WO2005038440A9 - 光ファイバセンサおよびそれを用いた測定装置 - Google Patents
光ファイバセンサおよびそれを用いた測定装置Info
- Publication number
- WO2005038440A9 WO2005038440A9 PCT/JP2004/015266 JP2004015266W WO2005038440A9 WO 2005038440 A9 WO2005038440 A9 WO 2005038440A9 JP 2004015266 W JP2004015266 W JP 2004015266W WO 2005038440 A9 WO2005038440 A9 WO 2005038440A9
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- optical fiber
- core
- light
- hetero
- core portion
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/41—Refractivity; Phase-affecting properties, e.g. optical path length
- G01N21/43—Refractivity; Phase-affecting properties, e.g. optical path length by measuring critical angle
- G01N21/431—Dip refractometers, e.g. using optical fibres
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/55—Specular reflectivity
- G01N21/552—Attenuated total reflection
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/75—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated
- G01N21/77—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated by observing the effect on a chemical indicator
- G01N21/7703—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated by observing the effect on a chemical indicator using reagent-clad optical fibres or optical waveguides
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a tip-type optical fiber sensor for detecting the state of the external world at the end of an optical fiber, and a measuring device using the same.
- optical fibers for the purpose of detecting a liquid, detecting the concentration of the liquid, and the like! /
- a hetero-core type optical fiber sensor in which a portion called a hetero-core portion having a different core diameter is fusion-bonded in the middle of the optical fiber is known.
- the hetero-core portion By providing the hetero-core portion, the interaction between light used for sensing and the outside of the sensor is more easily generated.
- Patent Document 1 discloses an example of a hetero-core type optical fiber sensor.
- Patent Document 1 a hetero-core portion is fusion-bonded to the tip of an optical fiber.
- the end of the hetero-core type optical fiber sensor with the hetero-core portion joined at the tip is connected to the optical fiber-side endoscope (OTDR).
- OTDR optical fiber-side endoscope
- Patent Document 1 JP-A-2002-350335 (FIG. 4)
- Non-Patent Document 1 Kasai, Protein, Nucleic Acid and Enzyme "biosensor utilizing the surface plasmon resonance (SPR)", Vol.37, No.l 5 (l 992 years) p 2977 - 298 4
- Patent Document 1 discloses a technique using backscattered light measured using OTDR. Only performing licensing is disclosed and suggested. For example, it is considered difficult to avoid the following disadvantages.
- OTDR is a device that amplifies weak backscattered light and uses it for measurement. Therefore, the OTDR is expensive, and if the OTDR is used, it is difficult to reduce the cost of the entire sensor system.
- weak backscattered light since weak backscattered light is used, it is necessary to make some precise settings, and it is hard to say that simple sensing is possible.
- backscattered light When backscattered light is used, it is necessary to distinguish between light due to Fresnel reflection and backscattered light, and it is difficult to directly and easily obtain a sensing result.
- An object of the present invention is to provide an optical fiber sensor capable of detecting an external situation more easily.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a measuring device which can more easily detect the situation of the outside world and measure predetermined characteristics by using the above-mentioned optical fiber sensor, and can be manufactured easily. To provide.
- An optical fiber sensor includes an optical fiber portion that transmits light, and a light transmissive member that is fusion-bonded to a tip of the optical fiber portion, and at least light transmitted by the optical fiber portion.
- An optical fiber sensor comprising: a mode definition canceling unit that guides a part of the light to the outside of the core to cancel the mode definition of the light, and returns the mode-undefined light to the core.
- an optical fiber sensor includes an optical fiber portion that transmits light, and an optical transmission core that has a different diameter from the core of the optical fiber portion and can transmit light transmitted through the core.
- a hetero'core portion that is shorter than the length of the optical fiber portion that guides at least a portion of the light transmitted through the core from the boundary between the core and the optical transmission core to the outside of the core,
- the optical fiber sensor may have a structure in which the hetero core is fusion-bonded to the tip of the optical fiber.
- a measuring device includes an optical fiber portion for transmitting light, and a light transmissive member that is fusion-bonded to a tip of the optical fiber portion, and at least the light transmitted by the optical fiber portion. Part of the light is guided to the outside of the core and the mode of the light is released, and the mode is released.
- An optical fiber sensor having mode definition canceling means for returning the emitted light into the core; and an optical fiber sensor connected to an end of the optical fiber sensor on the optical fiber portion side, and emitting light to the core of the optical fiber sensor.
- Light detecting means for detecting the direct intensity of the return light returning to the light source side via the core by the interaction between the light source to be activated and the outside of the mode definition releasing means in the mode definition releasing means.
- a measuring device having:
- a measuring device includes an optical fiber portion for transmitting light, and an optical transmission core having a diameter different from that of the core of the optical fiber portion and capable of transmitting light transmitted through the core, A boundary force between the core and the optical transmission core at least a part of the light transmitted through the core, a hetero-core portion shorter than the length of the optical fiber portion for guiding the core to the outside of the core; An optical fiber sensor in which the hetero core is fusion-bonded to the tip of the optical fiber, and an optical fiber sensor connected to the end of the optical fiber sensor on the optical fiber side; The direct intensity of the return light returning to the light source side via the core due to the interaction between the light source that emits light and the outside of the hetero core portion at the hetero core portion is detected.
- the structure of a measuring device having light detecting means It may be.
- a light source and a measuring device are connected to one end of the optical fiber unit.
- the optical fiber transmits the light incident from the light source.
- an optical transmission core having a diameter different from the core of the optical fiber portion and capable of transmitting light transmitted through the core is provided.
