WO2004071729A1 - 木質釘状接合具、および圧縮竹材、並びにその製造方法 - Google Patents
木質釘状接合具、および圧縮竹材、並びにその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2004071729A1 WO2004071729A1 PCT/JP2003/010996 JP0310996W WO2004071729A1 WO 2004071729 A1 WO2004071729 A1 WO 2004071729A1 JP 0310996 W JP0310996 W JP 0310996W WO 2004071729 A1 WO2004071729 A1 WO 2004071729A1
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- bamboo
- wooden
- nail
- compressed
- connector
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27J—MECHANICAL WORKING OF CANE, CORK, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- B27J1/00—Mechanical working of cane or the like
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27M—WORKING OF WOOD NOT PROVIDED FOR IN SUBCLASSES B27B - B27L; MANUFACTURE OF SPECIFIC WOODEN ARTICLES
- B27M3/00—Manufacture or reconditioning of specific semi-finished or finished articles
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
- F16B15/00—Nails; Staples
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a wooden nailed joint made of a wooden material (for example, a wooden nail).
- compressed wood material eg, compressed bamboo material obtained by compressing bamboo material.
- the present invention relates to a wooden nail-shaped joint having excellent strength and a compressed bamboo material.
- metal joints are mainly used for joining wooden members such as houses, furniture, packing materials for transportation, pallets for forklifts, transport drums for electric wires, and high-quality wooden boxes for gifts. It is used.
- Joining methods include joints, joints, nails, screws, pins, and bolts.
- excellent adhesives have been developed.
- the amount of iron nails used is overwhelmingly large. For example, a single-family house is built using a total of about 60,000 nails, staples, and screws. In addition, it is said that 4 times more nails are used in the case of the frame wall method (2 X 4 method).
- some wooden nails are used for joining wooden members.
- iron nails separated from building wood may be separated with a magnet or the like, but if wood joined with iron nails is crushed or crushed with a hammer mill or the like, iron nails will be embedded in the wood. It will remain. If iron nails remain in the wood, it is dangerous because when the wood is cut, the blades and the remaining iron nails come into contact at high speed, generating sparks and causing fire.
- the present inventor made a simple presentation on the excellent wood-based joints at the academic conference (The Fourth International Wood Science Symposium) held on September 2, 2002. The contents of the announcement do not sufficiently disclose the specific contents of the invention.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned conventional problems, and an object of the present invention is to manufacture a wooden joint having high strength and which can be easily driven, for example, a wooden nail joint. Disclosure of the invention
- the method for manufacturing a wooden nail-like connector according to the present invention includes a compression step of compressing a wooden material in a direction perpendicular to the fibers.
- the method for producing a wooden nail-like connector of the present invention includes a compression step of compressing in a direction perpendicular to the fibers in a state where the wooden materials are arranged in a flat plate shape without being laminated.
- a bamboo nail made of a single-layer compressed bamboo material can be obtained as a wooden nail-like connector.
- Such bamboo nails have the advantage of being very strong.
- "Finally without stacking wood material In a state of being arranged in a plate shape" refers to a state in which a single layer of wood is used without overlapping.
- the above wood materials refer to materials including wood, bamboo materials, palm materials and the like.
- wood materials having a structure in which cellulose is filled with rigs (wood materials that contain lignin and the cellulose component is tightly bound by the lignin).
- lignocellulosic materials are preferred.
- the “direction perpendicular to the fiber” referred to here is a cross-sectional direction perpendicular to the axial direction of the wood material because the fiber extends in the wood material in the axial direction.
- Wood is made up of hollow, elongated cells that are compressed perpendicularly to the fibers, causing the cells to collapse and consolidate, improving their hardness, abrasion resistance and strength. The increase in strength is specifically observed as an increase in bending strength, bending Young's modulus, compressive strength, and buckling resistance.
- nail connector refers to a nail connector made of wood.
- a "nail-like joint” is a nail-like substance (for example, at least one end formed with an acute angle), which has the function of fixing and / or joining two or more woody materials. It means a connector including nails, screws, bolts, pins, and drift pins, for example.
- These nail-type connectors do not require a pilot hole in the wood to be used when using a nail-type connector, or by providing a pilot hole with a diameter smaller than the outer diameter of the nail-type connector. It can also be referred to as a nail-like connector used in the present invention.
- nails, screws, bolts, pins, drift bins, etc. are driven with weight and are smaller than the outer diameter of the joint to the wood material to be driven
- a pilot hole with a prepared hole or a nail without a pilot hole It can be said that the dowel is different from the dowel which needs to have a prepared hole with the same diameter as the outer diameter of the connector. Therefore, when using a connector, a connector such as a dowel which needs to have a prepared hole having a diameter approximately the same as the outer diameter of the connector is excluded from the nail-shaped connector of the present invention. .
