WO2005010842A1 - Procede et dispositif de detection de sources d'infrarouge - Google Patents

Procede et dispositif de detection de sources d'infrarouge Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2005010842A1
WO2005010842A1 PCT/CN2004/000857 CN2004000857W WO2005010842A1 WO 2005010842 A1 WO2005010842 A1 WO 2005010842A1 CN 2004000857 W CN2004000857 W CN 2004000857W WO 2005010842 A1 WO2005010842 A1 WO 2005010842A1
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Prior art keywords
infrared
detector
source
heat source
coordinate
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PCT/CN2004/000857
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English (en)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
Wei Chen
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Wei Chen
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Publication of WO2005010842A1 publication Critical patent/WO2005010842A1/fr

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
    • G08B17/12—Actuation by presence of radiation or particles, e.g. of infrared radiation or of ions
    • G08B17/125—Actuation by presence of radiation or particles, e.g. of infrared radiation or of ions by using a video camera to detect fire or smoke

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for detecting and quantifying a heat source generated in a detection area, which is mainly applied in an environment requiring fire protection, technical defense, or the like, and particularly to a method for detecting an infrared source.
  • the dot-matrix imaging chip is mainly used in the visible light area, such as cameras and other devices as image-sensing imaging devices, and its application outside the visible light band has rarely been reported.
  • the sensitive devices used in this type of technology usually use pyroelectric devices to complete the main detection work.
  • fire detectors commonly used in the world mainly use point detectors, which means that the detector only detects the environmental parameters of its installation point.
  • the detection content of fire detectors mainly includes temperature and smoke.
  • the detection method is based on the data measured at the detector installation point. It can reflect "yes” or "no". Although there are fire detectors in analog mode, they are only installed on the detector.
  • Smoke detector Whether there is smoke in the monitored area, and a small area of smoke concentration around the monitoring point.
  • Temperature sensor Monitor the temperature change of the monitoring point, and whether there is a sudden temperature rise in a small area around the monitoring point. All current detectors cannot provide further information on the specific location of the fire, the development trend of the fire, the distribution of multiple fires, and so on. Since the entire building will be full of smoke when a fire occurs, almost all smoke detectors will alarm at this time, which is seriously different from the actual ignition point.
  • a dot matrix photosensitive imaging chip is used to detect an infrared source for detecting the environment (the so-called infrared source refers to a person who can autonomously emit infrared radiation, and mainly refers to people, animals, etc. in the field of technical defense).
  • smoke detectors or temperature detectors are usually used to detect possible fires that may occur.
  • the invention uses near-, mid-infrared-band dot-matrix imaging and analysis technology to detect the occurrence and development of fires (generally, heat sources that may cause fires emit thermal radiation in near infrared or mid-infrared bands).
  • the purpose of the present invention is to solve the shortcomings of the prior art by providing an electronic imaging scan (or "gaze") of a specified infrared band and infrared imaging of a monitoring area, and intelligent analysis of an infrared heat source spot.
  • Technology which can objectively reflect whether a fire or pre-fire occurs in the monitored area, and provide accurate heat source locations and heat source changes according to coordinates, a method for accurately detecting whether there is a fire trend or not.
  • a first aspect of the present invention provides a device for detecting an infrared source, which includes a detector and a main controller, wherein the detector includes a dot-matrix photosensitive imaging chip, a filter, and an optical lens combination. And a microprocessor; the photosensitive imaging chip is configured to sense an infrared source in the environment detected by the detector to form an infrared source thermal image, and convert the infrared source thermal image into a step difference Electrical signals, the optical lens combination is embedded or configured in front of the photosensitive imaging chip, and its output end is connected to the microprocessor.
  • the filter can be matched with filters with different wavelengths according to the needs, and the filter can narrow the detection range of the detector to the range of infrared radiation of the specified filter bandwidth.
  • the microprocessor scans the thermal image of the infrared source induced on the photosensitive imaging chip, records the bright spots that have been photosensitive, and makes different brightness levels correspond to different temperature levels.
  • the optical imaging lens combination includes a combination of an optical imaging lens and a filter, or an optical imaging lens having a filter function.
  • the filters with different wavelengths may be 0.78 to 8 ⁇ m wavelength filters for fire detectors or 8 to 12 ⁇ m wavelength filters for technical defense detectors.
  • the microprocessor may be a DSP processor or a CPU.
  • the photosensitive imaging chip may be a CMOS imaging chip, a CCD imaging chip, a focal plane infrared photosensitive imaging chip, or a dot matrix imaging chip with an imaging bandwidth selection capability, for example, having near-infrared, mid-infrared In the far-infrared band with a narrow bandwidth or a specified band width imaging imaging chip, there is no need to configure a filter to select and limit the imaging bandwidth and area under this condition.
  • the second aspect of the present invention provides a method for detecting an infrared source.
  • the specific steps are as follows:
  • the pre-selected filter and optical lens combination in the detector can filter visible light sources in the environment, filter out obvious useless information, and narrow the detection range to a specified light band.
