WO2005045379A1 - 火炎検知方法および火炎検知装置 - Google Patents
火炎検知方法および火炎検知装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2005045379A1 WO2005045379A1 PCT/JP2004/016405 JP2004016405W WO2005045379A1 WO 2005045379 A1 WO2005045379 A1 WO 2005045379A1 JP 2004016405 W JP2004016405 W JP 2004016405W WO 2005045379 A1 WO2005045379 A1 WO 2005045379A1
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- flame
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- self
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
- F23N5/02—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium
- F23N5/08—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using light-sensitive elements
- F23N5/082—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using light-sensitive elements using electronic means
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N2229/00—Flame sensors
- F23N2229/04—Flame sensors sensitive to the colour of flames
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a flame detection method and a flame detection device suitable for detecting a state of a flame due to combustion, particularly a flame due to lean combustion.
- each component such as NO, OH, and CH in a flame be accurately detected using a plurality of types of ultraviolet detectors having mutually different detection wavelength ranges.
- a detection method is described in, for example, a Japanese patent application (Patent Document 2) whose patent application publication number is Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2003-322562.
- FIG. 1 In an ultraviolet detecting device as disclosed in Patent Document 2 described above, for example, FIG.
- the present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and a purpose thereof is to focus on a self-luminous characteristic of a flame in an ultraviolet region and to easily detect a state of the flame. It is to provide a method. [0006] It is still another object of the present invention to provide a flame detection method capable of detecting a state of a flame by effectively using an ultraviolet detector having a relatively narrow detection wavelength region.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a flame detection device having a simple configuration suitable for detecting the state of flame due to combustion, particularly the state of flame due to lean combustion.
- the flame detection method provides a method for detecting a ratio of two peak intensities and a local equivalent in a self-luminous component of a flame, for example, a self-emission spectrum in an ultraviolet region from OH radicals. It focuses on the relationship with the combustion characteristics such as the ratio, and the self-luminous component power of the flame due to combustion, especially the flame due to lean combustion.
- the emission intensity ratio which is the mutual ratio of the self-emission intensities of the wavelengths, is determined, and at least the relationship between the emission intensity ratio and the flame temperature, and the relationship between the emission intensity ratio and the air ratio of the air-fuel mixture used for the lean combustion are determined. It is characterized by detecting the state of the flame based on one of them!
- the self-luminous intensity is measured by measuring a self-luminous spectrum from a specific radical species accompanying an electron transition from an excited state to a ground state due to the lean burn. It is characterized by performing.
- the OH band spectrum of the electronic transition A 2 A + ⁇ ⁇ 2 ⁇ ⁇ is measured, and OH (2,0) around 260 nm, OH (1,0) around 28 Onm, and 287 nm around 287 nm
- the flame state detection is performed by calculating the self-luminous intensity ratio of ⁇ (2,1) and OH (0,0) near the wavelength of 306 nm.
- the flame state is detected by focusing on the OH band spectrum having a wavelength of about 310 nm or less.
- the flame detection method employs such a flame self-luminous switch. Focusing on the relationship between the wavelength component that forms the peak in the vector and its emission intensity, and detecting the flame state, especially in lean burn, from the relationship between the emission intensity ratio of at least two peaks and the flame temperature or air ratio Is what you do.
- the flame detection device includes an ultraviolet detector that detects a plurality of self-luminous intensities of the same radical species having different wavelengths from the self-luminous components of the flame due to combustion, and the ultraviolet detector.
- the spontaneous emission intensity of each wavelength is obtained, and at least one of the relationship between the mutual ratio of the spontaneous emission intensity and the flame temperature and the relationship between the ratio and the air ratio of the air-fuel mixture used in the combustion is obtained.
- a processing device for detecting the state of the flame based on the flame.
- the self-luminous components in the lean burn flame are focused on a plurality of self-luminous intensities of the same radical species, specifically, a self-luminous spectrum in the ultraviolet region of the OH radical force.
- a self-luminous spectrum in the ultraviolet region of the OH radical force For example, simply using an ultraviolet detector that detects the wavelength range of 250 to 450 nm, preferably an ultraviolet detector that detects the wavelength range of 250 to 350 nm, can easily determine the flame state of combustion, especially for lean combustion. Flames can be detected.
- the intensity of self-emission in the above-mentioned wavelength range in the flame is generally higher than the radiation intensity from the wall of the combustion furnace, it is possible to detect the OH band spectrum component having a wavelength of about 310 nm or less as described above.
