WO2004074477A1 - ホモシステインの測定方法 - Google Patents
ホモシステインの測定方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2004074477A1 WO2004074477A1 PCT/JP2004/000787 JP2004000787W WO2004074477A1 WO 2004074477 A1 WO2004074477 A1 WO 2004074477A1 JP 2004000787 W JP2004000787 W JP 2004000787W WO 2004074477 A1 WO2004074477 A1 WO 2004074477A1
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- amino acid
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- homocysteine
- methyltransferase
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
- C12Q1/26—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving oxidoreductase
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N9/00—Enzymes; Proenzymes; Compositions thereof; Processes for preparing, activating, inhibiting, separating or purifying enzymes
- C12N9/10—Transferases (2.)
- C12N9/1003—Transferases (2.) transferring one-carbon groups (2.1)
- C12N9/1007—Methyltransferases (general) (2.1.1.)
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/68—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving proteins, peptides or amino acids
- G01N33/6803—General methods of protein analysis not limited to specific proteins or families of proteins
- G01N33/6806—Determination of free amino acids
- G01N33/6812—Assays for specific amino acids
- G01N33/6815—Assays for specific amino acids containing sulfur, e.g. cysteine, cystine, methionine, homocysteine
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q2326/00—Chromogens for determinations of oxidoreductase enzymes
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for detecting or measuring homocysteine in a sample. More specifically, the present invention relates to a method for measuring homocysteine, which comprises a step of previously removing D-amino acids present in a sample.
- homocystin in a sample is treated with homocystine methinotransferase D-methionine methylsnorrephone, and the resulting D-methionine is converted to D-amino acid oxidase.
- D-amino acids such as D-alanine and D-serine, which are known to increase in cases of renal disease (see, for example, Fukushima, T., Biol. Pharm. Bull., 1995, Vol. 18, No. 8, p. 1130-1132.
- D-alanine D-serine which can be a substrate for D-amino acid oxidase, is considered to have a positive effect on the above-mentioned method for measuring homocystin. Therefore, as described in the above-mentioned WO02 / 0282 pamphlet, in order to avoid the influence of endogenous D-amino acids originally present in the sample, homocysteine must be used. It is necessary to perform the measurement in exactly the same manner except that methyltransferase is not included, and to subtract the value from the measured value when the enzyme is included. That is, it was necessary to provide a sample blank for each sample and measure the amount of endogenous D-amino acid. Disclosure of the invention
- An object of the present invention is to provide a method for measuring homocysteine which is not affected by endogenous D-amino acids, that is, does not require sample blanking.
- the effect of endogenous D-amino acids was reduced by introducing D-alanine and / or D-serine out of the reaction system based on the principle of homocystin measurement by enzymatic action.
- the present invention provides a method for detecting or measuring homocysteine in a sample, the method comprising: (a) reacting a D-amino acid present in a sample with a D-amino acid converting enzyme to convert the D-amino acid; Converting D-amino acid oxidase or D-amino acid acetyltransferase into a substance that does not become a substrate;
- the step (a) is carried out by reacting D-alanine present in a sample with D-aralanyl-D-alanine ligase (hereinafter, also referred to as D d1) in the presence of adenosine triphosphate.
- D-arael-D-aranin conversion step This is a step of reacting Z- or D-serine present in the sample with D-serine dehydratase (hereinafter also referred to as Dsd) to convert it to pyruvate. .
- the methyltransferase is And the methion / donor is D-methionine methinoles.
- the produced hydrogen peroxide is detected or measured by developing a color with peroxidase and a peroxidase-based coloring agent.
- the present invention also provides a D-aralanyl-D-alanine ligase and / or D-serine dehydratase; a thiol compound; a methyltransferase; a methyl donor; a D-amino acid oxidase or a D-amino acid acetyl transferase; an SH reagent; Provide a reagent kit for measuring homocystin, which contains an oxidized coloring agent.
- the present invention further provides a D-amino acid converting enzyme that acts on a D-amino acid present in a sample to convert the D-amino acid into a substance that does not become a substrate for D-amino acid oxidase or D-amino acid acetyltransferase.
- a method for detecting or measuring homocysteine in a sample comprising:
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the reaction of homocysteine measurement using homocystin transferase D-methionine methinole sulfonium.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the construction of the expression vector pKd1A.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the construction of the expression vector pKd1B.
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing the relationship between D-aralanyl-D-araen ligase concentration and homocystin measurement sensitivity.
- FIG. 5 is a graph showing the relationship between the D-serine dehydratase concentration and the homocystin measurement sensitivity.
- Figure 6 shows (a) conventional 1-channel method, (b) conventional 2-channel method, And (c) is a graph showing the correlation between the measured concentration of homocysteine according to the method of the present invention and the concentration measured by the HPLC method.
- homocysteine in a sample is reduced with a thiol compound, and methyltransferase is allowed to act in the presence of a methyl donor.
- the generated D-amino acid or D-amino acid derivative is measured (second step).