- Mode definition releasing means such as a core portion is fusion-bonded.
- the mode definition canceling means such as the hetero-core portion guides at least a part of the light transmitted through the core of the optical fiber portion to the outside of the core to cancel the definition of the light mode in the core.
- the light that has interacted with the outside in the state where the mode has been released is transmitted again in the optical fiber section via the core, and returns to the light source side.
- a measuring device connected to the light source side in the optical fiber section detects the direct intensity of this return light.
- an optical fiber sensor and a measuring device capable of easily detecting and measuring characteristics of an external environment to be measured.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a measuring device using a tip-type optical fiber sensor according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2A to FIG. 2C are longitudinal sectional views in the vicinity of a sensor portion of the optical fiber sensor for illustrating a configuration of the optical fiber sensor according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic enlarged cross-sectional view of the sensor section shown in FIG. 2A.
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing the relationship between light wavelength and intensity obtained when measuring the concentration of glycerin using the tip-type optical fiber sensor measurement device according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 5 is a graph showing the relationship between light wavelength and intensity when a conventional optical fiber sensor measurement device is used.
- FIG. 6 is an example of a schematic configuration of a conventional optical fiber sensor measuring device.
- FIG. 7 is a graph showing a relationship between a refractive index and light intensity obtained by the optical fiber sensor measurement device according to the first embodiment and a conventional measurement device, respectively.
- FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view showing a modification of the optical fiber sensor according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 9A to FIG. 9C are cross-sectional views in the longitudinal direction near the sensor unit of the optical fiber sensor according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 10A to FIG. 10C are longitudinal sectional views in the vicinity of a sensor section of an optical fiber sensor according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a measurement device using a tip-type optical fiber sensor according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
- the tip-type optical fiber sensor measuring device 100 shown in FIG. 1 includes a light source 1, an optical branching device 2, an optical fiber sensor 9, a reference light detector 5, a signal detector 6, and a measurement calculator 7.
- One embodiment of the light detecting means in the present invention corresponds to the signal detector 6.
- One embodiment of the measuring means in the present invention corresponds to the measurement computing unit 7.
- the light source 1 is connected to the optical branching device 2 by an optical fiber unit 20d
- the signal detector 6 is connected to the optical branching device 2 by an optical fiber unit 20e.
- the optical fiber sensor 9 is connected to the optical fiber section 20b via the optical fiber connector 3, and the optical fiber section 20b is further connected to the optical branching device 2.
- the reference light detector 5 is connected to the optical branching device 2 via the optical fiber section 20c.
- the optical fiber sensor 9 has a sensor section 4 at one end of an optical fiber section 20a.
- the other end of the optical fiber section 20a is connected to the optical fiber section 20b via the optical fiber connector 3.
- the optical fiber sections 20a-20e are each configured using an optical fiber.
- a single mode optical fiber or a multi mode optical fiber may be used for the optical fibers constituting the optical fiber sections 20a and 20e.
- the optical fibers constituting the optical fiber sections 20a to 20e may be of different types.
- the lengths of the optical fiber portions 20a to 20e can be determined as appropriate. For example, when quantifying an object to be measured in a sample to be measured in a laboratory or a laboratory, the length may be several tens of cm each. When the distance between the light source 1 and the sensor unit 4 needs to be increased, for example, the length of the optical fiber unit 20b or the optical fiber unit 20d may be increased.
- Each of the optical fiber sections 20a to 20e can have a length of several hundreds of meters depending on the usage.
- the signal detector 6 and the measurement operation unit 7, and the light source 1 and the measurement operation unit 7 are connected by signal lines, respectively.
- the light source 1, the signal detector 6, and the measurement arithmetic unit 7 may be integrated into one and configured as a measurement device 8.
- any of a multi-wavelength light source that emits light including a plurality of wavelengths of light and a single-wavelength light source that emits monochromatic light of an arbitrary wavelength can be used.
- a white light source is used
- the single-wavelength light source for example, a light emitting diode (Light Emitting Diode: LED) or a laser diode (Laser Diode: LD) is used.
- the light source 1 outputs the light LT1 for measurement using the optical fiber sensor 9 to the optical branching device 2.
- the optical branching device 2 is realized by, for example, a device such as an optical fiber power bracket that, when light enters one input port, splits the light to a plurality of output ports and outputs the light. .
- a 2 ⁇ 2 optical fiber power plug having two input ports and two output ports and manufactured by a fusion drawing method is used.
- this 2 ⁇ 2 optical fiber coupler light input to one input port is split into two output ports and output.
- the output port functions as an input port
- the input port functions as an output port
- optical fiber connector 3 for example, a commercially available connector used for connecting optical fibers is used.
- the optical fiber connector 3 is used for connecting the optical fiber portion 20a of the optical fiber sensor 9 to the optical fiber portion 20b.
- Sensor part 4 directly at the end of the optical fiber part 20b This optical fiber connector 3 is not required if an optical fiber sensor is manufactured
- the optical fiber sensor 9 causes the LT2 light input from the light source 1 via the optical branching device 2, the optical fiber unit 20b, and the optical fiber unit 20a to interact with the outside of the optical fiber sensor 9 in the sensor unit 4. Detect the situation of the outside world.
- the reference light detector 5 detects the reference light LT5 branched from the light LT1 from the light source by the light branching device 2.
- the reference light detector 5 is realized by, for example, a photodiode or a spectrum analyzer (spectroscope).
