WO2005045063A1 - 細胞及び組織の損傷を評価する方法及びその測定装置 - Google Patents
細胞及び組織の損傷を評価する方法及びその測定装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2005045063A1 WO2005045063A1 PCT/JP2004/016397 JP2004016397W WO2005045063A1 WO 2005045063 A1 WO2005045063 A1 WO 2005045063A1 JP 2004016397 W JP2004016397 W JP 2004016397W WO 2005045063 A1 WO2005045063 A1 WO 2005045063A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M41/00—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation
- C12M41/46—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation of cellular or enzymatic activity or functionality, e.g. cell viability
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/5005—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving human or animal cells
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/5005—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving human or animal cells
- G01N33/5008—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving human or animal cells for testing or evaluating the effect of chemical or biological compounds, e.g. drugs, cosmetics
- G01N33/5082—Supracellular entities, e.g. tissue, organisms
- G01N33/5088—Supracellular entities, e.g. tissue, organisms of vertebrates
Definitions
- the present invention automatically measures the electrical resistance value of cells and tissues without taking them out of the culture device by culturing the cells and tissues in a culture vessel equipped with electrodes in advance.
- the present invention relates to a method for measuring and evaluating and a measuring device therefor.
- Living organisms have the ability to restore the original state by preventing the internal environment from being modulated by fluctuations or stimuli in the external environment, and by adjusting individual responses even when the internal environment is modulated. are doing. In general, this function is called homeostasis (homeostasis), and life activity is always maintained normally by this function.
- homeostasis homeostasis
- epithelial tissue is a tissue that is in direct contact with the external environment and is constantly exposed to invasion by foreign substances, contaminants, or microorganisms in the environment. is there.
- vascular endothelial tissue it is necessary to always maintain an appropriate amount of fluid in the tissue so that edema of surrounding tissues is not unnecessarily increased due to increased fluid permeability even in pathological conditions such as infection and inflammation. It has been demanded.
- tissue homeostasis is only possible when cells are tightly bound together to form a barrier to the external environment and body fluids.
- tissue forces in the body that form an internal environment different from that of the surrounding tissues due to intercellular connections. Even in such tissues, if the intercellular junctions are weakened and the barrier by tight junctions is broken, maintenance of the internal environment and eventually tissue homeostasis will be impaired.
- cell-cell junctions include "cell adherence junction" in which cadherin molecules mediate and mechanically connect both cells, and the like.
- Tight junctions do not have the function of mechanically strengthening cell-cell junctions, unlike cell-cell adhesion junctions. Rather, it largely depends on the presence or absence of intercellular tight junctions.
- adhesion between cells does not play a role as a barrier to the penetration of small molecules like tight junctions.
- Cell-cell binding is based on the type of extracellular matrix that cells adhere to at the basal plane, and the basal plane-localized molecules acting on the cell-matrix junction (ceU-matrix junction). Integrin, syndecan, etc., are affected by the type of adhesion molecules. In other words, on extracellular matrices other than the basement membrane, such as type I collagen fibronectin, actin fibers that form the cytoskeleton are used as receptors for binding to the extracellular matrix, and are tightly bound to most integrin molecules. It accumulates like thick rod-shaped fibers (stress fibers) inside the basal plane.
- actin fibers naturally bind to cadherin molecules and accumulate in the form of a belt on the inner surface of cells (actin belt), thereby mechanically strengthening the cell-cell binding by cadherin molecules.
- actin belt When it is associated with actin fibril force S integrin and accumulates on the basolateral side, it should accumulate The location, the actin belt structure of the answer formed behind the cadherin molecule, becomes dilute. As a result, the intercellular junctions are mechanically weakened, and the tight junctions are also affected, resulting in a structure that is susceptible to fragile external stimuli (see A in Figure 1).
- syndecan which has affinity for laminin, a component of the basement membrane, is used as a receptor, and actin fibers are slightly integrin molecules. Does not connect with Rather, they form actin belts by binding to cadherin molecules, the original binding partners, and mechanically strengthen intercellular junctions. As a result of the normal formation of adjacent cell adhesions, tight junctions are also believed to be more stable and strong V to external stimuli (see FIG. 1B).
- Electric resistance is generated between the upper surface side and the basal surface side of the epithelial cells or endothelial cells.