- the presence / absence of a flame, and finally the state of the flame can be reliably detected without being largely affected by the combustion furnace wall, which is the background upon flame detection.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of a lean burn device and a flame detection device used in a flame detection method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of an ultraviolet detector used for flame detection.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a configuration example of a drive circuit of an ultraviolet detector.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of a self-luminous spot of OH radicals of a flame detected by the flame detector according to the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a relationship between a light emission intensity ratio R, an air ratio, and a flame temperature.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a relationship between radiant energy of a furnace wall and temperature.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a self-emission spectrum of a flame.
- FIG. 1 is a simplified diagram showing a schematic configuration of a lean burn device in which the method of the present invention is carried out and a flame detecting device incorporated in the lean burn device.
- Reference numeral 1 denotes a combustion furnace.
- the combustion furnace for example around enclosure with heat bricks, ceramic fiber or the like, a combustion furnace volume as 2.5 8 X 10- 3 m 3, that of a rectangular type in which a 100 X 100 mm of the exhaust port on the top in the combustion chamber heat load of that it is set to 1.16 X 10 3 kWZm 3.
- the burner 2 provided in the combustion furnace 1 is of a wall recess type having an inner diameter of 40 mm and a height of 60 mm.
- a fuel for example, propane gas
- air are mixed and supplied to the burner 2 at an air ratio of, for example, 0.8 to 1.4 in a mixer 3 provided immediately before the burner.
- Mixer 3 is supplied with fuel from fuel tank F via metering device VI, pressure gauge P1 and flow meter Ml, and is supplied with air via blower B force metering device V2 and flow meter M2.
- in-furnace observation windows 4a and 4b in which quartz glass is fitted at height positions of 65 mm and 130 mm, respectively.
- the light of the flame which emits light by the combustion in the combustion furnace 1 and which can be visually recognized from the in-furnace observation windows 4a and 4b is guided to the monochromator 5 (spectroscope) via the optical fiber 6.
- the monochromator 5 is provided with a diffraction grating for extracting a desired wavelength component of neutral light having various wavelength components, and a predetermined wavelength range selected according to an angle formed between the diffraction grating and the incident light. Is configured to be detected by a light receiving element such as a CCD.
- Such a monochromator 5 receives and detects the self-emission due to the flame of the fuel leanly burned by the parner 2, and converts a voltage (or current) corresponding to the received light intensity.
- the electric signal (ultraviolet light intensity) detected in this way is taken into the computer (PC) 8 via the AZD converter 7 and the emission intensity ratio between peak wavelengths is determined as described later. The relationship with the ratio is investigated, and the presence or absence of the flame and its state are detected.
- a filter capable of detecting a wavelength range of 250 to 450 nm is used as the filter (diffraction grating) in the monochromator 5, the OH band spectrum can be confirmed for detecting the flame state. Data in the wavelength range of 250-350nm is adopted. Also computer 8 The input signal to the input signal contains noise caused by the fluctuation of the flame and the dark current of the monochromator 5, so the signal is smoothed by using the ensemble average and the moving average of the input signal (output signal of the monochromator 5). And this is used as a detection signal.
- Fig. 5 When the relationship with the air ratio or the flame temperature was examined for an air flow rate of 90 LZmin or less, the relationship shown in Fig. 5 was obtained.
- Fig. 5 the ratio of the emission intensity of OH (0,0) near the wavelength 306 nm of the R260 (expr) force to the emission intensity of OH (2,0) near the wavelength of 260 nm is shown, and the R280 (expr) force near the wavelength of 306 nm is shown. It shows the ratio between the emission intensity of OH (0,0) and the emission intensity of OH (1,0) near a wavelength of 280 nm. At this flow rate, the flame was stably present inside the recess spanner 2.
- the emissivity of the furnace wall of the combustion furnace 1 varies depending on its material and surface condition, but it can be regarded as approximately 1.0 in firebricks such as alumina. Also, as the furnace wall becomes hotter, the radiant energy of any wavelength rises almost uniformly as the temperature rises, as shown in Fig. 6, for example. By the way, the energy of the non-luminous flame is about lOWZm 2 at the maximum, and at the wavelength corresponding to CH (around 315 nm, 390 nm, and 430 nm), it is easily affected by the emissivity of the furnace wall. When the temperature exceeds 1600K, the SZN ratio approaches 1, so that light from the flame (visible wavelength range) becomes almost invisible. Therefore, dilution from the wavelength corresponding to CH It is difficult to detect a flame. Therefore, flame detection at a wavelength that does not depend on the furnace wall is required.
- the spontaneous emission wavelength of this species is 431.4 nm, which is relatively long, making it unsuitable for detecting diluted flames, which is suitable for visual inspection.
