WO2004054019A1 - 燃料電池の電解質膜上に反応層を形成する方法及び電解質膜 - Google Patents
燃料電池の電解質膜上に反応層を形成する方法及び電解質膜 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2004054019A1 WO2004054019A1 PCT/JP2003/015864 JP0315864W WO2004054019A1 WO 2004054019 A1 WO2004054019 A1 WO 2004054019A1 JP 0315864 W JP0315864 W JP 0315864W WO 2004054019 A1 WO2004054019 A1 WO 2004054019A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- electrolyte membrane
- reaction layer
- fuel cell
- platinum
- membrane
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/31—Coating with metals
- C23C18/42—Coating with noble metals
- C23C18/44—Coating with noble metals using reducing agents
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/8605—Porous electrodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/88—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/8803—Supports for the deposition of the catalytic active composition
- H01M4/881—Electrolytic membranes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/88—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/8825—Methods for deposition of the catalytic active composition
- H01M4/8842—Coating using a catalyst salt precursor in solution followed by evaporation and reduction of the precursor
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/92—Metals of platinum group
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1004—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by membrane-electrode assemblies [MEA]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for forming a reaction layer of a fuel cell and an electrolyte membrane, and in particular, to easily and inexpensively form a reaction layer having high activity and high catalyst utilization efficiency on the surface of an electrolyte membrane of a fuel cell.
- the present invention relates to a method and an electrolyte membrane having a reaction layer formed by the method.
- a fuel cell is known as a device for directly converting energy held by fuel into electric energy.
- a pair of electrodes are arranged with an electrolyte membrane interposed therebetween, a fuel gas such as hydrogen is brought into contact with the surface of one electrode, and an oxygen-containing gas containing oxygen is brought into contact with the surface of the other electrode.
- Electrochemical energy is extracted from the space between the electrodes by utilizing the electrochemical reaction that occurs at times.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a single cell structure of a general fuel cell, and includes an electrolyte membrane 10, an anode 11 and a force source 12 as gas diffusion electrodes sandwiching the electrolyte membrane 10 from both sides.
- the stacked body is further sandwiched from both sides, and the anodes 11 and the cathodes 12 are arranged outside the separators 13, 14 forming separators 13, 14, which form a flow path for the fuel gas and the oxygen-containing gas.
- current collectors 15 and 16 which serve as collectors for the anode 11 and the power source 12.
- reaction layers 10 A and 1 OB are formed between the anode 11 and the electrolyte membrane 10 and between the cathode 12 and the electrolyte membrane 10.
- reaction layers 10 A and 1 OB (hereinafter simply referred to as “reaction layers”) are formed.
- a plurality of ribs are formed on the separator 13 on the anode 11 side, and the ribs and the surface of the anode 12 form a fuel gas channel groove 13A.
- a plurality of ribs are also formed on the separator 14 on the side of the force sword 12, and the ribs and the surface of the force sword 12 form a flow channel 14 A for the oxygen-containing gas.
- a fuel cell is formed by laminating a separator 13, an anode 12, a reaction layer 10 A, an electrolyte membrane 10, a reaction layer 10 B, a power source 13, and a separator 14 in this order. What A plurality of laminated bodies are arranged between the current collectors 15 and 16 in multiple layers.
- a reaction layer is formed on carbon paper (or carbon cloth) as an electrode. Then, by laminating and integrating the two electrodes on which the reaction layers are formed via an electrolyte membrane, a membrane-electrode assembly is produced, and assembly of a fuel cell is performed using the membrane-electrode assembly. Done. Specifically, a catalyst metal powder, a polyfluoroethylene suspension, and an organic solvent are mixed to form a paste or slurry, which is then screened on carbon paper that has been water-repellent treated with a polyfluoroethylene suspension in advance.
- a reaction layer is formed by attaching it to a thickness of several tens of ⁇ m by a printing method, a deposition method, a spray method, or the like, and heat treatment is performed to produce an electrode with a reaction layer. Then, the electrodes with a reaction layer are laminated via an electrolyte membrane, and integrated by hot pressing or the like to form a membrane Z electrode assembly.