- a cell is an electrical non-conductor that is essentially surrounded by a lipid bilayer membrane due to its selective permeability through receptors localized on the cell surface. Therefore, if there is no abnormality or damage in the tight connection, a high electric resistance is generated between the upper surface side and the base surface side. Therefore, by monitoring the electric resistance value, it is possible to determine the force at which the tight junction is working normally and, consequently, the homeostasis of the tissue internal environment.
- test substance added to the culture solution of the epithelial tissue model and measuring the electric resistance between the upper surface side and the basal plane side of the epithelial cells. It describes the possibility of testing (for example, JP-A-2003-169847, Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 133: 875-81 (1986) and Exp. Lung Res. 16: 561-). 575 (1990)).
- a millicell ERS resistance value measuring device manufactured by Millipore
- Millipore a millicell ERS resistance value measuring device
- the cells being cultured are placed in a CO incubator.
- the cultured cells are exposed to 5% CO atmospheric environmental power of about 0% CO by this movement, and the C cells dissolved in the medium are exposed.
- the electrode is connected to the upper surface side (apical surface) of the tissue (the reference numeral 42 in FIG. 2 (the same applies in the following description)) and the upper space (22). (Including the basal surface (43), extracellular matrix (43 and the area surrounded by 43 and 41), and the lower space (23))
- a method for assessing tissue damage which comprises measuring the electrical resistance value of a cultured tissue in a cultured incubator; The evaluation method described in (1), which is a cultured tissue containing the extracellular matrix adhered in 43), or the evaluation method described in (1), which is a cultured tissue, an artificial tissue or an artificial organ described in (2).
- the epithelial cells are epidermal cells, corneal epithelial cells, alveolar epithelial cells, digestive mucosal epidermal cells, renal spheroid epithelial cells, or hepatic parenchymal cells; 8) The evaluation method according to (6), wherein the endothelial cells are kidney glomerular hair cells, vascular endothelial cells, pulmonary artery vascular endothelial cells, placental vein vascular endothelial cells, or aortic vascular endothelial cells, (1) The present invention relates to the evaluation method described in any one of (1)-(8) above, which is a petri dish or a flask.
- the present invention further provides (11) an apparatus for measuring tissue damage characterized by being an electrode, an electric resistance measuring instrument, and a program control device installed in an incubator;
- the distance to the top surface is 1 m to 20 mm.
- the measurement device described in (13) or (15) The electrode installed on the basal surface of the cultured tissue touches the bottom surface (41) of the cultured tissue.
- the base surface (43) is installed so as not to contact it.
- the measuring device according to any one of (14) and (16) installed on the basal surface side of the cultured tissue.
- the electrode force is 0 to 20 mm from the bottom surface of the cultured tissue.
- the measuring device described in (15) or (17) the electric resistance measuring instrument can program the method of measuring and accumulating electric resistance, It relates to the measurement device described in any of (11)-(15), which is a data port logger that has the function of transferring measured values to a computer (PC) or personal digital assistant (PDA) when necessary.
- PC computer
- PDA personal digital assistant
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the effect of cell-substrate binding on tight junctions and cell-cell interactions. is there.
- A is the case where the extracellular matrix is other than basement membrane such as collagen and fibronectin, B is
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of the cell damage automatic measurement device of the present invention.
- the upper part shows the overall appearance, and the lower part shows the culture dish with electrodes.
- [4] A schematic diagram of the alveoli (A) and a diagram showing the generation of reactive oxygen species in the process of killing alveolar macrophages (B).
- FIG. 6 is a graph showing the damage of alveolar epithelial cells by super 1-year-old oxide generated by stimulating alveolar macrophages with microorganism-derived endotoxin.
- the tissue used in the evaluation of the present invention may be a cell layer formed by cell culture, or any tissue containing a cell layer and an extracellular matrix adhered on the basal plane of the cell layer.
- a cultured tissue such as an artificial tissue of human or the like or an artificial organ is used, for example, an artificial epidermal tissue, an artificial corneal epithelial tissue, an artificial alveolar epithelial tissue, an artificial airway epithelial tissue, or an artificial airway epithelial tissue.
- Artificial tissue such as renal glomerular tissue, artificial liver parenchymal tissue or artificial vascular endothelial tissue
- tissues and artificial organs such as artificial blood vessels, artificial lungs, artificial livers, artificial kidneys, artificial skins, and artificial corneas.
- epithelial tissue and endothelial tissue are preferably used for regenerative medicine, which has recently attracted attention.