  • Infrared radiation that passes the filter bandwidth conditions will be able to pass through the filter to the imaging chip.
  • the photosensitive chip images the filtered infrared light into an infrared source thermal image, and converts the infrared source thermal image into an electrical signal having a step difference, and the electrical signal is represented by a potential (charge) difference.
  • Storage in the form, and the microprocessor in the detector reads and processes the storage result.
  • the detector has basically filtered out the information in the non-detection band
  • the information that can reach the photosensitive chip on the imaging chip is basically the specified band information that needs to be detected.
  • the processor It is installed behind the filter combination.
  • the above-mentioned photosensitivity information can be transmitted through the filter combination to generate photometric data of a specific wavelength. Therefore, the photosensitized data indicates that an infrared heat source exists at the monitored site.
  • the preset infrared source or related infrared source data are input into an environmental infrared source database of the detector in a preset way.
  • an infrared heat source you need to tell the system which allowed infrared heat sources (ie, safe infrared heat sources). This requires the specific location of the allowed infrared sources to be entered into the system in advance and stored in the ambient infrared source database.
  • the above preset data can be adjusted and changed at any time according to the actual situation, or it can be read and stored by the detector in the preset state.
  • the processor retrieves the infrared source information on the imaging chip, it refers to the preset normal infrared source record data and compares the actual measured infrared source data with the known infrared heat source location and equivalent in the ambient infrared source database.
  • the comparison parameters are inconsistent or some of them exceed the standard, the infrared heat source is regarded as a dangerous infrared source and an alarm message is issued; when the comparison is found to match the preset data in the database, it indicates that the infrared source is allowed to exist.
  • the detector only completes the "gazing" to the above infrared source. The system will treat the above data as normal data and will not alarm. Through the above comparison, the detector can identify the preset infrared heat source and the non-preset infrared heat source, and at the same time can identify the danger level of infrared sources through equivalent analysis.
  • the processor will refer to a specific database to locate the infrared heat source (the location of the specific infrared heat source), quantitative (the size of the infrared heat source), and qualitatively (the development trend of the infrared heat source, and determine whether Make conclusions for hazardous infrared heat sources).
  • the specific database described therein can select one or more different databases according to specific requirements.
  • the system can obtain the location and equivalent of the infrared heat source (equivalent to the spot area of the infrared heat source multiplied by the predictable temperature of the infrared heat source, it expresses the total power of the monitored infrared heat source and A number of direct parameters such as the degree of danger.), Coordinates, etc.
  • a number of indirect parameters such as the development trend of the infrared source, the overall distribution of the infrared source, the temperature rise curve of the monitored space, the remaining survival time of the detector, and the final state can be obtained.
  • Fire formation provides a wealth of reference data, but with different application environments, the analysis formula needs some basic conditions as reference data:
  • the default parameter database is a preset default value according to the environment to be detected. It is used to store reference parameters related to the operating state of the detector itself, and all reference parameters of the application environment are recorded in this database at the same time. For example, the installation position of the detector in the overall layout, the installation perspective of the detector, the working time of the detector, the Detection range, vertical installation distance of the detector, cleanliness of the application environment of the detector, etc. The above parameters can be changed as the application environment changes.
  • any of the above default values or parameters can also be changed manually.
  • Coordinate mode database refers to the data in the default parameter database using the Cartesian coordinate positioning principle. Usually, the first data reading point of the imaging chip X, Y axis corresponds to the coordinate origin, and the imaging chip Z axis One row of imaging units is the starting point of the Z axis, and the imaging chip X axis is one row of imaging units.
  • the infrared source is provided in two modes: dynamic coordinate positioning and static coordinate positioning. The precise location of the infrared heat source is determined by the specific value of the detected spot of the infrared heat source in coordinates.
  • the coordinate mode database refers to the data in the default parameter data, and provides algorithms of two types of coordinate modes, dynamic embedded coordinates and static coordinates, and an infrared heat source light spot measurement (the infrared heat source light spot refers to the infrared heat source image reflected on the imaging chip of the detector. Because the main focus of this detector is the outer edge and temperature of the infrared heat source, the processing software only detects the basic shape of the infrared heat source and does not describe the internal details. Therefore, when the on-site infrared heat source is restored, it only reflects the spot similar to the scene. Plane position.
  • the inter-axis distance of each Z axis and the inter-axis distance of each X axis in the static coordinate database are fixed, and the value of the inter-axis distance ranges from 1 mm to 1000 mm. 1 mm step is continuously adjustable. After the infrared source spot is detected, the coordinate value of the spot relative to the far end of the origin is subtracted from the coordinate value of the near end relative to the origin.
