WO2004105168A1 - 固体高分子型燃料電池の賦活方法 - Google Patents
固体高分子型燃料電池の賦活方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2004105168A1 WO2004105168A1 PCT/JP2004/007149 JP2004007149W WO2004105168A1 WO 2004105168 A1 WO2004105168 A1 WO 2004105168A1 JP 2004007149 W JP2004007149 W JP 2004007149W WO 2004105168 A1 WO2004105168 A1 WO 2004105168A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/8605—Porous electrodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
- H01M8/04225—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells during start-up
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/043—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1007—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes with both reactants being gaseous or vaporised
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M2008/1095—Fuel cells with polymeric electrolytes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method of activating a polymer electrolyte fuel cell that activates a fuel cell to improve cell voltage.
- the procedure is complicated and time-consuming, and the operation is carried out with a large current, so the flooding caused by the large current operation and the large amount of heat generation cause the electrolyte to Damage to the membrane is also a concern.
- Flooding means that the water generated at the force-sword pole clogs the flow path of the force-sode pole. Because of these problems, it is not always clear whether the fuel cell's inherent ability can be effectively extracted according to the method described above.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a fuel cell having an ion exchange membrane formed of a solid polymer membrane, a unit cell comprising a positive electrode and a negative electrode provided so as to sandwich the ion exchange membrane, and a separator. Focusing on the fact that it can be activated by increasing the water content of the exchange membrane, an electrolysis voltage of 1.3 volts or more is applied to the cell while humidifying gas is supplied to the cell to activate water electrolysis. It has been known. According to Patent Document 1, the water in the electrolyte membrane is forcibly decomposed into hydrogen and oxygen by electrolysis, and along with this, the concentration gradient of water molecules in the electrolyte membrane is increased, whereby the electrolyte membrane is formed.
- metal ions such as iron and nickel trapped in the polymer film are reduced by the reducing agent for deterioration recovery with strong reducing power and deposited as metal, and the metal ions are removed. It is stated that the power generation performance will be improved.
- Patent Document 3 discloses a technology for activating a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell, in which a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell module is boiled in deionized water or weakly acidic water (for example, hydrogen peroxide solution). It is disclosed. Further, Patent Document 3 discloses an activation technology of a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell, which supplies alcohol to the gas supply path of the polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell to make the diffusion layer of the electrode compatible with alcohol. ing. Furthermore, in Patent Document 3, the module of the polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell is generated with an oxygen utilization rate of 50% or more, and the voltage is maintained so that the average cell voltage is less than 0.30. A technology for activating a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell is disclosed.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 6-196987
- Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2 00 0 2 6 0 4 5 3
- Patent Document 3 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2 0 0 0 3 7 1 8
- the present invention has been made in view of the above-described circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a method for activating a polymer electrolyte fuel cell which is advantageous for activation and can increase the cell voltage. Disclosure of the invention (1) The inventor of the present invention has made it possible to obtain a solid film in which a plurality of membrane electrode assemblies having an electrolyte membrane formed of a solid polymer membrane and an anode electrode carrying a catalytic metal and a force sword electrode with sandwiching the electrolyte membrane.
- an impedance analyzer also called a frequency response analyzer
- the electrochemical alternating current impedance method is a model test performed on an equivalent circuit in which an electrochemical reaction system is replaced by an electrical circuit.
- a representative example of analysis by AC impedance method in model test is shown.
- pure hydrogen gas pressure: normal pressure
- air normal pressure
- FIG. 1 shows the relationship between the elapsed time, the cell voltage and the current density when the power generation operation of the fuel cell is started and the break-in operation conventionally performed by the present inventors is performed.
- characteristic lines VI, V2 and V3 show the cell voltage
- characteristic lines A1, A2 and A3 show the current density.
- Characteristic line V1 shows the voltage characteristics from the start up of the power generation operation of the fuel cell to the start of the break-in operation
- characteristic line A1 shows the current characteristics from the start up of the power generation operation of the fuel cell to the start of the break-in operation
- Characteristic line V2 shows the voltage characteristics during the break-in operation
- characteristic line A2 shows the current characteristics during the break-in operation. According to this break-in operation, as indicated by the characteristic line A2, the current density is set to 0.5 amps Z cm 2 and a large current flows.
- Characteristic line V3 shows the voltage characteristics after the break-in operation, and characteristic line A3 shows the current characteristics after the break-in operation. As indicated by the characteristic line V1 in FIG.
- the cell voltage gradually increases with the start of the power generation operation of the fuel cell.
- point 2 the conventional break-in operation was started.
- the current density is increased (0.5 amps / cm 2 ) as shown by the characteristic line A 2.
- characteristic line V2 the cell voltage decreased to near 0.60 port.
- the cell voltage starts to gradually increase from around 0.60 as shown by the characteristic line V2.
- the cell voltage recovered as shown by the characteristic line V 3 and increased compared to the cell voltage immediately before the break-in operation, and an activation effect was observed. It can be seen that temporarily reducing the cell voltage in this way is effective for activating the fuel cell.
- FIG. 1 point 1 shows the start-up operation of the fuel cell power generation operation, Point 2 indicates just before the fuel cell break-in operation, and point 3 indicates the just after the break-in operation.
- Figure 2 shows the analysis results (Cole-Cole Plot) by the AC impedance method, and is displayed as a complex plane.