- the generated D-amino acid or D-amino acid derivative is measured (second step).
- D-amino acid oxidase is allowed to act on D-methionine generated in the first step
- hydrogen peroxide is generated in the second step.
- it can be led to an oxidative color former commonly used for colorimetric determination. Also,
- the method for detecting or measuring homocysteine employs, first, D-amino acid present in a sample in order to eliminate the influence of endogenous D-amino acid in measuring D-amino acid.
- the method is characterized in that the D-amino acid is converted into a substance that does not serve as a substrate for D-amino acid oxidase or D-amino acid acetyltransferase by acting an amino acid converting enzyme.
- the method for detecting or measuring homocystin of the present invention comprises:
- the sample that can be detected or measured by the method of the present invention may be any sample that is considered to contain homocysteine.
- the homocystin is present not only in the form of reduced homocystin, but also in the form of oxidized homocysteine bonded to other molecules by dis / refid bonds such as protein-bound, homocystin dimer, and homocystin-cystin dimer. Any of cysteine may be used. Examples include serum, plasma, blood, urine, and dilutions thereof.
- the D_amino acid converting enzyme used in the method of the present invention converts D-amino acid into a substance that does not become a substrate of D-amino acid oxidase or D-amino acid acetyltransferase by acting on D-amino acid. Any substance that can be led out of the reaction system based on the principle of homocysteine measurement may be used. In the present invention, those which act on D-alanine and / or D-serine are preferred.
- D-alanyl-D-alanine ligase [EC 6.3.2.4], D-alanine hydroxymethyltransferase [EC 2.1.2.7], and D-alanine- ⁇ -glutamyltransferase. [EC 2.3.2.14] etc.
- D-serine dehydratase [EC 4.3.1.18], diaminopropionate ammonia-lyase [EC 4.3.1.18], and the like can be used.
- D-alanyl-D-ara It is preferable to use D-serine dehydratase as the enzyme that acts on nin ligase and D-serine.
- the D-arael-D-alanine ligase (D d 1) used in the method of the present invention is of any origin as long as it condenses two molecules of D-alanine to produce D-aralanyl-D-arayun. But can be used.
- Dd1 that almost all bacteria have can be used.
- it is an enzyme derived from E. coli.
- Escherichia coli as used herein is described in Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 8th edition (edited by RE Buchanan, NE Gibbons, The Williams & Wilkins Company, Baltimore, 295-296, 1974). Escherichia coli and its mutants and variants.
- D d1 used in the method of the present invention preferably, GenBank Accession No. J05319 described in Biochemistry 30: 1673 1682 (1991) or GenBank Accession described in Journal of Bacteriology 163: 809-817 (1986). No. AE00 0118 REGION: 18688.
- An enzyme derived from Escherichia coli having an amino acid sequence deduced from the base sequence of 19608 is used. Enzymes derived from microorganisms such as Bacillus, Enterococcus, and Lactobacillus 1 lus may also be used. As long as the Dd1 activity is not lost, there may be some amino acid modifications (for example, addition, deletion, or substitution of one or more amino acids).
- Dd1 is prepared, for example, by preparing a crude enzyme from the contents of cultured cells of Escherichia coli (for example, an Escherichia coli strain transformed by introducing the dd1 gene obtained from a bacterium or the like) and then purifying it by various chromatography It can be obtained by methods well known to those skilled in the art, such as methods.
- D-serine dehydratase (Dsd) used in the method of the present invention includes D-serine ammonia-lyase, D-serine dehydrase, D-hydroxyamino acid dehydratase, D-serine hydrolase, and D-serine deamidase.
- An enzyme derived from Escherichia coli having an amino acid sequence deduced from the nucleotide sequence of GenBank Accession No. J 01603 described in Bacteriol. 154 (3), 1508-1512 (1983) was used.
- Dsd derived from microorganisms such as Pseudomonas rot, Bacillus, Salmonella, Fusobacterium, Vibrio, Shigella, and Ralstonia can be used. As long as the Dsd activity is not lost, there may be some amino acid modifications (for example, addition, deletion, or substitution of one or more amino acids).
- D sd can be obtained by, for example, preparing a crude enzyme from the contents of cultured cells of Escherichia coli (for example, an Escherichia coli strain transformed by introducing the dsd gene obtained from a bacterium or the like) and then purifying it by various chromatography methods Can be obtained by methods well known to those skilled in the art.
- the d d1 gene and the ds d gene can be obtained based on the deduced amino acid sequence by a method commonly used by those skilled in the art. For example, plaque hybridization, colony hybridization, FCR, etc. can be used as a probe, using a gene coding for Dd1 or Dsd or a part or all of the gene containing these as a probe. Is performed.
- the gene source of .Ddl or Dsd is not limited to Escherichia coli, but may be other bacterial species.
- the dd1 gene refers to a DNA chain or a DNA sequence encoding a polypeptide having Dd1 activity exhibiting the characteristics of Dd1
- the dsd gene refers to the characteristics of Dsd.