- the wooden nailed joint made by compressing the wooden material in this way is excellent in strength, and, like a conventional iron nail, can be driven without breaking into a pit, even if it is driven without drilling a hole in the object to be driven Can be. Further, even after being driven, the above-mentioned woody nailed connector has nail performance generally required, that is, pull-out resistance, and resistance to shearing of a bonded portion, and can maintain a strong bonded state. Therefore, the above-mentioned wooden nailed connector can be used industrially as a connector.
- the wooden nail-like joint is formed from wood, the wooden nail-like joint included therein is unnecessary even when the wood material to be driven is unnecessary and disposed of as waste. Material can be recycled without separation, and when burned, it burns together and can be recycled. In addition, it is possible to directly screw the whole wooden nailed joint. For example, when the wooden nail-shaped joint of the present invention is used for a house building, the waste material generated in the demolition and renovation of the house can be recycled as it is including the joint driven into the wooden material.
- bamboo material may be used as the wood material. That is, the wooden material is bamboo, and the wooden nail is bamboo nail. Is preferred.
- the strength of the connector which is made by compressing bamboo, is comparable to that of iron nails commonly used in construction. In particular, when driving joints, it is necessary to have strength in the longitudinal direction. If bamboo with a large amount of fiber in the axial direction is used as a wooden nail-like joint that is long in the fiber direction, a strong wooden nail-like joint will be used. Can be manufactured.
- the method for producing a wooden nail-like joint of the present invention is characterized in that the method further includes a cutting step of cutting the wooden material in addition to the above method.
- a connector having an arbitrary thickness can be manufactured from wood.
- This cutting process may be performed before compressing the wood material and then compressing it, or it may be cut after the wood material is compressed, but cutting after compression will produce a wooden nail-like joint more efficiently. it can. Further, in the cutting step, by cutting in a direction parallel to the fiber to obtain a wood material joint, a wooden nail-like joint which is more resistant to driving and which can be satisfactorily joined can be obtained.
- the wooden material in addition to the above method, in the compression step, is restrained in a direction perpendicular to the fiber direction and also perpendicular to the compression direction. It is characterized by compressing while compressing.
- wood material When a wood material is compressed in the direction perpendicular to the fiber direction, the wood material tends to stretch in a direction perpendicular to the fiber direction and also in a direction perpendicular to the compression direction.
- wood materials such as bamboo, which have a weak bond in the direction parallel to the fiber, can easily be compressed and broken as they grow.
- a method of restraining for example, in the compressing step, there is a method of compressing while restraining an end of the wooden material.
- end refers to an end of a wood material in a direction perpendicular to the fiber direction and also perpendicular to the compression direction. Specifically, when the wooden material is pressed and compressed while being held by a compression member in a direction perpendicular to the fiber, even if the compression member is provided with a horizontal wall for restraining an end of the wooden material, stretching can be prevented. Good.
- the wooden material may be compressed while restraining the compressed surface.
- the “compression surface” is a surface of a wooden material that receives a force in the compression direction. Specifically, when the wooden material is pressed and compressed while being held by a compression member in a direction perpendicular to the fiber, irregularities may be provided on the entire surface of the flat plate in contact with the wooden material. According to this, in the compression step, the wood material can be compressed in the direction perpendicular to the fiber without stretching in the direction perpendicular to the fiber direction and also in the direction perpendicular to the compression direction due to frictional resistance with the flat plate. . The irregularities may be formed by cutting the surface and cutting it on a line, or rubbing the surface with a file or a sandpaper. Such restraint due to frictional resistance can accommodate any size wood material.
- a heat treatment may be performed in a temperature atmosphere of 100 ° C. or more and 220 ° C. or less in parallel with or after the compression step. It is characterized by performing.
- the wood material is compressed and deformed in the compression process, but since the deformation is recovered thereafter, it is desirable to fix the deformation. So, to fix the deformation, After the shrinking step, heat treatment is performed. As a result, the compression deformation is fixed semipermanently, and can be kept in a reinforced state by being compressed. In addition, by performing this heat treatment in the range of 1 minute to 20 hours depending on the material and size of the wood material, the compression deformation can be fixed well.
- the temperature of the above heat treatment is more preferably 140 ° C. or more and 220 ° C. or less, and even more preferably 180 ° C. or more and 220 ° C. or less. .
- the compression step may be performed after the wood material is impregnated with the resin solution, and the resin may be cured concurrently with or after the compression step.
- a water-soluble resin having a small molecular weight is impregnated into the cell wall, and the compression plate can be made into a resin, so that the compression deformation is fixed.
- the resin penetrates into the cell wall, improving resistance to biodegradation and increasing surface hardness and strength.
