WO2004081642A1 - 表示システム - Google Patents
表示システム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2004081642A1 WO2004081642A1 PCT/JP2004/001845 JP2004001845W WO2004081642A1 WO 2004081642 A1 WO2004081642 A1 WO 2004081642A1 JP 2004001845 W JP2004001845 W JP 2004001845W WO 2004081642 A1 WO2004081642 A1 WO 2004081642A1
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- Prior art keywords
- layer
- light
- display system
- display
- light control
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/133553—Reflecting elements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/133553—Reflecting elements
- G02F1/133555—Transflectors
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/1336—Illuminating devices
- G02F1/133601—Illuminating devices for spatial active dimming
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F2202/00—Materials and properties
- G02F2202/34—Metal hydrides materials
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F2203/00—Function characteristic
- G02F2203/62—Switchable arrangements whereby the element being usually not switchable
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a display system, and more particularly, to a display system capable of performing both display in a transmission mode using transmitted light and display in a reflection mode using reflected light.
- reflection type liquid crystal display devices have been widely used as display devices for electronic devices for mopiles.
- Reflective liquid crystal display elements display by reflecting ambient light (external light), so they have excellent low power consumption and are very suitable for outdoor display.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. H11-11316382 discloses a transflective type (hereinafter, referred to as a transflective type) in which an area for reflecting light and an area for transmitting light are formed in each pixel.
- the liquid crystal display device is simply referred to as “dual-use type.”).
- This liquid crystal display element reflects light Display in reflection mode using ambient light in the area, and display in transmission mode using light from the backlight in the area where light is transmitted, so that display can be performed regardless of the intensity of ambient light . For this reason, such dual-use liquid crystal display elements are now being mounted on mobile phones and widely used.
- each pixel is divided into two areas having different light utilization modes, so that the reflection mode is used. Neither the display nor the display in the transmission mode can contribute one entire pixel to the display. Therefore, the display characteristics are not sufficient as compared with a conventional reflective liquid crystal display element or a transmissive liquid crystal display element in which one pixel contributes to display. That is, when displaying in the transmission mode, it is difficult to secure sufficient brightness because the area through which light is transmitted is small and the aperture ratio is small. Also, when displaying in the reflection mode, Since the light reflection area is narrow, it is difficult to ensure sufficient brightness. However, since light leakage occurs and the luminance in the black display state increases, there is also a problem that the contrast ratio decreases.
- the content displayed on the display of electronic devices for mopiles is not only simple text information, but also various types of still images such as photos and pictures, and even moving images. .
- the inventor of the present application determines the type of content to be displayed and the display mode. As a result of examining the relationship, when displaying text information or still images, it is often preferable to display the reflection mode that is easy on the eyes from the viewpoint of visibility, and when displaying moving images, it is necessary to reduce the brightness and brightness. It was found that transmission mode display is often preferable from the viewpoint of emphasis.
- the display characteristics are not sufficient as described above.
- the conventional dual-purpose LCD The display element cannot display the transmission mode in a part of the display area and cannot display the reflection mode in the other area.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems, and has as its main object to have good display characteristics in both the transmission mode display and the reflection mode display, to be used in a multi-scene, and / or to have a multi-content. It is an object of the present invention to provide a display system suitable for displaying the information.
- a display system includes a dimming element that can be presented by switching between a light reflecting state and a light transmitting state;
- each of the light control devices independently includes a light reflection state and a light transmission state.
- the display element has a first display area for performing display by modulating light transmitted through the light control element, and a display area by modulating light reflected by the light control element.
- a different type of display signal is supplied to the second display area for performing the following.
- the display element includes a plurality of pixels, and each of the plurality of regions included in the light control element corresponds to each of the plurality of pixels on a one-to-one basis.
- the dimming device has a laminated structure including a first layer and a second layer, and has a light reflectance of the first layer that changes in response to an external stimulus.
- the first layer includes a first material whose optical characteristics change according to the concentration of the specific element
- the second layer includes a second material that may include the specific element
- the second material includes The specific element is released or absorbed in response to the external stimulus.
- the dimming device is a dimming device including a dimming layer whose light reflectance changes in response to an external stimulus, wherein the dimming layer is optically controlled according to a concentration of a specific element. Including the first material whose mechanical properties change Wherein the first material is a particle.
- a display system is a display system including a dimming element that can be provided by switching between a light reflecting state and a light transmitting state, and a display element that performs display by modulating incident light.
- the light modulating element has a laminated structure including a first layer and a second layer, and is a light modulating element in which the light reflectance of the first layer changes in response to an external stimulus.
- a first material whose optical characteristics change according to the concentration of the specific element, the second layer includes a second material that may contain the specific element, and the second material is capable of responding to the external stimulus. The specific element is released or absorbed accordingly.
- the display element performs display by modulating light transmitted through the light control element and / or light reflected by the light control element.
- the element is hydrogen
- the first material can transition between a light reflecting state and a light transmitting state according to a hydrogen concentration.
- the second layer includes a hydrogen storage material.
- the first layer and the second layer operate in a region where the hydrogen equilibrium pressure-composition isotherm (PTC characteristic curve) is substantially flat.
- the hydrogen equilibrium pressures of the first layer and the second layer are substantially equal. It is.
- the range of the hydrogen storage amount in the region where the PTC characteristic curve in the second layer is substantially flat includes the range of the hydrogen storage amount in the region where the PTC characteristic curve in the first layer is substantially flat. I have.
- the second material emits or absorbs the specific element by transferring electrons.
- the second material emits or absorbs the specific element by light irradiation.
- the second layer contains a photocatalytic material.
- a pair of conductive layers for forming an electric field for moving ions of the specific element from the second material to the first material or from the first material to the second material. ing.
- the first and second layers are located between the pair of conductive layers.
- the first layer has conductivity and functions as one of the pair of conductive layers.
- the second layer has conductivity and functions as one of the pair of conductive layers.
- the second layer has a light transmitting property. .
- At least the first layer and the second layer One of them has a multilayer structure.
- a display system is a display system including a dimming element that can be provided by switching between a light reflecting state and a light transmitting state, and a display element that performs display by modulating incident light.
- the light modulating element is a light modulating element including a light modulating layer whose light reflectance changes in response to an external stimulus, and the light modulating layer has an optical characteristic according to a concentration of a specific element.
- the display element performs display by modulating light transmitted through the light control element and Z or light reflected by the light control element.
- the first material can transition between a light reflecting state and a light transmitting state according to the concentration of the specific element.
- the light control layer when the first material is in the light reflecting state, diffusely reflects light.
- the diameter of the particles is equal to or greater than 350 nm and equal to or less than the thickness of the light control layer.
- the specific element is hydrogen
- the device further includes a conversion layer including a second material that can contain the specific element, wherein the second material emits or absorbs the specific element in response to the external stimulus.
- the specific element is hydrogen
- the conversion layer includes a hydrogen storage material.
- each of the light control layer and the conversion layer It operates in a region where the hydrogen equilibrium pressure-composition isotherm (PTC characteristic curve) is almost flat.
- the hydrogen equilibrium pressures of the light control layer and the conversion layer are substantially equal.
- the range of the hydrogen storage amount in the region where the PTC characteristic curve in the conversion layer is substantially flat includes the range of the hydrogen storage amount in the region where the PTC characteristic curve in the light control layer is substantially flat.
- the second material emits or absorbs the specific element by transferring electrons.
- the second material emits or absorbs the specific element by an electrochemical reaction.
- a pair of conductive layers for forming an electric field for moving ions of the specific element from the second material to the first material or from the first material to the second material. ing.
