in approximately 0.5% of the glucosamine units present.
• heparin occurs starting from its precursor N-acetyl-heparosan consisting of a mixture of chains consisting of the repetitive disaccharide unit glucuronyl- ⁇ -l-»4-N- acetylglucosamine. Said precursor undergoes enzymatic modifications which partially hydrolyze the N-acetyl group, replace it with an SO 3 " group, epimerize the carboxyl in position 5 of a part of the glucuronic units, convert them into iduronic units and introduce O-sulfate groups to get a product which, once extracted industrially, has approximately a double number of sulfate groups in respect of the carboxy groups per disaccharide unit.
• active pentasaccharide which is the structure necessary for the high affinity bond of heparin to ATIII and fundamental for the anticoagulant and antithrombotic activity of heparin.
• This pentasaccharide present inside only some of the chains which form heparin, contains a sulfated glucosamine unit in position 3 and a glucuronic acid spaced out between disaccharides containing iduronic acids.
• the formation of the active pentasaccharide is made possible by the epimerization reaction of the carboxyl of a part of the glucuronic units into iduronic units provided by the D-glucuronyl C5-epimerase (C5-epimerization) and by a suitable sulfation which also leads to the introduction of a sulfate group onto the hydroxyl in position 3 of the glucosamine. More particularly, in nature the formation of the active pentasaccharide is made possible by the fact that the C5-epimerization occurs in clusters, i.e. on portions of chains, and extensively, which results in a product that contains more iduronic units than glucuronic ones.
• K5 polysaccharide The capsular K5 polysaccharide, herinafter referred to as "K5 polysaccharide” or more simply "K5", was chemically modified by Lormeau et al. as described in US 5,550,116 and by Casu et al. as described in Carbohydrate Research, 1994, 263, 271-284. K5-O-sulfates having antitumoral, antimetastatic, antiviral, in particular anti-HiN, activities are described in EP 333243 and WO 98/34958.
• the K5 was also modified by chemical and enzymatic means in order to obtain products having the same kind of in vitro biological activity on coagulation as that of heparin as extracted from animal organs (extractive heparin).
• the attainment of the products having an activity on coagulation of the same type as that of extractive heparin occurs by processes which mimic that occurring in nature and comprise the key step of C5-epimerization with D- glucuronyl C5 epimerase.
• the processes described in IT 1230785, WO 92/17507, WO 96/14425 and WO 97/43317 utilize K5 as starting material.
• K5 originating from fermentation is subjected to ⁇ -deacetylation followed by ⁇ -sulfation and, on the K5- ⁇ -sulfate thus obtained, by a C5-epimerization with C5-epimerase, obtained either by chromatography of a solution of microsomal enzymes from mouse mastocytoma (IT 1 230 785) or from bovine liver (WO 92/17507, WO 96/14425 and WO 97/43317), is performed in solution.
• the D-glucuronyl C5-epimerase from bovine liver was purified by Campbell, P. et al. in J. Biol.
• the document WO 01/72848 describes a method for the preparation of N- deacetylated, N-sulfated derivatives of K5 polysaccharide, epimerized to at least 40% of iduronic acid in respect of the total of the uronic acids, having a molecular weight from 2,000 to 30,000, containing from 25 to 50% of high affinity chains for ATIII and having an anticoagulant and antithrombotic activity, expressed as HCII/antiXa ratio, of from 1.5 to 4.
• Said process which comprises in sequence the preparation of K5 from Escherichia coli, N-deacetilation and N-sulfation, C5-epimerization, oversulfation, selective O-desulfation, 6-O-sulfation and N-sulfation, provides a C5 epimerization carried out with C5 epimerase, in solution or immobilized, in the presence of specific bivalent cations.
• the C5-e ⁇ imerization can be indifferently carried out with a natural or recombinant enzyme, immobilized o in solution, at a temperature of from 30 to 40°C for a period of time of from 1 to 24 hours.
• the aforesaid process involves the steps: (s-a) an N-deacetylation of K5 polysaccharide and an N-sulfation of the resulting K5-amine, (s-b) an epimerization of K5-N-sulfate, (s-c) an O- oversulfation of epiK5-N-sulfate, (s-d) a partial O-desulfation, (s-e) a selective 6- O-sulfation, (s-f) an N-sulfation of the product thus obtained, any product obtained at the end of anyone of the steps (s-b)-(s-f) being susceptible to be submitted to depolymerization.
• Said document describes an epiK5-N,O-sulfate having a molecular weight of 7,400, obtained by the aforesaid steps (s-a)-(s-f) followed by a nitrous depolymerization at the end of step (s-f), with a degree of sulfation from 2.3 to 2.9.
• the same document also describes a K5 fraction with a molecular weight of approximately 5,000 which can also be subjected to steps (s-a) - (s-f).
• K5 polysaccharide is meant the capsular polysaccharide from Escherichia coli obtained by fermentation, i.e. a mixture of chains consisting of disaccharide units (A) optionally containing a double bond at the non-reducing end as illustrated above, howsoever prepared and purified according to the methods described in literature, in particular according to Vann 1981, according to Manzoni M.