- the reference light LT5 detected by the reference light detector 5 is used as a reference (reference) for canceling instability such as time variation of the light LT1 from the light source 1. Therefore, the reference light detector 5 is not required for the measurement without considering the stability of the light source 1, and an output port for branching the light to the reference light detector 5 in the optical branching device 2 is also required. Absent
- the signal detector 6 returns to the light source 1 via the optical fiber section 20 b and the optical branching device 2 upon interaction with the environment (outside world) outside the optical fiber sensor 9 in the optical fiber sensor 9.
- the incoming return light is received via the optical fiber section 20e.
- the signal detector 6 detects the intensity of the return light. That is, the signal detector 6 detects the direct intensity of the return light from the optical fiber sensor 9.
- the signal detector 6 sends a data signal SG1 of the detected light intensity to the measurement arithmetic unit 7.
- the signal detector 6 for example, a spectrum analyzer or a light receiving circuit using a photodiode is used, and these detectors are properly used depending on the type of the light source 1.
- a spectrum analyzer is used to detect each intensity of light of each wavelength included in the light from the white light source.
- a single wavelength light source such as an LED or LD is used as the light source 1
- a light receiving circuit using a photodiode is sufficient.
- a light receiving circuit using a photodiode is sometimes called a single meter.
- the measurement arithmetic unit 7 is realized by, for example, a processing circuit such as a CPU (Central Processing Unit) and a program for driving the processing circuit.
- CPU Central Processing Unit
- the measurement computing unit 7 calculates a measurement value of a measurement target using the optical fiber sensor 9 based on the data signal SG1 transmitted from the signal detector 6. In other words, the measurement computing unit 7 uses the information on the intensity of the light represented by the data signal SG1 by a predetermined operation using this intensity to determine the presence of the object to be measured in the outside of the optical fiber sensor 9, its concentration, and acidity. It is converted into information on characteristics such as degrees.
- the measurement calculator 7 includes a program for such conversion according to the measurement purpose.
- a control signal SG2 is output from the measurement arithmetic unit 7 to the light source 1, and the measurement arithmetic unit 7 controls the ON / OFF of the light source 1 and the type of the light intensity. It may be.
- optical fiber sensor 9 will be described in detail.
- FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view near the sensor unit 4 of the optical fiber sensor 9 for illustrating the configuration of the optical fiber sensor 9 according to the first embodiment.
- 2A to 2C show optical fiber sensors having different structures of the sensor unit 4, respectively.
- the optical fiber sensor 9 according to the present embodiment has an optical fiber portion 20a and a sensor portion 4.
- the optical fiber portion 20a has a core 21 and a clad 22 laminated around the core 21. The light of one light source enters the core 21.
- the sensor unit 4 has a hetero core unit 30, a metal film 50, and a reflective film 60.
- One embodiment of the mode definition canceling means in the present invention is the hetero'core unit 30.
- One embodiment of the reflecting means in the present invention is the reflecting film 60.
- the optical fiber sensor 9 has an end on the opposite side to the end disposed on the light source 1 side of the optical fiber portion 20a, compared with the length of the optical fiber portion 20a having a force of several mm and several cm. It is configured by connecting a short hetero-core section 30. Therefore, the optical fiber sensor 9 is a tip-type optical fiber sensor in which the hetero core 30 constituting the sensor unit 4 exists at the tip.
- FIGS. 2A and 2B show a hetero core section 30 having a core 31 similar to the optical fiber section 20a and a clad 32 laminated therearound.
- FIG. 2A shows a hetero core 30 in which the diameter bl of the core 31 is smaller than the diameter aU of the core 21 of the optical fiber portion 20a
- FIG. 2B shows a hetero core 30 in which the diameter bl is larger in diameter aU. Shown in! /
- the core 31 and the clad 32 are called a hetero core portion.
- the refractive index of the core 21 is slightly larger than the refractive index of the clad 22, and the refractive index of the core 31 is slightly larger than the refractive index of the clad 32.
- Both the core 31 and the clad 32 are light-transmitting members, and can transmit light.
- the length cl of the hetero core part 3 is, for example, 10 mm.
- a light transmitting member 300 having a refractive index equivalent to that of the clad 22 of the optical fiber portion 20a and capable of transmitting light is replaced with the hetero core portion 30. It can also be used for Such a light-transmitting member 300 can also be regarded as a kind of hetero-core portion having a core diameter bl of 0.
- optical fiber portion 20a and the hetero core portion 30 or the light transmissive member 300 are coaxially joined along the longitudinal direction at an interface 40a orthogonal to the longitudinal direction.
- the core 31 of the hetero-core section 30 and the core 21 of the optical fiber section 20a are brought into contact.
- a fusion method using a generalized discharge is preferably used.
- a single mode optical fiber and a multi-mode optical fiber may be used in combination, and these may be used in combination.
- a multimode optical fiber with a core diameter al of about 50 ⁇ m (Osaki Electric)
- a hetero-core section 30 using a single-mode optical fiber (Newport, F_SA) with a core diameter bl of about 3 ⁇ m is joined to the optical fiber section 20a using the optical fiber section 20a.
- the hetero-core portion 30 Due to the presence of the hetero-core portion 30, at least a part of the light transmitted through the core 21 of the optical fiber portion 20a leaks outside the core 21 at the interface 40a. At least a part of the light leaked by being guided to the outside of the core 21 propagates in the clad 32 of the hetero core portion 30. At this time, in the cladding 32 of the hetero core section 30, the definition of the light mode in the core 21 of the optical fiber section 20a is released and broken.
- the release of the definition of the optical mode in the hetero core unit 30 means that the type of the optical fiber used as the optical fiber unit 20a and the hetero core unit 30 is a single mode optical fiber or a multimode optical fiber. Occurs regardless of whether
- FIG. 3 is an enlarged schematic cross-sectional view of the sensor unit 4 having a core diameter bl and a core diameter aU smaller as shown in FIG. 2A.