- All may encode a polypeptide having an amino acid modification (for example, addition, deletion, or substitution) to such an extent that the physiological activity is not changed as described above.
- there may be a plurality of types of sequences encoding the same polypeptide due to degeneracy or the like.
- the ddl or dsd gene may be derived from natural products or may be fully or semi-synthetic.
- the obtained dd1 gene or dsd gene is ligated to an expression vector that can be propagated in a host such as E. coli, for example, and introduced into a host.
- the expression vector used here may be any expression vector as long as it is usually used for Escherichia coli.
- Col El, pCRl, BR322, pMB9, etc. are suitable. Used.
- a promoter that controls transcription and translation is used in the DNA upstream and downstream of the DNA chain. 3, and Z or terminator may be incorporated in the downstream area.
- Such promoters and Z or terminators include those derived from the dd1 gene or the dsd gene itself, those derived from known genes such as the ⁇ -galactosidase gene, or those derived therefrom. Are artificially improved.
- an expression vector incorporating such a control sequence is preferably used as an expression vector.
- pTrc99 ⁇ ⁇ KK22-23-3 above, manufactured by Amersham Pharmacia Co., Ltd.
- PET-3 pET-11 (all manufactured by Stratagene), and the like, but are not limited thereto.
- the microorganism that can serve as a host for expressing Dd1 or Dsd may be any microorganism, but is preferably a bacterium, and more preferably Escherichia coli.
- Transformants for expressing Dd1 or Dsd are prepared by a method usually used in the field of gene engineering, for example, the rubidium chloride method (J. Mol. Biol., 166: 557). , 1983). By culturing the thus obtained transformant of Escherichia coli having enhanced Dd1 or Dsd expression ability, Dd1 or Dsd can be obtained.
- D d 1 or D s d obtained as described above may be used alone or in combination as needed.
- the resulting D-ara Since Nil-D-alanine does not serve as a substrate for D-amino acid oxidase, it is possible to exclude D-alanine contained in the sample.
- the amount of the enzyme to be used is not particularly limited as long as it can remove D-alanine in the sample, and is, for example, 0.01 to: 100 U / mL, preferably 0.1 to 10 U / mL.
- l unit of D d1 is defined as the amount of an enzyme that produces 1 ⁇ -l-D-alanine per minute at 37 ° C using D-alanine as a substrate.
- AT ⁇ and Mg ions there is no particular limitation on the amount of AT ⁇ and Mg ions required for the activity, as long as D-alanine removal can be achieved.
- ATP is 0.1 ⁇ : L0mM
- the treatment of the sample with this enzyme can be performed alone or simultaneously with the following steps (b) and (c).
- D-serine contained in the sample can be converted to pyruvate to remove D-serine from the reaction system.
- the amount of the enzyme to be used is not particularly limited as long as it is a concentration capable of removing D-serine from the sample.
- the unit of D sd is defined as the amount of enzyme that decomposes 1 ⁇ of D-serine per minute at 37 ° C.
- the treatment of the sample with this enzyme can be performed alone, or can be performed simultaneously with the following steps (b) and (c).
- Step (b) in the method of the present invention is a step of reducing various forms of homocystine in a sample with a thiol compound to obtain reduced homocystin.
- the thiol compound used in the method of the present invention is not particularly limited, and includes, for example, dithiothreitol, mercaptoethanol, N-acetylcystine, dithioerythritol, and thiodaricholic acid.
- the concentration of the thiol compound may be any as long as it can convert oxidized homocystin to reduced homocystin, and is preferably 0. ImM or more as a thiol group, and more preferably. Alternatively, the concentration may be 1 mM or more.
- Step (C) of the method of the present invention is a step of reacting the homocystine reduced in step (b) with a methyltransferase or a methyl donor to newly generate D-amino acid.
- a methyltransferase having homocysteine as a methyl acceptor and D-methionine methylsulfonium as a methyl donor, as the methyltransferase and the methyl donor, respectively. That is, methyl-transferase and D-methionine methylsulfonium are allowed to act on the reduced homocysteine in the sample to produce D-methionine.
- Any methyltransferase may be used as long as it acts on D-methionine methylsulfonium and catalyzes the production of D-methionine.
- homocystine methinoletransferase [EC 2. 1. 1. 10], 5-methyltetrahydrofolate-homocysteine S-methyltransferase [EC 2.1.1.13], 5-methyltetrahydropteroyltriglutamate-phomocystin S-methyltransferase [EC 2. 1. 1.14].
- homocystin methyltransferase [EC 2.1.1.10] is used. This enzyme has a low specificity, as reported by G.
- the homocysteine methyltransferase to be used can be of any origin as long as it uses D-methionine methylsulfonium as a methyl donor.
- enzymes derived from bacteria, yeast, rats and the like can be used.
