WO2005034257A1 - 圧電トランス - Google Patents
圧電トランス Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2005034257A1 WO2005034257A1 PCT/JP2004/013907 JP2004013907W WO2005034257A1 WO 2005034257 A1 WO2005034257 A1 WO 2005034257A1 JP 2004013907 W JP2004013907 W JP 2004013907W WO 2005034257 A1 WO2005034257 A1 WO 2005034257A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- piezoelectric transformer
- output
- longitudinal direction
- electrode
- input
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N30/00—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices
- H10N30/40—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices with electrical input and electrical output, e.g. functioning as transformers
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a central drive type piezoelectric transformer used for an inverter for a knock light of a liquid crystal display and the like.
- piezoelectric transformers have been employed in inverters for liquid crystal panel backlights, DCZDC converters, and the like, in order to reduce the size and thickness of electric circuits.
- FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a conventional general Rosen-type piezoelectric transformer.
- the Rosen-type piezoelectric transformer is an element made of, for example, lead zirconate titanate (PZT) -based ceramic, and as shown in FIG. 6, a left-half input section 21 of the piezoelectric transformer 20 has a conductor in the thickness direction. Are provided, and the piezoelectric body between the input electrodes is polarized in the thickness direction. Further, an output electrode 24 is provided on the end face of the output section 23 in the right half of the piezoelectric transformer 20, for example, by baking silver, and the piezoelectric body of the output section 23 is polarized in the longitudinal direction.
- PZT lead zirconate titanate
- the input unit refers to a portion of the piezoelectric transformer in which an input electrode is provided in the thickness direction, and a piezoelectric body between the input electrodes is polarized in the thickness direction.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent No. 3119154
- Patent document 2 JP-A-2000-150981
- Patent Document 3 JP-A-2002-305332
- the center-drive type piezoelectric transformer in which the output portion is polarized in the opposite direction along the longitudinal direction is such that the voltages generated at the two output electrodes are in phase, and the voltage between the output electrodes is large. Since no current flows through the load connected to, the cold-cathode tube does not light even if a cold-cathode tube is connected between the output electrodes at both ends of the piezoelectric transformer.
- a piezoelectric transformer whose output section is polarized in the opposite direction uses two cold cathode tubes connected in series between the output electrodes at both ends and GND, but uses one cold cathode. If a voltage of + V is applied to the output electrode when connecting the tubes, the two cold cathode tubes require a voltage of 2V out o.
- Parasitic capacitance ut is applied to the output electrode when connecting the tubes.
- the power loss due to this is four times that of a single case.
- a general Rosen-type piezoelectric transformer uses a relatively high V lamp voltage as it is. Must apply! /.
- the output impedance of a piezoelectric transformer whose output section is polarized in the same direction is large as lZ (2 w f′C ⁇ 2) where f is the frequency and C is the capacitance of one output.
- the present invention provides a piezoelectric transformer whose output section is polarized in the same direction along the longitudinal direction and is suitable for connecting a cold-cathode tube or the like having a high tube voltage. It is intended to provide a piezoelectric transformer having the same.
- a piezoelectric transformer comprises: an input unit having an input electrode laminated in a thickness direction at a central portion in a longitudinal direction of a rectangular piezoelectric body; A pair of output units provided so as to sandwich the input unit along the end, and an end of each output unit Wherein the input section is polarized in the thickness direction between the input electrodes, and the output section is polarized in the same direction along the longitudinal direction, and operates in a half-wavelength mode.
- a transformer wherein the longitudinal length of the piezoelectric body is L, the longitudinal length of the input section is L, and the longitudinal length of one of the output electrodes is L.
- the longitudinal length L of the piezoelectric body, the longitudinal length L of the input portion, and the longitudinal length L of any one of the output electrodes are (4L L). / 4L is 0.1
- the efficiency of the piezoelectric transformer according to the present invention can be maintained at a high level of about 94% to 96%.