- FIG. 3 hatching in the core 21 of the optical fiber portion 20a and the cladding 32 of the hetero core portion 30 are omitted for clarity of illustration.
- the metal film 50 is coated by an arbitrary method so as to cover the surface side of the hetero core portion 30.
- a chromium (Cr) film 50a is formed on the outer surface of the hetero 'core portion 30 by vapor deposition, and a gold (Au) film 5 Ob is formed on the chromium film 50a by vapor deposition.
- Au gold
- the thickness FW1 of the chromium film 50a is, for example, about several nm.
- the thickness FW2 of the gold film 50b is, for example, about several tens of nm.
- surface plasmon is generated by the light inside the hetero core 30 being reflected at the boundary between the hetero core 30 and the metal film 50.
- the metal film 50 is formed by using another metal such as silver (Ag) or aluminum (A1).
- a reflective film 60 is further provided on the surface of the end of the hetero core 30 opposite to the end fused to the optical fiber portion 20a.
- the reflection film 60 is formed, for example, by evaporating silver.
- the thickness dl of the reflective film 60 is set to a thickness that can sufficiently reflect the light in the hetero core portion 30 toward the optical fiber portion 20a.
- the thickness dl is about several hundred nm.
- the reflection film 60 may be formed using a material other than a metal such as silver as long as the light in the hetero core portion 30 can be sufficiently reflected to the optical fiber portion 20a side.
- the tip of the hetero core portion 30 becomes mirror-like, so that the light in the hetero core portion 30 is easily reflected at the tip, and more light is directed to the optical fiber portion 20a side. Come back.
- the optical fiber sensor 9 having the metal film 50 for generating surface plasmon can be used for various physical and chemical property measurements.
- concentration of glycerin is measured will be described as an example.
- the sensor unit 4 according to the present embodiment is immersed in a measurement medium MD such as a solution containing glycerin as a measurement target, as shown in FIG. 1, for example.
- a measurement medium MD such as a solution containing glycerin as a measurement target, as shown in FIG. 1, for example.
- the light LT1 emitted from the light source 1 enters the optical branching device 2 via the optical fiber section 20d.
- the light LT 1 is split into two lights by the light splitting device 2.
- the light LT2 reaches the sensor section 4 via the optical fiber section 20b and the optical fiber section 20a of the optical fiber sensor 9.
- the other light LT5 enters the reference light detector 5 via the optical fiber section 20c as reference light.
- the light LT2 is transmitted as light in which a plurality of modes are formed due to the normal properties of the optical fiber.
- the mode of the light transmitted by the optical fiber section 20a can also be schematically captured as the light reflection angle at the boundary between the core 21 and the clad 22.
- the reflection angle of the light at the optical fiber section 20a can be considered to be a very large number of discrete angles.
- the light in which the plurality of modes are formed is represented as an optical LTM.
- the measurement is performed by using the intensity change of the light incident on the optical fiber section 20a from the light source 1, only the total light intensity of the mode group for one wavelength is considered. That's enough.
- the mode is released and the mode is broken.
- light is transmitted at various reflection angles at the boundary between the cladding 32 and the metal film 50 in the inside of the core portion 30 as shown in FIG. This is because the various conditions (core diameter, refractive index, and refractive index distribution) that determine the mode configuration change when the optical LTM enters the hetero core section 30 and one of the factors of mode formation. This is considered to be due to the fact that the fiber length is insufficient with the length of the hetero core 30.
- the mode is released and the mode is broken, and the light is reflected at various reflection angles as shown in FIG.
- the light becomes the mode-disrupted LTU and travels through the cladding 32.
- the reflectance of the light in the clad 32 changes according to the refractive index and the light absorption of the substance in contact with the metal film 50. If the metal film 50 does not exist, the reflectance changes according to the refractive index and the light absorption of the substance attached to the outer surface of the clad 32. Therefore, by measuring the intensity of light reflected on the hetero core section 30, it is possible to know the characteristics such as the refractive index and the light absorptivity of the substance existing in the outside of the sensor section 4. For example, the concentration of glycerin in the measurement medium MD can be known.
- the light LTU whose mode has collapsed reflects at the boundary between the metal film 50 and the clad 32, and is reflected at various reflection angles, that is, with the outside of the sensor unit 4 under more conditions. That interaction can occur.
- the light that has entered the cladding 32 of the hetero core section 30 from the optical fiber section 20a and has become a mode-disrupted light LTU is reflected at the boundary with the metal film 50 while being reflected by the hetero core section 30. It reaches the tip. Since the reflection film 60 is provided so as to be a mirror surface at the interface 40b at the tip of the hetero'core portion 30, the optical LTU is reflected at the interface 40b and again reflected at the boundary with the metal film 50 while the optical fiber portion. Return to 20a side.
- the reflected light LTU whose mode has collapsed is reflected back, so that the return light returning to the optical fiber unit 20 a side only passes through the hetero-core unit 30 in one direction.
- This light contains more information on mutual interference than the light of other types.
- the return light LT3 that has returned to the core 21 of the optical fiber portion 20a after the interaction has occurred between the hetero 'core portion 30 and the outside of the sensor portion 4 is the return light LT4 shown in Fig. 1.
- the light reaches the optical branching device 2 via the fiber section 20b.
- the return light LT4 is split by the optical splitter 2 into two lights.
- One of the branched lights LT6 reaches the signal detector 6 via the optical fiber section 20e.
