WO2004054648A1 - 酸素供給装置 - Google Patents
酸素供給装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2004054648A1 WO2004054648A1 PCT/JP2003/016122 JP0316122W WO2004054648A1 WO 2004054648 A1 WO2004054648 A1 WO 2004054648A1 JP 0316122 W JP0316122 W JP 0316122W WO 2004054648 A1 WO2004054648 A1 WO 2004054648A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- oxygen
- supply
- automatic
- flow rate
- user
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
- A61M16/10—Preparation of respiratory gases or vapours
- A61M16/1005—Preparation of respiratory gases or vapours with O2 features or with parameter measurement
- A61M16/101—Preparation of respiratory gases or vapours with O2 features or with parameter measurement using an oxygen concentrator
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
- A61M16/0003—Accessories therefor, e.g. sensors, vibrators, negative pressure
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
- A61M16/021—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes operated by electrical means
- A61M16/022—Control means therefor
- A61M16/024—Control means therefor including calculation means, e.g. using a processor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
- A61M16/06—Respiratory or anaesthetic masks
- A61M16/0666—Nasal cannulas or tubing
- A61M16/0672—Nasal cannula assemblies for oxygen therapy
- A61M16/0677—Gas-saving devices therefor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
- A61M16/20—Valves specially adapted to medical respiratory devices
- A61M16/201—Controlled valves
- A61M16/202—Controlled valves electrically actuated
- A61M16/203—Proportional
- A61M16/204—Proportional used for inhalation control
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B13/00—Oxygen; Ozone; Oxides or hydroxides in general
- C01B13/02—Preparation of oxygen
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
- A61M16/0057—Pumps therefor
- A61M16/0063—Compressors
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
- A61M16/0003—Accessories therefor, e.g. sensors, vibrators, negative pressure
- A61M2016/0015—Accessories therefor, e.g. sensors, vibrators, negative pressure inhalation detectors
- A61M2016/0018—Accessories therefor, e.g. sensors, vibrators, negative pressure inhalation detectors electrical
- A61M2016/0021—Accessories therefor, e.g. sensors, vibrators, negative pressure inhalation detectors electrical with a proportional output signal, e.g. from a thermistor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
- A61M16/0003—Accessories therefor, e.g. sensors, vibrators, negative pressure
- A61M2016/0027—Accessories therefor, e.g. sensors, vibrators, negative pressure pressure meter
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
- A61M16/0003—Accessories therefor, e.g. sensors, vibrators, negative pressure
- A61M2016/003—Accessories therefor, e.g. sensors, vibrators, negative pressure with a flowmeter
- A61M2016/0033—Accessories therefor, e.g. sensors, vibrators, negative pressure with a flowmeter electrical
- A61M2016/0039—Accessories therefor, e.g. sensors, vibrators, negative pressure with a flowmeter electrical in the inspiratory circuit
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M2202/00—Special media to be introduced, removed or treated
- A61M2202/02—Gases
- A61M2202/0208—Oxygen
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M2202/00—Special media to be introduced, removed or treated
- A61M2202/03—Gases in liquid phase, e.g. cryogenic liquids
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a respiratory gas supply device provided with an automatic on-off valve that operates according to a user's respiratory cycle. More specifically, it is a medical device used by patients with chronic respiratory disease to perform oxygen inhalation therapy, and supplies oxygen or oxygen-enriched gas as respiratory gas intermittently to the user according to the respiratory cycle
- the present invention relates to an oxygen supply device having a function. Background art
- Oxygen inhalation therapy is one of the most effective treatments for such respiratory diseases.
- the oxygen supply device that separates oxygen-enriched gas directly from the air or oxygen as a source of oxygen required for such treatment Cylinders have come to be used.
- an oxygen-enriched air supply device using a pressure-variable adsorption type, a membrane type, or a solid electrolyte membrane that selectively transmits oxygen, or a large-capacity fixed oxygen type.
- a cylinder is used.
- a portable oxygen cylinder is used. Since this is a cylinder that can be carried by patients with respiratory diseases, it must be small and lightweight, and is filled with high-pressure oxygen gas to withstand long-term use.
- the portable small oxygen cylinder is provided with a pressure reducing valve and a flow rate adjusting function, and can supply oxygen at a flow rate according to the prescription for the patient.