- the impedance Z in the electrochemistry is expressed as a complex quantity having a real component R e and an imaginary component I m as in the following equation (1).
- Impedance Z R + j I ⁇ ' ⁇ (1)
- the horizontal axis in Fig. 2 means the real component of the impedance
- the vertical axis in Fig. 2 means the imaginary component of the impedance.
- Are shown on the horizontal axis in FIG. 2 "5. 0 0 ⁇ - 0 3” means 5. 0 0 X 1 0- 3 .
- Is shown on the vertical axis in FIG. 2 "one 5. 0 0 ⁇ - 0 3” means one 5. 0 0 X 1 0- 3 .
- the cell resistance including the membrane resistance of the electrolyte membrane corresponds to R 11-R 0, and the reaction resistance of the electrode reaction is R 2 It corresponds to 1-R 11 and the reaction resistance of the electrode reaction is relatively large.
- the cell resistance corresponds to R12-R0 and the reaction resistance of the electrode reaction corresponds to R22-R12 at point 2 just before the fuel cell run-in operation.
- the reaction resistance of the electrode reaction was smaller than in the case of Boyt 1 immediately after the start-up operation. This is presumably due to the fact that the water content of the membrane has gradually increased compared to immediately after the start-up operation. Further, as shown in FIG.
- the cell resistance corresponds to R 13-R 0 and the reaction resistance of the electrode reaction is R 23-R 13
- the reaction resistance of the electrode reaction is much smaller than that of Point 2 which is just before break-in operation, and the AR is considerably smaller. It contributes to the output improvement of the fuel cell more greatly.
- the wetting effect of wetting the electrolyte membrane is also effective for the activation treatment, it is not sufficient by itself. It is effective to lower the potential of the force-sword electrode as much as possible, that is, to bring it close to 0 volt, which is the standard electrode potential of the hydrogen oxidation / reduction system, for the activation of the fuel cell. In comparison, the potential of the cathode was found to be easily recovered. If the potential of the force sword pole is made as low as possible during activation processing, The reason why the potential of the cathode is easier to recover compared to before the active treatment is assumed as follows, though it is not always clear.
- the electrochemical reduction reaction of oxygen which is the active material in the force-sword electrode is restricted compared to that before the activation treatment, and the potential of the cathode decreases, so that other electrochemical reductions are performed in the force-sword electrode. It is presumed that the reaction (reduction reaction of the catalyst metal oxide and the adsorption species on the catalyst surface, etc.) is facilitated.
- the activation method of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell according to the invention of the first aspect comprises an electrolyte membrane formed of a solid polymer membrane and an anode electrode supporting the catalyst metal and sandwiching the electrolyte membrane, and a force sword.
- the catalyst of a force sword pole is formed in a state in which the anode electrode and force pole are electrically connected. It is characterized in that activation processing is performed to open the active site of metal.
- the activation treatment facilitates the progress of other electrochemical reduction reactions (reduction reactions of the catalyst metal oxide and adsorption species on the catalyst surface) at the cathode electrode, thereby opening the active site of the catalyst metal of the force electrode. It is inferred that the catalytic metal of the force-sword electrode is activated and the reaction resistance of the cathode electrode is reduced.
- the activation method of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell according to the second aspect of the invention comprises an electrolyte membrane formed of a solid polymer membrane and an anode electrode supporting the catalyst metal and sandwiching the electrolyte membrane, and a force sword.
- the anode contains hydrogen in a state in which an anode electrode and a force electrode are electrically connected. It is characterized in that an activation process is performed to reduce the reaction resistance of the electrode reaction while maintaining the potential of the force sort pole at 0.5 volts or less while supplying the gas and supplying the oxygen-containing gas to the force sort pole. It is.
- the anode refers to an electrode in which an electrochemical oxidation reaction occurs.
- the cathode refers to an electrode where an electrochemical reduction reaction occurs.
- the potential of the force-sword pole at 0.50 or less means the potential based on the standard electrode potential of the hydrogen oxidation / reduction system at 0 volt.
- the upper limit value may be, for example, 0.4 volts, 0.3 volts, 0.2 volts, 0.1 volts, or the like.
- the lower limit value of the potential of the cathode electrode at the time of activation treatment is: 1.0 V, _0.5 V, 1 0. 1 port,-0.5 V, _ 0, 0 0 5 port, + 0.
- a potentiostat In order to maintain the potential of the force-sword pole in the above-mentioned low potential region, a potentiostat can be used.
- the potentiometer device is a device that applies an electric current so as to maintain a constant potential between the two electrodes.
- the reaction resistance of the electrode reaction is reduced by the analysis result by the alternating current impedance method. Therefore, as shown in Example 1 to be described later, after the activation treatment (activation treatment) is performed, the active site of the catalytic metal of the force Sword electrode is released, and the catalytic metal is activated. When power is generated, the generated voltage of the fuel cell becomes higher than before activation processing.
- the fuel cell may be performed immediately before starting the normal power generation operation of the fuel cell, or the cell voltage of the fuel cell may be lowered.
- normal power generation operation may be interrupted, or it may be performed during power generation operation.
- performing during power generation operation means performing without stopping the output current of the fuel cell.
- Interrupting power generation operation means performing with the output current of the fuel cell stopped.
- both the anode electrode and the cathode electrode have electrical resistances relatively smaller in electric resistance than the first conductive path during normal power generation operation. And a second conductive path electrically connecting the two.