• K5-amine is meant at least 95% N-deacetylated K5, preferably fully N- deacetylated, namely in which N-acetyl groups are undetectable with a normal
• K5-N-sulfate is meant at least 95%, preferably 100%, N-deacetylated and N-sulfated K5, since N-acetyl groups are undetectable with a normal NMR apparatus;
• epiK5 is meant the K5 and its derivatives in which 40%-60% of the glucuronic units is C5-epimerized to iduronic units
• epiK5-N-sulfate K5-N-sulfate in which 40%-60% of the glucuronic units is C5-epimerized to iduronic units;
• epiK5-amine-O-oversulfate is meant an epiK5-amine-O-sulfate with a sulfation degree of at least 2;
• epiK5-N,O-sulfate is meant a K5-N,O-sulfate wherein 40%-60% of the glucuronic units is C5 -epimerized to iduronic units, with a sulfation degree of from 2.3 to 2.9;
• K5 as isolated after fermentation, generally with a molecular weight distribution from approximately 1,500 to approximately 50,000 with a mean molecular weight of 12,000 - 25,000, advantageously of 15,000-25,000;
• LMW low molecular weight
• LMW-epiK5-N-sulfate designate low molecular weight products having a mean molecular weight of from about 1,500 to about 12,000;
• molecular weight indicates the molecular weight determined by HPLC against standard of heparin and low molecular weight heparin;
• ponderant species is meant the compound which, in the mixture constituting the LMW-epiK5-N-sulfate, the LMW-epiK5-amine-O- oversulfate or the LMW-epiK5-N,O-sulfate, is the most represented species, determined by the peak of the curve of the molecular weight measured by HPLC;
• degree of sulfation is meant the SO 3 " /COO " ratio, expressible also as the number of sulfate groups per disaccharide unit, measured by the conductimetric method described by Casu B. et al. in Carbohydrate Research, 1975, 39, 168-176 (Casu 1975);
• O-oversulfation conditions an extreme O-sulfation performed, for example, according to the Method C described by B. Casu et al. in Carbohydrate Research, 1994, 263, 271-284 (Casu 1994); - by the term “alkyl” is meant a linear or branched alkyl, whereas “tetrabutylammonium” denotes the tefra(n-butyl)ammonium group.
• alkyl is meant a linear or branched alkyl
• tetrabutylammonium denotes the tefra(n-butyl)ammonium group.
• K5-amine corresponds to “aminoheparosan”
• K5-N-sulfate corresponds to “sulfaminoheparosan”
• K5-N-sulfate corresponds to “sulfaminoheparosan”
• Said epiK5-amineO-oversulfate- derivatives are prepared by a process which comprises treating an epiK5-N- sulfate-derivative with, preferably, tetrabutylammom ' um hydroxide, by letting the reaction mixture to stand for a period of time of 30-60 minutes at a pH of about 7 and isolating the salt, preferably the tetrabutylammonium salt, thus obtained; and treating said salt with an O-sulfating agent under O-oversulfation conditions.
• the above mentioned document discloses the preparation of LMW-epiK5-amine-O- oversulfates starting from a LMW-epiK5-N-sulfate.
• LMW-epiK5-N-sulfates preferably free of N-acetyl groups, wherein the content in iduronic acid in respect of the total of uronic acids is of 40%-60%, preferably around 50%.
• Said LMW-epiK5-N-sulfates are useful intermediates in the preparation of LMW-epiK5-N,O-sulfates having a high degree of activity on various biological parameters, in particular on coagulation parameters (IT MI2002A001346).
• the preparation of said LMW-epiK5-N- sulfates is described in detail in the three above documents.
• PCT/IB03/02339 discloses pharmaceutical compositions comprising, as an active ingredient, an (epi)K5-amine-O-oversulfate-derivative or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, obtainable by a process which comprises
• depolymerized-LMW-epiK5-N,O-sulfates having a sulfation degree of from about 2.3 to 2.9 and a good activity on the coagulation parameters can be prepared by submitting a depolymerized-LMW- epiK5-N-sulfate to a an O-oversulfation reaction, for example according to the Method C described by B. Casu et al.
• the selective partial O-desulfation with dimethyl sulfoxide/methanol may be carried out in a more large range of heating times, thus obtaining, in a reproducible manner, final depolymerized-LMW-epiK5-N,O- sulfates having an always high activity on the coagulation parameters, even though variable in function of the selective O-desulfation times employed.
• a depolymerized-LMW- epiK5-N-sulfate having a mean molecular weight of about 6,000 is submitted to an O-oversulfation, the depolymerized-LMW-epiK5-amine-O-oversulfate thus obtained to a selective O-desulfation, the partially O-desulfated depolymerized product to a 6-O-sulfation and then to a N-sulfation under conditions similar to those described in WO 02/50125, a depolymerized-LMW-epiK5-N,O-sulfate is obtained, having a mean molecular weight of about 6,000, a sulfation degree of 2.7-2.9, an anti-Xa activity and an anti-IIa activity both as high as a half of the activity of the low molecular weight heparin Standard (sLMWH), namely an antiXa/anti-IIa ratio identical
• sLMWH low molecular weight
• glycosaminoglycan derived from the polysaccharide K5 that may be assimilated to the sLMWH as far as the antiXa/anti-IIa ratio is concerned and that, at equal dosages, presents a 2.5- to 4- fold lower hemorrhagic risk than sLMWH.
• depolymerized-LMW-epiK5- amine-O-oversulfates obtainable by the process which comprises the treatment of a depolymerized-LMW-epiK5-N-sulfate with an O-sulfation agent under O- oversulfation conditions, are substantially devoid of anticoagulant activity and have a good microbicidal activity, as that of the LMW-epiK5-amine-O- oversulfates described in PCT/IB03/02339.
• Figure 1 shows the 13 C-NMR spectrum of the depolymerized-LMW- epiK5-amine-O-sulfate of Example 1(b).
• Figure 2 shows the C-NMR spectrum of the depolymerized-LMW- epiK5-amine-O-sulfate containing at 80% of 6-O-sulfate of Example 1(c).
• Figure 3 shows the C-NMRspectrum of the final depolymerized-LMW- epiK5-amine-N,O-sulfate of Example 1(d), indicating the presence of sulfated 2,5-anhydromannitol units.
• Salts with alkaline metals, in particular sodium or potassium, with alkaline-earth metals, in particular calcium and magnesium, with aluminum and with zinc are preferred pharmaceutically acceptable salts.
• the starting depolymerized-LMW-epiK5-N-sulfates may be prepared by submitting an epiK5-N-sulfate to a nitrous depolymerization followed by a reduction normally with sodium borohydride.
• the epiK5-N-sulfates used for the preparation of the above starting depolymerized-LMW-epiK5-N-sulfates are those having an iduronic acid content of 40-60% and contain at least 95% N-sulfate group, as for example those described in WO 01/72848, in US 2002/0062019 or in WO 02/068477.