- the light control layer and the conversion layer are located between the pair of conductive layers.
- the light control layer has conductivity, and functions as one of the pair of conductive layers.
- the conversion layer has conductivity and functions as one of the pair of conductive layers.
- the conversion layer has a light transmitting property. You.
- At least one of the light control layer and the conversion layer has a multilayer structure.
- the display element is a liquid crystal display element having a pair of substrates and a liquid crystal layer provided between the pair of substrates.
- the display device further includes an illuminating device arranged on a side opposite to a viewer with respect to the display element.
- the dimming device is arranged between the display device and the lighting device.
- the dimming device is provided inside the display device.
- the display element includes a first color filter.
- the light control element includes a second color filter.
- the display element includes a first color filter
- the dimming element includes a second color filter
- the second color filter observes the first layer. Is located on the opposite side of the person.
- the display element includes a first color filter
- the light control element includes a second color filter
- the second color filter includes a first color filter and a second color filter. Is located on the side opposite to the observer.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a display system according to the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram schematically illustrating a state in which the display mode is switched according to the type of content.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing a mode of switching the display mode.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing a mode of switching the display mode.
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing the configuration of the light control device.
- FIGS. 6 (a), (b) and (c) are diagrams showing the operation principle of the dimming device shown in FIG.
- FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing the light control device.
- FIG. 8 is a graph showing a hydrogen equilibrium pressure-composition isotherm (PTC characteristic curve) of the light control layer and the conversion layer.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing the operation of another light control element.
- FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing another light modulating device.
- FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view schematically illustrating another light modulating device.
- FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing another dimming device.
- FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view schematically illustrating another light modulating device.
- FIG. 14 is a sectional view showing a first embodiment of the display system according to the present invention.
- FIG. 15 is a sectional view showing a second embodiment of the display system according to the present invention.
- FIG. 16 is a sectional view showing a third embodiment of the display system according to the present invention.
- FIG. 17 is a sectional view showing a third embodiment of the display system according to the present invention.
- FIG. 18 is a sectional view showing a third embodiment of the display system according to the present invention.
- FIG. 19 is a sectional view showing a fourth embodiment of the display system according to the present invention.
- FIG. 20 is a cross-sectional view schematically illustrating a configuration of a light control element including light control particles.
- FIG. 21 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a light control device including light control particles.
- FIGS. 22 (a) and 22 (b) are cross-sectional views schematically showing other light control elements including light control particles.
- FIG. 23 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing another light modulating element including light modulating particles.
- the display system 100 includes a dimming element 10 that can be provided by switching between a light reflecting state and a light transmitting state, and a display element 20 that performs display by modulating incident light.
- the display system 100 A backlight (illumination device) 30 is provided on the back side of the display element 20 (the side opposite to the observer).
- the light control element 10 is an element that can be switched between a state of reflecting light and a state of transmitting light, and is disposed between the display element 20 and the backlight 30. As shown in FIG. 1, the light control element 10 in the present embodiment has a laminated structure including a light control layer 1 and a conversion layer 2, and the light reflectance of the light control layer 1 changes in response to an electrical stimulus. I do.
- the light control element 10 further includes a pair of electrodes 3 a and 3 b sandwiching the light control layer 1 and the conversion layer 2. A more specific configuration and operation principle of the light control element 10 will be described later.
- the display element 20 can modulate both the light incident from the front side and the light incident from the rear side, and reflects the light transmitted through the light control element 10 and / or reflected by the light control element 10. The information is displayed by modulating the reflected light.
- the display element 20 is, for example, a liquid crystal display element having a pair of substrates and a liquid crystal layer provided between these substrates.
- the display element 20 includes a transparent electrode provided on the liquid crystal layer side surface of the pair of substrates. By applying a voltage, the alignment state of the liquid crystal layer is controlled, thereby modulating light passing through the liquid crystal layer.
- the display element 20 is not limited to a liquid crystal display element, and any display element that can modulate light incident from the front side and the back side can be used.
- the dimming element 10 when the dimming element 10 is in a light transmitting state and the backlight 30 is turned on (turned on), the lighting device 30 is turned off. Since these lights pass through the light control element 10 and enter the display element 20, the display element 100 modulates this incident light so that the display system 100 performs display in the transmission mode. Can be.
- the dimming element 10 when the dimming element 10 is in a light reflecting state, light incident on the display element 20 from the front side passes through the display element 20 and then dims. Since the light is reflected at 10 and passes through the display element 20 again, by modulating the light in this process, the display system 100 can perform the display in the reflection mode.
- the backlight 30 may be turned off (turned off) in synchronization with the switching of the light control element 10 to the light reflection state, or may be turned on (keeping on). Even if the backlight 30 remains lit, the light from the lighting device 30 is reflected by the dimming element 10 and hardly enters the display element 20.
- the display system 100 can switch between the display in the reflection mode and the display in the transmission mode, and can use the display element 20 as a reflective display element or a transmissive display element. It can function. Since each of the plurality of pixels included in the display element 200 does not need to be divided into an area that reflects light and an area that transmits light, the display system 100 transmits light even in a reflective mode display. Also in the mode display, the entirety of one pixel can contribute to the display. Therefore, as compared with the conventional transmissive / reflective liquid crystal display device disclosed in Patent Document 1, it is possible to realize a brighter display with a higher contrast ratio in both the reflection mode and the transmission mode. it can. Therefore, the display system 100 according to the present invention can be suitably used in various situations, that is, in multi-scenes.
- the light modulating element 10 preferably has a plurality of regions (referred to as “light modulating regions”) each of which can be independently switched between a light reflecting state and a light transmitting state.
- light modulating regions a plurality of regions
- the light reflection state and the light transmission state of each dimming region can be selectively switched according to the type of the information.
- an optimal visibility mode is set according to the type of content. Since display can be performed, the display system 100 can be suitably used for multi-content display.
- the reflection mode is displayed in the area where the character information is displayed and the transmission mode is displayed in the area where the moving image information and the still image information are displayed, the content is illustrated.
- the correspondence between and the display mode is not limited to this.
- the display in the reflection mode may be performed in the area where the still image information is displayed.
- the electrodes 3a and 3b sandwiching the light control layer 1 and the conversion layer 2 are patterned into a predetermined shape, so that a plurality of light control layers 1 are formed. Electrical stimulation can be applied to each part independently, and a plurality of dimming regions can be provided.
- the number, size, arrangement, etc. of the dimming areas depend on the application of the display system 100 What is necessary is just to determine suitably according to the etc.
- the dimming element 10 is relatively roughly divided, and the size of the content displayed in the display area 20r is smaller than the dimming area 10r. (The size of the displayed area) may be adjusted.
- the dimming element 10 is divided into substantially the same size as the pixels of the display element 20 and is adjusted to the size of the content displayed in the display area 20r.
- the light transmission state and the light reflection state of each light control region 1Or may be arbitrarily switched.
- a dimming region 10 r is defined at the intersection of the electrodes 3 a and 3 b patterned in a strip at substantially the same pitch as the pixel pitch of the display element 20.
- 0 r corresponds to each pixel of the display element 20 on a one-to-one basis.
- the display signal conversion controller 21 converts the content information to be displayed into a signal for display, and then sends a signal to a display element drive circuit (display element driver) 22 that drives the display element 20.
- the synchronized signal is also sent to a dimming element driving circuit (dimming element driver) 12 for driving the dimming element 10 so that the signal is adjusted according to the type of content displayed on the display element 20.
- the light reflection state and the light transmission state of each light control region of the optical element 10 can be selectively switched.