- the anode electrode and the force pole electrically connect the anode electrode and the force pole not via the first conductive path used during normal power generation operation, but via the second conductive path having a relatively small electric resistance.
- electrons (e ⁇ ) generated by the electrochemical oxidation reaction of the anode electrode are not a conductive path having a relatively large electric resistance, and a second conduction having a relatively small electric resistance. Moving to the cathode via a path is advantageous for increasing the activation speed at the force electrode.
- the activation method of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell according to the third aspect of the invention comprises an electrolyte membrane formed of a solid polymer membrane, an anode electrode carrying a catalyst metal and an electrolyte electrode, and a force electrode.
- the hydrogen-containing gas is supplied to the anode electrode with the anode electrode and the cathode electrode electrically connected.
- activation processing is performed by supplying a non-oxidizing gas to the force-sword electrode.
- the nonoxidizing gas include nitrogen gas, inert gas such as argon gas, hydrogen gas, etc., or a mixed gas of these gases.
- non-oxidative gas such as nitrogen gas, inert gas such as argon gas, hydrogen gas etc. which can function as activating gas, or mixed gas of these gases is supplied to the force sword electrode.
- purge gas such as nitrogen gas, inert gas such as argon gas, hydrogen gas etc. which can function as activating gas, or mixed gas of these gases.
- an oxygen deficient state is positively generated at the force-sword pole.
- electrochemical reduction reactions related to other substances occur more positively at the cathode than electrochemical reduction reactions related to oxygen molecules. That is, generation of an oxide or the like or adsorption of a substance may be considered on the surface of the catalyst metal of the force-sword electrode at the fuel cell manufacturing stage, standing stage, power generation process and the like.
- non-oxidizing gas such as nitrogen gas
- purge gas such as nitrogen gas
- a non-oxidizing gas such as nitrogen gas can be distributed as uniformly as possible to the force-sword electrode of each cell, and it is possible to obtain the advantage of easily reducing the variation in activation processing for each cell.
- the activation method of the polymer electrolyte fuel cell according to the third aspect of the invention as shown in Example 2 to be described later, after the activation treatment (activation treatment) is carried out, the method before the activation treatment is carried out. Also, the generated voltage of the fuel cell is increased. According to the activation method of the solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell according to the third aspect of the invention, the potential of the force-sword electrode can be reduced to 0.5 V or less. This is expected to have the effect of further enhancing the activation effect of the cathode electrode.
- the upper limit value of the potential of the cathode is 0.4 V, 0.3 V, 0.2 V, 0.1 V Etc. are illustrated.
- the lower limit value of the cathode potential during activation depending on the conditions, 1.0 V, 0.5 V, 0.1 V, 0.5 V, 1 0 0 0 5 volts, + 0.002 volts, etc. may be mentioned.
- the fuel cell may be performed immediately before starting the normal power generation operation of the fuel cell, or the cell voltage of the fuel cell may be lowered. If it is recognized, you may interrupt the normal power generation operation.
- the activation method according to the second aspect of the invention may be performed between production and shipping of the fuel cell, or may be performed during power generation.
- the method of activating a polymer electrolyte fuel cell according to the fourth aspect of the invention comprises an electrolyte membrane formed of a solid polymer membrane, an anode electrode carrying a catalyst metal and an electrolyte membrane, and a force-sword electrode.
- the hydrogen-containing gas is supplied to the anode electrode in a state where the anode electrode and the force-sword electrode are electrically connected.
- the activation treatment is carried out by putting the cathode electrode in an oxygen-depleted state.
- the hydrogen-containing gas is supplied to the anode electrode in a state where the anode electrode and the force-sword electrode are electrically connected. Therefore, protons (H +) and electrons (e one) are generated from hydrogen by the electrochemical oxidation reaction of the anode, and the electrons (e one) are transferred to the force sort pole through the wire connection, and the electricity at the force sort pole is generated. Used for chemical reduction reactions.
- the force-sword electrode is forced to be maintained in an oxygen-depleted state, so at the force-sword electrode, the electrochemical reduction reaction for other substances is performed simultaneously with the electrochemical reduction reaction for oxygen. Is supposed to occur positively. That is, generation of products such as oxides or adsorption of substances can be considered even in the catalyst metal of the force-sword electrode at the manufacturing stage, standing stage or power generation process of the fuel cell.
- an electrochemical reduction reaction related to the catalyst metal occurs, whereby oxides on the catalyst metal and adsorptive species on the catalyst metal are removed, and the active site of the catalyst metal of the force sword electrode is released. And the catalytic metal is activated, which in turn counteracts the electrode reaction at the cathode. It is presumed that the resistance decreases.
- the activation treatment can be performed in an oxygen deficient state in which the oxygen utilization rate exceeds 100%.
- the oxygen utilization rate can be more than 120%, more than 150%, and more than 200%.
- the oxygen deficient state can be raised by reducing the oxygen concentration in the gas supplied to the cathode electrode, and in the limit, it can be a non-oxidizing gas which does not contain all oxygen. In this state, the oxygen utilization rate is infinite, so there is no upper limit of the oxygen utilization rate.
- the activation method of the polymer electrolyte fuel cell according to the fourth aspect of the invention as shown in Example 3 to be described later, after the activation treatment (activation treatment) is carried out, the comparison is made before the activation treatment. As a result, the generated voltage of the fuel cell increases.