- the method of curing the resin may be selected according to the material of the resin. For example, in the case of a thermosetting resin, heat treatment is performed, and in the case of an ultraviolet curable resin, ultraviolet irradiation is performed.
- a nail head that is thicker than other parts may be formed at one end of the compression plate.
- a wooden nailed joint manufactured by cutting such a compressed flat plate has a thicker nail head at one end than the other part, and the wooden nailed fastener is driven into the object from the opposite side of the nail head.
- a wooden nail-like connector that is difficult to pull out can be manufactured because the fastener catches on the object by the nail head.
- one end of the joint may be formed at an acute angle.
- a wooden nailed connector manufactured by cutting such a compressed flat plate can be driven with a small load by driving it into the object from the sharp corner.
- one end An acute angle is a shape obtained by cutting off one or both corners of one end face of a compression flat plate.
- bamboo small plates obtained by dividing a bamboo cylinder by a dividing line extending in the radial direction from the center axis thereof are arranged such that the inside and outside of each bamboo small plate are alternately arranged. Compressing in the direction is preferred.
- bamboo nails can be manufactured reliably and easily using bamboo materials.
- bamboo has a cylindrical shape and it is difficult to make it a compressed flat plate.Bamboo is divided by a dividing line extending radially from the central axis to obtain a thin bamboo plate that is thin in the direction perpendicular to the fibers. If it is compressed while adhering it, a compressed flat plate compressed in the direction perpendicular to the fiber can be manufactured.
- bamboo nails can be easily manufactured by cutting this compressed flat plate into a suitable size.
- the wooden nailed joint manufactured by the above-described manufacturing method has excellent strength and can be driven and joined well.
- woody nail-like connector of the present invention is characterized in that it expands by absorbing moisture.
- the wooden nail-like joint is driven into the object, the wooden nail-like joint is exposed to moisture, so that the wooden nail-like joint expands in a state embedded in the object.
- the connector and the object are more closely adhered to each other, and the pull-out resistance is increased.
- the protruding portion expands without receiving pressure from the object, so that the protruding portion becomes larger than the diameter of the hole opened at the time of driving and further pulling resistance Becomes larger.
- the term "exposed to water” as used herein includes exposure to water vapor in the air, spraying water liquid, and blowing high-temperature steam. Ma
- the expansion can be further promoted.
- expansion means that the deformation of the compressed and deformed wood material is restored, or that the wood material absorbs moisture and swells.
- the method for producing a compressed bamboo material of the present invention is characterized by including a compression step of compressing the bamboo material in a direction perpendicular to the fiber.
- the method for producing a compressed bamboo material of the present invention is characterized by including a compression step of compressing the bamboo material in a direction perpendicular to the fibers in a state where the bamboo materials are arranged in a flat shape without being laminated.
- the compressed bamboo material manufactured by the above method is a compressed bamboo material made of a single-layer bamboo material, and therefore has a high strength.
- bamboo has a higher density than other wood materials, and can produce a compressed bamboo that is significantly stronger than compressed wood bamboo by compression.
- bamboo has extremely high fertility and can be used as a material in 3 to 4 years, so a large amount of material can be supplied in a short time at low cost.
- the above-mentioned compression step includes the steps of dividing a bamboo material cylinder into a bamboo material small plate obtained by dividing a bamboo material cylinder by a dividing line extending radially from a central axis thereof.
- the inner and outer sides are arranged alternately and compressed radially as described above.
- bamboo has a cylindrical shape and it is difficult to make it a compressed flat plate.Bamboo is divided by a dividing line extending radially from the central axis to obtain a thin bamboo plate in the direction perpendicular to the fiber. If it is compressed while bonding it, a compressed flat plate compressed in the direction perpendicular to the fiber can be manufactured.
- each bamboo plate by compressing the bamboo plate, the inside and outside of each bamboo plate are arranged alternately, so that the bending force of the bamboo plate generated by the compression is suppressed flat, and the bamboo plate is broken. Compression without compression.
- Inside and outside refer to the inner and outer skin side of the bamboo cylinder, respectively.
- the compressed bamboo material refers to a material obtained by compressing a bamboo material, and includes a compressed flat plate manufactured by the above method.
- a continuous wooden nail-like connector formed by connecting a plurality of the above-mentioned wooden nail-like fasteners can be continuously driven by being loaded and driven into an automatic nailing machine or the like.
- “connected” means that some of the wooden nail-like connectors are connected, and for example, each of the wooden nail-like connectors may be connected with paper or plastic, Further, when manufacturing the wooden nail-like connector, each of the wooden nail-like connectors may not be completely cut, but may be in a comb shape with some of the ends connected.