- a light control mirror that can freely adjust the light reflectance and the light transmittance can be realized. If a dimming mirror is used, for example, as a window glass in a building or an automobile, it can block (reflect) or transmit sunlight as required.
- Such a light control mirror has, for example, a structure in which a palladium layer is formed on an yttrium thin film.
- Palladium has the function of preventing the surface oxidation of the thin film of yttrium and the function of efficiently converting hydrogen molecules in the atmosphere into hydrogen atoms and supplying it to the yttrium.
- YH 2 is a metal, it is a YH semiconductor and is transparent because its forbidden band has a large energy of visible light.
- an Mg 2 N i thin film is disclosed in a lecture meeting of the Japan Society of Applied Physics, Spring 2001 Spring 31-a-ZS-14 .
- the optical state of the thin film can be changed, it is difficult to use the dimming device using the configurations described therein.
- the light control element 10 has a laminated structure including a light control layer Ml and a conversion layer M2, and the light reflectance of the light control layer M1 changes in response to an external stimulus. .
- the light modulating layer M1 includes a light modulating material whose optical characteristics change according to the concentration of the specific element.
- Preferred examples of the light modulating material are the aforementioned Y, La, and Mg 2 Ni alloys, and materials such as ⁇ , La, and Mg 2 Ni alloys are: Transitions between metal-semiconductor (or insulator) states according to the hydrogen concentration.
- the conversion layer M2 includes a material (hereinafter, referred to as a "conversion material") that can contain a specific element such as hydrogen.
- the conversion material emits or absorbs the above-mentioned specific element (eg, hydrogen) in response to an external stimulus such as injection of charge (electrons or holes), Z emission, or light irradiation.
- FIG. 6A shows an initial state of the light control layer M1 and the conversion layer M2 included in the structure of FIG.
- an equilibrium state is formed between the light control layer M1 that does not substantially store hydrogen and the conversion layer M2 that has previously stored hydrogen. Since there is no sufficient concentration of hydrogen in the light control layer M1, the light control layer M1 is in a metallic state and has a metallic luster.
- a negative potential is applied to the light control layer M1 and a positive potential is applied to the conversion layer M2.
- the light control layer Electrons are injected into Ml from a negative electrode (not shown), and the light control layer Ml becomes electron-rich.
- holes are injected into the conversion layer M 2 (electrons are extracted).
- the holes injected into the conversion layer M2 move inside the conversion layer M2 toward the light control layer M1. If holes are further continuously injected into the conversion layer M2 in such a hole movement process, the conversion layer M2 becomes a hole-rich state. For this reason, the conversion layer M2 is in a state where hydrogen ions are easily released, while the light control layer Ml receives and retains hydrogen ions from the conversion layer M2.
- M l (H) and M 2 (H) indicate a state in which hydrogen is retained in the light control layer M 1 and a state in which hydrogen is retained in the conversion layer M 2, respectively. .
- the light control device 10 shown in FIG. 7 has a laminated structure including the light control layer 1 and the conversion layer 2, and the light reflectance (optical characteristics) of the light control layer 1 changes in response to an electrical stimulus.
- the light control device includes a pair of electrodes 3 a and 3 b sandwiching the light control layer 1 and the conversion layer 2, and a substrate 4 that supports a laminated structure.
- An appropriate voltage can be externally applied to the pair of electrodes 3a and 3b, but the electrode 3a and the electrode 3b can be simply short-circuited as appropriate.
- the order of laminating the conversion layer 2 and the dimming layer 1 on the substrate 4 is not limited to that shown in the drawing.
- the conversion layer 2 is arranged on the side close to the substrate 4 and the dimming layer 1 is placed thereon. It may be formed.
- the light control layer 1 in the present embodiment includes a light control material (for example, yttrium) whose optical characteristics change according to the hydrogen concentration.
- the light control layer 1 may be formed entirely or partially from a single or multi-layer light control material, or in a state where particles of the light control material are dispersed or connected in a film made of another material. May be present.
- Conversion layer 2 contains a conversion material that can contain hydrogen. This conversion material exchanges electrons with the electrode 3a, and thereby can perform absorption Z absorption of hydrogen ions (H +).
- the light control layer 1 can be manufactured by a vapor deposition method, a sputtering method, or the like. When the light control layer 1 functions as a mirror exhibiting a metallic luster, it is preferable to form the light control layer 1 from a film having as excellent flatness as possible.
- the conversion material contained in the conversion layer 2 can store and hold hydrogen atoms or ions in a steady state, and changes the hydrogen storage amount (retention amount) according to an external stimulus.
- a material capable of storing such hydrogen L a N i 5, MnN i 5, C a N i 5, T i Mn ⁇ , Z r Mn ⁇ 5, Z r Mn 2, T i N i, T i Alloys such as Fe and Mg 2 Ni can be used.
- carbon nanotubes (CNT) can be used.
- the conversion layer 2 contains an electrically conductive material in addition to the hydrogen storage material. Is also good. When an electrically conductive material is included in the conversion layer 2, exchange of hydrogen ions with the light control layer 1 can be performed quickly.
- the electrically conductive material a material capable of conducting ions, such as a liquid or solid electrolyte, a conductive high molecule that conducts electric charges (electrons or holes), or a charge transfer complex can be used.
- the conversion layer 2 may include a binder material such as a binder resin, if necessary, in addition to the hydrogen storage material and the electrically conductive material. Note that a separator layer may be inserted between the light control layer and the conversion layer in order to surely prevent the charge injected from one electrode from moving to the other electrode as it is.
- a material for the separation layer it is desirable to select a material that can transfer ions but does not easily transfer charges.
- a material that can transfer ions but does not easily transfer charges For example, an ion exchanger, a porous insulator, an ion conductive polymer material, or the like can be used.
- By disposing a separate layer made of such a material it is ensured that charges injected from the electrode are prevented from penetrating to the opposite electrode, so that the efficiency of charge transfer between the light control layer and the conversion layer is improved. Can be increased.
- the conversion layer 2 When the conversion layer 2 is formed from a mixture of a plurality of materials, a solution in which these materials are dissolved in a solvent is prepared, and the conversion layer 2 is prepared by applying the solution by a spin coating method and a printing method. Can be formed. Such a conversion layer 2 may be formed using an ink jet method or another thin film deposition technique.
- the transfer of hydrogen between the conversion layer 2 and the light control layer 1 can be caused by the mechanism described above. Therefore, for example, using a light control layer 1 in which hydrogen is not doped in the initial state and a conversion layer 2 in which hydrogen is stored in advance, and applying a voltage as shown in FIG. Moves from the side to the negative electrode side and is doped into the light control layer 1. That is, a hydrogen releasing reaction proceeds on the positive electrode side, and a bonding reaction between hydrogen and a metal proceeds on the negative electrode side to form a hydrogen metal compound.
- the electrode 3a and the electrode 3b may be short-circuited outside the laminated structure.
- Such a short circuit is a phenomenon similar to the discharge in the secondary battery, and can restore the internal state of the laminated structure to the initial state.
- the conversion layer 2 and the dimming layer 1 have the ability to retain hydrogen, when no voltage is applied (when the external circuit is open), no movement of hydrogen occurs and the dimming layer 1
- the optical state is maintained (memory function of light control layer). For this reason, if a material having excellent hydrogen retention ability is selected, the dimming state can be maintained for a long time without consuming power.
- a light control layer 1 doped with hydrogen in advance and a conversion layer 2 in which hydrogen is not stored may be used.
- the dimming is achieved by applying a positive potential to the dimming layer 1 and a negative potential to the conversion layer 2.
- Hydrogen may be transferred from layer 1 to conversion layer 2, thereby changing the optical state of the light modulating material in light modulating layer 1.