• the starting depolymerized-LMW-epiK5-N-sulfates as illustrated above are prepared by a process which comprises submitting a KS-N- sulfate, in any one order, (i) to a C5-epimerization with a D-glucuronyl C5-epimerase, isolated, purified and in solution or immobilized on a solid support, at a pH of approximately 7, at a temperature of approximately 30°C and for a time period of 12-24 hours in the presence of at least one bivalent ion selected among calcium, magnesium, barium and manganese; and (ii) to a nitrous depolymerization followed by a reduction, normally with sodium borohydride.
• any order means that the process can indifferently be carried out either in the direction (i)-( ⁇ ), i.e. in the sequence shown above, or in the reverse direction (ii)-(i), i. e. by subjecting the K5-N-sulfate at first to the nitrous depolymerization reaction, followed by reduction with sodium borohydride, and then to the C5-epimerization under the aforesaid conditions.
• the preferred order is in the direction (i) — » (ii).
• the sequence (ii) - * (i) is preferably utilized starting from LMW-K5-N-sulfates having a mean molecular weight of more than 4,000, preferably starting from about 6,000.
• step (ii) the percentage of optimum epimerization is obtained.
• the epimerization occurs in an optimal manner if it is carried out on a depolymerized-LMW-K5-N-sulfate having a mean molecular weight higher than 4,000, advantageously of from 5,000 to 7,500, preferably from 6,000 to 7,500.
• the symbols (i) and (ii), as used hereinbelow, designate the depolymerization step and, respectively, the C5-epimerization step, whatever is the order in which these steps are conducted.
• the C5-epimerase may be used in solution or immobilized on an inert solid support.
• the C5-epimerase preferably recombinant, isolated and purified for example according to Campbell 1994, WO 98/48006, Jin-Ping 2001 or Crawford 2001
• the substrate i.e. in the presence of starting K5-N-sulfate or of LMW- 5-N-sulfate, the latter normally having a mean molecular weight of more than 4,000, advantageously of from 4,000 to 7,500, more advantageously from 5,000 to 7,500, preferably of at least 6,000.
• the immobilization is performed according to conventional methods, for example as described in WO 01/72848.
• the C5-epimerization reaction is carried out by recirculating 20-1,000 ml of a 25 mM HEPES solution at a pH of approximately 7 containing 0.001-10 g of substrate (K5-N-sulfate or LMW-K5-N-sulfate, the latter normally with a mean molecular weight of more than 4,000, in particular from 4,000 to 7,500) and a cation selected among calcium, magnesium, barium and manganese at a concentration of from 10 to 60 mM through a column containing from 1.2 x 10 7 to 3 x 10 11 cpm of the immobilized enzyme, by maintaining the pH at approximately 7 at approximately 30°C, at a flow of 30-220 ml/hour for a period of time of 12- 24 hours, advantageously 15-24 hours.
• substrate K5-N-sulfate or LMW-K5-N-sulfate, the latter normally with a mean molecular weight of more than 4,000, in particular from 4,000 to 7,500
• said solution is recirculated at a flow of approximately 200 ml/hour overnight (15-20 hours).
• the product obtained is purified and separated according to known methods, for example by ultrafiltration and precipitation with ethanol.
• the product thus obtained consists either of epiK5-N-sulfate (and in such a case it is dissolved in water and subjected to depolymerization) or of LMW- epiK5-N-sulfate (in such a case it is the end product).
• the percentage of epimerization in practice the amount of iduronic units in respect of the glucuronic ones, is calculated by using 1H-NMR according to the method described in WO 96/4425.
• the nitrous depolymerization reaction is carried out according to known depolymerization methods of heparin, for example according to the method described in EP 37319, in WO 82/03627 or according to the depolymerization method of a K5-N-sulfate described in EP 544592, but starting from a KS-N- sulfate or an epiK5-N-sulfate containing from 0 to no more than 5% acetyl groups.
• the depolymerization, performed with sodium nitrite and hydrochloric acid on an epiK5-N-sulfate is followed by a reduction in situ with sodium borohydride.
• a cold aqueous solution of (epi)K5-N-sulfate is brought to acid pH (approximately 2) with hydrochloric acid and, still in the cold, treated with sodium nitrite, by maintaining the temperature (approximately 4°C) and the pH (approximately 2) constant and, upon termination of the depolymerization (approximately 15 - 30 minutes) the solution is neutralized with sodium hydroxide and treated, still at approximately 4°C, with an aqueous solution of sodium borohydride.
• the excess sodium borohydride is destroyed with hydrochloric acid, the solution is neutralized with sodium hydroxide and the depolymerized (and reduced) product is isolated according to known methods, for example by straightforward precipitation with ethanol or acetone.
• the product obtained at the end of the depolymerization can be either a LMW-epiK5-N-sulfate (in such case it constitutes the end product) or a LMW- K5-N-sulfate (and in such case is directly subjected to C5-epimerization as shown hereinabove, after isolation), in particular when it has a mean molecular weight of more than 4,000, advantageously from 4,000 to 7,500, more advantageously from 5,000 to 7,500, preferably of at least 6,000.
• the starting product is dissolved in 100-200 ml of deionized water and thermostated at 4 °C. Then an amount of sodium nitrite is added so as to obtain the desired mean molecular weight.
• a LMW-(epi)K5-N-sulfate with a mean molecular weight of from about 2,000 to about 4,000 starting from an (epi)K5-N-sulfate having a mean molecular weight of about 20,000 (measured with the HPLC method equipped with a BioRad BioSil 250 column and using a heparin standard of known molecular weight) , there will be required the addition of 330 to 480 mg of sodium nitrite dissolved in a 0.2 % aqueous solution.
• the solution containing the (epi)K5-N-sulfate and the sodium nitrite, kept at 4°C, is brought to pH 2 by addition of 0.1 N HC1 cooled to 4°C. It is left to react under slow stirring for 20-40 minutes, then it is neutralized with 0.1 N NaOH.
• the solution containing the product thus obtained is brought to room temperature and treated with a reducing agent such as for example sodium borohydride (250-500 mg dissolved in 50-100 ml of water) and left to react for 4- 8 hours.