- FIG. 1 (a) to 1 (d) are drawings for explaining a manufacturing process of a bamboo nail according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a drawing showing the relationship between density and bending strength of a compressed flat plate made of mushroom, mushroom or cedar manufactured according to the method for manufacturing a woody nailed joint of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 (a) is a drawing for explaining a compression process when compressed by a press platen having grooves
- FIG. 3 (b) is a drawing for explaining a compression process when compressed by a press platen having no grooves.
- FIG. 4 shows a bamboo nail having a nail head according to an embodiment of the present invention and a bamboo nail. It is a drawing showing a compression flat plate before cutting.
- FIG. 5 is a drawing showing a manufacturing process of a bamboo nail having a nail head according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a view showing a state in which a bamboo nail having a nail head according to an embodiment of the present invention and having one end at an acute angle is driven into a cedar material.
- FIG. 7 is a drawing showing a state in which the bamboo nail according to the embodiment of the present invention is driven into water and then expanded by driving it into wood material.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a bamboo nail according to an embodiment of the present invention driven into cedar wood.
- FIG. 9 shows the relationship between the energy required for driving the bamboo nail according to one embodiment of the present invention and a conventional iron nail into a wooden material by a drop-type driving, and the driving area. It is a drawing.
- FIG. 10 is a drawing showing the relationship between the load required for pulling and the driving area when the bamboo nail according to one embodiment of the present invention and a conventional iron nail are driven into a wooden material and pulled out.
- FIGS. 1 to 7. An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS. 1 to 7.
- a method for manufacturing a bamboo nail will be described as an example, but the present invention is not limited to this.
- bamboo has a hollow cylindrical shape, so it is difficult to harvest wood with a high yield, and it is difficult to obtain a bamboo with a desired shape, for example, a large flat plate. Therefore, as shown in Fig. 1 (a), the bamboo cylinder 1 is equally divided in the radial direction from the central axis a of the cylinder by 12 to 16 to obtain bamboo platelets 2 (2a, 2b). Then, a plurality of the obtained bamboo small plates 2 (2a, 2b) were horizontally arranged, compressed by press 3, and compressed into flat plates.
- the press 3 will be described.
- the press 3 has a bottom plate 13 having two parallel horizontal walls 12, a press platen 11 which is installed parallel to the bottom plate 13 and translates so as to enter the box along the horizontal wall 12. This is a device for compressing a plate disposed on the bottom plate 13 with a press platen 11 at a uniform pressure in a plane.
- bamboo plate 2 (2a, 2b) For bamboo plate 2 (2a, 2b), apply adhesive 4 to the end face where the bamboo plate is adjacent to each other (the bamboo plate of the bamboo plate arranged at the end is not adjacent) Side is not applied), and spread horizontally in the press 3 as shown in Fig. 1 (b).
- the bamboo small plate 2 (2 a, 2 b) is arranged so that the outer skin side and the inner skin side alternate, that is, the bamboo small plate 2 a has the outer skin side up, and next to it, the outer skin side is down. Deploy. Thereby, the end surfaces of the bamboo small plates 2 come into contact with each other, and as described later, cracks are prevented by compressing while suppressing bending deformation.
- the press 3 was heated to 180 ° C. to compress the bamboo small plate 2 in a direction perpendicular to the fiber (in the direction of the arrow).
- the edge portions both upper ends 2 b
- the inner side is brought into close contact with the press platen 11.
- the outer skin side curved portion is compressed and adheres to the bottom plate 13.
- the curved bamboo small plate 2 becomes a flat plate.
- the adhesive applied to the end face of the small bamboo plate 2 is adhered to form a flat plate as shown in FIG.
- a compressed flat plate 5 is obtained.
- the expansion in the horizontal direction (from the direction parallel to the fiber) is restrained by the horizontal wall 12, but the compression force generated by this causes the bamboo plate 2
- the compression plates 5 are pressed together to form a tightly adhered compression plate 5.
- a bamboo nail 6 can be manufactured by cutting the obtained compressed flat plate 5 into a prismatic shape.
- the end faces of the bamboo small plates 2 (2a, 2b) are compressed while being in contact with each other, they can be compressed while suppressing bending deformation, preventing cracking.
- the bamboo plate 2 If the bamboo plate 2 is compressed with only one piece without being spread on the press 3, the bamboo plate 2 spreads the edge (end face) on the endothelium side in the early stage of compression, making it impossible to curve on the inner skin side.
- the force of bending deformation is applied, and the material is split by tension.
- the bent bamboo plate 2 since the curved bamboo plate 2 has a smaller surface area on the inner skin side than a surface area on the outer skin side, the bent bamboo plate 2 should be bent into a flat plate shape having the same surface area on both sides. Then, the endothelium side is forcibly expanded and split by tension. This is the same when the bamboo small plates 2 are arranged so that the inside faces in the same direction.
- the adjacent bamboo small plate 2 contacts only a part of the outer skin side and does not contact the inner skin side. Therefore, the bending deformation on the endothelium side cannot be prevented as in the case of compressing with only one sheet.