- 1 unit of homocystin methyltransferase is used to produce 1 jumol of D-methionine per minute at 37 ° C. using homocystin D-methionine methylsulfonium as a substrate. Defined as the amount of enzyme to perform.
- the D-amino acid produced in the step (c) is reacted with D-amino acid oxidase or D-amino acid acetyltransferase in the presence of an SH reagent to perform peroxidation.
- This is the step of leading to the generation of hydrogen and coloring the generated hydrogen peroxide with an oxidizing color former.
- D-amino acid oxidase may be of any origin. For example, those derived from animal organs, bacteria and fungi can be used. Preferably, those derived from pig kidney can be used. In the present invention, one unit of D-amino acid oxidase is defined as the amount of an enzyme that converts 1 / mol of D-alanine to pyruvate per minute at 37 ° C.
- D-amino acid acetyltransferase When D-amino acid is reacted with D-amino acid acetyltransferase [EC 2.3.1.36], the resulting coenzyme A is converted to acilcoenzyme A synthetase [EC 6.2.1. .3] and persylchoenzyme A oxidase [EC 1.3.3.6] to hydrogen peroxide, which can be quantified in the same manner.
- the D-amino acid acetyl transferase may be of any origin. For example, those derived from yeast can be used.
- SH reagents include oxidizing agents such as Ellman's reagent, mercapto-forming agents such as P-mericle benzoic acid, and Alkylating agents such as monoacetic acid and N-ethylmaleimide are included.
- an alkyl amide is used, more preferably a maleimide compound, and most preferably N-ethylmaleimide.
- the generated hydrogen peroxide can be used to develop a normal oxidative coloring agent by peroxidase.
- various kinds of Trinder reagents can be used in combination with a Wippler reagent.
- This method also called the Trinda method, is commonly used in the field of clinical chemistry analysis and will not be described in detail here.
- 4-aminoantipyrine is used as a coupler reagent and ADOS [ N—Ethyl N— (2-Hydroxy-3-sulfopropyl) — 3-Methoxyaniline], DAOS [N—Ethyl-N— (2-Hydroxy-1-3-sulfopropyl) —3,5-Dimethoxyaniline] , HDAO S [N— (2-hydroxy-13-sulfopropyl) -1,3,5-dimethylayuline], MAOS [N—ethylethyl N— (2-hydroxy-13-sulfopropyl) 1,3,5- Dimethylaniline] and TOOS [N-ethyl-1-N- (2-hydroxy-13-sulfopropyl) -13-methylanilin] are used.
- o-trizine, o-dianisidine, DA-67 [10- (canoleboxymethylaminoaminophenol) -3,7-bis (dimethylamino) phenothiazine sodium, which does not require a force Wupler reagent , Manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.]
- TPM-PS [N, N, N,, N ', N ", N" 1-hexa (3-sulfopropyl) —4, 4,, 4 "—triaminotriphenyl Leuco-type coloring reagents such as methane hexasodium salt, Dojindo Laboratories] etc.
- DA-67 and TPM-PS have a larger molar extinction coefficient than the above-mentioned Trinder reagents, so that Measurement can be performed with high sensitivity.
- the present invention provides a reagent kit for measuring homocysteine, which comprises coenzyme A synthetase + acylcoenzyme A oxidase, an SH reagent, and an oxidizing dye.
- a reagent kit for measuring homocysteine which comprises coenzyme A synthetase + acylcoenzyme A oxidase, an SH reagent, and an oxidizing dye.
- PCR was performed in 10 ⁇ l of 10XKOD buffer, 10 ⁇ l of dNTP mixture, 05 ⁇ l of DMS, and 5 ⁇ l of distilled water to obtain 1.09 kb DNA containing the dd1A structural gene.
- the dd1A gene obtained as described above was ligated to the Smal digest of the Escherichia coli vector pUC19 having the DNA replication origin of Escherichia coli Co1E1 and the ampicillin resistance gene, and the rubidium chloride method (J. Mol Biol., 166: 557, 198 3) was introduced into E. coli JM109 to obtain a transformant containing a recombinant plasmid having the dd1 gene.
- all the restriction enzymes used in the examples were obtained from Takara Bayo.
- the nucleotide sequence was determined by a 377 Automate Sequencing System (manufactured by PerkinElmer) using the dideoxy terminator method using a fluorescent-labeled primer.
- ddl A has a structural gene region of 1095 bases and encodes 364 amino acids, which was completely consistent with the nucleotide sequence information of the dd1A gene.
- the obtained expression vector pKd1A was transformed into Escherichia coli JM by rubidium chloride method.
- the transformant JM109-ddlA-3 was obtained by selecting one which was introduced into S.109 and expressing DdlA.