- the activation process may be performed immediately before the normal power generation operation of the fuel cell is started, or when the cell voltage of the fuel cell decreases, the normal power generation operation is interrupted and performed. Also good.
- activation may be performed between production and shipping of the fuel cell, or may be performed during power generation.
- the potential of the force-sword electrode can be reduced to 0.5 V or less.
- the upper limit value of the potential of the cathode electrode at the activation treatment is 0.4 volts, 0.3 volts, 0.2 ports, 0.2 ports, 0.1 volt etc. are illustrated.
- the lower limit values of the potential of the force sword pole during activation processing are: 11.0 volts, -0.5 volts, -0.1 volts, -0.50 ports, -1.005 points, + There are 0.20 volt and so on.
- FIG. 1 is a graph showing changes in cell voltage and current density before break-in, during break-in and after break-in.
- FIG. 2 shows the results of analysis by the AC impedance method, and is a graph showing changes in the membrane resistance of the electrolyte membrane and the reaction resistance of the electrode reaction before and after the break-in operation and after the break-in operation.
- FIG. 3 is a graph showing changes in cell voltage and current density before and after break-in operation, during activation treatment, and after activation treatment according to the third aspect.
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing the results analyzed by the alternating current impedance method according to the third aspect, showing changes in the film resistance of the electrolyte membrane and the reaction resistance of the electrode reaction after the activation operation, after the operation and after the activation operation. is there.
- FIG. 5 is a graph showing changes in cell voltage and current density before activation treatment, during activation treatment, and after activation treatment according to the fourth mode.
- FIG. 6 shows the results of analysis by the AC impedance method according to the fourth aspect, and is a graph showing changes in the membrane resistance of the electrolyte membrane and the reaction resistance of the electrode reaction during operation.
- FIG. 7 is a block diagram of a cell according to Embodiment 1 '.
- FIG. 8 is a block diagram of a cell according to a second embodiment.
- FIG. 9 relates to another form according to Example 1, Example 2, and Example 3 and is a configuration diagram of a cell.
- FIG. 10 is a block diagram of a cell in still another form according to the first embodiment, the second embodiment, and the third embodiment.
- FIG. 11 is a block diagram of a fuel cell power generation system according to an application example. BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
- Node electrode and the force sword electrode are electrically connected.
- nitrogen gas pressure: normal pressure
- the current density was adjusted to 0.38 amps 0 111 2 (characteristic line ⁇ 8).
- characteristic lines V5 to V9 indicate voltages
- characteristic lines A5 to A9 indicate currents.
- Characteristic line A5 and characteristic line V5 in Fig. 3 show the state when the fuel cell power generation is started.
- Characteristic line A 6 and characteristic line V 6 in FIG. 3 show the state of running-in corresponding to the prior art after start-up.
- the ⁇ plot shown in FIG. 3 is a mark displayed when producing a Cole-Cole Plot.
- Characteristic line A 7 and characteristic line V 7 in FIG. 3 show a state in which the power generation operation is performed after the conventional break-in operation in the embodiment A.
- Characteristic line A 8 and characteristic line V 8 in FIG. 3 show a state in which the activation processing corresponding to the third aspect of the invention is performed in the embodiment A.
- the current density is set to 0.38 amps cm 2 as indicated by the characteristic line V 8.
- the cell voltage is near 0 volts (about 0.0005 pole) in the brass area. This cell voltage is the potential of the difference between the force sword pole and the anode pole, and since the anode pole is regarded as 0 volt, it is substantially the potential of the force sword pole.
- Characteristic line A 9 and characteristic line V 9 in FIG. 3 show a state in which the normal power generation operation is performed after the activation processing equivalent to the third aspect of the invention in the embodiment A. As can be understood from the comparison between characteristic line V 7 and characteristic line V 9 in FIG.
- point 5 indicates the state before the run-in which corresponds to the prior art.
- the point 6 indicates after the break-in operation corresponding to the prior art but before performing the activation processing corresponding to the third aspect of the invention.
- Point 7 shows the state after activation processing corresponding to the third aspect of the invention.
- the analysis was carried out by the electrochemical impedance method for points 5, 6 and 7 as described above.
- FIG. 4 shows the results of analysis by electrochemical impedance method (Cole-Cole Plot) for Embodiment A.
- the horizontal axis in Fig. 4 means the real component of the impedance
- the vertical axis in Fig. 4 means the imaginary component of the impedance. As shown in FIG.
- the cell resistance corresponds to S 1 1 ⁇ S 0 and the reaction resistance of the electrode reaction at the force sword pole is S 2 1 -Corresponds to S11, and the reaction resistance of the electrode reaction at the force-sword pole was relatively large.
- the cell resistance is The reaction resistance of the electrode reaction was equivalent to S 22-S 12, and the reaction resistance of the cell resistance and the electrode reaction was small. This is presumed to be because the water content of the electrolyte membrane was gradually increased by the break-in operation corresponding to the prior art of the fuel cell.
- Embodiment B is an activation treatment corresponding to the invention of the fourth aspect (when the cathode electrode is activated In a state of deficiency).
- the oxygen utilization rate is activated in an oxygen-deficient state of over 100%.
- pure hydrogen gas pressure: normal pressure
- air pressure: normal pressure
- characteristic lines VI 0, VI I, and V 12 indicate voltages
- characteristic lines A 10 to A 1 1 and A 12 indicate currents.