- the light control material can be controlled by the amount of hydrogen doping
- the light control is performed by adjusting the voltage applied to the electrode and the application time (duty ratio, etc.).
- the light reflectance and the light transmittance of the layer 1 can be controlled. If the memory property based on the hydrogen retention capacity is used, it is easy to maintain appropriate light reflectance and Z light transmittance.
- the PTC characteristic curve shows the relationship between the hydrogen storage amount and the hydrogen equilibrium pressure.
- the horizontal axis indicates the hydrogen storage amount
- the vertical axis indicates the hydrogen equilibrium pressure.
- the hydrogen storage pressure can be changed under a certain equilibrium pressure, so the hydrogen equilibrium pressure is kept constant. In this state, hydrogen absorption Z release can be performed reversibly.
- the dimming element of the present embodiment performs the switching operation in the blast region of the PTC characteristic curve. It is desirable that the conversion layer 2 and the light control layer 1 exhibit substantially the same PTC characteristics. More specifically, as shown in FIG. 8, in the PTC characteristic curves of the conversion layer 2 and the dimming layer 1, the ranges of the “hydrogen storage amount” in the plateau region overlap, and the level of the “hydrogen equilibrium pressure” It is desirable that they are almost equal.
- the light control layer 1 and Transfer of hydrogen between the conversion layer 2 can be performed smoothly. If the hydrogen equilibrium pressure difference between the dimming layer 1 and the conversion layer 2 increases, even if hydrogen absorption and desorption occur in each layer, hydrogen can be exchanged between the two layers. This is because it will not be possible.
- the hydrogen storage amount range (width) of the PTC characteristic curve in the conversion layer 2 in the flat region is the size including the hydrogen storage amount range (width) in the plateau region of the PTC characteristic curve in the light control layer 1. It is even better to have.
- the width of the change in the hydrogen storage amount in the conversion layer 2 is limited to the state of the light control layer 1. If the hydrogen doping amount required for the change is smaller than the change width, the optical state of the light control layer 1 cannot be sufficiently changed.
- the dimming element 10 shown in FIG. 7 performs switching between the metal reflection state and the transparent state, it is preferable that the entire element has high transparency.
- the conversion layer 2 In order to form a state of high transparency, not only the substrate 4 and the electrodes 3a and 3b, but also the conversion layer 2. must be formed of a material having high transmittance (no absorption) in the entire range of the visible light castle. There is.
- a conversion material such as a hydrogen storage material is often a metal or a colored material, and it may be difficult to form a highly transparent conversion layer 2 from such a conversion material layer. For this reason, it is preferable to form the conversion layer 2 by mixing fine particles of the conversion material with a transparent material.
- nanoparticles having a particle size equal to or smaller than the wavelength of light are formed from a conversion material, and these nanoparticles are formed using a highly transparent binder resin. Can be combined.
- the conversion layer 2 produced in this way not only can exhibit both transparency and hydrogen storage capacity, but also has a surface area that is increased by converting the conversion material into nanoparticles. It is expected that the absorption / release efficiency will also increase. It is preferable that the efficiency of hydrogen absorption and desorption by the conversion material be increased because the response speed of the dimming operation is improved.
- Carbon-based materials (CNT, fullerene, etc.) and potassium-graphite intercalation compounds can also be used as the conversion material in the ultrafine particle state.
- the conductive polymer material P 1 transports both electron and hole charges between the light control layer 1 and the conversion layer 2 It is preferable to arrange a film of Instead of arranging a polymer membrane having charge mobility, an electrolyte membrane may be arranged.
- an electrolyte membrane When an electrolyte membrane is provided, the movement of hydrogen ions is likely to occur via the electrolyte, so that the characteristics can be improved.
- the conductive polymer material P1 is doped with ions for imparting conductivity, it also has a function as an electrolyte membrane.
- the conductive high molecular material P 1 and a binder resin a material obtained by blending an acrylic resin with a refractive index power substantially equal to that of S glass can be used.
- the light control element is not limited to the above, and various modifications are possible.
- the other dimming elements 10A to 10D will be described with reference to FIGS.
- the dimming element 10A shown in FIGS. 9 and 10 can perform switching between a metal diffuse reflection (white> state and a light transmission state).
- the light control element 1OA has a structure in which an electrode 3b, a conversion layer 2, a light control layer 1, and an electrode 3a are stacked in this order on a substrate 4 having irregularities. Have. Due to the diffuse reflection, fine projections and Zs or depressions exist on the surface of the light control layer 1.
- the electrodes 3a and 3b are omitted for simplicity. Since fine projections exist on the surface of the light control layer 1, light can be diffusely reflected when the light control layer 1 is in a metal reflection state as shown on the left side of FIG. On the other hand, when the light control layer 1 is in a transparent state, as shown on the right side of FIG. 9, the conversion layer 2 located below absorbs light.
- the entire flatness of the conversion layer 2 and the light control layer 1 has a shape reflecting the unevenness of the substrate.
- the top surface the surface on the light reflection side
- the bottom surface of the light control layer 1 has a shape reflecting the unevenness of the base.
- the conversion layer 2 as the base does not need to have a concavo-convex structure
- the substrate surface and the conversion layer 2 should be formed flat, and only the upper surface of the light control layer 1 should be fine.
- the light control element 1 OA when the light control layer 1 is in the metal reflection state, the reflected light is scattered and recognized as white. Therefore, the surface of the light control layer 1 looks white.
- the light control element 10A can have the same configuration as the light control element 10 except that the substrate 4 having the unevenness formed on the surface is used.
- the conversion layer 2 potassium-graphite intercalation compound, which is a hydrogen storage material, An electroconductive polymer material PI (a material capable of transporting both electrons and holes) and a binder resin blended with an acryl-based resin can be suitably used.
- the light control layer 1 itself also serves as one of the electrodes. Since the light control layer 1 is basically a metal thin film, it can function as an electrode. Since the light control layer 1 also functions as an electrode, one process of forming the electrode is simplified, and the number of steps of manufacturing the light control element can be reduced.
- the dimming element 10 B in FIG. 11 is a transparent monometallic reflection dimming element
- the dimming layer 1 also serves as an electrode even for the other types of dimming elements described above. Can be.
- the light modulating element 10C has a configuration in which the conversion layer is separated into a plurality of layers of a first conversion layer 2a and a second conversion layer 2b.
- the light control layer 1 is formed by the two conversion layers 2a and 2b. Adopting the sandwiching configuration enables efficient doping and increases the speed of the state change required for dimming. Since the light control layer 1 can function as an electrode, the light control layer 1 is used as an electrode in the example of FIG. In the example of Fig.
- the portion that absorbs and desorbs hydrogen has a three-layer structure of the first conversion layer 2a, the dimming layer 1, and the second conversion layer 2b. It is also possible. If the dimming layer 1 is a single layer, the degree of dimming Even if the light control is insufficient, the degree of light control can be sufficiently increased by increasing the number of light control layers 1.
- the conversion layer 2 has a multilayer structure in order to separate the function of the conversion layer 2.
- the function of the conversion layer 2 is to store hydrogen and release and re-store hydrogen in response to charge injection Z release. Rather than performing these functions with one material, it is easier to select different materials for each function and stack layers of each material. That is, the conversion layer is composed of a first conversion layer 2a formed of a charge transport material or an electrolyte material for exchanging charges or ions, and a second conversion layer 2b formed of a material having a hydrogen storage function. By separating the hydrogen, efficient hydrogen transfer can be performed.