- the piezoelectric transformer of the present invention when used for electric equipment, the power consumption thereof can be suppressed low, and when it is used for a notebook computer, the life of a highly demanded battery can be extended.
- heat generation can be suppressed, the reliability of the function of the piezoelectric transformer itself can be improved, and heat generation can be prevented from adversely affecting peripheral elements or devices.
- the circuit can be more efficiently incorporated as an inverter into a lighting drive device circuit that suppresses power loss due to parasitic capacitance.
- the yield can be improved in a manufacturing process in which a piezoelectric transformer having a function as designed is easily mass-produced. it can. In addition, it becomes easier to select an optimum value in consideration of a relationship with another characteristic such as a boost ratio.
- the output electrode is formed only on the end face of each of the outputs, the length of the piezoelectric body in the longitudinal direction is L, and the length of the input unit in the longitudinal direction is L.
- L is the length of L and L force
- the output electrode is provided at the position of the peak of the vibration in the ⁇ 2 mode,
- the pressure ratio can be increased.
- the structure of the output electrode can be simplified, the residual stress in the peripheral portion of the output electrode can be reduced.
- the piezoelectric transformer according to the present invention is characterized in that the output electrode is laminated on an inner layer in a thickness direction of the piezoelectric body at an end of each of the output sections.
- the output electrode of the piezoelectric transformer according to the present invention is laminated on the inner layer in the thickness direction of the piezoelectric body at the end of each output section. This further increases the efficiency of the piezoelectric transformer.
- the laminated output electrodes can be printed at the same time as the printing of the central input electrode in the manufacturing process of the piezoelectric transformer, and a step of burning the electrodes on both end surfaces of the piezoelectric body is not particularly required. Thereby, the working efficiency in the manufacturing process can be improved.
- an external electrode connected to the output electrode is required, but it can be provided in one step at the same time as providing the external electrode connected to the input electrode after firing the piezoelectric body.
- an external electrode connected to the input electrode is provided on at least an outer surface of the input section parallel to the longitudinal direction and the thickness direction, and is connected to the output electrode.
- the external electrodes are provided on both end faces of each of the output sections, or at least one of the outer faces of the output sections parallel to the longitudinal direction and the thickness direction.
- the external electrode connected to the input electrode and the external electrode connected to the output electrode are respectively provided at predetermined positions of the piezoelectric transformer.
- the manufacturing process of printing the external electrodes as the extraction electrodes of the piezoelectric transformer for example, printing can be performed on a specific surface, and the printing process for the external electrodes can be completed by performing only one printing.
- the manufacturing process can be simplified and reduced in cost.
- the surface on which the external electrode is provided can be selected according to the circumstances in other steps.
- the surface on which the external electrodes are provided can be selected in consideration of the space and arrangement. As a result, it is possible to improve the efficiency of the manufacturing operation and improve the response when configuring the circuit. Further, by providing the U-shaped electrode by the output electrode and its external electrode, the efficiency can be further increased. The invention's effect
- the efficiency of the piezoelectric transformer according to the present invention can be maintained at a high level of about 94% to 96%.
- the piezoelectric transformer according to the present invention when used for electric equipment, the power consumption thereof can be suppressed low, and when it is used for a notebook computer, the required battery life can be prolonged.
- heat generation can be suppressed, the reliability of the function of the piezoelectric transformer itself can be improved, and heat generation can be prevented from adversely affecting peripheral elements or devices.
- the circuit can be incorporated as an inverter with higher efficiency into a circuit of a lighting driving device that suppresses power loss due to parasitic capacitance.
- the yield can be improved in a manufacturing process in which a piezoelectric transformer having a function as designed is easily mass-produced. it can. In addition, it becomes easier to select an optimum value in consideration of a relationship with another characteristic such as a boost ratio.
- the output electrode is provided at the position of the peak of the ⁇ 2 mode vibration, the step-up ratio can be increased. Further, since the structure of the output electrode can be simplified, the residual stress in the peripheral portion of the output electrode can be reduced.