  • the numerical result is the diameter of the infrared spot, and the infrared spot coordinate value of the outer edge relative to the end of the Z axis is reduced
  • the infrared spot coordinate value on the side relative to the starting point of the Z axis is the width of the infrared spot of the infrared spot;
  • the infrared spot coordinate value on the outer edge of the side relative to the X axis end point minus the infrared spot coordinate value on the X axis starting side is the infrared
  • the width of the X-axis of the light spot, and the various data can reflect the specific position of the infrared spot in the detected area and the size of the infrared spot.
  • the initial setting of the coordinates or the coordinate interval can be manually set.
  • dynamic mode coordinates the spacing of the coordinates is dynamic.
  • the coordinate interval of the dynamic mode is automatically set, that is, the end point and the start point coordinates are directly created.
  • the coordinate interval in the dynamic mode is automatically set to directly create the X-axis and Y-axis end and start coordinates according to the outer edge of the infrared spot.
  • the detector finds the infrared heat source spot, it will detect the outer edge diameter of the infrared heat source image and use the The spot diameter of the infrared heat source was used as the coordinate interval to directly locate the outer edge of the infrared heat source.
  • the method is to use the plane rectangular coordinate positioning method when the infrared heat source spot is found. First, create the minimum coordinate interval (select the minimum diameter of the infrared heat source spot between the X and Y axes and create an initial coordinate interval at an interval of 1/2 of the minimum diameter.
  • the detector finds multiple infrared heat source light spots, the smallest infrared heat source light spot that is found is used as the coordinate interval, so that all infrared heat source light spots can also be briefly described. And the size and position of the infrared heat source spot can be displayed directly in the system, so the positioning of the infrared heat source using the dynamic coordinate method is faster.
  • the system automatically uses dynamic coordinates as the default coordinate database, and the above coordinate database can manually switch between dynamic and static coordinates.
  • the optical combination will generate an error during the imaging reduction process, the error will increase proportionally with the expansion of the detection area. Its numerical range needs to be defined, and the origin of the coordinates also needs to be defined in the plane, so it can be manually or defaulted. Value calibration This step mainly completes the above definitions and definitions.
  • the coordinate distance can be manually set.
  • the detector needs some special coordinate methods to meet the special needs of the detector.
  • the system needs to link the coordinates with the actual environment after generating the coordinates. This requires manual or Default coordinate parameter calibration.
  • This detector is mainly to define the origin of the coordinates, the identification point, the beacon point, the perimeter point and the line. Only the precise definition of the above parameters can accurately describe the position of the infrared heat source spot. Location and size.
  • the detector In fire monitoring and detection, the detector often needs to know the heating value and total power of the infrared source, which requires a way to define, the equivalent is the area of the infrared heat source spot multiplied by the predictable temperature of the infrared heat source, in the above scalar
  • the spot area of the infrared heat source can be obtained directly on the imaging chip.
  • the reflection of the temperature on the imaging chip is the imaging brightness.
  • the temperature of the infrared heat source rises, its wavelength will be shortened, so that the infrared heat source presented on the imaging chip of the detector
  • the light spot will tend to be bright, and the detector divides the brightness of the imaging chip in a detectable range into multiple levels.
  • the product of multiplying the brightness of each current level by the spot area of the infrared heat source is equivalent, which expresses the total power and danger level of the monitored infrared heat source.
  • the development trend of the infrared heat source is analyzed, that is, the analysis of the change of the infrared source with time.
  • the specific development trend analysis is determined by the change rate of the infrared heat source equivalent per unit time.
  • the above-mentioned changes in the equivalent can be divided into three cases: equivalent increase, equivalent maintenance, and equivalent decrease, and then divided into several different danger levels according to the rate of equivalent increase or decrease. For example, if the infrared heat source equivalence per unit time is increasing and increasing rapidly, it is regarded as a higher level of dangerous equivalence, and if it changes slowly, it is regarded as a less dangerous level.
  • the infrared heat source equivalent is reduced and the rate of decrease is fast, the infrared heat source is regarded as a very low level of danger. If the infrared heat source equivalent is constant and maintained in a unit time, the infrared heat source As a controlled infrared heat source, its danger level is very low. If the infrared heat source equivalent is reduced per unit time and its decreasing speed is very slow, its infrared heat source is regarded as the next lowest danger level. In short, this level of danger depends on the type of equivalence and the rate of change. The system can default or manually set a threshold for the danger level. When the danger level exceeds this threshold, a danger alert message will be issued.
  • the detector monitors the change of the infrared heat source spot at any time through the position of the infrared heat source spot on the coordinates.
  • the change in the number of coordinates occupied by the infrared heat source spot within a unit time represents the ratio of the expansion or contraction of the infrared source.
  • the ratio is calculated by extrapolation.
  • the development trend of infrared sources will be obtained, that is, the trend of fire development. These trends can be described as numbers or curves.
  • the threshold of this level can be reset according to the application environment, for example, if the detection The environment detected by the device is a flammable or explosive dangerous environment, and the level can be set lower than the level set under the same conditions in the general environment.
  • the above-mentioned correction of the equivalent measurement error can be realized by software correction.