- Characteristic line A 10 in Fig. 5 and characteristic line VI 0 show the condition immediately after the fuel cell power generation is started.
- Characteristic line A 11 and characteristic line V 11 in FIG. 5 show a state in which activation processing corresponding to the invention of the fourth aspect is performed.
- Characteristic line A 12 and characteristic line VI 2 in Fig. 5 show the state where power generation operation is being performed after activation processing.
- the ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ plot shown in FIG. 5 is a mark displayed when producing a Cole-Cole Plot.
- the characteristic line A11 and the characteristic line VI1 show a state in which the activation processing corresponding to the invention of the fourth aspect is being performed.
- pure hydrogen gas pressure: normal pressure
- air pressure: normal pressure
- the cell voltage is near 0 port as shown by characteristic line V 11 while maintaining the current density at 0.38 amps Z cm 2 as indicated by characteristic line A 11. Reduced to).
- the cell voltage means the potential difference between the force sword pole and the anode pole, and since the anode pole is 0 port, it corresponds to the potential of the force sword pole.
- the cell resistance corresponds to U 12-U 0, and the reaction of the electrode reaction is performed.
- the resistance corresponds to U22-U12.
- the cell resistance corresponds to U 13-U 0 and the reaction resistance of the electrode reaction corresponds to U 23-U 13 Reaction resistance of the electrode reaction It was analyzed that the resistance was reduced by ⁇ U.
- activation treatment treatment to make the force-sword electrode in an oxygen-depleted state
- activation treatment treatment to make the force-sword electrode in an oxygen-depleted state
- It greatly contributes to the improvement of the output voltage
- Example 1 to Example 3 will be specifically described.
- Example 1 corresponds to the invention of the first mode and the second mode.
- 300 g of carbon black was mixed into 1000 g of water to form mixed water.
- the mixed water was stirred by a stirrer for a predetermined time (10 minutes) to form stirred water.
- 250 g of dispersion stock solution (trade name: POLYFLON D 1 grade) containing 60% by weight of tetrafluoroethylene (hereinafter referred to as PTFE, manufactured by Daikin Industries, Ltd.) is added to the stirring water, The mixture was stirred for a predetermined time (10 minutes) to form a carbon ink.
- PTFE tetrafluoroethylene
- a carbon paper (made by Toray Industries, Inc., Toray force TGP-0 60, thickness 1 80 / zm) was added to this carbon ink, and the above-mentioned PTFE was sufficiently impregnated into the carbon paper to form a material.
- the excess water contained in the material was evaporated in a drying oven maintained at a temperature of 80 ° C. Thereafter, the material was held at a sintering temperature of 390 ° C. for 60 minutes, and the PTFE in the material was sintered to produce a carbon paper having water repellency.
- a platinum supported carbon catalyst having a concentration of supported platinum of 46% by weight manufactured by Tanaka Kikinzoku Kogyo Co., Ltd., TEC 10E 60E
- 12 g of a 5 wt% ion exchange resin solution manufactured by Asahi Kasei Kogyo Co., Ltd., SS- 1080
- 106 g of water, 23 g of water and 23 g of isopropyl alcohol as a molding aid were thoroughly mixed to form a catalyst paste.
- this catalyst paste was applied to a tetrafluorinated ethylene sheet to form a catalyst layer by a doctor blade method so that the amount of supported platinum was 0.6 mmg / cm 2 , and then drying was performed. As a result, a force Sword pole sheet having a tetrafluorinated ethylene sheet was formed.
- platinum functions as a catalytic metal of the force-sword electrode.
- an ion exchange membrane (N.sub.a.sub.f.sub.i o n l l, manufactured by DuPont) having a thickness of 25 ⁇ m was used as the electrolyte membrane.
- This electrolyte membrane was sandwiched between the above-mentioned force sheet electrode sheet and anode electrode sheet.
- a catalyst layer containing platinum as a catalyst metal as a main component is interposed between the electrolyte membrane and the force-sword electrode sheet.
- a catalyst layer mainly composed of platinum and ruthenium as a catalyst metal is interposed between the electrolyte membrane and the anode electrode. Then, under the conditions of a temperature of 150 ° C.
- a gas diffusion layer for the force-sword electrode was disposed outside the catalyst layer for the cathode electrode, and a gas diffusion layer for the anode electrode was disposed outside the catalyst layer for the anode electrode.
- a membrane electrode assembly (MEA) was prepared by hot pressing for a predetermined time (3 minutes) under the conditions of a temperature of 140 ° C. and a pressure of 8 MPa.
- the membrane electrode assembly (ME A) constituted a single cell battery.
- FIG. 7 shows a conceptual diagram of the battery.
- this cell has an electrolyte membrane 100 formed of a solid polymer membrane, and an anode electrode 101 and a cathode electrode 102 sandwiching the electrolyte membrane 100.
- the hydrogen-containing gas is supplied to the anode electrode 101 from the gas distribution plate 103 via the flow path 104.
- Air is supplied from the gas distribution plate 105 via the flow path 106 to the force sword pole 102.
- air corresponds to an oxygen-containing gas and is an oxidant gas.
- the hydrogen-containing gas is a natural gas reforming simulant gas that simulates a fuel gas having a composition that is frequently used in practice.
- the air at the force pole 102 is maintained at a cell temperature of 75 ° C.