- a charge / ion exchange layer formed by mixing a conductive polymer material P 1 (a material capable of transporting both electron and hole charges) and an acrylic resin having a refractive index almost equal to that of glass is used as the first layer.
- conversion layer 2a used as conversion layer 2a.
- the second conversion layer is formed using a blended resin obtained by mixing ultra-fine particles (dispersion center radius: 10 nm) of Ni alloy, which is an AB5 type Mm hydrogen storage alloy, with an acryl-based resin whose refractive index is almost the same as glass. It functions as 2b.
- FIG. 14 a first embodiment of a display system according to the invention The form will be described.
- the display system 100 A includes a liquid crystal display element 20 and a backlight (a side opposite to the observer) disposed on the liquid crystal display element 20.
- Lighting device) 30 and a dimming device 10 disposed between the liquid crystal display device 20 and the backlight 30.
- a pair of polarizing plates 40a and 40b is provided so as to sandwich the liquid crystal display element 20 and the light control element 10 therebetween.
- the liquid crystal display element 20 includes a pair of substrates 21 and 22 and a liquid crystal layer 23 provided therebetween.
- electrodes 24 and 25 for applying a voltage to the liquid crystal layer 23 and an alignment film for aligning the liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer 23 26 and 27 are provided, and the substrate 21 on the back side is an active matrix substrate provided with a thin film transistor 28 as a switching element for each pixel.
- the liquid crystal display element 20 has almost the same configuration as a general transmission type liquid crystal display element, and can be manufactured in substantially the same manner.
- the dimming element 10 is disposed on the rear side, it is preferable that the substrate 21 on the rear side be as thin as possible from the viewpoints of securing light transmittance and reducing parallax.
- a glass substrate is used as the substrate 21 on the rear side, and the liquid crystal display element 20 is tightly sealed around its outer periphery and then placed in a glass etchant, whereby the thickness of the substrate 21 is reduced. Is set to 0.2 mm.
- the light control element 10 in the present embodiment includes a light control layer 1 and a conversion layer 2.
- the light reflectance (optical characteristics) of the light control layer 1 changes in response to an electrical stimulus.
- the light control element 10 further includes a pair of electrodes 3 a and 3 b sandwiching the light control layer 1 and the conversion layer 2, and a substrate 4 supporting a laminated structure.
- the light control element 10 is manufactured as follows.
- a glass substrate is prepared as the substrate 4, and a transparent conductive film made of ITO and having a thickness of 150 nm is formed on the surface thereof by a sputtering method.
- a plastic substrate may be used as the substrate 4.
- an electrode 3b is formed by patterning the transparent conductive film into a stripe at substantially the same pitch as the pixel pitch of the liquid crystal display element 20.
- ultra-fine particles (dispersion center radius: 10 nm) of Ni alloy, which is AB5 type Mm hydrogen storage alloy, conductive polymer material PI (material capable of transporting both electron and hole charges) and binder resin
- Ni alloy which is AB5 type Mm hydrogen storage alloy
- conductive polymer material PI material capable of transporting both electron and hole charges
- binder resin The conversion layer 2 is formed on the electrode 3b using a blend of acryl-based resin having a refractive index substantially equal to that of glass. Since this blend resin can be made into a solution, the conversion layer 2 is formed to have a thickness of about 500 nm using a spin coating method.
- the hydrogen storage alloy use an alloy that stores hydrogen in advance.
- the light control layer 1 having a thickness of 50 nm is formed by depositing yttrium (Y) on the conversion layer 2.
- Y yttrium
- a transparent conductive film made of ITO is formed on the light control layer 1 by a sputtering method, and the transparent conductive film is striped so as to be orthogonal to the electrode 3 at substantially the same pitch as the pixel pitch of the liquid crystal display element 20.
- Electrode by patterning Form 3a A dimming region is defined for each intersection of the striped electrodes 3a and 3b, and each dimming region corresponds to each pixel of the liquid crystal display element 20.
- the light control device 10 and the liquid crystal display device 20 thus manufactured are overlapped with each other so that the light control region and the pixel overlap each other, and these are sandwiched between polarizing plates 40a and 40b. Further, the display system 100A can be obtained by arranging the backlight 30 on the back side of the dimming element 10. As the backlight 30, an illumination device used for a general transmission type liquid crystal display device can be used.
- the display system 100'A can switch between the light transmitting state and the light reflecting state of the dimming element 10 by applying a voltage, and the liquid crystal display element 20 can be used as a reflective liquid crystal display element. It can also function as a liquid crystal display element. Therefore, an optimal display mode can be selected according to the intensity of the ambient light. Further, in the display system 100A, the display mode is switched by switching the dimming element 100, so that each of the plurality of pixels of the liquid crystal display element 20 has a light-reflecting area and a light-reflecting area. It is not necessary to divide the pixel into a region that transmits light, and the entire pixel can contribute to the display in both the reflection mode display and the transmission mode display.
- the display system 100A can be suitably used in various situations, that is, in a multi-scene.
- the electrodes 3a and 3b are patterned in a predetermined shape, and each of the dimming elements 10 can independently exhibit a plurality of light-switching states between a light-reflecting state and a light-transmitting state.
- the display system 100 A is suitable for multi-content display.
- the display element is divided into a display area in which display is performed by modulating light transmitted through the light control element 10 and a display area in which display is performed by modulating light reflected by the light control element 10.
- different types of display signals can be supplied.
- the pixels that perform display in the reflection mode and the pixels that perform display in the transmission mode have different dynamic ranges even when the same gradation is output, and also have different magnitudes of electric signals to be supplied to the pixels.
- it is considered that the change in the characteristics of light can be increased with a smaller control width in the reflection mode.
- each pixel of the liquid crystal display element 20 can perform an optimal display in the display mode, thereby increasing the visibility. Can be displayed at a high level.
- the display system 100 B in the present embodiment is different from the display system 100 A shown in FIG. 14 in that the dimming device 10 is installed inside the liquid crystal display device 20. .
- the dimming element 10 is built in the liquid crystal display element 20. More specifically, when manufacturing the active matrix substrate on the rear surface side, a process of manufacturing the light control element 10 is introduced to provide the light control element 10 on the substrate 21.
- the dimming element 10 is formed in each pixel.
- the light control element 10 can be manufactured in the same manner as in the first embodiment.
- a flattening film (overcoat layer) 29 is formed so as to cover the TFT 28 and the light control element 10, and then formed on the flattening film 29.
- the active matrix substrate is completed by electrically connecting the pixel electrode 24 and the TFT 28 via the through hole 29a.
- the liquid crystal display element 20 in which the dimming element 10 is provided is completed by bonding the liquid crystal material to be the liquid crystal layer 23 by bonding the liquid crystal layer 23 to the counter substrate.
- the display system 100 B in the present embodiment can also perform display in both the reflection mode and the transmission mode by switching between the light reflection state and the light transmission state of the light control element 10.
- the display system 10 OA shown in FIG. 1 it is suitably used for multi-scene use and multi-content display.
- the dimming element 10 is further provided inside the liquid crystal display element 20, it is possible to reduce the thickness and weight of the entire display system.
- the dimming element 10 is provided inside the liquid crystal display element 20, parallax can be reduced, so that display quality can be further improved.
- the substrate 21 is not interposed between the light control element 10 and the liquid crystal display element 20, parallax is reduced by that amount.
- FIG. 16 A third embodiment of the display system according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. 16, FIG. 17 and FIG.
- Each of the display systems 100 C, 100 D, and 100 E in the present embodiment includes a color filter, and can perform color display.
- the dimming element 10 of the display system 100 C, 100 D, and 100 E and the liquid crystal display element 20 the display systems 100 A and 1 shown in FIGS. The same thing as 0 OB can be used.