  • the process is that during the installation and use, the processor will automatically compensate and correct the output results according to the environmental parameters and error correction parameters input in advance.
  • Result output step-This step is to input the results from the equivalence and trend analysis steps to the main controller, which drives the corresponding fire extinguishing equipment and transmits relevant information to the fire department.
  • the detector can automatically select a transmission protocol that conforms to the main control system for transmission.
  • the transmission protocol may be a conventional transmission protocol between a conventional detector and a main controller, or a preset transmission protocol that is already embedded in the detector and matches the corresponding main controller.
  • the detector may manually initiate a transmission protocol corresponding to the main control system for transmission.
  • the present invention mainly solves the problem that A and fire detectors can perform qualitative and quantitative detection on the infrared heat source of the monitored environment. After using the present invention, the heat source generated in the monitored area can be detected, and the size of the heat source can be judged. Plane position. B. Can judge the movement and development trend of the heat source according to the detection results, can judge the total power of the heat source, can provide an accurate map of the heat source, and provide a basis for accurately determining whether there is a fire. C. After replacing the 8 ⁇ 12um filter, it can detect the existence and movement of people or animals, and can analyze and judge the person or animal from the infrared heat map; it can locate the invading person or animal. It can be applied to intrusion alarms and perimeter alarms in the field of technical prevention.
  • the detector or monitoring device obtained by the method for detecting the thermal image of an infrared source described in the present invention When the detector or monitoring device obtained by the method for detecting the thermal image of an infrared source described in the present invention is applied to a fire detector, it has advantages compared with the prior art-the existing detector mainly detects the detector installation Whether there is an object to be detected, for example, a smoke detection detector can only be detected when smoke passes through the detector.
  • New technology monitors by scanning Area, to detect the presence of infrared heat sources, as long as the infrared heat source appears within the sight line of the detector, it can be detected. Because the infrared heat source is detected by the "line of sight" method, its method simulates human observation and can objectively reflect whether the entire monitored area generates infrared Heat source.
  • Existing products can only detect the temperature at the installation point of the detector, and cannot provide detection for the regional monitoring range.
  • the detector provides basic parameters such as the position, size, and development trend of the infrared heat source by detecting the diameter of the infrared heat source and the coordinates of the infrared heat source.
  • the above parameters are processed by the computer to provide managers with a more accurate basis for judgment, which can effectively reduce false alarms. .
  • Existing detectors can only provide "yes” or "no", and cannot provide further data.
  • the temperature is proportional to the "brightness" of the detector.
  • the detector adopting the technology of the present invention uses an active method to detect the infrared heat source.
  • the detection process uses a "visual" method to detect the infrared radiation source, which can realize long-distance detection and isolation detection. It can be easily installed and used in explosion-proof or other similar special environments. .
  • the existing technology does not have the capability of long-distance detection, and it is difficult to prevent explosion.
  • the detector filter After replacing the detector filter with a range of 8 ⁇ 12um, it can detect the infrared heat source generated by the human body with the special CCD photosensitive imaging chip or focal plane imaging chip, and the same technology can be used to produce 25 ⁇ 50 ° C. Objects can be detected and located, the size of the intrusion source and the infrared map can be detected, and the specific coordinates of the infrared heat source can be provided.
  • pyroelectric tubes are used as sensing devices, which can only detect "yes” or "no", and cannot provide further information.
  • the invention can use software to divide the management area on the image coordinates of the detector, and the technology is very suitable for delimiting the monitoring area in the open space.
  • the existing technology can only be used in a closed space, and it cannot provide all information except "yes” or "no" in the monitoring area. Nor can it be used in an open area.
  • the monitoring range can be demarcated by marking the regional monitoring range, and the detector can be set to complete different monitoring by setting time windows in different time periods region.
  • the implementation is as follows: 1. When the detector communicates with the main controller regularly, it will obtain real-time time, and query the database corresponding to different time according to the time, so as to know the management coordinate range of different time. 2. Permanently set some unmanaged coordinate sections. The infrared heat sources found by the detector in the above coordinate sections will not be processed.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the detection and monitoring area of the detector
  • FIG. 2 is a flowchart of the DSP processor processing program
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of detecting and positioning the infrared heat source by the detector
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an infrared detector
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the installation position of the detector in Embodiment 1;
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the installation position of the detector of the second embodiment.
  • Figure 4 shows a device for detecting thermal images of an infrared source according to the present invention.
  • the device includes a dot-matrix photosensitive imaging chip and filters of different wavelengths that are selected and matched according to certain needs.
  • the detector shown in FIG. 4 includes a dot matrix photosensitive imaging chip, a filter, an optical lens combination and a microprocessor.
  • the dot matrix photosensitive imaging chip is provided with the aforementioned optical lens combination, and its output end is connected with A microprocessor is connected.
  • the filter can be matched with filters with different wavelengths according to the needs. After filtering, the detection range can be narrowed to the specified light range. Here we choose to use the specified filter bandwidth conditions. Filter for infrared radiation light.