• a reducing agent such as for example sodium borohydride (250-500 mg dissolved in 50-100 ml of water) and left to react for 4- 8 hours.
• the excess sodium borohydride is eliminated by bringing the pH to 5-5.5 with 0.1 N HC1 and letting the mixture to stand for a further 2-4 hours.
• the mixture is neutralized with 0.1 N NaOH and the product is recovered by precipitation with acetone or ethanol after having concentrated the product by evaporation under reduced pressure.
• the amounts of sodium nitrite can be determined which, starting from 1 g of K5-N-sulfate or epiK5-N-sulfate, allow the attainment of a depolymerized-LMW-K5-N-sulfate or a depolymerized-LMW-epiK5-N-sulfate with a mean molecular weight from about 4,000 to about 12,000, advantageously from about 4,000 to about 7,500, in particular of 6,000-7,500.
• the starting materials in the preparation of the depolymerized-LMW-epiK5-N,O-sulfates of the present invention are depolymerized-LMW-epiK5-N-sulfate-derivatives consisting of a mixture of chains in which at least 90% of said chains have the formula I
• n is a integer from 2 to 20, advantageously from 3 to 15, and the corresponding cation is a chemically or pharmaceutically acceptable one.
• chemically refers to a cation usable in chemical synthesis, such as sodium, ammonium, tetra(C 1 -C 4 )alkylammonium ions, or for the purification of the product.
• Advantageous cations are those derived from alkaline metals, alkaline- earth metals, ammonium, tetra(C ⁇ -C )alkylammonium, aluminum and zinc.
• Preferred cations are the sodium, calcium and tetrabutylammonium ions.
• the depolymerized-LMW-epiK5-N-sulfates consisting of a mixture of chains in which at least 90% of said chains have the formula I herein above, obtained by nitrous depolymerization of the corresponding epiK5-N-sulfates shown above and subsequent reduction for example with sodium borohydride, are particularly interesting starting compounds.
• depolymerized-LMW- epiK5-N-sulfates consisting of a mixture of chains in which the preponderant species has the formula Fa
• glucuronic and iduronic units are present alternately, the non reducing extremity being a glucuronic or iduronic unit, hi such a case the glucuronic/iduronic ratio is from 45/55 to 55/45, i.e. approximately 50/50.
• C5-epimerase preferably recombinant, preferably immobilized on a solid support in the conditions shown above therefore allows not the "cluster" epimerization of K5-N-sulfate-derivatives into epiK5-N-sulfate- derivatives as occurs in nature, but in a regular manner.
• step (a) consists of an O- oversulfation of the starting depolymerized-LMW-epiK5-N-sulfates, which may be carried out according to anyone of the methods described in the literature, for example according to the Method C described by Casu et al., or according to variations of the same method, for example as described in US 2002/0062019, in order to obtain a depolimerized-LMW-epiK5-amine-O-oversulfate.
• depolymerized-LMW-epiK5-amine-O-oversulfates from depolymerized-LMW-epiK5-sulfates obtained by nitrous depolymerization and subsequent reduction with, for example, sodium borohydride, involves, at the reducing end of the majority of the chains in said mixture of chains, the presence of a sulfated 2,5-anhydromannitol unit of structure (a')
• the obtained product is suspended in 20-500 ml of dimethyl formamide (DMF) or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and 15-300 g of a sulfating agent, such as the pyridine.SO 3 adduct, in solid form or dissolved in DMF or DMSO, are added thereto.
• the solution is maintained at 20-70°C, preferably at 40-60°C for 2-24 hours.
• a volume of water is added in order to stop the reaction, the pH is brought to neutrality with IN NaOH.
• the sample is recovered by precipitation with a saturated solution of NaCl in acetone. The precipitate is separated from the solvent by filtration.
• the obtained solid is dissolved in 100 ml of deionized water and purified from the residual salts by ultrafiltration.
• the obtained product shows a sulfate/carboxyl ratio of from 2 to a maximum of 3.2, calculated according, to Casu et al. Carbohydate Res. 1975, 39, 168-176.
• the position 6 of the amino sugar is 80-95% sulfated and the position 2 is not sulfated.
• the other sulfate groups are present on the position 3 of the amino sugar and in the positions 2 and 3 of the uronic acid.
• a depolymerized-LMW-epiK5-amine-O-oversulfate having a higher sulfate/carboxyl ratio, namely of at least 3.4, advantageously of at least 3.5, more advantageously from 3.55 to 4, preferably from 3.55 to 3.8, is obtained by carrying out the above step (a) by (al) treating a said depolymerized-LMW-epiK5-N-sulfate, in acidic form, with a tertiary or quaternary organic base, letting the reaction mixture to stand for a period of time of 30-60 minutes, maintaining the pH of the solution at a value of about 7 by addition of said tertiary or quaternary organic base and isolating its salt with said organic base; (a2) treating said organic base salt of said depolymerized-LMW-epiK5-N-sulfate with an O-sulfation agent under O-oversulfation conditions and isolating the depolymer
• the depolimerized-LMW-epiK5-amine-O-oversulfate obtained at the end of step (a) or of the step (al) + (a2) has a sulfation degree of from 2 to 4 and a mean molecular weight of from about 2,500 to about 12,500, advantageously from about 2,500 to about 10,500, preferably from about 2,500 to about 8,000 and the corresponding cation is chemically or pharmaceutically acceptable.
• a depolymerized-LMW-epiK5-N-sulfate having a mean molecular weight of from about 1,500 to about 12,000 a depolymerized- LMW-e ⁇ iK5-amine-O-oversulfate with a mean molecular weight of from about 2,500 to about 12,500, namely slightly higher than that of the starting material instead of a theoretical molecular weight range of from about 2,000 to about 15,000, is obtained at the end of step (a).
• This diminution of the molecular weight is caused by a further depolymerization due to the strongly acidic medium in which step (a) is conducted.
• the depolymerized-LMW-epiK5-amine-O-sulfates are advantageously formed of a mixture of chains wherein at least 90% of said chains have the formula II
• uronic units are those of iduronic acid
• R, R' e R" represent hydrogen or a SO 3 " group
• q is an integer from 2 to 17, advantageously from 2 to 14, preferably from 2 to 11, presents an unit (a') as defined above at the reducing end of the majority of its chains and the corresponding cation is a chemically or pharmaceutically acceptable one.