- the method of forming a reaction layer on the electrode side is disadvantageous in cost because the catalyst metal powder is expensive and the number of steps is complicated.
- the present invention solves the above-mentioned conventional problems and provides a method for easily and inexpensively forming a reaction layer having high activity and high catalyst utilization efficiency on the surface of an electrolyte membrane of a fuel cell. It is an object to provide a prepared electrolyte membrane.
- the method for forming a reaction layer of a fuel cell according to the present invention comprises forming a reaction layer on the surface of an electrolyte membrane of a fuel cell.
- the method is characterized in that the reaction layer is formed by electroless plating.
- the electrolyte membrane of the present invention is characterized by having a reaction layer formed on the surface by an electroless plating method.
- the electroless plating method With the electroless plating method, a reaction layer can be easily and inexpensively formed on the surface of the electrolyte membrane. In addition, the electroless plating method enables the formation of the reaction layer as a uniform thin film, so that a large amount of catalytically active surface per amount of catalytic metal in the reaction layer can be ensured. A reaction layer with high utilization efficiency can be formed.
- the electroless plating is usually carried out by immersing the electrolyte membrane in an aqueous solution of a metal complex and then immersing it in an aqueous solution of a reducing agent. Examples of the aqueous metal complex solution include those containing a platinum complex, but are not limited thereto.
- the thickness of the reaction layer formed on the electrolyte membrane is preferably 0.1 to 20 m. Further, as the electrolyte membrane, a cation exchange membrane based on a polytetrafluoroethylene-based resin is preferable.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a single sensor structure of a fuel cell. Preferred embodiments of the invention
- the electrolyte membrane is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a polymer material, for example, an ion exchange membrane formed of a fluorine-based resin, and polytetrafluoroethylene because of its excellent heat resistance and oxidation resistance.
- a polymer material for example, an ion exchange membrane formed of a fluorine-based resin, and polytetrafluoroethylene because of its excellent heat resistance and oxidation resistance.
- the thickness of the electrolyte membrane is appropriately determined depending on the specifications of the fuel cell to be manufactured, and is usually in the range of 1 to 200 m.
- a reaction layer is formed on the surface of such an electrolyte membrane by an electroless plating method. Specifically, after immersing the electrolyte membrane in an aqueous solution containing a catalyst metal complex, the electrolyte membrane is immersed in a reducing agent aqueous solution to deposit and adhere the catalyst metal on the surface of the electrolyte membrane.
- the electrolyte membrane Prior to the formation of the reaction layer by such an electroless plating method, the electrolyte membrane may be subjected to a pretreatment for removing impurities as necessary.
- a method for removing impurities there is a method of immersing the electrolyte membrane in concentrated nitric acid or the like, followed by washing with water and drying.
- a roughening treatment may be performed prior to the formation of the reaction layer to form irregularities on the surface.
- the surface roughening method include a plasma etching process and a sandplast process.
- the catalyst metal examples include platinum, gold, palladium, rubidium, ruthenium, titanium, chromium, cobalt, nickel, rhodium, and alloys thereof, and preferably platinum or an alloy of platinum and another metal. No.
- the aqueous solution of the metal complex used in the electroless plating method may be any one containing a complex of the catalyst metal to be formed.
- a platinum catalyst for forming a platinum catalyst reaction layer dichlorotetraammineplatinum (anhydrous) ([ pt (NH 3) 4] C 1 2), chloroplatinic acid (H 2 P t C 1 2 ⁇ 6H 2 0), cyanide platinum (P t (CN) 2) , sulfate platinic (P t (S0 4) 2 ⁇ 4H 2 0) , and the like.
- the concentration of the metal complex in the aqueous metal complex solution is not particularly limited, but is usually about 0.001 to 0.005M.
- the immersion time of the electrolyte membrane in the aqueous metal complex solution is not particularly limited, but is usually about 10 to 60 minutes.