- this respiratory synchronization oxygen supply device does not supply wasteful oxygen during expiration and is economically effective
- the oxygen concentrator is disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 61-131756 / 1986. Also proposed the use of a respiratory tuned oxygen supply. Further, a mobile or portable oxygen concentrator capable of being driven by a battery has been proposed (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Nos. 7-136271, 7-136272, and (See Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Publication No. 2000-32250482, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 200210-210, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-254424), Battery Due to capacity limitations, it may be desirable to have a respiratory synchronized oxygenator to extend the available time.
- the user's breathing is normally detected by a pressure sensor via a force pyula. Therefore, if the user's breathing is weak or the respiration rate is abnormally high, respiratory synchronization may not be achieved. Similarly, respiratory synchronization may not be achieved due to sensor deterioration.
- the oxygen concentrator When installed together with a portable oxygen concentrator, the oxygen concentrator may be used during sleep. At this time, the user may breathe by mouth, and the sensor that detects normal nasal breathing may not be able to detect breathing. As a result, a continuous supply of oxygen may be required at times, independent of the user's breathing.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-143303 discloses a first piping system having an electromagnetic valve and a second piping system having a setting member having a plurality of orifices formed therein. If the first piping system is selected using the on-off valve, the setting of respiratory synchronization oxygen supply is set.If the second piping system is selected, the setting of the oxygen flow rate during continuous oxygen supply is set. A configuration that can be implemented has been proposed. Disclosure of the invention However, in the respiratory-tuned oxygen supply device described in the above-mentioned Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No.
- the supply piping system in continuous flow and the respiration-tuned oxygen supply device are different. It requires two piping systems, a supply piping system for the flow. Therefore, in such a device, the piping configuration itself is complicated, and from the viewpoint of portability, it is not preferable in view of an increase in weight and an increase in size of the device due to the addition of a flow path switching valve and a flow path opening / closing valve, and the addition of a control system. .
- An object of the present invention is to solve such a problem, and an object of the present invention is to provide a small and lightweight respiratory synchronization type gas supply device having a function of setting a flow rate during continuous supply.
- the present invention is an oxygen supply device that includes an oxygen generation unit, an oxygen supply unit that supplies the oxygen to a user, and an automatic on-off valve in an oxygen supply path, and includes a respiration sensor that detects a user's respiration. Equipped with a supply method setting means for supply in continuous flow or supply synchronized with the user's breathing, and a flow rate setting means for supply flow rate.
- Controlling the opening of the corresponding automatic on-off valve receiving the supply system setting signal in synchronization, opening the automatic on-off valve at the start of inhalation based on the respiration signal from the respiration center, and controlling the flow rate It is an object of the present invention to provide an oxygen supply device characterized by comprising control means for controlling the opening time of an automatic on-off valve corresponding to a set value.
- the present invention is characterized in that such an automatic on-off valve has a response speed from fully closed to fully open of 0.1 second or less, and furthermore, the diameter of the orifice of the automatic on-off valve is ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ or more.
- An object of the present invention is to provide an oxygen supply device characterized by having a diameter of 5 ⁇ ⁇ or less.
- the oxygen generating means may include an adsorption cylinder having an adsorbent for selectively adsorbing nitrogen rather than oxygen, and a pressure fluctuation adsorption type having a compressor for supplying pressurized air to the adsorption cylinder.
- FIG. 1 shows a configuration diagram of the oxygen supply device of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 shows the results of oxygen supply during respiratory synchronization using the oxygen supply apparatus of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 shows the results of oxygen supply during continuous flow supply using the oxygen supply device of the present invention.
- the present invention relates to an oxygen generating means, an oxygen supplying means for supplying the oxygen to a user, and an oxygen supplying apparatus having an automatic opening / closing valve in an oxygen supplying path, wherein the opening degree is continuously adjusted by an electric signal.
- This is an oxygen supply device equipped with an automatic opening / closing valve having a function that can be performed in the gas flow rate control section.
- the oxygen generating means is a device capable of continuously supplying oxygen, and includes an oxygen selective permeable membrane type, an adsorption type, an electrochemical type using an electrolyte, an oxygen concentrating unit, an oxygen cylinder, and liquefaction. Oxygen-filled containers and the like.
- Oxygen selective permeable membrane type oxygen concentrator means a polymer membrane with an oxygen permeability coefficient larger than nitrogen permeability coefficient, and pressurized air supply to one side of the membrane with a compressor or the like, and from the other side of the membrane It is to extract concentrated oxygen.
- a polymer film include a film containing polydimethylsiloxane-polycarbonate copolymer, poly (4-methylpentene-11), polyphenylene xoxide, and a porphyrin complex-containing film.
