WO2004106121A1 - Kunststoffträger und verfahren zu seiner herstellung - Google Patents
Kunststoffträger und verfahren zu seiner herstellung Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2004106121A1 WO2004106121A1 PCT/EP2004/004195 EP2004004195W WO2004106121A1 WO 2004106121 A1 WO2004106121 A1 WO 2004106121A1 EP 2004004195 W EP2004004195 W EP 2004004195W WO 2004106121 A1 WO2004106121 A1 WO 2004106121A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- flap
- plastic carrier
- hinge
- plastic
- fabric part
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60R21/00—Arrangements or fittings on vehicles for protecting or preventing injuries to occupants or pedestrians in case of accidents or other traffic risks
- B60R21/02—Occupant safety arrangements or fittings, e.g. crash pads
- B60R21/16—Inflatable occupant restraints or confinements designed to inflate upon impact or impending impact, e.g. air bags
- B60R21/20—Arrangements for storing inflatable members in their non-use or deflated condition; Arrangement or mounting of air bag modules or components
- B60R21/215—Arrangements for storing inflatable members in their non-use or deflated condition; Arrangement or mounting of air bag modules or components characterised by the covers for the inflatable member
- B60R21/2165—Arrangements for storing inflatable members in their non-use or deflated condition; Arrangement or mounting of air bag modules or components characterised by the covers for the inflatable member characterised by a tear line for defining a deployment opening
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
- B29C45/0053—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor combined with a final operation, e.g. shaping
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
- B29C45/14—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. injection moulding around inserts or for coating articles
- B29C45/14778—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. injection moulding around inserts or for coating articles the article consisting of a material with particular properties, e.g. porous, brittle
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/30—Organic material
- B23K2103/42—Plastics
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/50—Inorganic material, e.g. metals, not provided for in B23K2103/02 – B23K2103/26
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
- B29C45/14—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. injection moulding around inserts or for coating articles
- B29C2045/1486—Details, accessories and auxiliary operations
- B29C2045/14901—Coating a sheet-like insert smaller than the dimensions of the adjacent mould wall
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
- B29C45/14—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. injection moulding around inserts or for coating articles
- B29C45/1418—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. injection moulding around inserts or for coating articles the inserts being deformed or preformed, e.g. by the injection pressure
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2713/00—Use of textile products or fabrics for preformed parts, e.g. for inserts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
- B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
- B29L2031/30—Vehicles, e.g. ships or aircraft, or body parts thereof
- B29L2031/3005—Body finishings
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
- B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
- B29L2031/30—Vehicles, e.g. ships or aircraft, or body parts thereof
- B29L2031/3005—Body finishings
- B29L2031/3038—Air bag covers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60R21/00—Arrangements or fittings on vehicles for protecting or preventing injuries to occupants or pedestrians in case of accidents or other traffic risks
- B60R21/02—Occupant safety arrangements or fittings, e.g. crash pads
- B60R21/16—Inflatable occupant restraints or confinements designed to inflate upon impact or impending impact, e.g. air bags
- B60R21/20—Arrangements for storing inflatable members in their non-use or deflated condition; Arrangement or mounting of air bag modules or components
- B60R21/215—Arrangements for storing inflatable members in their non-use or deflated condition; Arrangement or mounting of air bag modules or components characterised by the covers for the inflatable member
- B60R2021/21537—Arrangements for storing inflatable members in their non-use or deflated condition; Arrangement or mounting of air bag modules or components characterised by the covers for the inflatable member characterised by hinges
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
- Y10T442/20—Coated or impregnated woven, knit, or nonwoven fabric which is not [a] associated with another preformed layer or fiber layer or, [b] with respect to woven and knit, characterized, respectively, by a particular or differential weave or knit, wherein the coating or impregnation is neither a foamed material nor a free metal or alloy layer
Definitions
- the invention relates to a plastic carrier and a method for its production, as described in the preamble of claim 1 and in claim 10.
- Plastic carriers of this type are used in the interior cladding of vehicle doors or body sections, they can also be components of vehicle seats or instrument panels, etc. Most of the time, they are laminated to the passenger compartment with a foam-coated film. Common to these plastic carriers is an opening flap for the airbag of an airbag unit behind it.
- DE 44 18 172 A1 shows a solution for connecting the flap to the plastic carrier of an instrument panel.