- the anode electrode 101 is The negative electrode and the force-sword pole 102 are used as the positive electrode.
- the oxygen utilization rate in the force sword electrode 102 can be less than 50%. This is to suppress fluttering.
- setting to 0.50 volts and maintaining the constant potential was performed using a potentiometer device. After performing the activation treatment as described above, the normal power generation operation was performed at 0.38 amps / cm 2. As shown in Table 1, a high cell voltage of 0.725 ports was obtained. The cell voltage was improved compared to before activation processing.
- the reason why the cell voltage output is improved by the activation process according to the first embodiment is that the activation process is performed by setting the cell voltage near 0 volt (0.50 port) during the activation process. ⁇ It is inferred that the electrochemical reduction reaction of other substances occurred simultaneously with the electrochemical reduction reaction of oxygen at the force-sword pole 102. That is, a reduction reaction such as platinum oxide or adsorption species (including impurities) occurs on the surface of platinum constituting the catalyst in the force sword electrode 102, whereby the platinum active site in the cathode electrode 102 becomes The present inventors speculate that the cell voltage output is improved by releasing platinum and activating the platinum, and thus reducing the reaction resistance of the electrode reaction and improving the cell voltage output more than before the activation treatment.
- Example 2 corresponds to the invention of the first mode and the third mode (introduction of non-oxidizing gas into the force-sword electrode at the time of activation).
- the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) produced in Example 1 was used to constitute a single cell battery.
- This cell has, as shown in FIG. 8, an electrolyte membrane 100 formed of a solid polymer membrane, an anode pole 101 and a force-sword pole 102 sandwiching the electrolyte membrane 100.
- a hydrogen-containing gas is supplied to the anode pole 101 from the gas distribution plate 103 via the flow path 104.
- Air is supplied from the gas distribution plate 105 to the force sword pole 102 through the flow path 106.
- the force sword pole 102 is connected to a flow path 150 for supplying nitrogen gas (non-oxidative gas) thereto.
- air oxygen utilization rate: 40%
- the oxygen utilization rate (%) means (the amount of oxygen actually used for power generation, the amount of oxygen supplied to the fuel cell) XI 0 0%.
- the hydrogen utilization rate (%) is
- the reason why the output of the cell voltage is improved by the activation process according to the second embodiment is presumed as follows. That is, at the time of activation, not nitrogen but nitrogen In order to supply the force gas pole to the force sword pole 102, an oxygen deficient state is positively generated in the force sword pole 102, and in the force sword pole 102, the oxygen reduction state is more effective than the electrochemical reduction reaction of oxygen. It is presumed that the electrochemical reduction reaction of the substance of That is, it is considered that, even in platinum constituting the catalyst in the force sword electrode 102, an adsorbed species may be generated on a product such as platinum oxide or catalyst metal.
- a reduction reaction of a product such as platinum oxide or a reduction reaction of an adsorbed species occurs by activation treatment, whereby the active site of platinum as a catalyst is released at the force electrode 102 and platinum is activated.
- the inventor infers that the reaction resistance of the electrode reaction is reduced and the output of the cell voltage is improved.
- the number of cells is large even when the number of cells is large. Since nitrogen gas can be distributed to the force-sword electrodes 102 of each cell while suppressing uneven distribution, it is possible to easily reduce the variation in activation processing for each cell constituting the fuel cell, and to obtain an advantage.
- Example 3 corresponds to the invention of the first and fourth modes (forcing the force-sword pole to be in an oxygen-deficient state).
- a single-cell battery was configured with the membrane electrode assembly (M E A) produced in Example 1.
- Example 3 applies Figure 7 mutatis mutandis.
- This cell has, as shown in FIG. 7, an electrolyte membrane 100 formed of a solid polymer membrane, and anode and cathode poles 102 and 102 sandwiching the electrolyte membrane 100.
- a hydrogen-containing gas is supplied to the anode pole 101 from the gas distribution plate 103 via a flow path 104.
- Air is supplied from the gas distribution plate 105 to the cathode electrode 102 through the flow path 106.
- the oxygen utilization rate in the force-sword pole 102 is set to 200%. “The oxygen utilization rate is 200%” means that the force sword pole 1 0 2 Is in an oxygen-deficient state, and more electrochemical reduction than the electrochemical reduction reaction based on the amount of oxygen in the air supplied to the force-sword pole 102 has occurred at force-sword pole 102. means.
- the reason why the cell voltage output is improved by the activation process according to the third embodiment is presumed as follows. That is, in order to forcibly maintain the force-sword electrode 102 in the oxygen-deficient state at the time of activation treatment, the electrochemical reduction reaction of other substances is performed simultaneously with the electrochemical reduction reaction for oxygen at the force-sword electrode 102. It is surmised that it occurred positively. That is, it is considered that a product such as white gold oxide and adsorption species can be generated also in platinum constituting the catalyst in the force sword electrode 102, and platinum oxide in platinum constituting the catalyst metal in the force sword electrode 102. Etc. or electrochemical reduction reaction of the adsorbed species adsorbed on the catalyst metal occurs, thereby opening the active site of platinum as a catalyst, which in turn leads to the electrode reaction The inventors speculate that the reaction resistance is reduced and the cell voltage output is improved.