- the cells used for cell culture include, for example, epithelial cells or endothelial cells
- the epithelial cells include, for example, epidermal cells, corneal epithelial cells, alveolar epithelial cells, Gastrointestinal mucosal epithelial cells, renal glomerular epithelial cells or liver parenchymal cells, etc.
- endothelial cells include, for example, renal glomerular hair cells, vascular endothelial cells, pulmonary artery vascular endothelial cells, placental vein vascular endothelial cells or Aortic vascular endothelial cells and the like can be more specifically exemplified.
- epithelial cells and endothelial cells can be used alone or in co-culture with other cells.
- mesenchymal cells can co-culture with epithelial cells or endothelial cells to reduce epithelial or endothelial tissue in culture. It can be closer to a tissue in a living body.
- mesenchymal cells include fibroblasts, muscle cells, adipocytes, glial cells, Schwann cells, and nerve cells (neurons).
- the extracellular matrix used for tissue formation was smeared with laminin, a component of basement membrane, type IV collagen and matrigel, type I collagen, fibronectin, and vitronectin-fibrin, which are components of mesenchyme. Examples include a sample, a collagen or fibrin sample formed with fibers, and the like.
- the basement membrane structure formed by epithelial cells and endothelial cells can be used as a culture substrate (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2003-169846).
- a conjugate obtained by binding a cell adhesion peptide to a polymer having an affinity for a culture matrix can also be used.
- the tissue composed of a cell layer used for the evaluation may be any tissue composed of any cell layer, such as one in which cells are seeded and cultured directly on an incubator or on a sheet-like membrane such as plastic. May be.
- Epithelial cells, endothelial cells, and the like are seeded and cultured on a culture substrate coated with a compound to which a peptide-bound compound is applied, and a tissue in which extracellular matrix such as a basement membrane component is accumulated immediately below the cells can be mentioned.
- Examples of the incubator used in the present invention include a culture dish (well), a Petri dish, a flask, and the like.
- the culture dish is preferably used in order to efficiently evaluate a large number of tissue damages.
- the evaluation of tissue damage is performed by culturing target cells in an incubator in which electrodes are placed in advance so that the electrodes are attached to the upper surface side and the basal surface side of the tissue. This can be done by measuring the electric resistance value. In addition, the measurement of the electric resistance value is performed in a state where the cultured cells are allowed to stand still in the culture apparatus without interrupting the culture or changing the culture conditions, and during the cell culture or after the completion of the culture, etc. This can be done continuously and as needed.
- cells are electrical nonconductors surrounded by a lipid bilayer membrane. Therefore, high electrical resistance is generated between the upper surface and the basal surface of a tissue, which is a group of cells, unless the tight junction is abnormal or damaged. If any damage occurs to the tissue, the electrical resistance will decrease. By monitoring this electric resistance value, the homeostasis of the environment inside the cultured tissue can be determined. Therefore, the evaluation method of the present invention can be used for various purposes such as a toxicity test of a substance, a side effect test of a drug, quality control of an artificial tissue, and the like.
- Target cells for drugs are epithelial and endothelial tissues (skin, cornea, mucosal tissues, respiratory organs, circulatory system) rather than stromal cells (muscle tissue, bone tissue, fibroblasts, mesenchymal cells, etc.). , Digestive organs, liver, kidney, bladder, and other cells). Tight junctions are a necessary structure for these cells to work properly. Decreasing electrical resistance is a simple and good method to examine general cytotoxicity.
- an artificial tissue In the quality control of an artificial tissue, it can be a general quality control method as an organization to be satisfied by the constructed artificial tissue.
- Fig. 2 shows a conceptual diagram of the measuring device of the present invention
- Fig. 3 shows an example of the measuring device.
- the electrode (10) installed on the incubator (20) is such that one of the electrodes (10A) is in contact with the bottom of the incubator and is not in contact with the bottom (41) of the cultured tissue. Place the other (10B) so that it does not contact the upper surface of the cultured tissue.
- the shape of the electrode is not particularly limited, but the electrode (10A) has a tip located near the center of the culture dish and has a flat plate shape.
- the electrode (10B) is located at the center of the culture dish and has a cylindrical shape or tip. Disc-shaped ones are preferred.
- the bottom surface of the cultured tissue (40) must be measured. 41) is in contact with the electrode (10A) of the incubator, at a distance of 0-20 mm.
- the upper surface of the cultured tissue (42) is not in contact with the tip of the electrode (10B), and is 1 ⁇ m-20 mm. It is preferred that In this case, the thickness of the extracellular matrix (the area surrounded by 43 and 43 and 41) is about 1 ⁇ m It is about the thickness (: m-lmm).