- the liquid crystal display element 20 includes a color filter 50. Specifically, the color filter 50 is formed on the surface of the substrate 22 on the front surface side on the liquid crystal layer 23 side.
- the dimming element 10 includes the color filter 50. Specifically, the color filter 50 is arranged on the front side. Formed on the electrode 3a.
- both the liquid crystal display element 20 and the light control element 100 include the color filter element 50, and the color filter element 50 includes the liquid crystal display element 2.
- 0 is formed on the substrate 21 on the front side and on the electrode 3 a on the front side of the dimming element 10.
- the above-described display systems 100 C, 100 D, and 100 E have different arrangements of the force filters, respectively, but all can perform a full color display.
- both the dimming element 10 and the liquid crystal display element 20 are provided with the color filters 50, so that the coloring effect by the color filter is large and the color purity is high. The display of high can be performed.
- both the liquid crystal display element 20 and the light control element 10 include a color filter.
- the power filter 50 is formed on the electrode 3 a on the front side, whereas in the present embodiment, The conversion layer 2 ′ of the light control device 10 also functions as a color filter, and the conversion layer 2 ′ functioning as a color filter is disposed on the opposite side of the light control layer 1 from the viewer. .
- the conversion layer 2 ′ which also functions as a color filter, can be formed, for example, by mixing each of the R, G and B coloring pigments in the transparent conversion layer described in the first embodiment. Since the conversion layer material mixed with each of the R, G, and B coloring pigments can be made into a solution, the conversion layer 2 ′ can be formed according to the pixel pattern using the ink jet method.
- the present invention is not limited to the inkjet method, and may be formed using a screen printing method or a mouth printing method.
- the conversion layer 2 'on the back side of the light control layer 1 also functions as a color filter. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 19, the light passes through the color filter twice (one time each through the color filter 50 and the conversion layer 2 ′) when displaying in the transmission mode, and Also passes the color filter twice (two times through the color filter 50) when displaying in the reflection mode. That is, the number of times light passes through the color filter in the reflection mode and the transmission mode is the same. Therefore, the colors in the reflection mode display and the transmission mode display can be close to each other, and the display quality can be further improved.
- the color in the reflection mode can be optimized by adjusting the color of the color filter 50.
- the transmission mode light passes through the color filter 50 of the liquid crystal display element 20 and the color filter (conversion layer 2 ′) of the light control element 10 once each. Therefore, the color in the transmission mode can be optimized by adjusting the color of the conversion layer 2 ′ after setting the color filter 50 so that the color is optimal in the reflection mode.
- a dimming device including a thin film containing a dimming material as a dimming layer has been exemplified.
- a dimming device in which the dimming material is formed into particles may be used.
- this light control device has a laminated structure including a light control layer Ml and a conversion layer M2, and the light reflectance of the light control layer M1 changes in response to an external stimulus. I do.
- the light control layer M 1 includes particles of a light control material (hereinafter, sometimes referred to as “light control particles”) whose optical characteristics change according to the concentration of a specific element.
- a light control material hereinafter, sometimes referred to as “light control particles”
- the light modulating material is, Y described above, L a, a M g 2 N i alloys, Y, L a, the materials such as M g 2 N i alloys, metal first semiconductor (or depending on the hydrogen concentration Insulator) Transitions between states.
- the light control layer Ml contains, for example, a binder resin, and the light control particles ml are dispersed in the binder resin.
- the light modulating layer Ml contains an electrolytic material (such as a conductive polymer) for transporting hydrogen ions or hydrogen from the conversion layer M2.
- the conversion layer M2 contains a conversion material that can contain a specific element such as hydrogen.
- the conversion material emits or absorbs the above-mentioned specific element (eg, hydrogen) in response to an external stimulus such as injection and emission of electric charges (electrons and holes) or light irradiation.
- This light modulating element can also switch between the reflective state and the transparent state by the same mechanism as the light modulating element shown in FIG.
- the light control layer M 1 includes the light control particles m 1
- the individual light control particles m 1 mirror-reflect light when in the metal state, but the reflection direction is random, and
- the light layer M1 as a whole diffusely reflects light. As a result, white reflected light is obtained.
- the following advantages can be obtained by making the light modulating material into particles.
- the surface area of the light control material can be increased as compared with the case where a thin film made of the light control material is used as the light control layer. Therefore, the reaction efficiency between the light modulating material and hydrogen is improved, and higher-speed switching becomes possible.
- the state of the light control material included in the light control layer can be controlled more reliably, the difference in reflectance between the diffuse reflection state and the transparent state of the light control layer can be increased. Wear. Therefore, when this light control element is used in a display system, a clearer display can be obtained. Further, in the light control device, light incident on the light control layer is diffusely reflected, which is particularly advantageous for application to a display system.
- each light control particle m 1 has a particle size larger than the wavelength of visible light. Therefore, the particle diameter of the light control particles m1 is preferably at least 350 nm. More preferably, it is at least 8 OO nm. When the thickness is 800 nm or more, visible light can be more reliably prevented from transmitting through the light control particles m1, and thus the light reflectance of the light control layer Ml can be increased. On the other hand, the particle diameter of the light control particles ml is preferably smaller than the thickness of the light control layer M1. If the particle size is larger than the thickness of the light control layer M1, the advantage of converting the light control material into particles as described above cannot be obtained.
- the particle size of the light control particles m1 is 30 / m or less. More preferably, the particle size is 3 or less. Assuming that the particle size of the light control material is, for example, 1 m, the thickness of the light control layer M1 is preferably about 3 U.m.
- the dimming device having the structure shown in FIG. 20 moves hydrogen ions between the dimming layer M1 and the conversion layer M2 due to injection and release of electric charge.
- a mechanism is used, a different mechanism may be adopted.
- a mechanism in which hydrogen ions move between the conversion layer M2 and the light control layer M1 by an electrochemical reaction can be used.
- the binder resin contained in the light control layer M 1 may be used as the solid electrolyte, or the light control layer M 1 and the conversion layer M A solid electrolyte layer may be further provided between the first and second layers.
- the conversion material contained in the conversion layer M2 does not necessarily need to be a material that stores and releases hydrogen, and a counter-one-on reaction corresponding to the hydrogen ion reaction that occurs in the light control material occurs. It may be something.
- the conversion layer M2 may not be provided.
- a mechanism in which hydrogen ions move between the light control layer M1 and the atmosphere according to the hydrogen pressure of the atmosphere may be used.
- the light control layer Ml may further include a conversion material, and the hydrogen ions may be moved between the light control particles m1 and the conversion material inside the light control layer Ml.
- the optical characteristics of the light control layer M1 change as shown in FIG. 20 according to the concentration of hydrogen ions.
- the dimming device 10 E shown in FIG. 21 includes a dimming layer 1 and a conversion layer 2 It has a laminated structure. This laminated structure is substantially the same as the structure shown in FIG.
- the light reflectance (optical characteristics) of the light control layer 1 changes in response to an electrical stimulus.
- the light control element 10E includes a pair of electrodes 3a and 3b sandwiching the light control layer 1 and the conversion layer 2, and a substrate 4 supporting a laminated structure. An appropriate voltage can be externally applied to the pair of electrodes 3a and 3b, but the electrode 3a and the electrode 3b can be simply short-circuited as appropriate.
- the order of laminating the conversion layer 2 and the dimming layer 1 on the substrate 4 is not limited to that shown in the drawing.
- the conversion layer 2 is arranged on the side close to the substrate 4 and the dimming layer 1 is placed thereon. It may be formed.