- the bamboo platelets 2 press the end surfaces of the bamboo platelets 2 against each other to suppress the bending deformation of the curve and to restrain the elongation in the lateral direction. Instead, each convex part (skin-side curvature) is compressed, resulting in flattening. Therefore, the curvature of the bamboo small plate 2 is flattened and consolidated without breaking. As a result, the bamboo cylinder 1 A bamboo compression plate can be manufactured that can use all the bamboo materials.
- the method for producing a wooden nail-like connector comprises a step of obtaining a bamboo small plate obtained by dividing a bamboo cylinder by a dividing line extending radially from a central axis thereof. And at least two (or more) of each bamboo plate obtained by the above process, and each bamboo plate is made of wood
- the ends of the bamboo plate are in contact with each other, and the outer skin side (elliptical portion) and inner skin side of each bamboo plate.
- the method includes a step of arranging the short bamboo portions adjacent to each other and a step of compressing the bamboo small plate arranged as described above in a direction parallel to the radial direction.
- the long circular portion refers to the long arc portion of the bamboo small plate, that is, the portion on the outer skin side (the portion far from the center axis of the bamboo cylinder), and the short circular portion refers to the short portion of the bamboo small plate.
- the arc portion that is, the portion on the inner skin side (the skin portion closer to the center axis of the bamboo cylinder).
- the “direction parallel to the above radiation direction” that is the direction of compression refers to the direction away from the central axis and / or the direction approaching the central axis.
- FIG. 2 shows the bending strength of the bamboo-compressed flat plate 5 made of the above-mentioned mushroom, and the bamboo-compressed flat plate and the cedar flat plate made of Moso-dzuk made by the same method, and cut out by the above-described method. At this time, the bending strength was measured according to the method defined in JIS Z 211.
- the bamboo compressed flat plate 5 is restrained in the lateral direction by the lateral wall 1 2 at the end of the bamboo small plate 2 that is not in contact with another bamboo small plate 2 at the end. Restrained). For this reason, the curvature of bamboo can be compressed and flattened without breaking. Then, as shown in FIG. 1 (d), the bamboo nail 6 can be manufactured by cutting the bamboo compacted plate 5 into a prismatic shape.
- bamboo has a mixture of tissues with different densities, such as epidermis, endothelium, vascular sheath, parenchyma cells, etc., and has less tissue in the cross-sectional direction than wood, and the connection in this direction is weak.
- tissue with different densities, such as epidermis, endothelium, vascular sheath, parenchyma cells, etc.
- the bamboo platelets 2 When compressed in the radial direction, it expands remarkably in the tangential direction and breaks easily, but the bamboo platelets 2 are arranged so that the end faces are pressed against each other, and are constrained by the side walls 12 in the tangential direction. Extension is prevented and not destroyed.
- lateral restraint is indispensable for compressing large deformation of bamboo in the horizontal direction. Especially when compressing bamboo, lateral restraint is important because bamboo is oily and slippery.
- the lateral restraint means may be the transverse wall 12 as described above, The same effect can be obtained by using a bottom plate 23 without a lateral wall having a groove 91 on the side in contact with the bottom plate and a press platen 21.
- the surface is provided with grooves 91 on the S line as irregularities for increasing friction between the press platen 21 and the bamboo material 26, but the present invention is not limited to this. Or by rubbing the surface with sandpaper. Such lateral restraint due to frictional resistance can be applied to wood materials of any size.
- the bamboo compressed in this way has the property of recovering its shape when stored for a long time.
- the deformation is temporarily fixed (dry set) due to hydrogen bonds formed between the wood components, and the deformation given to the wood is relatively stable in the dry state. It is retained, but recovers to almost its original shape by the action of moisture and heat, due to expansion and recovery of cell wall deformation.
- the strength performance in the vertical direction was sufficient, and it was possible to drive wood.
- the bamboo nails 6 are connected by a stick type (comb-shaped connecting nails are formed as a single piece) or a coil type (single molded nails are connected by plastic or paper). Continuous loading is also possible by loading into an automatic nailing machine.
- the resistance to biological deterioration that is, rot fungi and termites, is sufficient, and stable bonding can be achieved in the structure for a long period of time.
- bamboo nails 6 are inexpensive compared to conventional iron nails, because bamboo material is inexpensive, the flatness of the flat plate after compression is good, and the cutting performance is sufficient. Manufacturable.
- the stellate type bamboo nail 6 manufactured as described above can be used for finishing interior materials and the like.
- a bamboo nail 56 with a nail head 55 as shown in Fig. 4 is formed. You may.