  • the dot-matrix photosensitive imaging chip is used for sensing infrared heat source images in an application environment, and its output end is connected to a microprocessor.
  • the microprocessor scans the infrared heat source image on the photosensitive imaging chip to light-sensitive bright spots. Record it.
  • the brightness of the light-sensing dot can be recorded in 128 gray levels, which corresponds to the temperature level.
  • the dot matrix here is
  • the image chip can adopt CMOS, CCD or focal plane photosensitive imaging chip.
  • the optical lens combination may include a combination of an optical imaging lens and a filter or an optical imaging lens having a filter function.
  • the filters with different wavelengths may be 0.78 to 8 ⁇ m wavelength filters for fire detectors or 8 to 12 ⁇ m wavelength filters for technical defense detectors.
  • the microprocessor may be a DSP processor or a CPU.
  • This embodiment is a detector for detecting and locating infrared targets in the near-infrared to mid-infrared band by using the extended photosensitive characteristics of a dot-matrix imaging chip in the near-infrared and mid-infrared bands.
  • the detector is mainly used in fire protection, technology Environmental protection or similar requirements.
  • the detector described in this embodiment we choose to detect wavelengths between about 0.8 and 1.5 nm. Infrared heat source information, this wavelength band can be photosensitive on a general CCD or CMOS imaging chip. As we all know, the main working band of CMOS or CCD photosensitive imaging chip is in the visible light band. According to the optical principle, we know that the infrared source to be detected belongs to the near-infrared source. The spectral range generated by the fire involves infrared, visible light, and ultraviolet bands.
  • the range of the radiation spectrum generated by the lighting source and household electrical equipment is also within our detection range, so our design idea is to use a filter to filter out all light sources in the visible light band, mainly through the filter to be greater than and less than 0.8 ⁇
  • the information in the 1.5um wavelength range is filtered by a filter, so that only the infrared heat source information in the wavelength range of 0.8 ⁇ 1.5um can reach the photosensitive imaging chip on the CMOS or CCD photosensitive imaging chip. Because this specific wavelength range filter can be used, Filter out the visible light and the light sources we don't need. At this time, if the infrared heat source of the monitored band appears in the scanning range of the detector, it is as clear as watching a luminous body in the dark.
  • the filter it is impossible for the filter to remove all the interference sources, but because the filter has a high bandwidth selectivity, compared to the information in other bands, the information of the wavelength of 0.8 ⁇ 1.5um will be highlighted, and we can very easily It can recognize them in a stable manner, and general CCD dot matrix imaging chips, CMOS dot matrix imaging chips, focal plane imaging chips and other dot matrix imaging chips in the above-mentioned bands can stably image.
  • the detector In order for the detector to accurately measure the infrared heat source and conditions in the monitored area, the detector needs to be parameterized and calibrated:
  • A. Setting method of measurement area vertical distance between the installation point of the detector and the ground and monitoring of the detector
  • Area calibration Since the present invention can be installed in any different space, when the detection environment is different, for example, the map generated by a heat source with a diameter of 1 square meter is 3 meters away from the detector and 15 meters away. Similarly, in order to ensure that the infrared image detected at each physical location is consistent with the actual situation, the installation space position of the detector must be calibrated and memorized. The process is to manually enter the vertical height and monitoring area after the detector is installed. You can also use a beacon (a signal generator that can emit the same signal source as the infrared source received by the detector) to identify the monitoring area.
  • a beacon a signal generator that can emit the same signal source as the infrared source received by the detector
  • the detector will calculate the monitoring area based on the vertical distance and the beacon distance (as shown in Figure 3, etc.
  • the bottom side of the waist triangle is the monitoring area, or the four corners can be marked with a beacon as shown in Figure 1, and the closed area formed by the four corners is the monitoring area).
  • the system has the ability to download a polygonal monitoring area from the main controller to the detector.
  • the polygon monitoring area is mainly constructed by describing coordinate points of.
  • the correction formula is: ⁇ [l + (kG / nY) 2] l / 2X— X ⁇ , where: ⁇ —equivalent to the center imaging distance G; k—k-th equal to the center imaging distance G (starting from the center point); G—the center imaging distance; Y—photosensitive The distance between the imaging chip and the center focus of the optical lens group; X—the vertical distance from the center of the optical lens imaging focus to the ground.
  • the calculation formula for the constant infrared heat source of the area corresponding to a single pixel is: The area of the pixel where the red and Xi heat sources are reflected is a large multiple of ⁇ .
  • the pixel area formula is: the length of the center point of the ordinate x the length of the center point of the abscissa.
  • the actual infrared heat source calculation formula is: The area of the infrared heat source image on the pixel X magnification.
  • the pixel area formula is: the length of the center point of the ordinate x the length of the center point of the abscissa.
  • the graphic reference data corresponding to the minimum set point is when a 140-degree optical lens is used, a 10 cm diameter image is 25 cm away from the lens on the CMOS chip.