- the obtained transformant JM109-ddlA-3 was cultured with shaking at 37 ° C for about 4 hours in 3 ml of an LB liquid medium (1% yeast extract, 2% battopeptone, 2% glucose) containing ampicillin. 0.3 ml of this was added to 10 ml of LB liquid medium and cultured with shaking at 37 ° C for 3 hours. IPTG (Takara Bio Inc.) was added to a final concentration of ImM, and the mixture was further cultured for 4 hours. Cultured. The culture was centrifuged at 8000 rpm for 15 minutes to collect the cells, washed once with 100 ml of Bis-Tris-HCl buffer (pH 7.4), and then solubilized (10 times as much as the cells).
- the suspension was suspended in lOOmM bistris monohydrochloride buffer (pH 7.4), ImM EDTA, 5raM MgCl, 100 ⁇ g / ml lysozyme.
- the suspension was treated twice on a scale 1 for 10 seconds using an ultrasonic generator (manufactured by Tommy Seie, model UD- 200 ) to break up the cells.
- the mixture was centrifuged at lSOOOrpm for 10 minutes to obtain a supernatant, which was used as a sample for measuring Dd1 activity.
- a non-recombinant transformant of 109 E. coli strain of pKK223_3 treated in the same manner was used.
- ninhydrin solution 11-butanol-saturated 0.1 M citrate buffer containing 0.2% ninhydrin
- ninhydrin solution 11-butanol-saturated 0.1 M citrate buffer containing 0.2% ninhydrin
- the culture the cells were recovered by centrifugation for 10 minutes at 8000R P m, buffer 9 volumes of cells (20RaM Pisutorisu monohydrochloride buffer (pH7.4), 1 mM EDTA S 5raM MgCl 2 ) was suspended.
- the suspension was subjected to sonication using an ultrasonic generator (made by Tomi Issei Energy, UD-200) to disrupt the cells. After crushing, the mixture was centrifuged at 15000 rpm for 10 minutes to remove crushed residues, thereby obtaining a crude enzyme solution.
- the dialyzed crude enzyme solution was subjected to column chromatography using Q-Sepharose FF (manufactured by Amersham Pharmacia) (adsorption: buffer A (20 mM bistris-HCl buffer (pH 7.4), ImM EDTA, 5 mM MgCl 2 ), elution: buffer A—0.0-0.6 ⁇ sodium chloride gradient).
- the Dd1 active fraction was collected and further purified by Sephacryl S-100 (manufactured by Amersham-Pharmacia) gel filtration column chromatography.
- the obtained active fraction was subjected to SDS-polyatarylamide gel electrophoresis and stained with Coomassie brilliant blue to confirm that Dd1A was purified to almost a single band.
- Dd 1 B base sequence ⁇ 1 J information dd 1 B gene of E. coli encoding an enzyme having the activity: -: the (Journal of Bacteriology 163 18688..19608 809 817 (1986), GenBank Accessi on No. AE000118 REGION)
- synthetic primers shown in SEQ ID NOs: 3 and 4 were prepared. Using 3 nmol of each of these primers ( ⁇ 00 ⁇ 1 // ⁇ 1, 30 ⁇ ), a buffer solution (KOD 2 ju PCR was performed in 10 ⁇ l of dNTP mixture, 05 ⁇ l of DMS, and 51) of distilled water to remove the ddl B structural gene. 0.92 kb DNA was obtained.
- the dd1B gene obtained as described above was ligated to the Escherichia coli Co 1 E1 DNA replication origin and an Escherichia coli vector having an ampicillin resistance gene: a Smal digest of pUC19, and the rubidium chloride method ( J. Mol. Biol., 166: 557, 198 3) was introduced into E. coli JM109 to obtain a transformant containing a recombinant plasmid having the T, dd1B gene.
- the nucleotide sequence was determined by a 377 Automate Sequencing System (manufactured by PerkinElmer Inc.) based on the didexy terminator method using a fluorescent-labeled primer.
- d d l B is 92
- the obtained expression vector pKd1B was transformed into Escherichia coli JM by the Shii-Dani rubidium method.
- Transformant JM109-ddl B-1 was obtained by selecting those that were introduced into S.109 and expressing Dd1B.
- the culture was centrifuged at SOOOrpm for 10 minutes to collect the cells, and the cells were placed in a 9-fold volume buffer (20 mM Bis-Tris-HCl buffer (pH 7.2), 1 raM EDTA, 5 mM MgCl 2 ).
- the body was suspended.
- the suspension was subjected to sonication using an ultrasonic generator (made by Tomi Issei Energy, UD-200) to disrupt the cells. After crushing, the mixture was centrifuged at 15000 rpm for 10 minutes to remove crushed residues, thereby obtaining a crude enzyme solution.
- the dialyzed crude enzyme solution was subjected to column chromatography using Q-Sepharose FF (manufactured by Amersham Pharmacia) (adsorption: buffer A ( 20 mM bistris-hydrochloric acid buffer (pH 7.2), ImM EDTA , 5 mM MgCl 2 ), elution: buffer A—0.0-0.6 M sodium chloride gradient).
- the Dd1 active fraction was collected and further purified by Sephataryl S-100 (manufactured by Amersham Pharmacia) gel filtration column chromatography.