- the output electrode is laminated on the inner layer in the thickness direction of the piezoelectric body at the end of each output section. This further increases the efficiency S of the piezoelectric transformer.
- the stacked output electrodes can be printed at the same time as the printing of the input electrode at the center in the manufacturing process of the piezoelectric transformer, and a step of burning the electrodes on both end surfaces of the piezoelectric body is not particularly required. Thereby, the working efficiency in the manufacturing process can be improved.
- an external electrode to be connected to the output electrode is required, but it is possible to provide the external electrode to be connected to the input electrode after firing of the piezoelectric body in one step at the same time as coating.
- the piezoelectric transformer of the present invention is connected to the external electrode and the output electrode connected to the input electrode!
- the external electrodes to the specified surface of the piezoelectric transformer. Crabs are provided.
- the surface on which the external electrode is provided can be selected according to circumstances in other processes.
- the surface on which external electrodes are provided can be selected in consideration of space and arrangement. As a result, it is possible to improve the efficiency of the manufacturing operation and the response when configuring the circuit. Further, the efficiency can be further increased by providing the U-shaped electrode by the output electrode and its external electrode.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a piezoelectric transformer according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- PZT lead zirconate titanate
- Ag silver
- the piezoelectric transformer of the present invention is not limited to a material, but may be made of another piezoelectric material such as barium titanate (BaTiO).
- Electrodes such as platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), gold (Au), nickel (Ni) or copper (Cu) can also be used as electrodes for the piezoelectric body.
- an input section 3 in which input electrodes 2 are laminated is provided, and a piezoelectric body between the input electrodes is polarized in a thickness direction.
- An output section 4a and an output section 5a are provided on both sides of the input section 3 along the longitudinal direction of the piezoelectric transformer 1, and the output section 4a and the output section 5a are in the same direction along the longitudinal direction. P direction and P
- Polarization is performed in two directions.
- the piezoelectric transformer in which the output section is polarized in the opposite direction along the longitudinal direction, the voltages generated at the two output electrodes are in phase, and no current flows through the load connected between the output electrodes. Even when a cold cathode tube is connected between output electrodes at both ends of the piezoelectric transformer, the cold cathode tube does not light. Therefore, the piezoelectric transformer whose output section is polarized in the opposite direction is Two cold cathode tubes are connected in series between the output electrodes on both ends and GND. If + V voltage is applied to the output electrode when one cold cathode tube is connected, 2 out
- the power loss due to the parasitic capacitance between the board and the housing is four times that of a single board.
- the cold cathode tubes can be turned on by connecting two cold cathode tubes in series between the output electrodes at both ends. In this case, if a voltage of + V is applied to one output electrode, the other output out
- a voltage of opposite phase V is applied to the electrodes, and as a result, a 2V out-out voltage is applied to the two cold cathode tubes.
- the potential difference with respect to GND remains at V, the LCD panel out
- the power loss due to the parasitic capacitance of the backlight reflector and the housing can be suppressed to twice that of a single cold-cathode tube.
- a general Rosen-type piezoelectric transformer applies a V tube voltage to a lamp.
- the output impedance of a piezoelectric transformer whose output section is polarized in the same direction is given by f as the frequency and C as the capacitance of one output.
- the output electrode 6a is provided on the longitudinal end face of the output section 4a, and the output electrode 7a is provided on the longitudinal end face of the output section 5a. , On one side.
- the boost ratio can be increased. Since the structure of the output electrode can be simplified, the residual stress in the peripheral portion of the output electrode can be reduced.
- An external electrode 8 connected to the input electrode 2 is provided on a side surface of the piezoelectric transformer 1.
- the piezoelectric transformer 1 shown in FIG. 1 has a total length L in the longitudinal direction and a length L in the longitudinal direction of the input portion, where L / L is a value of 0.1 to 0.5.