  • the number of pixels corresponding to the above expression is the minimum level, the target diameter increases by one level every 10cm, and so on.
  • the invention uses a dynamic method for coordinate embedding: when the detector does not detect the required infrared source, the detector will scan at the minimum coordinate interval, and the detector does not need to perform external data transmission; when the required infrared heat source is found The detector will use the 1/2 distance of the infrared heat source diameter to embed the coordinates. When multiple infrared heat sources are found, the infrared heat source will be described by the coordinate interval corresponding to the minimum infrared source diameter 1/2.
  • D. Memory location and calibration of heat source Generally, there are some fixed infrared heat sources in industrial or civil environments, such as gas stoves, heaters and other devices. These devices will emit infrared heat sources close to or consistent with the sensitive wavelength of the detector. For the infrared heat source of the device, we mainly use the memory method of the fixed infrared heat source device to detect and identify whether it is normal use. In addition, the mobile infrared heat source is detected and identified by means of equivalent analysis (such as irons, hot pots, etc.) .
  • the main process is to mark and download the infrared heat source position point coordinates and equivalent parameters in the monitoring area of the detector when the detector is installed, or turn on the fixed infrared heat source device after the detector installation is completed, and let the detector remember .
  • the main way to identify the mobile infrared heat source is relatively simple. When the infrared heat source is found on the move, its heat source is straight. The diameter generally does not change, and the temperature changes slowly. When an infrared heat source appears at a non-memory point, it does not generate a progressive expansion, and an infrared heat source with a relatively stable heating value can be defined as an artificial mobile infrared heat source.
  • the memorized fixed infrared heat source device will be written into the image file of the main controller. Modifying the image file of the main controller will change the memory position of the infrared heat source by the detector.
  • CMOS imaging chips and CCD imaging chips are used as detectors in the near-infrared band, there are almost no detectors, so the application technology and mechanism are explained:
  • the design photosensitive wavelength of CMOS imaging chip and CCD imaging chip exceeds the visible wavelength Especially in the low end, it can generally reach or exceed the near-infrared band.
  • common digital video cameras or cameras can take photos in the near-infrared or even mid-infrared band (filtering is used to filter the unnecessary bands). Due to the production process Different, the wavelength range that the photosensitive imaging chip produced by each enterprise can extend in the infrared band is different, but basically it can extend to the near-infrared band.
  • its main detection temperature can be set at An infrared source between 250 ° C and 350 ° C. This temperature belongs to the temperature of the "burn-in" stage. Of course, the open flame naturally also contains the infrared spectrum. It can be known from Wien's displacement law that the wavelength of the infrared source that we need to detect between 250 ° C and 350 ° C is between 5.6 and 4.5 um, and the frequency of the frequency doubling radiation covers between visible light and 7 um. 0.8 ⁇ L5um infrared information can analyze whether there is hidden danger of fire.
  • the detector reads the data of the photosensitive chip.
  • the task of filtering out visible light and narrowing the detection range to a specified band is mainly completed.
  • the infrared light that meets the passing conditions (infrared light in the specified band) can pass through
  • the optical combination reaches the dot matrix photosensitive unit on the imaging chip (such as a CCD imaging chip, a CMOS imaging chip, a focal plane photosensitive chip, and the like) in the active device.
  • the dot matrix photosensitive unit receives the infrared light and It is converted into an electrical signal with a step difference.
  • the electrical signal is stored on the imaging unit in the form of a potential (charge) difference.
  • the processor continuously reads the potential (charge) difference in the order of the dot matrix and sends the data to the processor's memory. After the special program is processed, the infrared heat source image of the specified band in the scene can be reproduced.
  • the detector refers to the ambient infrared database to determine whether the detected infrared source is available. Dangerous infrared source. Due to the existence of a large amount of infrared heat source information in daily life, even if the detector has reduced the range of detecting infrared bands, there will still be a lot of infrared heat source information that is consistent with the detection band of the detector will enter the detection window of the detector. For example, electric stoves, hair dryers, cigarette fires, gas stoves, burning matches, lighters, etc. The infrared heat source information emitted by the above devices is basically the same as the information band received by the detector. How to identify the above information is very important.
  • the infrared heat source at the monitored site is entered into the sensor's database by a preset method (for example, a stove, infrared heater, etc.).
  • a preset method for example, a stove, infrared heater, etc.
  • the processor retrieves the infrared heat source information on the imaging chip, the actual infrared
  • the source data is compared with the known infrared source position and equivalent in the ambient infrared source database. When the comparison parameters are inconsistent or some of them exceed the standard, the infrared source is regarded as a dangerous infrared source and an alarm message is issued.
  • the comparison finds that it matches the preset data in the ambient infrared source database, it indicates that the infrared source is a controlled and safe infrared source that is allowed to exist.
  • the detector only finishes "gazing" on the infrared source.