- the obtained active fraction was subjected to SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and stained with Coomassie brilliant blue. As a result, it was confirmed that Dd 1 B was purified to a substantially single band.
- Example 3 of recombinant D-serine dehydratase (Dsd) derived from Escherichia coli (3-1) Preparation of Expression Vector Containing dsd Gene and Transformant Based on the base sequence information of the dsd gene of Escherichia coli encoding an enzyme having Dsd activity, the following two types of synthetic primers (SEQ ID NO: 5 and 6) were created.
- Dsd D-serine dehydratase
- PCR was performed using E. coli genomic DNA as type II.
- the resulting DNA fragment was treated with EcoRI and HindIII and ligated to vector PUC118 treated with the same restriction enzymes. This was introduced into E. coli JM109 by the rubidium chloride method to obtain a transformant containing a recombinant plasmid having a dsd gene.
- the Dsd expression strain obtained above was cultured in about 10 L of an LB medium containing lOO ⁇ ug / ml of ampicillin.
- the enzyme purification was carried out according to the method described in J. Biol. Chem., 263, 16926-16933, 1988.
- Monkeys were lysed by adding water containing 5'-phosphate (PLP).
- buffer B (1 M potassium phosphate, 800 PLP, 50 raM EDTA, lOraM DTT, pH 7.5
- cell debris was removed by centrifugation at 18,000 rpm for 30 minutes.
- the nucleic acid was precipitated with 1% Polymin P, and the supernatant was obtained by centrifugation.
- the mixture was stirred for 40 minutes, and then centrifuged at 18000 rpm for 2 hours.
- the obtained precipitate was suspended in a small amount of a buffer C (10 mM potassium phosphate, 80_JM PLP, IraM EDTA, ImM DTT, pH 7.2), and dialyzed against the buffer for 1 min.
- the dialyzed crude enzyme solution was purified by column chromatography using DEAE-Toyopearl (manufactured by Tosoichi). Adsorption was performed using buffer C, and elution was performed with KC1 increased from 0 to 200 mM based on the same buffer. D sd active fraction It was collected, precipitated with 70% saturated ammonium sulfate and collected. It was dissolved in a small amount of buffer solution and dialyzed against the same buffer solution for 1 hour to remove ammonium sulfate. Furthermore, dialysis was performed against buffer D (ImM potassium phosphate, ImM DTT, pH 7.0) for 3 to 4 hours.
- buffer D ImM potassium phosphate, ImM DTT, pH 7.0
- the dialyzed partially purified enzyme solution was further purified by hydroxyapatite column chromatography (Gigapite, manufactured by Toa Gosei Chemical Co., Ltd., manufactured by Seikagaku Corporation).
- the same enzyme solution was applied to the column equilibrated with buffer D, washed with the same buffer three times the column volume, and buffer E (10 mM potassium phosphate, 80 ⁇ PLP, ImM EDTA , PH 7.8). 1/10 volume of buffer solution was added to each eluted fraction, Dsd active fractions were collected, precipitated and recovered with 70% saturated ammonium sulfate.
- the resulting precipitate was suspended in a small amount of buffer F (100 mM potassium phosphate, 80 ⁇ PLP, ImM EDTA, ImM DTT, pH 7.8) and dialyzed against the same buffer to obtain a purified enzyme.
- buffer F 100 mM potassium phosphate, 80 ⁇ PLP, ImM EDTA, ImM DTT, pH 7.
- the measurement of the activity of Dsd was carried out by measuring the coupling of pyruvate generated from D-serine with lactate dehydratase in the presence of NADH. That is, at 37 ° C, the reaction was started by adding 0.01-0.1 UD sd to 100 mM D-serine, 0.5 mM NADH, and 5 U lactate dehydrogenase, and the decrease in absorbance at 340 nm was followed. .
- Sample 1 Normal control serum Serratalia HE (made by Azwellne earth)
- Sample 2 Homocystine added to sample 1 at 25 / M (homocysteine equivalent 50 M)
- Sample 3 D-araene added to Sample 2 at 100 M
- Sample 4 Sample 2 with D-serine 500 500 ⁇
- Sample 5 Sample 2 was added with D-alanine — 500 and D-serine 500 // ⁇ .
- the first reagent (IV) and the second reagent were prepared as follows:
- Reagent I 50 mM Bicine (pH 8.0), 123 U / L homocystin methyltransferase (derived from bacteria), 5.6 mM dithiothreitol, 0.06 mM D-methionmethylsulfonium , 1 mM zinc bromide, 0. 3 mM DA-67 N 1 mM ATP, 1 m M magnesium chloride
- Reagent II 0.2285 mg protein / mL with Dd 1 B in reagent I
- Reagent III Add 2.0875 mg protein / mL Dd 1 A to Reagent I
- Reagent IV Reagent I with Dsd at 1 U / mL
- Reagent V 0.2285 mg protein / mL and D s d were added to Reagent I at the same time at 1 U / mL.