- the flap forms an integral part of the plastic carrier, and a joint that forms the opening contour separates the flap from the actual carrier except for a hinge area.
- the hinge area - at this point the flap is integrated into the plastic carrier - is underlaid with a reinforcement strip made of a flexible, tear-resistant material.
- the plastic carrier is laminated with a film lying in the passenger's field of vision, and in a further operation the reinforcement strips in the hinge area applied. This additional operation significantly increases the cost of production.
- the object of the invention is to simplify the production of a generic plastic carrier.
- the fabric part is also injected during the manufacture of the plastic carrier.
- the invention is concerned with the fact that the fabric part is pressed against a mold wall of the injection molding tool during the injection molding process.
- the fabric part should anchor itself sufficiently in the plastic, that is, the plastic melt must be able to pass through the mesh of the fabric structure when sprayed.
- a fabric part in the hinge area is sufficient in principle.
- each wing needs a piece of fabric in its hinge area.
- a sufficiently large fabric part is expediently chosen, which covers the entire opening contour of the multi-part flap and also overlaps it - for secure anchoring.
- this can be carried out at the same time as incorporating the opening contour defining the dimensions of the flap.
- the plastic carrier can be completely cut through in the area of this opening contour. Preferably, however, it will only be weakened by tear lines.
- the tissue part is cut through and the plastic carrier is weakened or cut through in an expedient manner by laser processing.
- the tear lines can be produced simultaneously with the injection molding of the plastic carrier by a corresponding configuration of the injection mold.
- the mold half which lies opposite the fabric part, has raised embossments which protrude into the spray chamber and simulate the contour of the cover.
- the hinge areas of the lid are created by the sections of the plastic carrier that are not weakened and reinforced by the fabric part.
- the invention provides recesses which remain free of the injection-molded plastic. This can in turn be achieved in a simple manner by means of corresponding webs projecting into the casting space on the inside of a mold half of the injection molding tool.
- the recesses can have a width, measured perpendicular to the hinge axis, of 3 to 7 mm.
- FIG. 1 seen the detail of a door panel for a motor vehicle from the inside of the door and
- Fig. 2 is a sectional view of FIG. 1 along the section line INI.
- the motor vehicle interior trim part shown schematically in the figures, only those parts are shown which are necessary for understanding the invention.
- the plastic carrier 1 is part of an interior door panel of a motor vehicle, behind which there is an airbag unit 3 (FIG. 2) for the side facing away from the passenger compartment a thorax airbag.
- the plastic carrier has a flap 4 for the passage of an airbag, which is initially stowed in the airbag unit 3 and unfolds in the direction of the plastic carrier 1 when the airbag unit 3 is triggered, the plastic carrier tears open the flap 4 along the opening contour and in enters the passenger compartment.
- the contour of the flap 4 as an integral part of the plastic carrier is determined by tear lines 5, 6 and 7 which are arranged in an H-shape and which actually form two flap wings 4a and 4b. As can be seen in particular in FIG. 2, the tear lines are shown by deliberate weakening of the material of the plastic carrier 1.
- the flap wings 4a, 4b When opened, the flap wings 4a, 4b pivot about hinge areas, the hinge axes of which are indicated in FIG. 1 and are designated by the reference numerals 8 and 9.
- the opening direction is indicated by two arrows 11 and 12.
- the recesses 10 have a width - measured perpendicular to the hinge axes 8 and 9 - between 3 and 7 mm.
- the flap wings 4a, 4b should not be torn off the plastic carrier 1 when opening. To reliably prevent this, the integrated fabric part 2 reinforces the hinge areas.
- the plastic carrier 1 with its fabric part 2 is produced as follows. First, the fabric part 2 is positioned on the inside of a mold half in the area of the later flap 4 in the opened injection mold.
- the fabric part has coarse meshes and its dimensions are selected such that it covers the entire flap area and also extends beyond the opening contour of the flap 4 later on. This reliably covers the hinge areas to be reinforced.
- the other half of the mold has webs projecting into the casting space on its inside for the formation of the later recesses 10.
- the plastic melt is injected.
- the plastic melt presses the fabric part against the inner mold wall. Due to the coarse mesh and the chosen viscosity level of the melt, the liquid plastic also penetrates the fabric part and anchors it when it cools down. The webs of the other mold half are flowed around by the plastic melt, the cutouts 10 are created.