- the adsorption-type oxygen concentrating means is an oxygen-enriched gas by introducing compressed air with a compressor or the like into an adsorption bed filled with an adsorbent capable of selectively adsorbing nitrogen and adsorbing nitrogen under pressure.
- Pressurized type means to concentrate oxygen by alternately performing the adsorption step to obtain oxygen and the desorption step to desorb nitrogen by reducing the internal pressure of the adsorption bed to regenerate the adsorbent, or to introduce normal-pressure air.
- the process of adsorbing nitrogen at normal pressure and the desorption process of regenerating the adsorbent by desorbing nitrogen by reducing the internal pressure of the adsorbent bed from normal pressure by gas suction using a vacuum pump or the like are performed alternately.
- a decompression type means for concentrating oxygen and a combination of these pressurization type means and decompression type means.
- an adsorbent there is a crystalline zeolite molecular sieve having a selective adsorption property to nitrogen.
- a zeolite having a metal element as a cation is preferable.
- a type Zeorai Toya 1 3 X type Zeorai bets is Na Toriumuzeorai bets or,, Si0 2 / Al 2 0 3 ratio is X-type zeolite preparative 2.0 to 3.0, and the AI0 4 Li zeolite, which is a crystalline zeolite in which at least 88% of tetrahedral units are associated with lithium cations, may be mentioned.
- Electrochemical oxygen concentrating means using an electrolyte means that an oxygen ion-conducting solid electrolyte is used, air is supplied to one side of the oxygen ion-conducting solid electrolyte by a blowing fan or the like, and oxygen is converted to oxygen ions.
- An oxygen cylinder is a high-pressure cylinder filled with a gas to be used at a high pressure, and is usually filled at an internal pressure of 15 to 20 MPa.
- a liquefied oxygen-filled container is a container that is in a gaseous state at room temperature, cooled deeply until it becomes a liquid state, and filled in a heat-insulating container. During use, liquefied oxygen evaporates from the gas outlet from the container at ambient temperature, so it can be extracted as a gas.
- a pressure sensor consists of a diaphragm made of conductive film--silicon, etc., and a capacitor formed by electrodes facing the diaphragm.
- the diaphragm is deformed in proportion to the change in pressure, It is detected as a change in the capacitance of the capacitor, and the pressure change near the sensor due to the user's breathing To detect respiration.
- a hot-wire sensor as a flow sensor, which measures the flow rate from the amount of heat that is drawn by the flow of gas, and detects the user's breathing from the change in the flow rate measured by the sensor.
- Some gas sensors use semiconductors whose resistance changes depending on the surrounding gas concentration. The gas concentration around the sensor is measured from the change in resistance. 'Detect breathing from the change in the gas concentration of the user's breathing (the oxygen concentration drops during exhalation).
- the apparatus of the present invention includes a continuous flow supply method for supplying oxygen to the user in a continuous flow, and a supply method setting means for selecting a synchronized supply method for supplying oxygen in synchronization with the user's breathing. Also provided is a flow rate setting means for setting the prescription flow rate, that is, the flow rate of oxygen supplied to the user.
- the setting signals of these two setting means are taken into the control means for controlling the opening / closing of the automatic opening / closing valve, and control the opening degree, opening time and timing of the automatic opening / closing valve.
- the control means is an electronic circuit capable of receiving the setting signal and calculating and controlling the opening degree, opening time, evening time, etc. of the automatic on-off valve by a predetermined circuit in response to the setting signal.
- the opening degree of the automatic on-off valve corresponding to the set value of the flow rate setting means is controlled.
- the automatic opening / closing valve is opened at the start point of inspiration based on the breathing signal from the breathing center, and the opening time of the automatic opening / closing valve corresponding to the flow rate set value is controlled. I do.
- Such an automatic on-off valve includes a spring, an iron core having a valve function, and an electromagnetic coil wound around the iron core.
- This iron core keeps the valve fully open or fully closed by the spring force without applying voltage to the electromagnetic coil.
- the iron core is held at an intermediate position between fully open and fully closed due to the balance between the magnetic field induced by the electromagnetic coil and the force caused by the spring.
- Such an automatic open / close valve supplies oxygen to the patient as soon as possible.
- a fast response speed is required due to the necessity to perform the respiration, and in the case of supply using the respiratory synchronization method, the response speed from the start of the patient's breathing to the start of the supply and the valve from fully closed to fully open may be 0.1 seconds or less. preferable. If the response speed is slower than 0.1 second, the gas supply at the start of intake during synchronization will be significantly delayed. More preferably, it is less than 0.02 seconds.