- the bamboo plate 52 when the bamboo plate 52 is compressed by the press 3, the bamboo plate 57 may be compressed so as to have an inclined portion in which one end portion becomes gradually thicker like the bamboo plate 57. That is, as shown in FIG. 5, a mold 54 having an inclined surface on one side is installed between the press platen 51 and the bamboo plate 52, and between the bottom plate 53 and the bamboo plate 52.
- the compression plate 57 having a thick nail head at one end is formed so that only one end is not compressed more than the other during compression.
- bamboo is easier to deform on the endothelium side than on the outer skin side, and a large nail head is formed on the endothelium side. There is no problem because pulling out can be suppressed. If this compressed flat plate 57 is cut into a prismatic shape, a bamboo nail 56 having a nail head can be manufactured. At this time, it is preferable that the inclination from the torso to the head in FIG. 4 (the acute angle between the torso and the head), that is, the inclination angle of the mold 54 is 30 degrees or less.
- one end of the compression flat plate may be made an acute angle. This makes it possible for a wooden nail-shaped joint manufactured by cutting a compressed flat plate to be driven with a small load by driving the sharp nail into a target object.
- the method of making one end of the compressed flat plate an acute angle it may be molded by a mold that makes one end an acute angle during compression, or the end surface of the compressed flat plate may be cut off by cutting. .
- the resin treatment will be described.
- the bamboo material is dried prior to compression, and the bamboo material is contained in an aqueous solution of a low molecular weight phenol resin. Soak and air dry.
- the resin is cured, and a compressed bamboo material having high dimensional stability can be obtained.
- the bending strength and surface hardness are remarkably improved, and biodegradation resistance can be imparted.
- the resin to be used may be any one that is water-soluble, has a small molecular weight and can infiltrate the cell lumen, and preferably has a molecular weight of 200 to 600, and a resin solid content of 5 to 30%. It is desirable to use Specific examples include a melamine resin and a glyoxal resin, and a phenol resin is more preferred.
- the deformation is fixed semipermanently by heating at 100 ° C or more and 220 ° C or less after compression of the compression plate, and the compressed state is maintained in a strengthened state. be able to.
- the temperature of the heat treatment is more preferably 140 ° C. or more and 220 ° C. or less, and more preferably 180 ° C. It is more preferable that the temperature be C or higher and 220 ° C. or lower.
- the heat treatment is performed at a temperature of 100 to 220 ° C, preferably at a temperature of 180 to 220 ° C.
- Compressive deformation is permanently fixed by heating for a long time.
- the heat treatment may be performed by holding the plate in a hot platen press machine, or may be performed in a high-temperature furnace by temporarily fixing the compression deformation.
- the difference in the mechanism between the two treatments is the water content of the wood during heating. Focusing on this point, simple deformation fixing techniques such as closed heat treatment and high-frequency heat treatment may be used.
- a method of manufacturing a wooden nail using bamboo material has been described as an example.
- the present invention is not limited to this method. Applicable.
- wood material used in the present invention has been described by using an example of Madake, but it is not limited to this.
- bamboo materials such as Moso-Wichita and Hachik, and wood such as Japanese cedar may be used.
- press-type compression is used, but roll-type compression may be used.
- the bamboo pieces having a trapezoidal cross section are compressed in a state where the trapezoidal cross sections are alternately arranged so that the outer skin portion and the inner skin portion are alternately arranged. Due to the friction between the two, it is possible to apply high pressure and compress without restraining the lateral direction. Naturally, this technology is different from bamboo It is also available for other wood materials.
- compressed wood itself is a technology that has existed since the 1930s, but until now, it could only be compressed with a pressure of about 200 MPa.
- compression can be performed by applying pressure to 400 to 450 MPa, so that a very hard compressed wood material (for example, a compressed bamboo material) can be manufactured. Therefore, they can be used for wooden nail-like connectors such as nails.
- wood materials can be used not only as a single layer but also as a laminate.
- wood materials when manufacturing a large-diameter connector or a wooden material, it can be manufactured by stacking and compressing a plurality of single-layer compressed wood boards.
- the compressed wood material for example, compressed bamboo material
- the wooden nailed connector, and the like manufactured by the present invention can be used for the framework of a tanker.
- a smaller tank is provided inside the tank and secured with a wooden crate.
- LNG, etc. can drop to minus a hundred and tens of degrees due to liquefaction, but since the wooden frame has heat insulation properties, it is a good fixing member without condensation.
- condensation may form at the nail and the wooden frame may be rotten.
- Such a problem can be avoided by using the wooden nail-like connector, the wooden nail, or the like according to the present invention.
- the compressed wood material for example, compressed bamboo material
- the wooden nailed connector, and the like manufactured by the present invention can also be used for fixing a heat insulating material to be inserted into a wall of a house. Insulation is usually fixed in the wall with nails, but when metal nails are used, heat escapes from them and the insulation is lost. In contrast Therefore, such a problem can be avoided by using the wooden nail-like connector, the wooden nail, or the like according to the present invention.