- the signal detector 6 detects the intensity of the light LT6. Since there is a correlation between the intensity of the light LT6 and the intensity of the return light LT3, the change in the intensity of the return light LT3 can be known by detecting the change in the intensity of the light LT6.
- the measurement computing unit 7 Based on the information on the intensity of the light LT6 included in the data signal SG1 transmitted from the signal detector 6, the measurement computing unit 7 compares the known characteristic of the measurement target with the intensity of the light LT6 as described above. The characteristics of the object to be measured are measured using the correlation obtained in advance. For example, the measurement calculator 7 calculates the concentration of glycerin contained in the measurement medium MD by calculation. The above correlation is stored as a look-up table in a storage device such as a memory (not shown). The measurement computing unit 7 accesses this memory as needed to obtain the correlation between the characteristic of the measurement target and the intensity of the light LT6.
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing the relationship between the wavelength and the intensity of light LT6, which is obtained when, for example, the concentration of dalyserin is measured using the tip-type optical fiber sensor measuring device 100 described above.
- the horizontal axis represents the wavelength of the light LT6, and the vertical axis represents the intensity of the light LT6 normalized with respect to the light from the light source 1.
- the intensity of the reference light the intensity of the reference light LT5 detected by the reference light detector 5 may be used, or the measurement operation may be performed.
- the set output light intensity of the light LT1 that the calculator 7 sets for the light source 1 using the control signal SG2 may be used.
- the length cl of the hetero 'core portion 30 is set to 10 mm, and the chromium film 5
- the thickness FW1 of Oa was set to 4.4 nm, and the thickness FW2 of the gold film 50b was set to 57.04 nm.
- the thickness dl of the silver reflecting film 60 was set to 200 mm.
- a light source was used to perform a sweep to examine the intensity at various wavelengths.
- a white light source was used.
- a spectrum analyzer was used for the reference light detector 5 and the signal detector 6 corresponding to the white light source.
- the refractive index of water is about 1.333
- the refractive index of a 20% aqueous glycerin solution is about 1.357
- the refractive index of a 50% aqueous glycerin solution is about 1.398.
- the graph shown in Fig. 4 is characterized in that each of the graphs GW, GG1, and GG2 changes relatively gently compared to the conventional art, and a downward peak is generated. And each graph GW,
- GG1 and GG2 are plotted without intersecting each other in a wider wavelength range than before.
- FIG. 5 shows the measurement results when using a conventional optical fiber sensor measurement device.
- the horizontal axis represents the wavelength
- the vertical axis represents the normalized intensity of light.
- FIG. 6 shows an example of a schematic configuration of a conventional optical fiber sensor measuring device.
- the graphs G—A,..., And G—F shown in FIG. It is a graph obtained as a result of the above.
- the ends of the two optical fiber portions 20a opposite to the ends on the sensor unit 4 side are connected to the light source 1 and the spectrum analyzer SA, respectively.
- the sensor unit 4 in FIG. 6 has the same structure as the sensor unit 4 according to the first embodiment shown in FIG. 3, except that an optical fiber unit 20a is connected instead of the reflection film 60. Shown in Figure 6 In the optical fiber sensor 900, the length cl of the hetero 'core portion 30 was 10 mm.
- the thickness FW1 of the chromium film 50a was set to about 5 nm
- the thickness FW2 of the gold film 50b was set to about 60 nm.
- the sensor unit 4 shown in Fig. 6 is brought into contact with the measurement medium MD.
- the white light LT-A emitted from the light source 1 travels through the optical fiber section 20a, reaches the sensor section 4, and interacts with the external measurement medium MD in the sensor section 4.
- the light LT-B after the interaction is generated in the sensor unit 4 reaches the spectrum analyzer SA through the optical fiber unit 20a on the subsequent stage of the sensor unit 4, that is, on the light emission side.
- the spectrum analyzer SA detects the intensity of the light LT-B.
- Each graph G—A,..., G—F in FIG. 5 represents, for example, the light LT— when the refractive index of the measurement medium MD in FIG. 6 is changed by changing the concentration of the measurement object.
- the light intensity of each wavelength of B is shown.
- the graphs G—A, G—B, G—C, G—D, G—E, and G—F are the refractive index powers S of the measurement medium MD about 1.333, 1.345, 1.357, 1.
- the results for 371, 1.384 and 1.398 are shown respectively.
- each graph is steeper than in the case of Fig. 4 in the wavelength range of 550 nm or more. It can be seen that a downward peak has been formed. Also, it can be seen that the graphs G—A,..., And G—F in FIG. 5 intersect each other.
- the wavelengths that can be used for measurement of characteristics such as the refractive index and the refractive index power that can be calculated are limited, which makes the measurement difficult.
- the wavelength shown in Fig. 5 approximately 656.8 nm
- the refractive index is larger in the case of the graph GE, the intensity is lower in the case of the graph GE than in the case of the graph G-C.
- the refractive index tends to change and the intensity changes.
- the gap tends to be narrow. For this reason, conventionally, it has been difficult to derive a change in characteristics such as a refractive index from a change in intensity.
- each graph changes gently and the interval between the graphs becomes wider than before, so that, for example, the wavelength Using light
- the tip of the optical fiber section 20a has a taper / core section. It is considered that this is because the mode defining canceling means such as the above is bonded, and the light is reflected on the portion of the hetero core portion 30 and returned to the optical fiber portion 20a side. That is, in the hetero-core section 30, light of a mode whose reflection angle is almost constant does not interact with the outside world, but light LTUs with various reflection angles whose modes have been destroyed interact with the outside world. As a result, a sharp peak is formed in the graph of wavelength and intensity.