- the efficiency of the piezoelectric transformer according to the present invention can be maintained at a high level of about 94% to 96%.
- the power consumption can be reduced when used for electric equipment, and the demand for the battery can be prolonged when used for a notebook computer.
- heat generation can be suppressed, the reliability of the function of the piezoelectric transformer itself can be improved, and heat generation can be prevented from adversely affecting peripheral elements or devices.
- two cold-cathode tubes which serve as knock lights for a liquid crystal panel, are connected, they can be incorporated as a more efficient inverter in the lighting drive circuit that suppresses power loss due to parasitic capacitance. .
- the yield can be improved in a manufacturing process in which a piezoelectric transformer having a function as designed is easily mass-produced. it can. In addition, it becomes easier to select an optimum value in consideration of a relationship with another characteristic such as a boost ratio.
- a method for manufacturing the piezoelectric transformer according to Example 1 will be described below.
- a green sheet of ⁇ -based ceramics is prepared by extrusion or doctor blade method, and the input electrode is printed by screen printing on the center of one side of this green sheet, and the green sheet of the other green sheet is printed on the other side.
- the input electrode is also printed on the central part in the same manner.
- These piezoelectric sheets are alternately laminated, pressed and fired. After that, cut and polish, input by baking silver
- An external electrode connected to the electrode and an output electrode are provided. At this time, as shown in FIG. 1, every other input electrode is connected to the corresponding external electrode on the side surface of the piezoelectric transformer in the figure.
- polarization processing is performed in the thickness direction of the input section and in the longitudinal direction of the output section.
- the piezoelectric transformer according to the first embodiment is manufactured.
- the efficiency on the vertical axis in FIG. 2 is the pressure having each L / L value.
- the value of L / L is less than 0.1
- FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a piezoelectric transformer according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- PZT lead zirconate titanate
- Ag silver
- the piezoelectric transformer of the present invention is not limited to a material, but may be made of another piezoelectric material such as barium titanate (BaTiO 3).
- Electrodes such as platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), gold (Au), nickel (Ni) or copper (Cu) can also be used as electrodes for the piezoelectric body.
- an input section 3 in which input electrodes 2 are stacked is provided, and a piezoelectric body between the input electrodes is polarized in a thickness direction.
- An output section 4b and an output section 5b are provided on both sides of the input section 3 along the longitudinal direction of the piezoelectric transformer 1, and the output section 4b and the output section 5b are in the same direction along the longitudinal direction. Polarization treatment is performed in the P direction and the P direction.
- Output electrode 6b is provided at the longitudinal end of output section 4b.
- the output electrode 7b is laminated on the inner layer in the thickness direction at the longitudinal end of the force output section 5b. It is provided. Note that the end portion refers to a portion near the end face of the piezoelectric transformer.
- the output electrode of the piezoelectric transformer according to the second embodiment is laminated on the inner layer in the thickness direction of the piezoelectric body at the end of each output section. This further increases the efficiency of the piezoelectric transformer.
- the laminated output electrodes can be printed simultaneously with the printing of the central input electrode in the manufacturing process of the piezoelectric transformer, and there is no need for a step of burning the electrodes on both end surfaces of the piezoelectric body. Thereby, the working efficiency in the manufacturing process can be improved.
- an external electrode connected to the output electrode is required. However, it is possible to provide the external electrode connected to the input electrode after firing the piezoelectric body in one step at the same time.
- An external electrode 8 connected to the input electrode 2 is provided on a side surface of the piezoelectric transformer 1 shown in FIG. 3, and an output electrode 6b and an output electrode 7b are provided on both end surfaces of the piezoelectric transformer 1, respectively.
- the connected external electrode 9b and external electrode 10b are provided.
- the piezoelectric transformer 1 shown in FIG. 3 has a total length L in the longitudinal direction, a longitudinal length L of the input portion, and a longitudinal length L of one of the output electrodes. 4L L)
- the piezoelectric transformer and its electrode length are designed so that Z4L takes a value between 0.1 and 0.5.