• Depolymerized-LMW-epiK5-amine-O-oversulfates having a very high sulfation degree (at least 3.4, advantageously at least 3.5, more advantageously from 3.55 to 4, preferably from 3.55 to 3.8) obtainable according to the above mentioned steps (al) + (a2) are formed by a mixture of chains wherein at least 90%o of said chains have the formula II wherein 40%-60%, preferably 50%-55% of the uronic units are those of the iduronic acid, R is at least 40%, advantageously 50%-80%, preferably about 65% SO 3 " , R' and R" are both SO 3 " or one of them is hydrogen and the other is 5%-10% SO 3 _ in glucuronic acid and 10%- 15% SO 3 " in iduronic acid, q is as defined above and the corresponding cation is a chemically or pharmaceutically acceptable one.
• step (b) of the process of the present invention the selective O- desulfation of the depolymerized-LMW-epiK5-amine-O-oversulfate obtained at the end of step (a) is carried out by treatment of the depolymerized-LMW-epiK5- N-sulfate with a mixture DMSO/methanol 9/1, for example according to the methods described by A. Naggi et al., Carbohydrate Research, 2001, 336, 283- 290, in WO 01/72848 or in US 2002/0062019.
• a solution of the depolymerized-LMW-epiK5-amine-O- oversulfate obtained at the end of step (a) is passed onto a cationic exchange resin such as IR-120 H + by washing with deionized water and the percolated solution is brought to pH from 6 to 7 with a tertiary or quaternary organic base such as pyridine.
• a tertiary or quaternary organic base such as pyridine.
• the salt of the depolymerized-LMW-epiK5-amine-O-oversulfate with the organic base for example its pyridine salt, is isolated by lyophilization of the suitably concentrated solution.
• the obtained product is treated with a solution dimethysulfoxide/methanol about 9/1 (V/V) and the obtained solution is maintained at 45-90°C for a period of time of from 1 to 8 hours, advantageously of from 2 to 4 hours, preferably of from 135 to 155 minutes.
• the partially O- desulfated product consisting of a depolymerized-LMW-epiK5-amine-O-sulfate partially desulfated prevalently on the primary hydroxyls and on the hydroxyls of the uronic acids, is isolated by precipitation from the solution by addition of deionized water and, subsequently, of acetone, optionally containing sodium chloride in an amount until saturation.
• the mixture dimethyl sulfoxide/methanol about 9/1 (V/V) is previously heated to the desired temperature, the depolymerized-LMW-epiK5-amine-O-oversulfate salt is added thereto and the duration of the O-desulfation reaction is considered starting from the moment in that the whole of the reagents is at the previously selected temperature.
• the depolymerized-LMW-epiK5-an ⁇ ine-O-sulfate, partially desulfated prevalently on the primary hydroxyls and on the hydroxyls of the uronic acids, is isolated as described above. A little sample may be separated for the characterization and the remaining product is used for the subsequent 6-O- sulfation step (c).
• step (c) the precipitate from acetone is washed with acetone, dissolved in water and the solution is brought to a pH of about 7.5 with 2N NaOH, passed through a IR-120 H + resin, then neutralized with a tertiary or quaternary organic base such as pyridine or tetrabutyl ammonium hydroxide and the obtained salt is isolated by lyophilization.
• the 6-O-sulfation is carried out by dissolving the aforesaid salt in DMF and adding the sulfation agent, for example pyridine.SO , also dissolved in DMF, in an amount of 2.15 grams per gram of product (tetrabutyl ammonium salt).
• the reaction is carried out by maintaining the mixture at about 0°C for about 60-120 minutes and the 6-O-sulfated product is isolated by neutralizing the solution with NaOH and by subsequent precipitation with acetone, optionally containing sodium chloride in an amount until saturation. The precipitation operation may be repeated several times.
• the 6-O-resulfated depolymerized-LMW-epiK5-amine-O-sulfate thus obtained has a 6-O-sulfate content of at least 80%.
• step (d) the 6-O-resulfated de ⁇ olymerized-LMW-epiK5-O-sulfate is treated with a sulfation agent under the classical N-sulfation conditions.
• the operation is carried out by treating an aqueous solution of the 6-O- resulfated depolymerized-LMW-epiK5 -O-sulfate obtained at the end of step (c) with sodium carbonate and then with a sulfation agent such as pyridine.SO 3 at a temperature of 35-45°C and the final product, consisting of the depolymerized- LMW-epiK5-N,O-sulfate having a sulfation degree of from 2.3 to 2.9, is isolated as sodium salt, for example by diafiltration. The N-sulfation reaction may be repeated.
• the sodium salt of the depolymerized-LMW-epiK5-N,O-sulfate having a sulfation degree of from 2.3 to 2.9 may be converted into another pharmaceutical acceptable salt, such as that of another alkaline metal salt, of an alkaline-earth metal, of aluminum or of zinc according to known methods, for example by ionic exchange with a suitable resin, by precipitation with solvents or by ultrafiltration through suitable membranes.
• Advantageous salts are those of sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, aluminum and zinc. The sodium and calcium salts are preferred.
• the present invention provides a process for the preparation of depolymerized-LMW-epiK5-N,O-sulfates having a sulfation degree of from 2.3 to 2.9, and of their pharmaceutical acceptable salts, which comprises
• depolymerized-LMW-epiK5-N,O- sulfates having a sulfation degree of from 2.3 to 2.9 and a mean molecular weight of at least 6,000, in particular of from about 6,000 to about 12,000, advantageously from about 6,000 to about 11,000 are obtained.
• the depolymerized-LMW-epiK5-N,O-sulfates having a sulfation degree of from 2.3 to 2.9 and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, obtainable by this preferred process, represent another preferred embodiment of the present invention.
• the preferred salts are the above mentioned ones, in particular the sodium and calcium salts.