- the present invention is applicable to a wooden nailed joint that is not a nail. That is, the present invention may include a method for manufacturing a wooden connector including a compression step of compressing the wooden material in a direction perpendicular to the fibers. Further, the present invention may include a wooden connector manufactured by the method for manufacturing a wooden connector.
- wood joiner here is a joiner made of a wood material.
- a “joint” may be one that has the function of fixing and / or joining two or more woody materials.For example, joining of a broad concept including nails, screws, bolts, pins, drift bins, and dowels Means the tool.
- the above-mentioned wooden connector can provide the same effect as the wooden nail-like connector described in this specification. It is needless to say that all the embodiments described for the wooden nail connector are also applicable to the wooden connector.
- the present invention also includes a method for producing a compressed wood material, which includes a compression step of compressing the bamboo material in a direction perpendicular to the fiber. Further, the compressed wood material manufactured by the above-described method for manufacturing a compressed wood material is also included in the present invention.
- the above-described compressed wood material can provide the same effects as the compressed bamboo material described in this specification. It is needless to say that all the embodiments described for the compressed bamboo material can also be applied to the compressed wood material.
- a prism with a length of about 50 mm cut out from the high-strength hull side could be driven, but in many cases, the bamboo was torn along the fibers and the bamboo was torn along the fibers.
- bamboo nails having a length of 90 mm when all the bamboo nails were driven in by about 30 mm, a typical buckling rupture occurred at the center of the span and broke.
- bamboo nails which were obtained by cutting bamboo directly, did not have the strength to be used industrially.
- a mushroom having a thickness of about 6 mm to 8 mm was obtained by the method described in the embodiment of the present invention.
- C make a flat plate at 30 MPa, and make 2.5 mn! A 4.5 mm square piece was cut out and the tip was set to a diamond point of 60 °, 5 c ⁇ ! bamboo nails of ⁇ 9 cm length were prepared.
- the bamboo nails prepared in this manner were subjected to a driving test using a compressed air type automatic nailing machine (HN-50 and CN890S, manufactured by Max Corp.).
- the wood materials to be implanted were cedar, larch, spruce wood, and their laminated wood.
- Fig. 8 shows bamboo nails of this example having a length of 9 cm driven into cedar wood. No damage was found at the tip of the bamboo nail, and fibers cut by driving were attached to the surface of the bamboo nail.
- the drop-in type driving device is a device that drives a nail by the gravity of a weight with variable gravity.
- the weight falls freely along the 2.5 m long rail, and hits a driver at the bottom where bamboo nails can be installed. bamboo nails are installed so that the tips are driven into wood.
- cedar wood was used as the wood material to be driven, and the weight was varied from 0.5 kg to 5 kg in increments of 0.5 kg. This device can hit the dry par at about 5 to 250 Nm.
- the results are shown in FIG.
- the vertical axis shows the energy of hitting the weight
- the horizontal axis shows the driving area (the surface area of the site where the nail was driven).
- the nails used were CN 90 (10), a 90 mm standard nail for the 2 ⁇ 4 method, and the bamboo nail of the present invention having a body length of 4.0 mm (BL, ⁇ ), 3.4 mm ( ⁇ , ⁇ ), and 2.7 mm (BS, ⁇ ).
- the bamboo nails of the present invention all had driving characteristics comparable to conventional CN90 nails.
- the energy required for driving increased exponentially for the CN nail, but increased almost linearly for the bamboo nail, regardless of the nail thickness, with respect to the amount of driving.
- the pullout resistance of the bamboo nail CN90 nail of the present invention was determined.
- Figure 10 shows the relationship between the maximum load during nailing and the driving area.
- the tested nails were CN 90 (Hata) described above, the bamboo nail of the present invention having a body length of 4.0 mm (BL, ⁇ ), and 3.4 mm ( ⁇ , ⁇ ) and 2.7 mm (BS, ⁇ ).
- CN90 nails had been subjected to surface treatment (painting) to increase pull-out resistance.
- each of the bamboo nails of the present invention exhibited pull-out resistance comparable to that of the conventional CN 90 nail.
- the allowable pull-out strength (the limit pull-out load at which the nail cannot be pulled out) required for the joining function as a nail was calculated and compared with the pull-out resistance of the nail of the present embodiment.
- the bamboo nails showed a pull-out strength higher than these allowable pull-out strengths (see Fig. 10), which sufficiently corresponded to the design standards.
- the long-term allowable pull-out resistance refers to the pull-out resistance when a force is applied for a long time
- the short-term allowable pull-out resistance refers to the pull-out resistance when a momentary force is applied.