- the efficiency of the piezoelectric transformer can be maintained at a high level of about 94% to 96%.
- the power consumption can be kept low.
- heat generation can be suppressed, and the reliability of the functions of the piezoelectric transformer itself and peripheral devices can be improved.
- the yield can be improved in a manufacturing process in which a piezoelectric transformer having a function as designed is easily mass-produced. it can. In addition, it becomes easier to select an optimum value in consideration of a relationship with another characteristic such as a boost ratio.
- a method for manufacturing the piezoelectric transformer according to the second embodiment will be described below.
- a green sheet of PZT ceramics is manufactured by extrusion or doctor blade method, and input and output electrodes are printed on one side of this green sheet by screen printing. Similarly, the input and output electrodes are printed.
- the output electrode is In the completed piezoelectric transformer according to the second embodiment, it is printed by a screen designed to be positioned at both ends in the longitudinal direction. These piezoelectric sheets are alternately laminated, pressed and fired. Thereafter, cutting and polishing are performed, and external electrodes connected to the input and output electrodes are provided by baking silver. At this time, as shown in FIG.
- the input electrodes are connected to the corresponding external electrodes every other layer on the side of the piezoelectric transformer in the figure.
- external electrodes connected to the output electrodes are provided on the side surfaces or end surfaces in the drawing so as to be connected to the output electrodes of all the layers.
- polarization processing is performed in the thickness direction of the input section and the longitudinal direction of the output section.
- the length is changed by changing the length L of the input part with respect to the total length L of the piezoelectric transformer and the length L of one of the output electrodes in the longitudinal direction.
- the conversion efficiency was measured.
- the length of each output electrode in the longitudinal direction is L, and L is the piezoelectric transformer.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating characteristics of the efficiency of a piezoelectric transformer whose output section is polarized in the same direction with respect to a value of (4L L) / 4L. here,
- each piezoelectric transformer has a value of (4L L) / 4L.
- L) / 4L is less than 0.1 and greater than 0.5 for maximum efficiency.
- FIG. 5A is a top view of the piezoelectric transformer according to the third embodiment
- FIG. 5B is a side view of the piezoelectric transformer according to the third embodiment.
- the output electrode 6b and the output electrode 7b which are stacked on the inner layer at both ends in the longitudinal direction of the stacked input electrode 2 and the piezoelectric transformer, are connected to the piezoelectric transformer. They are connected to the external electrodes 8, 9c and 10c on specific sides, respectively.
- Piezoelectric transformer according to Example 3 The method of fabricating the electrodes is the same as that of Example 1 or Example 2, but since it is designed to adopt the above configuration, the process of printing each external electrode as an extraction electrode of the input electrode and the output electrode is performed. In this case, the printing process of the external electrodes can be completed only once by printing once on the specific side surface on which the external electrodes are provided, and the manufacturing process can be simplified and the cost can be reduced.
- the surface on which the external electrodes are provided may be selected in accordance with other process circumstances similar to 1S in which all external electrodes are provided on specific side surfaces.
- the surface on which the external electrodes are provided can be selected in consideration of space and arrangement. As a result, it is possible to improve the efficiency of the manufacturing operation and improve the response when configuring the circuit. Further, by providing the U-shaped electrode by the output electrode and its external electrode, the efficiency can be further increased.
- a piezoelectric transformer operating in the 3 ⁇ 2 mode can similarly obtain a high efficiency stably (4L L).
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a piezoelectric transformer according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a piezoelectric transformer according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- FIG. 5A is a top view of a piezoelectric transformer according to a third embodiment.
- (B) A side view of the piezoelectric transformer according to the third embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a conventional general Rosen-type piezoelectric transformer.