- the distance between the electrode (10A) and the bottom of the tissue (41) approaches 0 m, and finally, the base of the tissue (43) and the electrode (10A) ) Should be about 1 ⁇ m-20 mm in the same way as the top side.
- the electrode (10) can measure the electric resistance of the cultured tissue (40) by connecting to the electric resistance measuring device (30).
- any device having a function capable of programming the measurement and accumulation of the electric resistance value and transferring it to a computer (PC) or a personal digital assistant (PDA) when necessary can be used.
- a measuring instrument may be used, for example, a data port gir (Model CR10X manufactured by Campbell Scientific Inc.) can be used.
- the electrode (10) and the electric resistance measuring device (30) may be connected by a normal lead wire, but there are a plurality of incubators, or a plurality of reaction vessels like a culture dish. As shown in Fig. 3, operability is improved if multiple lead wires are bundled and connected to the data port logger via a connector.
- the data port logger one that can install and control a driving program on a PC is used.
- the data port logger and the PC can be connected by either a wired or wireless connection.
- an RS232C cable can be used.
- the incubator is always a culture device such as a CO incubator.
- Measurement can be performed while standing still in the chamber, repeated measurement of the electric resistance value in seconds by repeating the operation of flowing a pulse current for an extremely short time, and measuring multiple incubators under the same conditions It has the features that it can be performed and that the measured values are automatically and real-time displayed on the display by program-controlling the operation of the data porter with a personal computer.
- the alveolar epithelial cells cannot defend themselves against oxidative stress and maintain their integrity as epithelial tissue (nobleness, integrity, and integrity), their tissue homeostasis Sex goes to collapse.
- active oxygen is artificially generated in the alveolar epithelial cell culture system, and cytotoxicity depends on the extracellular matrix. The difference in the degree of receiving is described in the following examples. The evaluation of cell damage was performed by the evaluation method of the present invention using the measuring device of the present invention.
- DMEM medium containing 10% FBS, 0.2 mM ascorbic acid-2-phosphate (Asc-P), and 0.25 ng Zml amphotericin B (Am-B) on a plastic membrane with a large number of 3 m-diameter holes. 5.
- OxlO 4 cells suspended in the suspension were directly inoculated with 0.5 ml of alveolar epithelial cells.
- the culture was continued for another 3 days with the FBS concentration changed to 1%, and it was confirmed that the alveolar epithelial cells became confluent on the plastic membrane. Therefore, only the culture insert dishes inside the culture (22), 0.
- alveolar epithelial cells were stimulated with active oxygen under conditions closer to the living body rather than artificially generating active oxygen by an enzymatic reaction.
- alveolar macrophages were stimulated with endotoxin (endotoxin) produced by microorganisms that invade the alveoli to generate superoxide, one of the active oxygen species.
- T2 In a single culture of alveolar epithelial cells, the cells were seeded according to the method of Example 1 and cultured for one week.
- Collagen fiber matrix (fib) is prepared by pouring 70 ⁇ l of 0.3 mg Zml type I collagen solution onto a porous plastic membrane (3 ⁇ m in diameter) and allowing it to stand in a CO incubator.
- Fgel Lung fibroblasts were prepared by culturing in DMEM supplemented with 10% FBS. next, Fibroblasts 2. suspended in Type I collagen neutral solution of lmg / ml at a concentration of 5xl0 5 / ml, poured 140 1 to porous plastic film, and allowed to stand for 1 hour in a CO 2 incubator
- Fgel was prepared. After the preparation, the cells were cultured in a DMEM medium supplemented with 10% FBS, 0.2 mM Asc-P and 0.25 ng / ml Am-B for 3 days.
- T2-Fgel Alveolar epithelial cells were seeded on Fgel cultured for 3 days in the same manner as in single culture, and cultured at 1% FBS concentration for 1 week.
- T2-fib-Fcm Fgel was prepared on the bottom of the culture dish and cultured for 3 days. Next, alveolar epithelial cells were seeded on the fib prepared on the porous plastic membrane in the same manner as in the single culture, integrated with Fgel, and co-cultured for 1 week.
- the white (leftmost) mouth in the case of kamuri without AM
- the blue (second from left) mouth in the case of adding AM
- the yellow (second from right) b LA Pre-treated force AM not added
- red (right end) mouth Pre-treated with LA and AM added.
- endotoxin is ancillary! ]did.