  • the above data are normal data and will not alarm. Therefore, when the preset infrared heat source's equivalent weight exceeds the standard, the detector can consider that a fire has occurred; but assuming an uncalibrated infrared heat source whose development trend is constant and the equivalent is showing a constant or decreasing state, The detector can judge that the heat source is not dangerous.
  • the detector When the identified infrared source is identified as a dangerous infrared source, the detector will analyze it in detail, and the following specific default parameter database, coordinate mode database and equivalent and trend analysis database will be used in the analysis.
  • the system default value in the application environment default parameter database is better when the application environment is between 20 X ⁇ + 60 ° C, the installation height is less than 4 meters, and the monitoring area is less than 60 square meters. If the detection environment is not within the above conditions, you need to manually reset it according to the specific environmental conditions. All the reference parameters describing the application environment will be recorded in the default parameter database. The above parameters can be changed manually or automatically as the usage environment changes, such as the position of the detector in the overall layout, the reference coefficient of the temperature rise curve and the environment.
  • the detector needs to identify the precise location of the infrared heat source, this requires the sensor to know its specific installation position and height.
  • a "self-learning" function set by the sensor to "recognize” its own position through manual or automatic calibration, By marking the spatial position of the sensor in a three-dimensional state identification database, the sensor can accurately calculate the infrared The location and size of the heat source on the plane.
  • the default values can be used to identify the parameters, and when detecting large spaces, you need to enter the boundary parameters and coordinate parameters of the detection space.
  • the default coordinate mode database in the system is a dynamic coordinate mode database
  • a dynamic coordinate system will be configured in this project.
  • the coordinate interval of this system is dynamic. In the standard inspection state, it will scan at the minimum interval, and in the absence of When the infrared spot is found, no information is output, which can reduce the amount of data transmitted.
  • the diameter of the discovered infrared spot is 1/2 as the coordinate interval, so that the size of the infrared spot can be directly displayed in the system.
  • the method is to use the plane rectangular coordinate positioning method when the infrared heat source spot is found.
  • the coordinate line smaller than the interval is between the origin and the (Appears between one coordinate line), through the compensation algorithm from the origin to the first coordinate line (calculate the distance between the coordinate starting point to the first coordinate line and the first coordinate line and the second coordinate at 1 mm intervals)
  • the difference between the coordinate lines, the difference is the coordinate position compensation number), and subtracting the coordinate value of the outer edge of the infrared spot from the difference is equal to its exact position.
  • the positioning method using dynamic coordinates is fast, but the calculation of the size of the infrared source is only a description of the outer edge. It does not use a static coordinate database to calculate accurately. At this time, you can use manual settings to switch it to static coordinate data to accurately locate and calculate the detected infrared source.
  • the distance between each axis of the Y axis and the distance between each axis of the X axis in the static coordinate mode database are fixed, and the value of the distance between the axes is continuously adjustable in steps of 1 mm from 1 mm to 1000 mm.
  • the position of the infrared spot is described on the ordinate and the abscissa.
  • the coordinate value of the far side of the spot relative to the origin minus the coordinate value of the near end relative to the origin, and the value is The diameter of the infrared spot.
  • the infrared spot coordinate value on the outer edge side relative to the end point of the Y axis minus the infrared spot coordinate value on the relative side of the Y axis start point is equal to the width of the infrared spot on the Y axis;
  • the spot coordinate value minus the infrared spot coordinate value on the side relative to the starting point of the X axis is equal to the width of the infrared spot X axis.
  • the detector In addition to the automatic generation of coordinate methods, sometimes the detector needs some special coordinate methods to meet the special needs of the detector. In addition, the system needs to link the coordinates with the actual environment after generating the coordinates. This also requires manual or Default coordinate parameter calibration.
  • the main purpose of this detector is to define the origin of the coordinates, the identification point, the beacon point, the perimeter point and the line. Only after the above parameters are accurately defined can the position and size of the infrared spot be accurately described.
  • the calibration uses a beacon generator (a beacon generator can emit modulated infrared light that the detector can receive), and transmits beacon information to the detector at each key point. The detector automatically receives and memorizes the above on the corresponding coordinates.
  • the equivalent and trend analysis database is equivalent to the predictable total power obtained by multiplying the area of the infrared heat source light by the infrared heat source.
  • the spot area of the infrared heat source in the above scalar can be directly obtained on the imaging chip, and the reflection of the temperature on the imaging chip is the imaging brightness.
  • the temperature of the infrared heat source rises, its wavelength will be shortened, and the infrared heat source spot on the imaging chip of the detector will become bright.
  • the brightness of the imaging chip of the detector in the detectable range is divided into
  • the product of multiplying the brightness of each current level by the spot area of the infrared heat source is equivalent, which expresses the total power and danger level of the monitored infrared heat source.
  • This method describes the shape of the infrared heat source as well as the area of the infrared heat source.
  • the actual infrared heat source calculation formula is: The area of the infrared heat source image on the pixel X magnification.
  • the pixel area formula is: the length of the center point of the ordinate x the length of the center point of the abscissa.