- fine particles for example, yttrium, lanthanum, hereinafter referred to as “light control fine particles” formed using a light control material whose optical characteristics change according to the hydrogen concentration are dispersed in a binder resin. ing.
- Conversion layer 2 contains a conversion material that can contain hydrogen. This conversion material can emit and absorb hydrogen ions (H +) by exchanging electrons with the electrode 3a.
- the average particle diameter of the light control fine particles contained in the light control layer 1 is, for example, 1 m.
- the light control fine particles are typically dispersed in a binder resin.
- the binder resin for example, an acryl resin having a refractive index substantially equal to that of glass is used.
- the light control layer 1 further includes an electrically conductive material for exchanging hydrogen ions and charges between the light control fine particles and the conversion layer 2.
- an electrically conductive material a material that can conduct ions, such as a liquid or solid electrolyte, a conductive polymer (for example, P 2) that conducts electric charges (electrons or holes), and a charge transfer complex must be used. Can be.
- the light control layer 1 is prepared by dispersing the light control fine particles in a binder resin solution and preparing a coating solution in which an electrically conductive material is dissolved, and then coating the coating solution on the electrode 3b by, for example, a spin coating method. Can be formed.
- the thickness of the light control layer 1 is, for example, about 3.
- the light control layer 1 may be formed using an ink jet method or another thin film deposition technique.
- the light incident surface of the light control layer 1 may be flat or may have irregularities.
- the dimming layer 1 having irregularities can be formed, for example, by using the substrate 4 or the electrodes 3b having irregularities and applying the coating solution on a base having irregularities.
- the preferred thickness of the light control layer 1 is 1.5 m or more and 50 or less. If it is less than 1.5 m, the light control layer 1 having a high reflectance cannot be obtained, or the particle size of the light control fine particles used for the light control layer 1 is limited. On the other hand, if it exceeds 50 ⁇ m, the conductivity of the light control layer 1 may be low.
- the conversion material contained in the conversion layer 2 can store and hold hydrogen atoms or ions in a steady state, and changes the hydrogen storage amount (retention amount) according to an external stimulus.
- a material capable of storing such hydrogen L a N i 5, MnN i 5, C a N i 5, T i Mn have Z r M n! 5, Z r Mn 2, T i N i, T i Alloys such as Fe and Mg 2 Ni can be used.
- carbon nanotubes (CNT) can be used.
- Conversion layer 2 may include an electrically conductive material in addition to the hydrogen storage material. When an electrically conductive material is included in the conversion layer 2, exchange of hydrogen ions with the light control layer 1 can be performed quickly.
- the electrically conductive material a material capable of conducting ions, such as a liquid or solid electrolyte, a conductive high molecule that conducts electric charges (electrons or holes), or a charge transfer complex can be used.
- the conversion layer 2 may include a binder material such as a binder resin, if necessary, in addition to the hydrogen storage material and the electrically conductive material. Note that a separation layer may be inserted between the light control layer and the conversion layer in order to surely prevent the charge injected from one electrode from moving to the other electrode as it is.
- the separation layer As a material for the separation layer, it is desirable to select a material that allows ions to move but hardly causes charge transfer.
- a material that allows ions to move but hardly causes charge transfer For example, an ion exchanger, a porous insulator, an ion conductive polymer material, or the like can be used. A separate layer made of such a material is provided. With this arrangement, the charge injected from the electrode is reliably prevented from penetrating to the opposite electrode, so that the charge transfer efficiency between the light control layer and the conversion layer can be increased.
- the conversion layer 2 When the conversion layer 2 is formed from a mixture of a plurality of materials, a solution in which these materials are dissolved in a solvent is prepared, and the conversion layer 2 is easily formed by spin coating and printing. can do. Such a conversion layer 2 may be formed using an ink jet method or another thin film deposition technique.
- the dimming device 10E by applying a voltage to the electrodes 3a and 3b, the charge and the ions are exchanged inside the conversion layer 2, and as described above.
- the mechanism can cause the transfer of hydrogen between the conversion layer 2 and the photochromic particles. Therefore, for example, using a light control layer 1 not doped with hydrogen in the initial state and a conversion layer 2 storing hydrogen in advance, applying a voltage as shown in FIG. Moves from the positive electrode side to the negative electrode side, and is doped into the light control fine particles. That is, a hydrogen releasing reaction proceeds on the positive electrode side, and a bonding reaction between hydrogen and a metal proceeds on the negative electrode side, thereby forming a hydrogen metal compound.
- the electrode 3a and the electrode 3b may be short-circuited outside the laminated structure. Such a short circuit This is the same phenomenon as the discharge in the secondary battery, and the internal state of the laminated structure can be returned to the initial state.
- the conversion layer 2 and the light control layer 1 have the ability to retain hydrogen, when no voltage is applied (when the external circuit is open), no movement of hydrogen occurs and the light control layer 1
- the optical state is maintained (memory function of light control layer). For this reason, if a material excellent in hydrogen retention ability is selected, the dimming state can be maintained for a long time without consuming power.
- a light control layer 1 doped with hydrogen in advance and a conversion layer 2 in which hydrogen is not stored may be used.
- a positive potential is applied to the light control layer 1 and a negative potential is applied to the conversion layer 2 so that hydrogen is transferred from the light control layer 1 to the conversion layer 2, whereby the light control in the light control layer 1 is performed.
- the optical state of the material may be changed.
- the light reflectance and light transmittance of the light control fine particles can be controlled by the doping amount of hydrogen. Therefore, by adjusting the voltage applied to the electrodes and the application time (duty ratio, etc.), The light reflectance Z of the light control layer 1 can be controlled. If the memory property based on the hydrogen retention capacity is used, it is easy to maintain an appropriate light reflectance Z light transmittance.
- the hydrogen equilibrium pressure-composition isotherm (PTC characteristic Curve). It is preferable that the dimming element 10E also performs the switching operation in the blato region of the PTC characteristic curve.
- conversion layer 2 and dimming Layer 1 desirably exhibits substantially similar PTc characteristics. More specifically, as shown in FIG. 8, the ranges of the “hydrogen storage amount” in the plateau region in the PTC characteristic curves of the conversion layer 2 and the light control layer 1 overlap, and the level of the “hydrogen equilibrium pressure” Are desirably approximately equal.
- the hydrogen storage amount range (width) of the plateau region of the PTC characteristic curve in the conversion layer 2 has a size that includes the hydrogen storage amount range (width) of the plateau region of the PTC characteristic curve in the light control layer 1. More preferably, it is.
- the dimming element 10E shown in FIG. 21 performs switching between the metal diffuse reflection state and the transparent state, it is preferable that the element as a whole has high transparency. In order to form a state of high transparency, not only the substrate 4 and the electrodes 3a and 3b, but also the conversion layer 2 must be formed of a material having a high transmittance (no absorption) in the entire visible light range. It is necessary.
- a conversion material such as a hydrogen storage material is often a metal or a colored material, and it is difficult to form a highly transparent conversion layer 2 from such a conversion material layer. For this reason, it is preferable to form the conversion layer 2 by mixing fine particles of the conversion material with a transparent material.
- nanoparticles having a particle size equal to or smaller than the wavelength of light can be formed from a conversion material, and these nanoparticles can be bound with a binder resin having excellent transparency.
- the conversion layer 2 manufactured in this way can not only exhibit both transparency and hydrogen storage capacity, but also, since the conversion material is converted into nanoparticles, its surface area is increased, so that hydrogen It is expected that the absorption / release efficiency will also increase.
- Carbon-based materials CNT, fullerene, etc.
- potassium-graphite intercalation compounds can also be used as the conversion material in the ultrafine particle state.