- the optical LTUs having various reflection angles interact with the outside world, the characteristics of the object to be measured are easily detected, so that the change in the characteristics of the object to be measured easily appears as a change in intensity.
- the interval between the graphs at the same wavelength is widened.
- the mode of the optical LTU whose mode has been broken is reflected at the tip of the hetero core portion 30, reflected and returned to the optical fiber portion 20 a side, so that the interaction between the optical LTU and the outside world is simply doubled. Is repeated the number of times, the tendency that the interval between the above-mentioned graphs becomes wide and the peak becomes gentle becomes stronger.
- FIG. 7 A graph for rearranging the above results from the viewpoint of the refractive index is shown in FIG.
- the horizontal axis represents the refractive index of the measurement medium MD
- the vertical axis represents the light intensity detected by the signal detector 6 or the spectrum analyzer SA.
- the plots marked with ⁇ indicate the refractive index and light at a wavelength of 656.8 mm, that is, at the wavelength shown in FIG. 5, using the tip-type optical fiber sensor measuring apparatus 100 according to the first embodiment.
- the plot of Kokuinji shows the result when the relationship between the refractive index and the intensity at the wavelength of 769.6, that is, the wavelength ⁇ , was measured using the measuring device with the conventional optical fiber sensor 900 shown in FIG. ing.
- the linearity between the intensity and the refractive index is poor even at wavelengths in which the tendency of the intensity change and the tendency of the refractive index change are uniform.
- the optical fiber sensor 9 according to the present embodiment which has linearity between the intensity and the refractive index, is preferable as the force sensor.
- the mode of the optical LTM in which the mode propagating in the core 21 is defined is released at the tip of the optical fiber section 20a, and the mode is changed to the optical LTU in which the mode is collapsed.
- a mode specification canceling means is installed.
- the mode-disrupted optical LTU interacts with the outside inside the mode definition canceling means.
- the optical LTU in which the mode interacting with the external world is broken is reflected by the reflective film 60 at the tip of the mode definition canceling means, and further interacts with the external world.
- the range of the wavelength of light capable of detecting the characteristic of the measurement object in the outside world can be widened and the detection characteristic can be made linear.
- the mode definition canceling means it is possible to use a member such as a hetero core section 30 using a commercially available optical fiber.
- a cutting device for cutting the optical fiber into the hetero core portion 30 is also commercially available.
- fusion bonding by electric discharge which is generalized, can be used.
- Equipment for fusion bonding is also commercially available. Therefore, the tip-type optical fiber sensor 9 and the measuring device 100 can be easily manufactured.
- the hetero-core section 30 is bonded to the tip of the optical fiber section 20a instead of sandwiching the hetero-core section 30 with the optical fiber section 20a, and an interaction occurs.
- the light after the return is returned to the optical fiber section 20a. For this reason, it is possible to greatly simplify the laying and routing of the optical fiber in the entire measuring system such as the measuring device 100.
- the outer diameter of the hetero core section 30 for allowing light in the core 21 of the optical fiber section 20a to interact with the outside can be made the same as the outer diameter of the optical fiber section 20a.
- the strength of the sensor section 4 can be improved, and the optical fiber sensor 9 can be used practically.
- the measuring apparatus 100 by changing the mode of the light in the hetero core section 30, it is easy to reflect the change in the characteristic of the measurement object in the external world on the change in the intensity of the return light LT6. Therefore, by detecting the direct intensity of the return light LT6, it becomes possible to detect the characteristic of the measurement target. As a result, a device much less expensive than an OTDR (Optical Time-Domain Reflectometer), such as a photodiode, can be applied as the signal detector 6, and the price of the measuring device 100 can be reduced. Further, by using the tip-type optical fiber sensor 9 and using, for example, an LED as the light source 1 and a photodiode as the signal detector 6, the measuring apparatus 100 can be downsized.
- OTDR Optical Time-Domain Reflectometer
- FIG. 8 is a sectional view showing a modification of the optical fiber sensor 9 according to the first embodiment.
- the optical fiber sensor 90 according to the modification shown in FIG. 8 differs from the optical fiber sensor 9 only in that the optical fiber sensor 9 according to the first embodiment is sandwiched and covered by a cover member 70. Therefore, the same components are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description is omitted.
- the cover member 70 is formed of, for example, a resin material such as plastic.
- the cover member 70 has a shape along the longitudinal direction of the optical fiber sensor 9, such as a pen type or a stick type.
- the cover member 70 sandwiches and fixes the optical fiber sensor 9 so that only the tip end of the optical fiber sensor 9 including the sensor section 4 can contact the measurement medium MD.
- the optical fiber sensor 90 as described above can be connected to the optical fiber section 20b in FIG. 1 through the optical fiber connector 3 similarly to the optical fiber sensor 9, and the concentration of the object to be measured, etc. Can be used to measure various characteristics of
- the optical fiber sensor 90 having the cover member 70 as described above and the measuring device using the same, in addition to the same effects as those of the first embodiment, the protection of the sensor unit 4 and the optical fiber sensor 9 It is possible to obtain an effect that handling is easier than directly operating the.
- 9A to 9C are longitudinal sectional views in the vicinity of the sensor unit 4 of the optical fiber sensor according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIGS. 9A to 9C correspond to FIGS. 2A to 2C, respectively, and show different structures of the hetero core part 30.
- the detection drug-fixing film 500 is realized by, for example, a film or a polymer film formed by a sol-gel method.
- forming the detection drug immobilization membrane 500 as a porous membrane having very fine pores at the molecular level can be used to detect the detection drug immobilized by the detection drug immobilization membrane 500 and the measurement target. It is preferable because it can react more effectively.