• the present invention provides a process which, starting from a K5-N-sulfate, via the sequence (i)— (ii), allows the preparation of depolymerized-LMW-epiK5-N,O-sulfates having a sulfation degree of from 2.3 to 2.9 and a mean molecular weight in the whole range of from about 1,000 to about 12,000.
• This process which is particularly appropriate for the preparation of depolymerized-LMW-epiK5-N,O-sulfates having a very low mean molecular weight (from about 2,000 to about 5,000) not obtainable by the process conducted via the sequence (ii)-(i), comprises
• depolymerized-LMW-epiK5-N,O-sulfates having a sulfation degree of from 2.3 to 2.9 and their pharmaceutical acceptable salts, obtainable by this other preferred process, represent a further preferred embodiment of the present invention.
• the preferred salts are the above mentioned ones, in particular the sodium and calcium salts.
• the present invention refers to novel depolymerized-LMW-epiK5-N,O-sulfates having a sulfation degree of from 2.3 to 2.9, and to their pharmaceutical acceptable salts, having a mean molecular weight of from about 1,500 to about 12,000, but, in particular, lower than 5,000, preferably lower than 4,000, advantageously from about 1,500 to about 5,000, preferably from about 1,500 to about 4,000. It is to be noted that the molecular weight of the new depolymerized-
• LMW-epiK5-N,O-sulfates is approximately equal to that of the starting depolymerized-LMW-epiK5-N-sulfates due to the partial depolymerization occurring in the O-oversulfation step (a) or (al) + (a2).
• the present invention concerns depolymerized-LMW-epiK5-N,O-sulfates having a sulfation degree of from 2.3 to 2.9, advantageously from 2.5 to 2.9, preferably from 2.7 to 2.9, and a mean molecular weight of from about 1,500 to about 12,000, advantageously from about 1,500 to about 10,000, preferably from about 1,500 to about 8,000 and characterized by the presence of the structure (a') at the reducing end of the majority of its chains, and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts.
• this depolymerized-LMW-epiK5-N, O-sulfate has a sulfation degree of from 2.7 to 2.9, a content of 80-95% in glucosamine 6-O-sulfate, of 95-100% in glucosamine N- sulfate, of 45-55%) in glucosamine 3-O-sulfate, of 35-45% in glucuronic acid 3-O- sulfate, of 15-25% in iduronic acid 2-O-sulfate and presents an unity (a') as defined above at the reducing end of the majority of its chains.
• Advantageous depolymerized-LMW-epiK5-N,O-sulfates of the present invention consist of mixtures of chains in which at least 80%> of said chains has the formula III
• uronic units are 40%-60%> those of iduronic acid
• q is an integer from 2 to 17, advantageously from 2 to 14, preferably from 2 to 11
• R, R' and R" are hydrogen or SO 3 " , for a sulfation degree of from 2.3 to 2.9, and the reducing end of the majority of the chains in said mixture of chains presents a sulfated 2,5- anidromannitol unit of structure (a')
• a preferred depolymerized-LMW-epiK5-N,O-sulfate, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof consists of a mixture of chains in which the preponderant species is a compound of formula III wherein q is 8 or 9, R is 45%-55% SO 3 " , R' is 35%-45% SO 3 " in glucuronic acid, R" is 15%-25% SO 3 _ in iduronic acid, for a sulfation degree of from 2.7 to 2.9, and presents a sulfated 2,5- anidromannitol unit of structure (a') as defined above at the reducing end of the majority of its chains.
• the new depolymerized-LM-epiK5-N,O-sulfates of the present invention possess a very interesting activity on the coagulation parameters. In fact, they have high anti-Xa and anti-IIa activities and involve a very low risk of inducing bleeding in patients in need of a heparinic treatment for the regulation of the coagulation.
• Example 1 One of these depolymerized-LMW-epiK5-N,O-sulfates, illustrated hereinbelow in Example 1, has been tested in the classical assays of the anti-Xa and anti-IIa activities, and its effect on the Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (APTT) has also been tested.
• Activity assays used for the determination of the anti-IIa and anti-Xa activities are based on the inhibition of coagulation enzymes by the complex formed by heparin and antitlirombin III (ATIII). ATIII and factor Ila or factor Xa are added in excess.
• Residual clotting enzyme reacts with a substrate resulting in a release of spectrophotometrically measurable paranitroaniline, which level is inversely proportional to the level of the clotting enzyme.
• the used buffers are: 0.9%) NaCl in the determination of the anti-Xa activity and Tris 0.05M + NaCl 0.15 M and 1% BSA (Bovine Serum Albumine) in the determination of the anti- IIa activity.
• BSA Bovine Serum Albumine
• Dilution indicating activity approximately 0.5 U/ml in terms of anti-Xa activity and 0.05 U/ml for anti-IIa activity were determined.
• a specific activity for unfractionated heparin of 160 U/ml was assumed for calculations.
• the effect of the depolymerized-LMW-epiK5-N,O-sulfate of the invention and of the reference products on APTT was measured using IL TestTM APTT Lyophilized Silica Kit. Coagulation is initiated in laceted plasma by adding phospholipids which are required to form complexes which activate Factor X and prothrombin.
• a contact activator is used to stimulate the production of Factor Xlla by providing a surface for the function of high molecular weight kininogen, kallikrein and Factor Xlla. Calcium is added to trigger further reactions. Time required for clot formation is measured. In the comparison of the effect of the test and reference compounds on coagulation time, an estimate dose causing coagulation of 100 sec was used. To get this value a dose response curve was prepared using doses causing coagulation times in the range of 50 and 230 seconds. Dose causing a coagulation time af 100 sec was obtained as an estimate from a trendline.
• the anti-Xa and anti-IIa activities of the depolymerized-LMW-epiK5-N,O-sulfate of the invention are about 50% of that of LMWH.
• the depolymerized-LMW-epiK5-N,O-sulfate of the invention as antithrombotic agent, may be considered as a LMWH with an anti-Xa and anti-IIa of the same order of magnitude.
• the potency of the depolymerized-LMW-epiK5-N,O- sulfate of the invention in increasing coagulation is weak.