- a laser device cuts the tear lines for the opening contour of the flap into the plastic carrier.
- the laser beam cuts through the tissue part at the respective points and weakens the sections of the plastic carrier behind it by cutting at a predetermined depth.
- the depth dimension is determined by the fact that when the airbag is deployed, the plastic carrier tears safely along the contour of the flap.
- the contour should not map to the passenger compartment.
- the plastic carrier is usually additionally covered with a foam-coated film on the side of the passenger compartment concealed. The hinge areas are not touched by laser processing, which means that neither the fabric part is cut nor the plastic carrier weakened.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2006529691A JP2007504978A (ja) | 2003-05-28 | 2004-04-21 | プラスチック支持体及びその製造方法 |
EP04728526A EP1626880A1 (de) | 2003-05-28 | 2004-04-21 | Kunststoffträger und verfahren zu seiner herstellung |
US11/287,221 US20060079144A1 (en) | 2003-05-28 | 2005-11-28 | Plastic substrate and method for the production thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10324248.1 | 2003-05-28 | ||
DE2003124248 DE10324248A1 (de) | 2003-05-28 | 2003-05-28 | Kunststoffträger und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US11/287,221 Continuation US20060079144A1 (en) | 2003-05-28 | 2005-11-28 | Plastic substrate and method for the production thereof |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2004106121A1 true WO2004106121A1 (de) | 2004-12-09 |
Family
ID=33482250
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2004/004195 WO2004106121A1 (de) | 2003-05-28 | 2004-04-21 | Kunststoffträger und verfahren zu seiner herstellung |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20060079144A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1626880A1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2007504978A (de) |
DE (1) | DE10324248A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2004106121A1 (de) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2884786A1 (fr) * | 2005-04-22 | 2006-10-27 | Visteon Global Tech Inc | Porte de tableau de bord |
WO2009047008A1 (de) * | 2007-10-13 | 2009-04-16 | Rehau Ag + Co | Auslenkbare anordnung aus polymerstreifen |
Families Citing this family (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2008049883A (ja) * | 2006-08-25 | 2008-03-06 | Calsonic Kansei Corp | エアバッグリッド部の製造方法 |
ES2303797B1 (es) * | 2008-01-08 | 2009-03-16 | Mollertech Orense, S.L. | Procedimiento para la fabricacion de piezas cobertoras de sistemas de seguridad pasiva en vehiculos automoviles. |
US20100133725A1 (en) * | 2008-12-01 | 2010-06-03 | Mccaskey Douglas M | Mold With Reinforced Hinge |
DE102009049358A1 (de) | 2009-10-14 | 2011-04-28 | GM Global Technology Operations, Inc., Detroit | Innenraumverkleidungselement mit Airbagklappe und Textillage |
EP2787862B1 (de) | 2011-12-08 | 2017-06-07 | Herman Miller, Inc. | Verbundkörper-trägerelement sowie herstellungs- und recyclingverfahren dafür |
US9010799B2 (en) * | 2012-03-21 | 2015-04-21 | Faurecia Interior Systems, Inc. | Molding in airbag door features in a vehicle interior panel using a movable mold member |
CN103581824A (zh) * | 2012-08-10 | 2014-02-12 | 华为技术有限公司 | 一种推送用户消息的方法和设备 |
USD703457S1 (en) | 2013-06-07 | 2014-04-29 | Herman Miller, Inc. | Chair |
US10369953B2 (en) | 2015-04-24 | 2019-08-06 | Faurecia Interior Systems, Inc. | Interior panels including substrates with inserts for defining integrated airbag deployment doors for motor vehicles and methods of making the same |
US9713997B2 (en) | 2015-07-29 | 2017-07-25 | Faurecia Interior Systems, Inc. | Interior panels including substrates with film inserts for defining integrated airbag deployment doors for motor vehicles and methods of making the same |
AU2016322966B2 (en) | 2015-09-17 | 2021-10-14 | S.D. Sight Diagnostics Ltd | Methods and apparatus for detecting an entity in a bodily sample |