- Comparative Example 1 A single-cell battery was configured with the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) manufactured in Example 1. Then, at a cell temperature of 75 ° C., a natural gas reforming simulation gas (hydrogen utilization rate: 90%) containing air (oxygen utilization rate: 40%) in the force sword pole 102 and 10 ppm CO in the nonode pole 101 The normal power generation experiment was conducted at 0.38 amps Z cm 2 by supplying each at normal pressure. In this case, as shown in Table 1, an output of a cell voltage of 0.670 volts, which is lower than that of Examples 1 to 3, was obtained.
- MEA membrane electrode assembly
- Comparative Example 2 A single-cell battery was configured with the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) manufactured in Example 1. Then, at a cell temperature of 75 ° C., a natural gas reforming simulation gas containing air (oxygen utilization rate: 40%) in the power soda pole 102 and 10 ppm CO in the anode pole 101. Succeeding operation was carried out at 0. 50 amps Z cm 2 for 2 hours by supplying hydrogen gas (hydrogen utilization: 90%) at normal pressure. This corresponds to the conventional break-in operation. The potential of the force sword pole during the break-in operation of Comparative Example 2 was 0.55 to 0.66V. Thereafter, the normal power generation operation was performed at 0.38 amps / cm 2.
- MEA membrane electrode assembly
- Eo is a standard redox potential
- R is a gas constant
- T is an absolute temperature
- F is a constant number of Faraday.
- the electrode potential of platinum is thereby defined. Therefore, depending on the electrode potential during production, unused discharge, or power generation, the fuel cell may cause oxidation or adsorption of platinum on the surface of the platinum electrode. This reduces the active sites on the platinum surface. In order to reduce these products or to desorb the adsorbed species from platinum and release the occupied active sites, the platinum electrode potential is once below the equilibrium potential of these reactions (eg near 0 port). It is necessary to lower the potential, and as the platinum electrode potential is lower than the equilibrium potential, it is thought that the reduction or desorption rate is accelerated, the active site on the platinum surface is released, and the platinum is activated.
- a method is realized by increasing the oxygen reduction reaction rate (electrode current density) and increasing the polarization, or by excluding (removing) oxygen and oxidizing the platinum electrode potential by other oxidation. Two methods can be considered, including the method of regulation by reduction reaction.
- the hydrogen-containing gas is supplied to the anode electrode 101 from the flow path 104, and the force sort pole 102 is not oxidized from the flow path 150.
- nitrogen gas is supplied as a hydrogen source gas
- the present invention is not limited to this, and a hydrogen-containing gas is supplied to the anode electrode 101 from the flow path 104, A mixed gas (non-oxidizing gas) in which the hydrogen concentration is diluted rather than the hydrogen supplied to the anode electrode 101 may be supplied to the force sword electrode 102.
- the flow path 170 through which the hydrogen gas flows and the flow path 171 through which the dilution gas such as nitrogen gas flows are the distribution plates 10 5 of the force sword pole 102.
- a mixed gas in which the hydrogen gas from the flow path 170 and the dilution gas from the flow path 171 are mixed is supplied to the force sword pole 102.
- FIG. 9 shows another embodiment of Example 1, Example 2, and Example 3.
- a small load 205 whose electric resistance is relatively smaller than the electric resistance of the load 203 driven by a normal power generation reaction is provided.
- the small load 2 0 5 is provided between the anode pole 101 and the force sword pole 1 02 electrically in parallel with the load 2 0 3.
- a switching element 30 is provided.
- Switching element 300 has a first conductive path 202 flowing through load 203 driven by a normal power generation reaction, and a second conductive path flowing through small load 205 having a relatively small electric resistance. It has a function to switch between 2 0 6
- the first conductive path 202 flowing through the load 203 driven by the normal generation reaction is turned on by the switching element 300 and the second conductive path flowing through the small load 250 2 0 6 turns off.
- the first conductive path 2 02 flowing through the load 2 0 3 is turned off by the switching element 3 0 0 and the second conductive path 2 flowing through the small load 2 0 5 6 is turned on. Therefore, at the time of the activation process described above, the electrons (e ⁇ ) generated by the oxidation reaction of the anode electrode 101 have the second conductive path 2 0 6 with the small load 2 0 5 having a relatively small electric resistance.
- FIG. 10 shows still another form of the first embodiment, the second embodiment and the third embodiment.
- a battery 2 0 7 is provided in the conductive path 2 0. 8 as an external supply means for supplying electrons to the force sort pole 102.
- the negative electrode of the battery 2 0 7 is connected to the force-sword pole 12 0 2 and the positive electrode of the battery 2 0 7 is connectable to the anode 1 0 1.
- the conductive path 2 0 8 is provided in parallel with the conductive paths 2 0 2 and 2 0 6. At the time of activation, depending on the conditions, the potential of the force sort pole 102 may be lower than the potential of the anode pole 101.
- the switching element 300 may be turned on, and electrons may be forcibly supplied from the external battery 2 07 to the force-sword electrode 102 of the fuel cell to perform activation processing.
- the electrons forcibly supplied to the force sword electrode 102 ensure electrochemical reduction reaction (reduction reaction of catalyst oxide, adsorption species, etc.) in the force sword electrode 102, and The active site of the catalytic metal of the sword pole 102 is released.
- a capacitor may be used.
- FIG. 11 shows an application example. As shown in FIG. 11, this fuel cell power generation system is driven by the power generation reaction of a solid polymer fuel cell 301 formed of a stack of many cells and the fuel cell 301.