- a functional dye such as a pH indicator for detecting an acid or a base or a metal indicator for detecting a specific metal can be used.
- detection agents can be fixed to the detection agent immobilization film 500 by mixing when forming the detection agent immobilization film 500 by the sol-gel method, or can be applied to the detection agent immobilization film 500. It can also be chemically fixed.
- the detection agent as described above selectively reacts with a specific detection target depending on its type. This reaction causes phenomena such as absorption of light of a specific wavelength and generation of fluorescence, depending on the characteristics of the detection target (for example, properties such as acid or base). In response to the phenomena such as light absorption and fluorescence, changes such as a change in spectrum and a change in intensity are brought to the optical LTU in which the mode inside the hetero-core unit 30 is broken.
- the return of the optical LTU that has undergone an interaction based on the reaction between the detection drug and the target substance By detecting the change in the spectrum and the change in the intensity of the light LT6 with the signal detector 6, it becomes possible to know the characteristics of the detection target, that is, the presence, pH, and type of the measurement target.
- the detection agent that reacts with a specific measurement target is fixed to the hetero core 30 by the detection agent fixing film 500. Therefore, it is possible to selectively measure the measurement target according to the type of the detection agent, and it is possible to perform a measurement with higher sensitivity and higher accuracy than in the case of the first embodiment.
- the detection agent is fixed to the sensor unit 4 side, for example, detection and quantification of an object to be measured contained not only in a liquid but also in a gas as in the detection of ammonia can be performed.
- various kinds of sensors such as a refractive index sensor, a concentration sensor, and a pH measurement sensor can be realized by changing the type of the detection agent.
- FIG. 10A to FIG. 10C are cross-sectional views in the longitudinal direction near the sensor unit 4 of the optical fiber sensor according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
- the optical fiber sensor according to the third embodiment and the measuring apparatus using the same are different from the first embodiment in that the hetero-core portion 30 is used as the sensor portion 4 without providing the metal film 50 or the detection agent fixing film 500. 1, which is different from the second embodiment.
- the other points are almost the same as those of the first and second embodiments, and therefore, the same components are denoted by the same reference numerals and detailed description is omitted.
- FIG. 1 OA—FIG. 10C respectively correspond to FIG. 2A—FIG. 2C or FIG. 9A—FIG. 9C, and show different structures of the hetero-core unit 30.
- the reflection film 60 is provided at the tip of the hetero core 30. Even if the reflective film 60 is not provided, the light in the hetero core portion 30 is reflected back to the optical fiber portion 20a to some extent due to the difference in the refractive index between the hetero core portion 30 and the outside.
- the detection characteristic is made linear by the collapse of the light mode in the hetero-core section 30. Becomes possible.
- the optical fiber sensor since no electric power is required at the part directly in contact with the object to be measured, it is excellent in electric explosion proof and flammability, and remote monitoring is possible by transmitting information by light.
- the characteristics of the optical fiber sensor such as the fact that the optical fiber is flexible and can be formed into various shapes, can be maintained.
- the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment and its modifications.
- a cover member as in a modification of the first embodiment may be provided in the second and third embodiments.
- the metal film 50 or the detection drug fixing film 500 as in the first and second embodiments may be provided on the surface of the hetero core portion 30 according to the third embodiment.
- the sensor unit 4 when it is desired to detect leakage of a measurement object due to a plumbing force or the like, the sensor unit 4 is not limited to a mode in which the sensor unit 4 is immersed in the measurement medium MD as in the embodiment, and the sensor unit 4 is disposed at a desired measurement position of the pipe. May be installed.
- the present invention provides, for example, the measurement of the refractive index and the presence or absence of the liquid depending on the type of the metal film 50 and the type of the detection agent immobilized on the detection agent fixing film 500. It can be used as a chemical sensor for liquid detection, liquid concentration measurement, gas detection, gas concentration measurement, protein concentration measurement, acid concentration measurement, alcohol concentration measurement, and other chemical substance detection and measurement. is there.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP04792483A EP1674854A4 (en) | 2003-10-16 | 2004-10-15 | OPTICAL FIBER SENSOR AND MEASURING DEVICE USING THEREOF |
US10/575,718 US7389009B2 (en) | 2003-10-16 | 2004-10-15 | Optical fiber sensor and measuring apparatus using same |