- the concentration of the aqueous metal complex solution and the immersion time are appropriately determined depending on the thickness of the reaction layer to be formed.
- aqueous metal complex solution After immersing the electrolyte membrane in the aqueous metal complex solution, it is then immersed in an aqueous reducing agent solution.
- sodium borohydride (NaBH 4 ), hydrazine (N 2 H 4 ), formaldehyde (HCHO), ascorbic acid, dextrin, glyoxal, sorbitol, hydroxylamine, brucon Acid salts, glucose, rochelic acid, potassium borohydride (KBH 4 ), etc. can be used, and the concentration is usually about 0.01 to 0.20M, and the immersion time is usually about 90 to 120 minutes.
- the concentration of the reducing agent aqueous solution and the immersion time are also appropriately determined depending on the thickness of the reaction layer to be formed. After immersing the electrolyte membrane in the reducing agent aqueous solution, in order to remove the remaining reducing agent, it is immersed in an oxidizing agent aqueous solution such as sulfuric acid, and then washed with water and dried.
- an oxidizing agent aqueous solution such as sulfuric acid
- the thickness of the reaction layer formed in this way varies depending on the specifications of the fuel cell, etc., but if it is too thin, it is difficult to form a uniform reaction layer.
- the ratio of the catalytically active surface area decreases, and the catalytic activity efficiency is impaired.
- the reaction layer is preferably formed to a thickness of about 0.1 to 20 zm.
- the electrolyte membrane having the reaction layer thus formed is joined and integrated with an electrode to form a membrane Z electrode assembly according to a conventional method, and a fuel cell can be assembled using the membrane Z electrode assembly.
- Nephion 112 registered trademark
- Thickness: 50 m was used as an electrolyte membrane. This electrolyte membrane was cut into 3 cm ⁇ 3 cm with scissors, and then immersed in concentrated nitric acid for 20 minutes to remove impurities. Then, it was immersed in pure water at about 100 ° C with stirring for 6 hours, washed, and dried at 60 ° C for about 24 hours.
- Membrane Z-electrode assembly manufactured by general method, specifically, catalytic metal powder, polyf A paste or slurry made by mixing a fluoroethylene suspension and an organic solvent is applied onto carbon paper that has been water-repellent with a polyfluoroethylene suspension in advance, such as screen printing, sedimentation, or spraying.
- a reaction layer with a thickness of several tens of ⁇ , heat-treated and used as two electrodes with a reaction layer, using an electrolyte membrane, DuPont's Nafion 1 1 2 (registered trademark) ) ”(Thickness: 50 ⁇ ) under pressure from both sides to obtain a membrane-electrode assembly.
- Example 1 Using the membrane / electrode assembly obtained in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1, a fuel cell having the configuration shown in FIG. 1 was assembled, and the current-voltage characteristics of the fuel cell were measured. The obtained electric energy was evaluated relative to the case of Comparative Example 1 as 100.Example 1 was 120.According to the electroless plating method, a higher active reaction than the sputtering method was performed. It was confirmed that the layers could be formed.
- a highly active and highly catalytic reaction efficiency reaction layer can be easily and inexpensively formed on the surface of the electrolyte membrane of the fuel cell, and the power generation efficiency is high.