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Abstract
Description
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Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2005514404A JP4705472B2 (ja) | 2003-09-30 | 2004-09-24 | 圧電トランス |
US10/573,295 US7355326B2 (en) | 2003-09-30 | 2004-09-24 | Piezoelectric transformer |
CN2004800270467A CN1853286B (zh) | 2003-09-30 | 2004-09-24 | 压电变压器 |
EP04788066A EP1672710B1 (en) | 2003-09-30 | 2004-09-24 | Piezoelectric transformer |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2003341981 | 2003-09-30 | ||
JP2003-341981 | 2003-09-30 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2005034257A1 true WO2005034257A1 (ja) | 2005-04-14 |
Family
ID=34419251
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/JP2004/013907 WO2005034257A1 (ja) | 2003-09-30 | 2004-09-24 | 圧電トランス |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7355326B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1672710B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4705472B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR20060085620A (ja) |
CN (1) | CN1853286B (ja) |
TW (1) | TWI345322B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2005034257A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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DE102015117106A1 (de) | 2015-10-07 | 2017-04-13 | Epcos Ag | Piezoelektrischer Transformator |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2000150981A (ja) | 1998-11-18 | 2000-05-30 | Taiyo Yuden Co Ltd | 圧電トランス |
JP3119154B2 (ja) | 1995-07-06 | 2000-12-18 | 日立金属株式会社 | 圧電トランス及びそれを用いた電力変換装置 |
JP2002280631A (ja) | 2001-03-15 | 2002-09-27 | Hitachi Metals Ltd | 圧電トランス |
JP2002305332A (ja) | 2001-04-05 | 2002-10-18 | Daishinku Corp | 圧電トランス |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
TW387157B (en) * | 1996-01-30 | 2000-04-11 | Tokin Corp | Piezoelectric transformer |
TW420883B (en) * | 1996-02-08 | 2001-02-01 | Tokin Corp | A piezoelectric transformer |
JP3551078B2 (ja) * | 1999-05-12 | 2004-08-04 | 松下電器産業株式会社 | 積層型圧電トランスとこれを用いた電子機器 |
US6433458B2 (en) * | 2000-04-27 | 2002-08-13 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Method and unit for driving piezoelectric transformer used for controlling luminance of cold-cathode tube |
US6362560B1 (en) * | 2001-01-04 | 2002-03-26 | Meng-Chang Yang | Multi-layer piezoelectric center-drive ceramic transformer |
-
2004
- 2004-09-24 EP EP04788066A patent/EP1672710B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-09-24 US US10/573,295 patent/US7355326B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-09-24 JP JP2005514404A patent/JP4705472B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-09-24 CN CN2004800270467A patent/CN1853286B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-09-24 KR KR1020067004934A patent/KR20060085620A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2004-09-24 WO PCT/JP2004/013907 patent/WO2005034257A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2004-09-27 TW TW093129208A patent/TWI345322B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP3119154B2 (ja) | 1995-07-06 | 2000-12-18 | 日立金属株式会社 | 圧電トランス及びそれを用いた電力変換装置 |
JP2000150981A (ja) | 1998-11-18 | 2000-05-30 | Taiyo Yuden Co Ltd | 圧電トランス |
JP2002280631A (ja) | 2001-03-15 | 2002-09-27 | Hitachi Metals Ltd | 圧電トランス |
JP2002305332A (ja) | 2001-04-05 | 2002-10-18 | Daishinku Corp | 圧電トランス |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See also references of EP1672710A4 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US7355326B2 (en) | 2008-04-08 |
CN1853286A (zh) | 2006-10-25 |
JPWO2005034257A1 (ja) | 2007-11-22 |
EP1672710A1 (en) | 2006-06-21 |
EP1672710A4 (en) | 2008-03-19 |
CN1853286B (zh) | 2012-04-04 |
KR20060085620A (ko) | 2006-07-27 |
TW200515627A (en) | 2005-05-01 |
US20070001554A1 (en) | 2007-01-04 |
EP1672710B1 (en) | 2011-11-09 |
JP4705472B2 (ja) | 2011-06-22 |
TWI345322B (en) | 2011-07-11 |
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