• the present invention provides, for the first time, a product derived from the polysaccharide K5 that has the same biological characteristics as the sLMWH, but with a lower hemorrhagic risk.
• the new depolymerized-LMW- epiK5-N,O-sulfates of the present invention, and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, are thus useful as medicaments for the regulation of coagulation and for the prevention or the treatment of thrombosis as well as active ingredients of pharmaceutical compositions for the above mentioned indications.
• the present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition
• a pharmaceutical composition comprising, as an active ingredient, a pharmacologically active amount of a depolymerized-LMW-epiK5-N,O-sulfate as illustrated above, in particular a depolymerized-LMW-epiK5-N,O-sulfate having a sulfation degree of from 2.3 to 2.9, a mean molecular weight of from about 1,500 to about 12,000 and presenting the structure (a'), as defined above, at the reducing end of the majority of its chains, or of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in admixture with a pharmaceutical carrier.
• the active ingredients are preferably administered as dosage units, in admixture with the classic pharmaceutical carriers or vehicles.
• the dose can amply change in function of age, weight, and health conditions of the patient.
• This dose comprises the administration of a dosage unit of from 1 to 1,000 mg, advantageously from 10 to 750 mg, preferably from 250 to 500 mg, once to three times per day, by intravenous, subcutaneous, oral, transdermal, ophthalmic or topical route.
• parenteral (subcutaneous or intravenous) administration the preferred dose is of from 5 to 100 mg.
• compositions of the present invention comprise, as an active ingredient thereof, a depolymerized-LMW-epiK5-N,O- sulfate obtainable starting from a K5-N-sulfate, according to the steps (i)— »(ii)— * >(a)-(d) or (ii)— »(i)- * >(a)-(d) of the above illustrated process, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
• said active ingredient is a depolymerized-LMW-epiK5-N,O-sulfate having a sulfation degree of from 2.3 to 2.9, a mean molecular weight of from about 1,500 to about 12,000 and presents the structure (a') as defined above at the reducing end of the majority of its chains.
• said depolymerized-LMW-epiK5-N,O-sulfate has a mean molecular weight of about 6,000, is 95%- 100% N-sulfated, 80%-95% 6-O- sulfated on glucosamine, 45%>-55%> 3-O-sulfated on glucosamine, 35%>-45%> 3-O- sulfated on glucuronic acid, 15%>-25%> 2-O-sulfated on iduronic acid, for a sulfation degree of from 2.7 to 2.9.
• the present invention provides a method for the regulation of the coagulation in a mammal, which comprises administering to said mammal in need of said regulation of the coagulation an effective amount of a depolymerized-LMW-epiK5-N,O-sulfate as illustrated above.
• the invention provides a method for preventing or treating thrombosis in a mammal, which comprises administering to said mammal an effective amount of a depolymerized-LMW-epiK5-N,O-sulfate as illustrated above.
• the effective amount of depolymerized-LMW-epiK5-N,O-sulfate is of from 5 to 100 mg. Said effective amount is administered in a pharmaceutical composition among those illustrated above.
• said depolymerized- LMW-epiK5-N,O-sulfate has a sulfation degree of from 2.3 to 2.9, a mean molecular weight of from about 1,500 to about 12,000 and presents the structure (a') as defined above at the reducing end of the majority of its chains.
• said depolymerized-LMW-epiK5-N,O-sulfate has a mean molecular weight of about 6,000, is 95%-100% N-sulfated, 80%-95% > 6-O- sulfated on glucosamine, 45%-55%> 3-O-sulfated on glucosamine, 35% > -45% 3-O- sulfated on glucuronic acid, 15%-25% 2-O-sulfated on iduronic acid, for a sulfation degree of from 2.7 to 2.9.
• all the (epi)K5-amine-O-oversulfate- derivatives having a sulfation degree of from 2 to 4 have microbicidal activity and are active ingredients of pharmaceutical compositions for the treatment of infectious, in particular viral, diseases.
• said pharmaceutical compositions comprise, as an active ingredient thereof, a pharmacologically effective amount of an (epi)K5-amine-O-oversulfate-derivative, having a sulfation degree of from 2 to 4, obtainable by treating a tertiary or quaternary organic base salt of an (epi)K5-N-sulfate with a sulfation agent under O-oversulfation conditions, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in admixture with a pharmaceutical carrier.
• an (epi)K5-amine-O-oversulfate-derivative having a sulfation degree of from 2 to 4, obtainable by treating a tertiary or quaternary organic base salt of an (epi)K5-N-sulfate with a sulfation agent under O-oversulfation conditions, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in admixture with a pharmaceutical carrier.
• the invention provides a pharmaceutical composition
• a pharmaceutical composition comprising, as active ingredient, a pharmacologically active amount of an (epi)K5-amine-O-oversulfate-derivative having a sulfation degree of from 2 to 4, or of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, obtainable by treating a tertiary or quaternary organic base salt of an (epi)K5-N-sulfate- derivative with a O-sulfating agent under O-oversulfation conditions, said (epi)K5-N-sulfate-derivative salt with said organic base having been isolated according to known methods, in particular by lyophilization, immediately after its formation at a pH of from about 5 to about 9, in admixture with a pharmaceutical carrier.
• the (epi)K5-amine-O-oversulfate-derivative used as active ingredient of the compositions of the present invention is obtainable by (al ') treating an (epi)K5-N-sulfate-derivative, in its acidic form, with a tertiary or quaternary organic base and isolating its salt with said tertiary or quaternary organic base immediately after its formation, at a pH of from about 5 to about 9; (a2') treating said tertiary or quaternary organic base salt of said (epi)K5-N- sulfate-derivative with an O-sulfation agent under the conditions of an O- oversulfation and isolating the (epi)K5-amine-O-oversulfate-derivative as the sodium salt thereof which can subsequently be converted into another salt.
• the active ingredients (epi)K5-amine-O-oversulfate-derivatives are preferably administered in the form of dosage units, in mixture with the classic pharmaceutical excipients or vehicles.
• the dose regimen can vary widely depending on the age, the weight and health condition of the patient.