- a conductive polymer P1 film between the light control layer 1 and the conversion layer 2.
- An electrolyte membrane may be provided in addition to the charge-transferring polymer membrane.
- dimming elements 10 F, 10 G, and 10 OH including dimming particles will be described.
- the dimming device 1 OF shown in FIG. 22 (a) has a configuration in which the conversion layer is separated into a plurality of first conversion layers 2a and second conversion layers 2.
- the state of the light control layer 1 is changed by doping a specific element such as hydrogen into the light control layer 1, so that the two conversion layers 2a and 2b change the light control layer 1
- the light control layer 1 can function as an electrode, the light control layer 1 is used as an electrode in the example of FIG. 22 (a).
- the part that absorbs and desorbs hydrogen has a three-layer structure of the first conversion layer 2a, the dimming layer 1, and the second conversion layer 2b. It is also possible to form a multilayer structure. If the light control layer 1 is a single layer, increase the number of light control layers 1 even if the degree of light control is insufficient. Thereby, the degree of dimming can be made sufficiently large.
- the dimming layer 1 is formed as the first dimming layer 1 a as shown in the dimming element 10 G shown in FIG. 22 (b). And a second light control layer 1b, and an electrode 3c may be inserted between these two light control layers. Also in the dimming device 10G of FIG. 22 (b), the dimming layer 1 can be further multilayered.
- Each of the dimming devices shown in FIGS. 22 (a) and (b) can be easily manufactured by sequentially laminating each layer.
- the light control layer, the conversion layer, the electrodes, and the substrate may have the same configuration as the light control element 10E shown in FIG. 21 except that the number of layers is different.
- the conversion layer 2 has a multilayer structure in order to separate the function of the conversion layer 2.
- the function of the conversion layer 2 is to store hydrogen and to release and re-store hydrogen in response to charge injection / release. Rather than performing these functions with a single material, it is easier to select different materials for each function and stack layers of each material. That is, the first conversion layer 2a formed of a charge transport material or an electrolyte material for exchanging charges or ions, and the first conversion layer 2a formed of a material having a hydrogen storage function. By separating hydrogen into hydrogen, efficient hydrogen transfer can be performed.
- a charge / ion exchange layer formed by mixing a conductive polymer material P 1 (a material capable of transporting both electron and hole charges) and an acrylic resin having a refractive index almost equal to that of glass is used as the first layer.
- conversion layer 2a used as conversion layer 2a.
- the second conversion layer is made using a blended resin in which ultra-fine particles (dispersion center radius: 10 nm) of Ni alloy, which is an AB type 5 Mm hydrogen storage alloy, are mixed with an acrylic resin whose refractive index is almost the same as glass. It functions as 2b. It should be noted that such a function separation of the conversion layer can be applied to any of the dimming devices shown in FIGS. 21 and 22.
- the dimming element used in the display system according to the present invention is not limited to those described here, and any dimming element can be used as long as it can be switched between a light reflecting state and a light transmitting state.
- a liquid crystal element having a liquid crystal layer made of a cholesteric liquid crystal material or a liquid crystal element having a polymer-dispersed liquid crystal layer may be used as the light control element.
- the dimming element has a plurality of dimming regions and each dimming is performed according to the type of information displayed on the display element.
- the display system can be suitably used for multi-content display.
- the dimming element that can switch between the metal reflection state and the transmission state as shown in the figure uses the metal reflection state, so that the light use efficiency (reflectance) can be increased. Since it has memory properties, power consumption can be reduced. Therefore, by using such a light control device, a display system particularly suitable for use in a multi-scene can be obtained.
- a liquid crystal device using cholesteric liquid crystal can reflect only half of the incident light (either P wave or S wave) in principle, and the reflected light exists even in the transmitted state, so light is used. Low efficiency.
- a liquid crystal element using a polymer dispersed liquid crystal does not have a memory property, so that a voltage must always be applied to the liquid crystal layer, which is disadvantageous in terms of power consumption, and a polymer.
- the spherical liquid crystal material dispersed in the matrix reflects light under the condition of total reflection due to the difference in refractive index from the matrix material, and therefore cannot reflect light in all directions.
- a dimming element that uses a metal reflection state can basically reflect light from all directions, and therefore has high light use efficiency.
- the display system can be used as an interior that combines the display and the mirror.
- a display system which has good display characteristics in both the transmission mode display and the reflection mode display, and is suitable for use in multi-scenes and display of normal or false content.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Nonlinear Science (AREA)
- Mathematical Physics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Electrochromic Elements, Electrophoresis, Or Variable Reflection Or Absorption Elements (AREA)
- Liquid Crystal (AREA)
- Liquid Crystal Display Device Control (AREA)
- Control Of Indicators Other Than Cathode Ray Tubes (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/549,584 US8077276B2 (en) | 2003-03-14 | 2004-02-18 | Display system |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP2003070193A JP2004279669A (ja) | 2003-03-14 | 2003-03-14 | 表示システム |
JP2003-070193 | 2003-03-14 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2004081642A1 true WO2004081642A1 (ja) | 2004-09-23 |
Family
ID=32984645
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/JP2004/001845 WO2004081642A1 (ja) | 2003-03-14 | 2004-02-18 | 表示システム |
Country Status (6)
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US (1) | US8077276B2 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP2004279669A (ja) |
KR (1) | KR100640115B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN100426080C (ja) |
TW (1) | TWI286245B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2004081642A1 (ja) |
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KR102082794B1 (ko) | 2012-06-29 | 2020-02-28 | 가부시키가이샤 한도오따이 에네루기 켄큐쇼 | 표시 장치의 구동 방법, 및 표시 장치 |
KR102124405B1 (ko) * | 2013-11-11 | 2020-06-19 | 삼성디스플레이 주식회사 | 액정 표시 장치 |
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JP6451979B2 (ja) | 2014-10-11 | 2019-01-16 | Tianma Japan株式会社 | 表示素子およびそれを用いた携帯型情報装置 |
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US10585307B2 (en) * | 2016-03-30 | 2020-03-10 | Motorola Mobility Llc | Display construct with integrated switchable mirror and corresponding systems and methods |
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KR102129945B1 (ko) * | 2018-11-29 | 2020-07-03 | 주식회사 알엠케이 | 광 투과율 가변 소자 및 이를 포함하는 디스플레이 장치용 컬러필터 및 스마트 윈도우 |
CN109782475B (zh) * | 2019-01-10 | 2021-11-23 | 昆山龙腾光电股份有限公司 | 偏光片及显示装置 |
CN110018580B (zh) * | 2019-05-14 | 2024-05-28 | 湖北锐尔圣科技有限公司 | 一种电动调光元件 |
JP2021060447A (ja) * | 2019-10-03 | 2021-04-15 | 株式会社ジャパンディスプレイ | 表示装置及び表示装置の駆動方法 |
CN110824771B (zh) * | 2019-11-12 | 2022-03-25 | 昆山龙腾光电股份有限公司 | 显示装置及其驱动方法 |
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- 2004-02-18 KR KR1020057015053A patent/KR100640115B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2004-02-18 CN CNB2004800069849A patent/CN100426080C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN100426080C (zh) | 2008-10-15 |
KR100640115B1 (ko) | 2006-11-01 |
KR20050102118A (ko) | 2005-10-25 |
TW200422729A (en) | 2004-11-01 |
US20060203154A1 (en) | 2006-09-14 |
CN1761908A (zh) | 2006-04-19 |
JP2004279669A (ja) | 2004-10-07 |
TWI286245B (en) | 2007-09-01 |
US8077276B2 (en) | 2011-12-13 |
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