US11307196B2 (en) * | 2016-05-11 | 2022-04-19 | S.D. Sight Diagnostics Ltd. | Sample carrier for optical measurements |
EP3710810B1 (de) | 2017-11-14 | 2023-09-06 | S.D. Sight Diagnostics Ltd. | Probenträger für optische messungen |
KR102408193B1 (ko) * | 2018-01-24 | 2022-06-13 | 현대모비스 주식회사 | 조수석 에어백 도어 |
JP7030674B2 (ja) * | 2018-11-24 | 2022-03-07 | しげる工業株式会社 | エアバッグリッドの芯材の製造方法およびエアバッグリッドの芯材 |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5902428A (en) * | 1995-03-31 | 1999-05-11 | Davidson Textron Inc. | Motor vehicle instrument panel with flexible tethering hinged air bag deployment door |
US6294124B1 (en) * | 1994-10-31 | 2001-09-25 | Tip Engineering Group, Inc. | Apparatus and process for laser preweakening an automotive trim cover for an air bag deployment opening |
US20020000711A1 (en) * | 2000-04-14 | 2002-01-03 | Werner Schmidt | Instrument panel for a vehicle and process for production thereof |
US20030020202A1 (en) * | 2001-07-27 | 2003-01-30 | Toyoda Gosei Co., Ltd. | Method for manufacturing automobile interior article |
US6524505B1 (en) * | 1997-01-20 | 2003-02-25 | Allibert Industrie | Method for making a finished part comprising a zone for providing a passage |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1107396B (de) * | 1954-12-14 | 1961-05-25 | Richard Jonke | Verfahren zur Herstellung von verstaerkten bzw. versteiften Kunststoff-formteilen im Spritzgiessverfahren |
GB1067830A (en) * | 1963-11-01 | 1967-05-03 | Samuel Joseph Holtzman | Method of making molded shells for luggage |
DE4418172A1 (de) * | 1994-05-25 | 1995-12-14 | Ebers & Mueller Fibrit | Innenverkleidungsteil |
DE19622499A1 (de) * | 1996-06-05 | 1997-12-11 | Otto Deuschle Modell Und Forme | Kunststoff-Formteil mit mehreren Feldern sowie Verfahren und Vorrichtung zu dessen Herstellung |
JPH1044188A (ja) * | 1996-08-06 | 1998-02-17 | Takata Kk | 樹脂製エアバッグの製造方法及び樹脂製エアバッグ |
DE19960384B4 (de) * | 1999-12-15 | 2004-02-19 | Ibs Brocke Gmbh & Co. Kg | Kunststoffformteile für Säulenverkleidungen von Kraftfahrzeugen |
DE10107269A1 (de) * | 2001-02-16 | 2002-08-22 | Volkswagen Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Innenverkleidungsteiles |
-
2003
- 2003-05-28 DE DE2003124248 patent/DE10324248A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2004
- 2004-04-21 JP JP2006529691A patent/JP2007504978A/ja active Pending
- 2004-04-21 EP EP04728526A patent/EP1626880A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2004-04-21 WO PCT/EP2004/004195 patent/WO2004106121A1/de not_active Application Discontinuation
-
2005
- 2005-11-28 US US11/287,221 patent/US20060079144A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6294124B1 (en) * | 1994-10-31 | 2001-09-25 | Tip Engineering Group, Inc. | Apparatus and process for laser preweakening an automotive trim cover for an air bag deployment opening |
US5902428A (en) * | 1995-03-31 | 1999-05-11 | Davidson Textron Inc. | Motor vehicle instrument panel with flexible tethering hinged air bag deployment door |
US6524505B1 (en) * | 1997-01-20 | 2003-02-25 | Allibert Industrie | Method for making a finished part comprising a zone for providing a passage |
US20020000711A1 (en) * | 2000-04-14 | 2002-01-03 | Werner Schmidt | Instrument panel for a vehicle and process for production thereof |
US20030020202A1 (en) * | 2001-07-27 | 2003-01-30 | Toyoda Gosei Co., Ltd. | Method for manufacturing automobile interior article |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2884786A1 (fr) * | 2005-04-22 | 2006-10-27 | Visteon Global Tech Inc | Porte de tableau de bord |
WO2009047008A1 (de) * | 2007-10-13 | 2009-04-16 | Rehau Ag + Co | Auslenkbare anordnung aus polymerstreifen |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP2007504978A (ja) | 2007-03-08 |
US20060079144A1 (en) | 2006-04-13 |
DE10324248A1 (de) | 2005-01-05 |
EP1626880A1 (de) | 2006-02-22 |
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