- a first conductive path 2 0 2 having a load 2 0 3, a second conductive path 2 0 6 flowing through a small load 2 0 5 having a relatively smaller electric resistance than the load 2 0 3 3, a second conductive path 2 0
- It has switching elements 300 for turning on and off 6, a second power source 302 for functioning as an auxiliary power source, and switching elements for switching the power source for driving the load 203.
- Switching element 3 0 3 connects a first switching element 3 0 4 which connects or disconnects fuel cell 3 0 1 and load 2 0 3, and a second power source 3 0 2 and load 2 0 3 or And a second switching element 3 0 5 which is not connected.
- the first switching element 304 is turned on and the second switching element 3 05 is turned off. Therefore, the load 2 0 3 and the fuel cell 3 0 1 are electrically connected, The load 2 0 3 and the second power source 3 0 2 2 are electrically disconnected, whereby the load 2 0 3 is driven by the power generation of the fuel cell 3 0 1.
- the second power source 302 may use a commercial power source as direct current or may use the second fuel cell.
- the activation process described above is performed for the fuel cell 301.
- the second switching element 305 is turned on and the first switching element 304 is turned off, thus the load 203 and the fuel cell 300 1 is electrically disconnected, and the load 2 0 3 and the second power source 3 0 2 are electrically connected, whereby the load 2 0 3 is not the fuel cell 3 0 1 but the second power source 3 It is driven by 0 2.
- the switching element 300 is turned on, the activation process of the first to third embodiments is performed, and the output of the cell voltage of the fuel cell 301 is recovered.
- the switching element 300 and the second switching element 300 are turned off again, the first switching element 304 is turned on, and the mode is switched to the normal power generation operation mode.
- the present invention is not limited to only the embodiments and application examples described above and shown in the drawings, and can be appropriately modified and implemented without departing from the scope of the invention.
- the polymer electrolyte fuel cell according to the present invention can be used in a fuel cell power generation system for vehicles, stationary vehicles, electrical devices, electronic devices and the like.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US10/556,942 US7923160B2 (en) | 2003-05-21 | 2004-05-19 | Method for activating solid polymer fuel cell |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2003-143126 | 2003-05-21 | ||
| JP2003143126A JP4038723B2 (ja) | 2003-05-21 | 2003-05-21 | 固体高分子型燃料電池の賦活方法 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| WO2004105168A1 true WO2004105168A1 (ja) | 2004-12-02 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2004/007149 Ceased WO2004105168A1 (ja) | 2003-05-21 | 2004-05-19 | 固体高分子型燃料電池の賦活方法 |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US7923160B2 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP4038723B2 (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2004105168A1 (ja) |
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| CN101340004B (zh) * | 2007-07-03 | 2013-08-21 | 现代自动车株式会社 | 加速激活燃料电池的设备和方法 |
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| JP5064723B2 (ja) * | 2006-05-25 | 2012-10-31 | パナソニック株式会社 | 燃料電池の運転方法 |
| JP2008311064A (ja) * | 2007-06-14 | 2008-12-25 | Canon Inc | 燃料電池システム及び燃料電池の活性化方法 |
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| JP5025389B2 (ja) * | 2007-08-29 | 2012-09-12 | 株式会社東芝 | 燃料電池発電システムの制御方法及び燃料電池発電システム |
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| JP5793031B2 (ja) * | 2011-09-05 | 2015-10-14 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 固体高分子型燃料電池の活性化方法 |
| JP5520904B2 (ja) * | 2011-09-16 | 2014-06-11 | 東芝燃料電池システム株式会社 | 燃料電池発電システムの運転方法 |
| JP5520905B2 (ja) * | 2011-09-16 | 2014-06-11 | 東芝燃料電池システム株式会社 | 燃料電池発電システムの運転方法 |
| KR102127293B1 (ko) * | 2013-09-04 | 2020-06-26 | 에스케이이노베이션 주식회사 | 서브 전력 조절부를 이용한 연료전지 시스템의 제어 장치 및 제어 방법 |
| CN108140856B (zh) | 2015-10-05 | 2020-09-29 | 日产自动车株式会社 | 燃料电池的状态判定方法和状态判定装置 |
| JP6907923B2 (ja) * | 2017-12-21 | 2021-07-21 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 固体高分子型燃料電池のエージング方法 |
| WO2020138338A1 (ja) * | 2018-12-26 | 2020-07-02 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 燃料電池の活性化方法及び活性化装置 |
| CN114447376A (zh) * | 2022-01-18 | 2022-05-06 | 同济大学 | 一种燃料电池电堆的快速活化方法 |
| CN115663239B (zh) * | 2022-10-13 | 2024-06-25 | 上海神力科技有限公司 | 一种燃料电池电堆阴极和阳极快速活化的方法 |
| KR102934896B1 (ko) * | 2022-11-21 | 2026-03-09 | 현대자동차주식회사 | 연료 전지 시스템의 운전 로직을 제공하기 위한 장치 |
| DE102023204309A1 (de) * | 2023-05-10 | 2024-11-14 | Robert Bosch Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung | Verfahren zum Konditionieren sowie Konditioniervorrichtung |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20070009773A1 (en) | 2007-01-11 |
| JP4038723B2 (ja) | 2008-01-30 |
| US7923160B2 (en) | 2011-04-12 |
| JP2004349050A (ja) | 2004-12-09 |
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