• This dose regimen includes the administration of a dose of an (epi)K5-amine-O-oversulfate- derivative from 1 to 1000 mg, advantageously from 10 to 750 mg, preferably 250 to 500 mg from one to three times a day by intravenous, subcutaneous, oral, transdermal, ophthalmic or topical administration.
• compositions comprising an (epi)K5-amine-O- oversulfate-derivative such as those shown above are formulated with the classic carriers suitable for the different ways of administration. Particularly advantageous are the formulations in the form of creams, ointments, liniments, gels, foams, balsams, vaginal pessaries, suppositories, solutions or suspensions suitable for local administration.
• formulations in the form of creams, ointments, liniments, gels, foams, balsams, vaginal pessaries, suppositories, solutions or suspensions suitable for local administration.
• PREPARATION I (i) Epimerization to epiK5-N-sulfate
• step (i) Epimerization of depolymerized-LMW-K5 -N-sulfate 1 g of depolymerized-LMW-K5 N-sulfate obtained in step (ii) herein above is treated as described in step (i) of PREPARATION I.
• An epimerized product is obtained with an iduronic acid/glucuronic acid ratio of 44/56 against a ratio of 0/100 of the starting product, with a molecular weight distribution of from 2,000 to 10,000 and with a mean molecular weight of 5,000 D.
• the product obtained is purified by ultrafiltration through a 1000 D membrane and passing over an IR 120 H + ionic exchange column, neutralizing the eluate with IN NaOH.
• the sample is recovered by precipitation with ethanol or acetone.
• An epimerized product is obtained with an iduronic acid/glucuronic acid ratio of 55/45 against a ratio of 0/100 of the starting product.
• the percentage of epimerization was calculated with 1H-RMN according to the method described in WO 96/14425.
• the yield in epiK5-N-sulfate, calculated by measuring the content of uronic acids against a standard with the carbazole method (Bitter and Muir Anal. Biochem. 39, 88-92-1971) is 90%.
• step (a) One gram of product obtained in step (a) is depolymerized by the degradation method with nitrous acid and subsequent reduction of the aldehyde which forms.
• the operation is conducted by dissolving the product in 25 ml of distilled water and adding it with 230 mg of sodium nitrite dissolved in 115 ml of distilled water.
• the solution is then brought to 4°C and the pH to 2 with 0.1 N HC1 and maintained for 30 minutes.
• the solution is brought to room temperature and the pH to 7 with 0.1 M NaOH.
• the solution is then added with 450 mg. of NaBH 4 and left to react for 4 hours.
• the product is recovered by precipitation with 3 volumes of acetone at 4°C, filtration with filtering funnel and dried at 40° C in a vacuum oven to give 900 mg of depolymerized-LMW-epiK5-N-sulfate with a molecular weight distribution measured with HPLC method which ranges from 1,000 to 4,000 and with a glucuronic unit content of 45%) and an iduronic unit content of 55%.
• tetrabutylammonium salt of the starting depolymerized-LMW-epiK5-N-sulfate are obtained.
• the tetrabutylammonium salt thus obtained is dissolved in 158 ml of dimethyl formamide, then 28.8 g of pyridine.
• SO 3 dissolved in 158 ml of DMF are added and the reaction mixture is kept at 45 °C for 18 hours.
• a volume of 316 ml water are added to stop the reaction and the pH is brought to 7 with 30% NaOH.
• the depolymerized-LMW-epiK5-amine-O-oversulfate is recovered by precipitation with 3 volumes of acetone saturated with NaCl (1.896 liters) and subsequent diafiltration on Milhpore TFF 1,000 D membrane until elimination of the salts.
• the solution containing the depolymerized-LMW-epiK5-amine-O-oversulfate obtained in (a) is passed onto a ion exchange resin JR 120 H + at room temperature and the pH is brought to 6.7 with pyridine. The solution is then frozen and submitted to lyophilization.
• the pyridine salt (10.73 g) thus obtained is dissolved in a solution containing 97 ml dimethyl sulfoxide and 11 ml methanol.
• the pyridine salt of the depolymerized-LMW-epiK5-amine-O-oversulfate is added when the solvent is thermostated at 65°.
• the reaction beginning is considered when the solvent is at 65°C and, starting from this moment, the reaction mixture is maintained at this temperature for 2 hours and a half (in a preparation the pH at the end was 2.24).
• the reaction mixture is cooled by using icewater to reach about 30°C, then 4.5 ml water are added.
• the sample is recovered by percolating 5 volumes of acetone into the solution and the precipitate which forms is recovered by filtration on guch G4.
• the cake is then washed with acetone and then dissolved in water again.
• the pH is brought to 7.5 with 2 N NaOH.
• the 300 MHz 13 C-NMR spectrum of the depolymerized-LMW-K5-amine-O-sulfate thus obtained is shown in Figure 1.
• the depolymerized-LMW-epiK5-amine-O-sulfate obtained at the end of step (c) is dissolved in 500 ml water and 12.8 g of sodium carbonate dissolved in 500 ml water are then added to the solution.
• the pH of the solution after the addition of the carbonate is 10.51.
• 12.8 g of solid pyridine.SO 3 are added thereinto, portionwise and in 4 hours, h a preparation the final pH of the solution was 7.2.
• the sample is diafiltered in the presence of NaCl and then with water.
• Example 2 By operating as described in Example 1, by submitting the depolymerized-LMW- K5-N-sulfate with a mean molecular weight of 5,000 obtained in PREPARATION II to an O-oversulfation as in (a), treating the pyridine salt of the LMW-epiK5-amine-O-oversulfate thus obtained with a mixture DMSO/methanol about 9/1 at 70°C for 150 minutes as in (b), treating the tetrabutylammonium salt of the partially O-desulfated product thus obtained with pyridine.SO 3 at 0°C for 90 minutes as in (c), and finally treating the 6-O-resulfated product first with sodium carbonate and then with pyridine.SO as in (d), there is obtained a depolymerized-LMW-epiK5-N,O-sulfate having a mean molecular weight of 5,000, a sulfation degree of 2.8 and a content of 95-100% in N-

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