- a fuel cell can be provided at low cost.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Inert Electrodes (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU2003289029A AU2003289029A1 (en) | 2002-12-12 | 2003-12-11 | Method for forming reaction layer on electrolyte membrane of fuel cell and electrolyte membrane |
JP2004558473A JPWO2004054019A1 (ja) | 2002-12-12 | 2003-12-11 | 燃料電池の電解質膜上に反応層を形成する方法及び電解質膜 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2002360926 | 2002-12-12 | ||
JP2002-360926 | 2002-12-12 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2004054019A1 true WO2004054019A1 (ja) | 2004-06-24 |
Family
ID=32501020
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2003/015864 WO2004054019A1 (ja) | 2002-12-12 | 2003-12-11 | 燃料電池の電解質膜上に反応層を形成する方法及び電解質膜 |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JPWO2004054019A1 (ja) |
AU (1) | AU2003289029A1 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2004054019A1 (ja) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2007107021A (ja) * | 2005-10-11 | 2007-04-26 | Tanaka Kikinzoku Kogyo Kk | 無電解めっき方法及び白金めっき品並びに還元剤 |
CN100364156C (zh) * | 2005-11-04 | 2008-01-23 | 北京工业大学 | 以SnO2为偶联层的铂和铂金双金属催化剂的制备方法 |
JP2008293737A (ja) * | 2007-05-23 | 2008-12-04 | Toyota Central R&D Labs Inc | 固体高分子型燃料電池 |
JP2010102953A (ja) * | 2008-10-23 | 2010-05-06 | Kurita Water Ind Ltd | 微生物発電装置及び微生物発電装置用正極 |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS425014B1 (ja) * | 1962-09-20 | 1967-03-01 | ||
US4328086A (en) * | 1979-10-30 | 1982-05-04 | Agency Of Industrial Science & Technology | Method for the manufacture of ion-exchange membrane-catalytic metal composite |
JPS5847471B2 (ja) * | 1981-02-13 | 1983-10-22 | 工業技術院長 | 電解用接合体の製造法 |
JPS6092494A (ja) * | 1983-10-24 | 1985-05-24 | Japan Storage Battery Co Ltd | イオン交換膜に白金もしくは白金合金電極を接合する方法 |
JPH0987882A (ja) * | 1995-09-26 | 1997-03-31 | Agency Of Ind Science & Technol | 金−イオン交換膜接合体の製造方法 |
-
2003
- 2003-12-11 AU AU2003289029A patent/AU2003289029A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-12-11 JP JP2004558473A patent/JPWO2004054019A1/ja active Pending
- 2003-12-11 WO PCT/JP2003/015864 patent/WO2004054019A1/ja active Application Filing
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS425014B1 (ja) * | 1962-09-20 | 1967-03-01 | ||
US4328086A (en) * | 1979-10-30 | 1982-05-04 | Agency Of Industrial Science & Technology | Method for the manufacture of ion-exchange membrane-catalytic metal composite |
JPS5847471B2 (ja) * | 1981-02-13 | 1983-10-22 | 工業技術院長 | 電解用接合体の製造法 |
JPS6092494A (ja) * | 1983-10-24 | 1985-05-24 | Japan Storage Battery Co Ltd | イオン交換膜に白金もしくは白金合金電極を接合する方法 |
JPH0987882A (ja) * | 1995-09-26 | 1997-03-31 | Agency Of Ind Science & Technol | 金−イオン交換膜接合体の製造方法 |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
TAKENAKA HIROYASU: "Kotai kobunshi denkaishitsu eno denkyoku shokubai no setsugo", THE JOURNAL OF THE SURFACE FINISHING SOCIETY OF JAPAN, vol. 46, no. 8, 1995, pages 702 - 706, XP002903738 * |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2007107021A (ja) * | 2005-10-11 | 2007-04-26 | Tanaka Kikinzoku Kogyo Kk | 無電解めっき方法及び白金めっき品並びに還元剤 |
JP4532385B2 (ja) * | 2005-10-11 | 2010-08-25 | 田中貴金属工業株式会社 | 無電解めっき方法 |
CN100364156C (zh) * | 2005-11-04 | 2008-01-23 | 北京工业大学 | 以SnO2为偶联层的铂和铂金双金属催化剂的制备方法 |
JP2008293737A (ja) * | 2007-05-23 | 2008-12-04 | Toyota Central R&D Labs Inc | 固体高分子型燃料電池 |
JP2010102953A (ja) * | 2008-10-23 | 2010-05-06 | Kurita Water Ind Ltd | 微生物発電装置及び微生物発電装置用正極 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPWO2004054019A1 (ja) | 2006-04-13 |
AU2003289029A1 (en) | 2004-06-30 |
AU2003289029A8 (en) | 2004-06-30 |
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