KR1020067009272A KR101109093B1 (ko) | 2003-10-16 | 2004-10-15 | 광화이버 센서 및 그를 이용한 측정 장치 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
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JP2003-356225 | 2003-10-16 | ||
JP2003356225A JP2005121461A (ja) | 2003-10-16 | 2003-10-16 | 光ファイバセンサおよびそれを用いた測定装置 |
Publications (2)
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WO2005038440A1 WO2005038440A1 (ja) | 2005-04-28 |
WO2005038440A9 true WO2005038440A9 (ja) | 2005-11-17 |
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PCT/JP2004/015266 WO2005038440A1 (ja) | 2003-10-16 | 2004-10-15 | 光ファイバセンサおよびそれを用いた測定装置 |
Country Status (5)
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US (1) | US7389009B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1674854A4 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP2005121461A (ja) |
KR (1) | KR101109093B1 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2005038440A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (17)
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WO2007019039A1 (en) * | 2005-08-08 | 2007-02-15 | Corning Incorporated | Method for increasing a read-out speed of a ccd-detector |
JP2009025199A (ja) * | 2007-07-20 | 2009-02-05 | Univ Soka | 光ファイバ型表面プラズモン湿度センサ、表面プラズモン湿度センサ、光ファイバ型湿度センサ及び湿度測定装置 |
KR101033516B1 (ko) * | 2008-10-01 | 2011-05-09 | 한국전기연구원 | 광계측 응용 구강암 조기 진단 시스템 및 그 방법 |
DE102008044317B4 (de) * | 2008-12-03 | 2011-02-10 | Universität Potsdam | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Konzentrationsbestimmung von Sauerstoff |
CN102959383B (zh) | 2010-06-25 | 2016-01-13 | 南京大学 | 多模式干涉仪技术 |
TW201323852A (zh) * | 2011-12-09 | 2013-06-16 | Univ Nat Taiwan Science Tech | Led結合光纖之生技檢測裝置 |
TWI458953B (zh) * | 2011-12-29 | 2014-11-01 | Chunghwa Telecom Co Ltd | 光纖水感知系統與方法 |
JP6344789B2 (ja) * | 2012-08-24 | 2018-06-20 | 学校法人 創価大学 | 水素センサ、および、それを用いた検出装置 |
KR101338303B1 (ko) | 2012-12-17 | 2013-12-09 | 연세대학교 산학협력단 | 반도체 나노선 광특성 분석기 및 이를 이용한 반도체 나노선 광특성 분석방법 |
KR101327501B1 (ko) * | 2013-01-22 | 2013-11-08 | 성균관대학교산학협력단 | 그래핀 산화물 및 환원된 그래핀 산화물을 포함하는 광섬유, 및 이를 포함하는 가스 센서의 제조 방법 |
CN104165840B (zh) * | 2013-05-16 | 2017-07-21 | 上海交通大学 | 基于单‑多模光纤耦合的光纤端面无标记光学传感器 |
KR101436925B1 (ko) * | 2013-06-27 | 2014-09-03 | 한국과학기술연구원 | 광 파이버를 이용한 센서 장치 |
DE102013108189A1 (de) | 2013-07-31 | 2015-02-05 | Endress + Hauser Conducta Gesellschaft für Mess- und Regeltechnik mbH + Co. KG | Anordnung zur optischen Messung einer Prozessgröße und Messgerät umfassend eine solche |
CN105136747B (zh) * | 2015-08-14 | 2018-10-26 | 江苏佰臻医疗仪器有限公司 | 基于表面等离子体的多模光纤探针生物传感装置 |
JP6752414B2 (ja) * | 2016-10-29 | 2020-09-09 | 国立大学法人 岡山大学 | 加熱治療器 |
CN109238963A (zh) * | 2018-09-14 | 2019-01-18 | 重庆三峡学院 | 一种光纤包层spr传感器、及其使用方法与制作方法 |
CN113916837B (zh) * | 2021-11-17 | 2023-05-12 | 重庆三峡学院 | 可方向识别的光纤v槽型包层spr曲率传感器及其制作方法 |
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US4894532A (en) * | 1988-03-28 | 1990-01-16 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Optical fiber sensor with light absorbing moisture-sensitive coating |
US5275160A (en) * | 1991-01-14 | 1994-01-04 | The General Hospital Corporation | Probes for radiance dosimetry |
US5381229A (en) * | 1991-03-29 | 1995-01-10 | Center For Innovative Technology | Sapphire optical fiber interferometer |
US5361383A (en) * | 1991-10-30 | 1994-11-01 | Hughes Aircraft Company | Optical fiber having internal partial mirrors and interferometer using same |
WO1994011708A1 (en) * | 1992-11-06 | 1994-05-26 | Martin Marietta Corporation | Interferometric optical sensor read-out system |
US5359681A (en) * | 1993-01-11 | 1994-10-25 | University Of Washington | Fiber optic sensor and methods and apparatus relating thereto |
JP3180959B2 (ja) * | 1996-06-21 | 2001-07-03 | 株式会社インターアクション | センサ用光ファイバおよびセンサシステム |
US5864397A (en) * | 1997-09-15 | 1999-01-26 | Lockheed Martin Energy Research Corporation | Surface-enhanced raman medical probes and system for disease diagnosis and drug testing |
US6020207A (en) * | 1998-06-17 | 2000-02-01 | World Precision Instruments, Inc. | Optical analysis technique and sensors for use therein |
JP2000121552A (ja) * | 1998-10-20 | 2000-04-28 | Suzuki Motor Corp | Sprセンサセル及びこれを用いた免疫反応測定装置 |
JP2001337036A (ja) | 2000-05-25 | 2001-12-07 | Masao Karube | 差動式sprセンサー及び該センサーを用いた測定法 |
JP2002350335A (ja) * | 2001-05-28 | 2002-12-04 | Tama Tlo Kk | 屈折率センサー、センサーシステムおよび光ファイバ |
TW548439B (en) * | 2002-01-15 | 2003-08-21 | Delta Electronics Inc | Manufacturing method of fiber collimator |
-
2003
- 2003-10-16 JP JP2003356225A patent/JP2005121461A/ja active Pending
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2004
- 2004-10-15 WO PCT/JP2004/015266 patent/WO2005038440A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2004-10-15 KR KR1020067009272A patent/KR101109093B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2004-10-15 EP EP04792483A patent/EP1674854A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2004-10-15 US US10/575,718 patent/US7389009B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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JP2005121461A (ja) | 2005-05-12 |
EP1674854A4 (en) | 2008-05-07 |
EP1674854A1 (en) | 2006-06-28 |
KR101109093B1 (ko) | 2012-01-31 |
WO2005038440A1 (ja) | 2005-04-28 |
US20070077000A1 (en) | 2007-04-05 |
US7389009B2 (en) | 2008-06-17 |
KR20060123742A (ko) | 2006-12-04 |
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