- OH exists not only in the flame but also in the burned high-temperature gas. Therefore, caution is required for detection in the flame reaction zone.
- the wavelength of self-emission of OH 306.4 nm, is the highest in the flame reaction zone compared to the emission in burned gas, and is strong enough to ignore the emission from the downstream flame zone. It should be noted that although the intensity is lower than that of OH, it is shorter than 260 ⁇ m, and it is also possible to use the emission of NO, depending on the wavelength, or even NO.
- the ratio to 306 281 Zl 306 depends only on temperature, and the higher the temperature, the greater the intensity ratio.
- the curve shown by the broken line is ⁇ ( ⁇ , ⁇ ), where ⁇ ( ⁇ , ⁇ ) is the single-color emission performance of the black body of Planck.
- R260 (calc) is the calculated value of the emission intensity ratio for OH (2,0) around wavelength 260nm
- R280 (calc) is the calculated value of OH (1,0) around wavelength 280nm.
- the calculated values of the emission intensity ratios are shown below.
- the gas temperature measurement using a thermocouple was too powerful to obtain a correct value due to the effect of the wall surface, etc., so the calculation was performed using the adiabatic flame temperature by thermochemical equilibrium calculation.
- the emission intensity ratio hardly changes under the rich condition of a small air ratio, but when the self-emission intensity ratio R is focused on a flame temperature as high as 1500-1900 ° C, the value is 0.20-0. .
- the force is sufficiently strong compared to the radiation intensity of the furnace wall, which is the background of spontaneous emission detection. Therefore, for example, by focusing on self-emission with a wavelength shorter than about 310 nm, and preferably focusing on self-emission with a wavelength shorter than 306 nm, it is clear that the method can be sufficiently used for detecting the state of a flame in dilution combustion. Was.
- a discharge tube type ultraviolet detector 9 as disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication No. 44-1039 is used. A plurality of them can be used in combination. As shown in FIG. 2, the ultraviolet detector 9 is provided with a mesh-like anode (anode) 9a and a cathode (force sword) 9b at predetermined intervals in a glass tube that transmits ultraviolet light, and also performs Bening mixing. Gas is sealed.
- the wavelength that can be detected by this type of discharge tube type ultraviolet detector 9 is determined mainly by the material of the cathode 9b. That is, ultraviolet rays having a wavelength shorter than the wavelength defined by the work function of the material of the cathode 9b are detected.
- the detection wavelength band it is configured such that the detection light hits the cathode 9b after passing through a predetermined optical bandpass filter.
- a drive circuit of the ultraviolet detector 9 for example, a circuit disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication No. 47-7878 can be used.
- the ultraviolet detector 9 is driven by applying an AC voltage of about 300 V through a drive circuit configured as shown in FIG. 3, for example. Then, the ultraviolet ray detector 9 generates a discharge current between the anode (anode) 9a and the cathode (force sword) 9b only when the ultraviolet ray having a specific wavelength or more is irradiated.
- the discharge current causes a voltage drop in the resistor RL, and the voltage decreases in cooperation with the capacitor C connected in parallel to the resistor RL. Or generate current.
- this type of discharge tube type ultraviolet detector 9 cannot generally obtain a current output according to the intensity of ultraviolet light. Since the probability of discharge occurring in the ultraviolet detector increases as the intensity of the ultraviolet light increases, it is possible to obtain a relative output signal corresponding to the intensity of the ultraviolet light, for example, by measuring the discharge time.
- the above-mentioned ultraviolet detector 9 cannot normally detect a specific wavelength and force, but the self-emission spectrum in the ultraviolet region from OH radicals If two ultraviolet detectors 9 having the same detection wavelength as those of the monochromator 5 are used, the device can be configured at a lower cost than the monochromator 5. For example, one of the ultraviolet detectors 9 that detects the intensity of OH radical emission around a wavelength of 306 nm is used, and the other ultraviolet detector 9 is one that detects the intensity of OH radical emission around a wavelength of 280 nm. Good. By calculating the emission intensity ratio of the two wavelengths from the detection results from these two ultraviolet detectors 9, it is possible to determine the relationship between the emission intensity ratio and the flame temperature or air ratio as described above. .
- one ultraviolet detector 9 it is possible to change the detection wavelength of one ultraviolet detector 9 although it is a special use.
- an ultraviolet detector 9 that can detect both wavelengths of 306 nm and 280 nm (for example, using silver as the material of the cathode 9b)
- the sensitivity to the wavelength of 306nm increases when a high voltage is applied, and the wavelength decreases when the applied voltage is reduced.