- T2-Fgel in which alveolar epithelial cells are seeded on collagen gel (Fgel) in which cultured fibroblasts are embedded, or alveolar epithelial cells seeded on collagen fibrils (fib) are used for When co-cultured (T2-fib-Fcm) with collagen gel (Fgel) embedded with blast cells for 2 weeks, a basement membrane structure is formed immediately below alveolar epithelial cells (Cell Struct. Funct., 22: 603) -614, 2002) o
- actin fibers and molecules such as ZO-1 involved in tight junctions were well accumulated on the cell adhesion surface.
- actin fibers and molecules such as ZO-1 involved in tight junctions were well accumulated on the cell adhesion surface.
- the added alveolar macrophage was stimulated with endotoxin, it showed resistance to active oxygen regardless of the presence or absence of green leaf alcohol.
- the alveoli are tissues that perform gas exchange, and are constantly exposed to invasion of foreign substances.
- Alveolar macrophages play a role in removing such foreign substances, and are essential for maintaining the homeostasis of the alveoli (see Fig. 4).
- active oxygen and lysosomal-derived degrading enzymes produced during the process of removing foreign matter.
- our ancestors have identified the need for active oxygen by efficiently removing foreign substances from alveolar macrophages during evolution.
- the alveolar macrophage has approximately lZio of its ability to generate active oxygen, the monocyte that is its precursor cell.
- the green leaf alcohol exemplified here is one of volatile alcohols that evaporates from plants and is a natural chemical substance that is common in the atmosphere. For us, inhaling these substances is very common in the natural environment. However, it usually does not damage the alveoli of us or animals. From this viewpoint, when examining the results of the sensitivity of alveolar epithelial cells cultured on plastic membranes or collagen fibers to active oxygen, it is unnatural and irrational. On the other hand, the sensitivity of alveolar epithelial cells on the basement membrane structure is sufficiently suppressed, which is consistent with the in vivo situation.
- tissue culture the cultured tissue is damaged by pH, waste products produced during the culture, or oxidative damage due to active oxygen.
- the use of tissues created in vitro is increasing.
- the use of epithelial and endothelial tissues in regenerative medicine has attracted attention.
- the method of the present invention is used as an evaluation method for production control and quality control in the production of these tissues.
- toxicity of chemical substances using cultured tissue It can also be used for tests and pharmacological tests.
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JP2007176835A (ja) * | 2005-12-27 | 2007-07-12 | Pola Chem Ind Inc | 皮膚バリア機能を向上させるための皮膚外用剤とその製造法 |
JP2009294202A (ja) * | 2008-05-09 | 2009-12-17 | Pola Chem Ind Inc | タイトジャンクションの物質輸送への関与の鑑別法 |
JP2010082244A (ja) * | 2008-09-30 | 2010-04-15 | Panasonic Electric Works Co Ltd | 細胞活性度低減方法及びその装置 |
US20140045252A1 (en) * | 2011-04-28 | 2014-02-13 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Cell cultivation container and cell culturing apparatus |
CA2838335A1 (en) * | 2011-05-04 | 2012-11-08 | Dxupclose | Device and method for identifying microbes and counting microbes and determining antimicrobial sensitivity |
JP2015047086A (ja) * | 2013-08-30 | 2015-03-16 | 浜松ホトニクス株式会社 | 分子標的薬の皮膚系細胞に対する傷害性を定量評価する方法 |
KR101796143B1 (ko) * | 2016-01-27 | 2017-12-01 | 한양대학교 에리카산학협력단 | 통합형 세포 배양 및 노출 평가 장치 |
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MOCHITATE K. ET AL.: "Kankyo kagaku busshitsu ni tasuru bio effect sensor no kaihatsu", KOKURITSU KIKAN GENSHIRYOKU SHIKEN KENKYU SEIKA HOKOKUSHO, vol. 36, 1997, pages 76.1 - 76.4, XP002989319 * |
MOCHITATE K. ET AL.: "Kankyo kagaku gbusshitsu ni taisuru bio effect sensor no kaihatsu", KOKURITSU KIKAN GENSHIRYOKU SHIKEN KENKYU SEIKA HOKOKUSHO, vol. 40, 2001, pages 82.1 - 82.4, XP002989318 * |
MOCHITATE K.: "Collagen haiho johi saibo ni yoru kiteimaku no keisei", ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY, vol. 35, no. 3, 2000, pages 251 - 253, XP002989320 * |
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