- the flow rate of the gas required by the user is in the range of 250 cm 3 min to 700 cm 3 / min.
- the diameter of the orifice of the automatic on-off valve having the opening adjustment function is preferably from 0.2 mm to 5 mm. If the diameter is smaller than 0.2 mm, it is difficult to flow up to 700 cm 3 Z due to pressure loss. On the other hand, if it is larger than 5 mm, the small flow rate during continuous flow, that is, the flow control accuracy of 250 cm 3 / min will be reduced.
- the orifice diameter is 1 to 5 mm, more preferably 1 to 3 mm.
- the setting means of the oxygen supply method is not limited to an electric setting or a method provided with a mechanical switching mechanism, and may be any means capable of transmitting a selected electric signal to the control means.
- the fully open state and the fully closed state are repeated according to the set flow rate in synchronization with the user's inhalation by the electric signal.
- the time of the fully open state is the respiratory synchronization method, the set flow rate, It is calculated by the control means from the information on the user's breathing state detected by the sensor.
- the method of the present invention can support any respiratory synchronization method.
- the opening of the automatic on-off valve is continuously adjusted by an electric signal according to the set flow rate.
- a pressure fluctuation adsorption type oxygen concentrating means was used as the oxygen supply means 1.
- Si0 2 / Al 2 0 3 ratio is 2. be 0 to 3.
- X-type Zeorai bets is 0.
- the AI0 4 tetrahedra crystalline least 88% is engaged -system and lithium cation unit Zeorai
- a four-tube VPSA type oxygen concentrator equipped with four adsorption cylinders filled with water and using a rotary valve to sequentially switch between adsorption and desorption to generate oxygen was used. At this time, the pressure of the oxygen generated from the adsorption bed fluctuated within a range from 100 kPa to 100 kPa.
- the pressure fluctuation is reduced by temporarily supplying it to the tank 2 having a capacity of 300 cm 3 , and is supplied to the automatic opening / closing valve 3 having an opening adjustment function.
- the average pressure of the tank 2 is 30 kPa, and the pressure fluctuation range is about 10 to 60 kPa.
- the control unit 7 reads the information set by the oxygen supply method setting means 6 and the oxygen flow rate setting means 5 so that the automatic on-off valve 3 can be controlled.
- a fixed saving ratio method was adopted as the respiratory synchronization method, and the saving ratio was 2/3.
- the supply pattern was measured with a flow meter.
- the flow meter is installed in the airway of the model lung, and the measurement results are shown in Fig. 2. As a result, it was found that oxygen was supplied about 0.08 seconds after the start of inhalation, and that oxygen was instantaneously supplied in response to inspiration.
- a respiratory-tuned gas supply device that can be reduced in size and weight by simplifying the configuration while having a function of setting the flow rate during continuous supply Can be provided.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/524,632 US7954493B2 (en) | 2002-12-17 | 2003-12-16 | Oxygen supplying apparatus |
EP03780801.1A EP1574230B1 (en) | 2002-12-17 | 2003-12-16 | Oxygen supply apparatus |
HK06105878.0A HK1085680A1 (en) | 2002-12-17 | 2006-05-22 | Oxygen supply apparatus |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2002-365195 | 2002-12-17 | ||
JP2002365195A JP4598357B2 (ja) | 2002-12-17 | 2002-12-17 | 酸素供給装置 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2004054648A1 true WO2004054648A1 (ja) | 2004-07-01 |
Family
ID=32588260
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2003/016122 WO2004054648A1 (ja) | 2002-12-17 | 2003-12-16 | 酸素供給装置 |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7954493B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1574230B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4598357B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR101029456B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN100553706C (ja) |
HK (1) | HK1085680A1 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2004054648A1 (ja) |
Cited By (1)
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CN110198752A (zh) * | 2017-01-20 | 2019-09-03 | 大金工业株式会社 | 氧气浓缩装置 |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CN100553706C (zh) | 2009-10-28 |
EP1574230A4 (en) | 2009-12-02 |
EP1574230A1 (en) | 2005-09-14 |
US7954493B2 (en) | 2011-06-07 |
CN1726061A (zh) | 2006-01-25 |
EP1574230B1 (en) | 2017-05-10 |
JP2004194800A (ja) | 2004-07-15 |
US20060048781A1 (en) | 2006-03-09 |
HK1085680A1 (en) | 2006-09-01 |
JP4598357B2 (ja) | 2010-12-15 |
KR101029456B1 (ko) | 2011-04-15 |
KR20050084347A (ko) | 2005-08-26 |
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