- the method for producing a woody nailed joint of the present invention is a method including a compression step of compressing a wooden material in a direction perpendicular to the fiber to form a compressed flat plate. Therefore, it is possible to provide a joint made of a wood material, which has sufficient strength to function as a joint.
- bamboo is used as the above-mentioned wooden material, a wooden nail-like connector having higher density and excellent strength can be obtained, and bamboo is inexpensive and has excellent workability. It doesn't even cost.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical And Physical Treatments For Wood And The Like (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US10/545,374 US20060060263A1 (en) | 2003-02-13 | 2003-08-28 | Wooden nail-like connector, compressed bamboo material, and method of manufacturing the connector and the material |
JP2004568204A JPWO2004071729A1 (ja) | 2003-02-13 | 2003-08-28 | 木質釘状接合具、および圧縮竹材、並びにその製造方法 |
CA002515737A CA2515737A1 (en) | 2003-02-13 | 2003-08-28 | Wooden nail-like connector, compressed bamboo material, and method of manufacturing the connector and the material |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
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JP2003035636 | 2003-02-13 | ||
JP2003-35636 | 2003-02-13 |
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WO2004071729A1 true WO2004071729A1 (ja) | 2004-08-26 |
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PCT/JP2003/010996 WO2004071729A1 (ja) | 2003-02-13 | 2003-08-28 | 木質釘状接合具、および圧縮竹材、並びにその製造方法 |
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US (1) | US20060060263A1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JPWO2004071729A1 (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2515737A1 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2004071729A1 (ja) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JP2011011545A (ja) * | 2009-06-03 | 2011-01-20 | Technote Co Ltd | 竹素材及びその二次加工品 |
CN104369233A (zh) * | 2014-05-26 | 2015-02-25 | 中集木业发展有限公司 | 展平竹单板及其加工方法、展平竹复合地板及集装箱 |
JP2018515732A (ja) * | 2015-05-11 | 2018-06-14 | ライムント ベック カーゲー | 木本植物材料からなる釘のストリップ |
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CN110587737B (zh) * | 2014-04-14 | 2022-03-18 | 杭州新竹文化创意有限公司 | 竹材展开方法和竹板材 |
US9565949B2 (en) | 2014-05-30 | 2017-02-14 | Steelcase Inc. | Chair upholstery attachment arrangement and method |
CN105108857A (zh) * | 2015-06-29 | 2015-12-02 | 融水苗族自治县和睦镇人民政府 | 竹筐的制作方法 |
CN104960048B (zh) * | 2015-07-02 | 2017-01-18 | 浙江九川竹木股份有限公司 | 竹筒自动生产设备及生产方法 |
US9962894B1 (en) * | 2015-11-09 | 2018-05-08 | Bamcore LLC | Press to flatten bamboo stalks |
DE102017106705A1 (de) * | 2017-03-23 | 2018-09-27 | Raimund Beck Nageltechnik Gmbh | Nagel, insbesondere für den Einsatz in einem Nagelsetzgerät |
DE102017115893A1 (de) * | 2017-07-14 | 2019-01-17 | Raimund Beck Nageltechnik Gmbh | Verbundbauteil |
CN109176801B (zh) * | 2018-08-03 | 2023-05-09 | 南京林业大学 | 一种工程竹钉的制造方法及其处理设备 |
DE102018130545A1 (de) * | 2018-11-30 | 2020-06-04 | Raimund Beck Nageltechnik Gmbh | Nagel, Nagelstreifen und Verfahren zum Herstellen eines solchen |
CN109696355B (zh) * | 2019-01-21 | 2021-04-13 | 中国林业科学研究院木材工业研究所 | 一种重组复合结构竹材的长期抗拉强度的测定方法 |
CN113771174A (zh) * | 2021-08-03 | 2021-12-10 | 扬州工业职业技术学院 | 复合木枪钉的生产方法 |
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Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2011011545A (ja) * | 2009-06-03 | 2011-01-20 | Technote Co Ltd | 竹素材及びその二次加工品 |
CN104369233A (zh) * | 2014-05-26 | 2015-02-25 | 中集木业发展有限公司 | 展平竹单板及其加工方法、展平竹复合地板及集装箱 |
CN104369233B (zh) * | 2014-05-26 | 2016-03-30 | 中集木业发展有限公司 | 展平竹单板及其加工方法、展平竹复合地板及集装箱 |
JP2018515732A (ja) * | 2015-05-11 | 2018-06-14 | ライムント ベック カーゲー | 木本植物材料からなる釘のストリップ |
US10428852B2 (en) | 2015-05-11 | 2019-10-01 | Raimund Beck Kg | Strip of nails made of woody plant material |
Also Published As
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US20060060263A1 (en) | 2006-03-23 |
JPWO2004071729A1 (ja) | 2006-06-01 |
CA2515737A1 (en) | 2004-08-26 |
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