- the measurement was performed as follows using Hitachi 7170. 180 L of any of the first reagents was added to 1 to 515 L of each sample, mixed, and reacted at 37 ° C for 5 minutes. Next, 120 zL of the second reagent was added and mixed, and further reacted at 37 ° C for 5 minutes. The change in the absorbance (main wavelength 660 nm, auxiliary wavelength 750 dishes) at measurement points 16 to 34 was measured. First, samples 1 and 2 were measured using reagents I to V, respectively, and the measurement sensitivity to homocysteine added to the samples in each case was 100%. Next, when samples 3 to 5 were measured using reagents I to V, the measurement sensitivities of samples 3 to 5 were as shown in Table 1 below. table 1
- Sample 1 Normal control serum Seraclear HE (AZAZELL)
- Sample 2 25 M homocystine (50 ⁇ converted to homocystine) added to Sample 1
- Sample 6 200 ⁇ L D-alanine added to Sample 2
- Sample 7 D-serine was added to Sample 2 at 1000 ⁇ .
- the first and second reagents were prepared as follows:
- the measurement was performed as follows using Hitachi 7170. 180 ⁇ L of the first reagent was added to 15 AiL of the sample, mixed, and reacted at 37 ° C. for 5 minutes. Next, 120 / xL of the second reagent was added and mixed, and the mixture was further reacted at 37 ° C for 5 minutes. Changes in absorbance (main wavelength 660 nm, sub wavelength 750 ⁇ ) at measurement points 16 to 34 were measured.
- FIG. 4 shows the concentration of Dd 1 B on the horizontal axis, and the relative sensitivity at the time of homocysteine measurement on the vertical axis. It was found that the effect of 200 mM D-araen can be almost avoided by using about 0.5 U / mL of Dd1B.
- the horizontal axis shows the D sd concentration
- the vertical axis shows the relative sensitivity during homocysteine measurement.
- Example 6 Avoidance of D-amino acid in sample by Dd1 and Dsd As a sample, 12 EDTA plasma samples were used. As a standard, a control serum prepared by adding 50 ⁇ M D-methionine was used.
- Reagent i 50 mM Bicine (pH 8.0), 126 U / L homocystin methyltransferase (derived from bacteria), 5.6 mM dithiothreitol, 0.06 mM D-methylmethylsulfoium, 1 mM zinc bromide, 0.3 mM DA-67
- Reagent ii Remove homocysteine methyltransferase from Reagent i
- Reagent iii Reagent i contains 5 mM ATP, 10 mM magnesium chloride, 0.58 U / mL D d
- the measurement was performed as follows using Hitachi 7170. 180 ⁇ L of any of the first reagents was added to Sample 15, mixed, and reacted at 37 ° C. for 5 minutes. Next, 120 L of the second reagent was added and mixed, and further reacted at 37 ° C for 5 minutes. The change in absorbance (main wavelength 660 nm, sub wavelength 750 nm) at measurement points 16 to 34 was measured. The homocysteine concentration in the sample was calculated from the change in absorbance of the standard. The value measured using only reagent A is the conventional one-channel method, the value measured by taking the difference between reagent i and reagent ii is the conventional two-channel method, and the value measured using reagent iii is the present invention.
- homocysteine can be measured without being affected by endogenous D-amino acids and without having to take a sample blank. That is, the operation is simple and accurate measurement of homocysteine becomes possible.
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US10/546,089 US7135306B2 (en) | 2003-02-19 | 2004-01-28 | Method of measuring homocysteine |
CA002516029A CA2516029A1 (en) | 2003-02-19 | 2004-01-28 | Method of measuring homocysteine |
DE602004017424T DE602004017424D1 (de) | 2003-02-19 | 2004-01-28 | Verfahren zur messung von homocystein |
EP04705917A EP1595950B9 (en) | 2003-02-19 | 2004-01-28 | Method of measuring homocysteine |
JP2005502669A JPWO2004074477A1 (ja) | 2003-02-19 | 2004-01-28 | ホモシステインの測定方法 |
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JP2003041585A JP2006149203A (ja) | 2003-02-19 | 2003-02-19 | ホモシステインの測定方法 |
JP2003-041585 | 2003-02-19 |
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US20100190196A1 (en) * | 2006-10-18 | 2010-07-29 | National University Corporation Nagoya University | D-serine dehydratase and use thereof |
CN101413878B (zh) * | 2008-12-16 | 2011-03-30 | 苏州艾杰生物科技有限公司 | 同型半胱氨酸的测定方法与同型半胱氨酸诊断/测定试剂盒 |