- a phenomenon occurs in which the sensitivity to 306 nm decreases.
- one ultraviolet detector 9 can be used for detecting ultraviolet rays having two different wavelengths.
- each luminous intensity is detected for each single radical luminescence having a peak at a specific wavelength using the ultraviolet detector 9 having a narrow detection wavelength band.
- an ultraviolet detector 9 having a relatively wide detection wavelength band is used. Considering that ultraviolet light with a wavelength of 200 nm or less is attenuated in the atmosphere and cannot be detected, for example, an ultraviolet detector 9 with a carbon cathode 9b is an ultraviolet detector with a copper cathode 9b of about 200-280 nm.
- the UV detector 9 has a silver electrode 9b of about 200-300nm. Each can be detected.
- the ultraviolet detector 9 with the carbon cathode 9b detects ultraviolet light in the dominant wavelength band of the radical emission OH (2,0) having a peak at a wavelength of 260 nm (at around the limit wavelength 280 nm of the carbon cathode 9b). Radical emission having a peak at 280 nm does not have a dominant effect due to reduced sensitivity.)
- the ultraviolet detector 9 having the copper cathode 9b detects ultraviolet light in a wavelength band in which radical light emission (1,0) having a peak at a wavelength of 280 nm is dominant.
- An ultraviolet detector 9 having a silver cathode 9b detects ultraviolet light in a wavelength band in which radical light emission OH (0, 0) having a peak at a wavelength of 306 nm is dominant. Therefore, as an alternative value of the above-mentioned emission intensity ratio R260, (detected value of the ultraviolet detector 9 having the carbon cathode 9b) / (detected value of the ultraviolet detector 9 having the silver cathode 9b) is adopted. As an alternative value of the emission intensity ratio R280, (detected value of the UV detector 9 having the copper cathode 9b) / (detected value of the UV detector 9 having the silver cathode 9b) can be adopted.
- the ultraviolet detector 9 having the copper cathode 9b may detect the radical OH (2, 1) having a peak at a wavelength of 287 nm together with the radical OH (1, 0) having a peak at a wavelength of 280 nm.
- measurement is performed by changing the applied voltage to the ultraviolet detector 9 to change the sensitivity to the wavelength as described above, and the calculation of the measurement data affects the detected value due to unnecessary radical emission. Can be reduced.
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Investigating, Analyzing Materials By Fluorescence Or Luminescence (AREA)
- Photometry And Measurement Of Optical Pulse Characteristics (AREA)
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Priority Applications (2)
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JP2005515310A JP4274179B2 (ja) | 2003-11-05 | 2004-11-05 | 火炎検知方法および火炎検知装置 |
CN2004800117433A CN1781014B (zh) | 2003-11-05 | 2004-11-05 | 火焰检测方法及火焰检测装置 |
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JP2003376177 | 2003-11-05 | ||
JP2003-376177 | 2003-11-05 |
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WO2005045379A1 true WO2005045379A1 (ja) | 2005-05-19 |
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WO2009080094A1 (en) * | 2007-12-19 | 2009-07-02 | Abb Research Ltd | Flame scanning device and method for its operation |
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US20200082693A1 (en) * | 2018-09-11 | 2020-03-12 | Rohm Co., Ltd. | Ultraviolet detector and fire alarm |
US11011039B2 (en) * | 2018-09-11 | 2021-05-18 | Rohm Co., Ltd. | Ultraviolet detector and fire alarm |
JP7443115B2 (ja) | 2019-03-26 | 2024-03-05 | レール・リキード-ソシエテ・アノニム・プール・レテュード・エ・レクスプロワタシオン・デ・プロセデ・ジョルジュ・クロード | 燃焼プロセスおよびそれを実施するためのバーナー |
JP7232104B2 (ja) | 2019-03-29 | 2023-03-02 | アズビル株式会社 | 火炎検出システムおよび故障診断方法 |
JP2020165831A (ja) * | 2019-03-29 | 2020-10-08 | アズビル株式会社 | 火炎検出システムおよび故障診断方法 |
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JP2022079168A (ja) * | 2020-11-16 | 2022-05-26 | 東京瓦斯株式会社 | 空気比調整方法、空気比調整システム及びプログラム |
JP2022079171A (ja) * | 2020-11-16 | 2022-05-26 | 東京瓦斯株式会社 | 空気比推定システム、空気比推定方法及びプログラム |
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CN1781014B (zh) | 2011-04-13 |
JPWO2005045379A1 (ja) | 2007-11-29 |
CN1781014A (zh) | 2006-05-31 |
JP4274179B2 (ja) | 2009-06-03 |
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