  • the change of the infrared heat source equivalent in the detection area is an analytical method for the development trend of the infrared heat source (fire).
  • the specific method is that the detector monitors the change of the infrared heat source light spot at any time by increasing or decreasing the position of the infrared heat source light spot on the coordinates.
  • the change in the number of coordinates occupied by the internal infrared heat source spot represents the ratio of the expansion or contraction of the infrared heat source.
  • the development trend of the infrared heat source will be obtained, that is, the development trend of the fire.
  • These trends can be described by numbers or curves.
  • the equivalent measurement error will occur.
  • the manual measurement and the default value calibration can correct the equivalent measurement error. Due to the inconsistency of the application environment of the detector, the detection results of the detector will be distorted. For example, the result obtained by the detector detecting an infrared source with a diameter of 1 meter at a distance of one meter from the infrared heat source and the detector within 100 meters of the infrared heat source Obviously, the infrared spot and brightness obtained by the meter are not the same, and the brightness value of the infrared heat source spot obtained in a clean environment is obviously different from the brightness value of the infrared heat source spot obtained in an obstructed place.
  • a new detector and a detector that has been used for a long time are also different in displaying the same infrared source spot brightness value.
  • the above differences will cause differences in detection results. Therefore, this detector is used Software correction method (compensation and correction of data errors).
  • the processor will automatically compensate and correct the output results according to the environmental parameters and error correction parameters input in advance.
  • the brightness value correction method is based on the environment and the relative position of the installation point, the brightness value is corrected by 1 meter to increase the brightness unit coefficient, and the compensation is based on the detector installation environment and installation time to compensate the brightness value, for example, in general
  • the detector installed in the environment adds a brightness unit factor to the detector after 180 days of continuous operation.
  • the detector can use correction and compensation methods to calibrate the detection error of the detector due to various factors. For example: In order to accurately measure the specific location of the infrared heat source, the detector must identify its installation position in a three-dimensional space. By marking the spatial position of the detector in a three-dimensional state identification database, the detector can be made accurate Calculate the position and size of the infrared heat source on the plane.
  • the correction formula is- ⁇ [l + (kG / nY) 2] l / 2X- X>, where: n—n equal to the center imaging distance G; k—kth equal to the center imaging distance G (starting from the center point); G—distance from the center; Y—photosensitive imaging chip and optics The distance of the center focus of the lens group; X—the vertical distance from the imaging focus of the optical lens center to the ground.
  • the analyzed data information is driven by the main controller to fire the corresponding fire.
  • the detector can automatically select a transmission protocol that conforms to the main control system for transmission.
  • the transmission protocol may be a conventional transmission protocol between a conventional detector and a main controller, or a preset transmission protocol that is already embedded in the detector and matches the corresponding main controller.
  • the detector may manually initiate a transmission protocol corresponding to the main control system for transmission.
  • the detector When the present invention is used as a fire detector, the detector is allowed to be installed on an unobstructed wall, and it is not necessarily required to be installed on the roof.
  • this embodiment describes a practical application installation schematic diagram of a fire detector.
  • the fire detector is installed in a corner of a monitored room, and can be detected very easily through a window of the detector's optical lens at a 145-degree angle.
  • the infrared heat source of the entire room uses filter technology and recognition technology to detect infrared heat sources.
  • the detector outputs infrared heat source diameter and coordinates. Through calibration technology, it can effectively observe all infrared heat sources at a specified distance and range.
  • the traditional fire detector constructed by the prior art must be installed at the top of the middle of the room. If it is a temperature-sensing type, it can only detect the overall increase in the ambient temperature. Whether the installation site has smoke and cannot provide further information.
  • Example 3
  • the optical lens group is made of a material capable of transmitting mid-infrared light, and generally uses materials such as ruby and germanium that have low resistance to infrared light.
  • the optical lens group is a broadband optical lens group.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de détection de sources de chaleur, notamment de sources d'infrarouge, produites dans une zone de détection. Le procédé s'utilise principalement dans la lutte contre les incendies, la surveillance d'équipements technologiques ou analogue. Un balayage (ou « observation ») par imagerie électrique dans une gamme d'ondes infrarouges définie et l'analyse des zones chaudes des sources d'infrarouge permettent de déterminer précisément si les sources de chaleur détectées sont susceptibles de produire un incendie, et d'obtenir les positions exactes des sources de chaleur selon des coordonnées ainsi que les changements relatifs aux sources de chaleur. Ce procédé permet de mettre en oeuvre une détection à distance et une détection ponctuelle. L'invention concerne aussi un dispositif permettant de détecter des sources d'infrarouge, qui comprend un organe de commande principal et un détecteur comprenant une puce d'imagerie photosensible, un filtre, un ensemble lentilles optiques et un microprocesseur.
PCT/CN2004/000857 2003-07-25 2004-07-23 Procede et dispositif de detection de sources d'infrarouge WO2005010842A1 (fr)

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