US9216209B1 (en) | 2011-06-06 | 2015-12-22 | Kilmer S. McCully | Compositions and method for utilization of thioretinamide in therapy of degenerative diseases of aging |
JP5751109B2 (ja) * | 2011-09-20 | 2015-07-22 | ニプロ株式会社 | 生体試料中の馬尿酸およびメチル馬尿酸のそれぞれの濃度を測定する方法 |
ITRM20130317A1 (it) * | 2013-05-31 | 2014-12-01 | Uni Cattolica Del Sacro Cuor E | Metodo per la determinazione dell'omocisteina. |
US10705093B2 (en) * | 2014-07-25 | 2020-07-07 | Bloodworks | Determination of small-molecule thiols and disulfides: protein bound cys and total cysteine as biomarkers of oxidative stress |
Citations (9)
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WO1993015220A1 (en) * | 1992-01-22 | 1993-08-05 | Axis Biochemicals As | Homocysteine assay |
WO1995030151A1 (en) * | 1994-04-28 | 1995-11-09 | Behringwerke Ag | Immunoassay for homocysteine |
WO1998007872A1 (en) * | 1996-08-23 | 1998-02-26 | The University Court Of The University Of Glasgow | Homocysteine desulphurase from the protozoan trichomonas vaginalis |
WO2000034771A1 (fr) * | 1998-12-07 | 2000-06-15 | Daiichi Pure Chemicals Co., Ltd. | Procede de detection d'hydrogene sulfure ou d'ion sulfure et procede de detection de substance specifique utilisant le premier procede |
JP2001017198A (ja) * | 1999-07-01 | 2001-01-23 | Toyobo Co Ltd | ホモシステインの測定方法およびホモシステイン測定用試薬組成物 |
WO2002002802A1 (fr) * | 2000-06-30 | 2002-01-10 | Azwell Inc. | Procede de mesure d'homocysteine totale |
EP1213358A2 (en) * | 2000-12-05 | 2002-06-12 | Toyo Boseki Kabushiki Kaisha | Method and kit for the determination of a biological component |
JP2002360295A (ja) * | 2001-06-07 | 2002-12-17 | Iatron Lab Inc | システイン共存試料中のホモシステインの測定法 |
JP2003144195A (ja) * | 2001-11-09 | 2003-05-20 | Azwell Inc | 安定なホモシステイン測定用組成物およびこれを用いるホモシステインの測定方法 |
Family Cites Families (1)
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US5985540A (en) * | 1997-07-24 | 1999-11-16 | Anticancer, Inc. | High specificity homocysteine assays for biological samples |
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2003
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-
2004
- 2004-01-28 DE DE602004017424T patent/DE602004017424D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-01-28 US US10/546,089 patent/US7135306B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-01-28 JP JP2005502669A patent/JPWO2004074477A1/ja active Pending
- 2004-01-28 CA CA002516029A patent/CA2516029A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2004-01-28 AT AT04705917T patent/ATE412907T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2004-01-28 EP EP04705917A patent/EP1595950B9/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-01-28 WO PCT/JP2004/000787 patent/WO2004074477A1/ja active Application Filing
Patent Citations (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1993015220A1 (en) * | 1992-01-22 | 1993-08-05 | Axis Biochemicals As | Homocysteine assay |
WO1995030151A1 (en) * | 1994-04-28 | 1995-11-09 | Behringwerke Ag | Immunoassay for homocysteine |
WO1998007872A1 (en) * | 1996-08-23 | 1998-02-26 | The University Court Of The University Of Glasgow | Homocysteine desulphurase from the protozoan trichomonas vaginalis |
WO2000034771A1 (fr) * | 1998-12-07 | 2000-06-15 | Daiichi Pure Chemicals Co., Ltd. | Procede de detection d'hydrogene sulfure ou d'ion sulfure et procede de detection de substance specifique utilisant le premier procede |
JP2001017198A (ja) * | 1999-07-01 | 2001-01-23 | Toyobo Co Ltd | ホモシステインの測定方法およびホモシステイン測定用試薬組成物 |
WO2002002802A1 (fr) * | 2000-06-30 | 2002-01-10 | Azwell Inc. | Procede de mesure d'homocysteine totale |
EP1213358A2 (en) * | 2000-12-05 | 2002-06-12 | Toyo Boseki Kabushiki Kaisha | Method and kit for the determination of a biological component |
JP2002360295A (ja) * | 2001-06-07 | 2002-12-17 | Iatron Lab Inc | システイン共存試料中のホモシステインの測定法 |
JP2003144195A (ja) * | 2001-11-09 | 2003-05-20 | Azwell Inc | 安定なホモシステイン測定用組成物およびこれを用いるホモシステインの測定方法 |
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JPWO2004074477A1 (ja) | 2006-06-22 |
ATE412907T1 (de) | 2008-11-15 |
EP1595950A1 (en) | 2005-11-16 |
EP1595950A4 (en) | 2007-03-07 |
US20060166300A1 (en) | 2006-07-27 |
CA2516029A1 (en) | 2004-09-02 |
DE602004017424D1 (de) | 2008-12-11 |
EP1595950B1 (en) | 2008-10-29 |
JP2006149203A (ja) | 2006-06-15 |
EP1595950B9 (en) | 2009-06-10 |
US7135306B2 (en) | 2006-11-14 |
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