WO2004038493A1 - ダイナミックゲインイコライザー - Google Patents
ダイナミックゲインイコライザー Download PDFInfo
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- WO2004038493A1 WO2004038493A1 PCT/JP2003/013616 JP0313616W WO2004038493A1 WO 2004038493 A1 WO2004038493 A1 WO 2004038493A1 JP 0313616 W JP0313616 W JP 0313616W WO 2004038493 A1 WO2004038493 A1 WO 2004038493A1
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- delay line
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- multiplexing
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/10—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
- H01S3/10007—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating in optical amplifiers
- H01S3/10023—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating in optical amplifiers by functional association of additional optical elements, e.g. filters, gratings, reflectors
- H01S3/1003—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating in optical amplifiers by functional association of additional optical elements, e.g. filters, gratings, reflectors tunable optical elements, e.g. acousto-optic filters, tunable gratings
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S2301/00—Functional characteristics
- H01S2301/04—Gain spectral shaping, flattening
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
- H01S3/06—Construction or shape of active medium
- H01S3/063—Waveguide lasers, i.e. whereby the dimensions of the waveguide are of the order of the light wavelength
- H01S3/067—Fibre lasers
- H01S3/06754—Fibre amplifiers
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a dynamic gay device used in the field of optical communication such as wavelength division multiplex transmission.
- the EDFA has a gain wavelength characteristic as shown in FIG. 5, for example. In other words, the EDFA has a high gain at a wavelength of 1530 nm or more: L 560 nm, and the gain wavelength characteristics are not flat.
- characteristic lines a to e in FIG. 5 show the characteristics in ascending order of the pump light level input to the EDFA. That is, of these characteristic lines a to e, characteristic line a shows the gain wavelength characteristic when the pump light level is the smallest, and characteristic line e shows the gain wavelength characteristic when the pump light level is the largest.
- an optical transpersal filter type has been proposed (for example, A. Ranalli and B. Fondeur, "PLA AR TAPPED DELAY LINE BASED, ACTIVELY CONFIGURABLE GAIN -FLATTENING FILTERJ Proc. ECOC, Paper 7-1-2, 2000.).
- the first embodiment of the dynamic gain equalizer of the present invention includes the following. Multistage optical branching power bra formed by connecting multiple stages of optical branching power brass, Multistage optical branching power bra formed by connecting multiple stages of optical combining power bras, variable phase of propagating light An optical connection circuit having an optical phase adjuster and an optical delay line for imparting a set time delay to propagating light,
- At least one of the multi-stage optical branching power bras and at least one of the multi-stage optical multiplexing power bras are provided with light amplitude varying means, respectively.
- the multi-stage optical branching power bra and the multi-stage optical multiplexing power bra are respectively extensions of lines connecting the central arrangement position of the optical output end of the multi-stage optical branching power bra and the central arrangement position of the optical input end of the multi-stage optical multiplexing power bra.
- FIG. 1 is a main part configuration diagram showing one embodiment of a dynamic gain equalizer of the present invention.
- FIG. 2A is an explanatory diagram showing the configuration of the optical delay line of the dynamic gain equalizer of the embodiment and the vicinity thereof.
- FIG. 2B is an explanatory diagram showing another configuration example of the optical connection circuit of FIG. 2A.
- FIG. 3 is a graph showing the loss wavelength characteristics of the above embodiment and the gain wavelength characteristics of the EDFA that performs gain flattening according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing a gain wavelength characteristic after the EDFA gain is flattened according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 5 is a graph showing an example of the gain wavelength characteristic of the EDFA.
- FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram showing a configuration example of the optical transversal filter.
- FIG. 7 is a main part configuration diagram showing another embodiment of the dynamic gain equalizer of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a graph showing gain wavelength characteristics after gain flattening of the EDFA according to the embodiment of FIG.
- 9A, 9B, and 9C are main part configuration diagrams showing still another embodiment of the dynamic gain equalizer of the present invention.
- FIG. 10 is a graph showing both an example of the loss wavelength characteristic of the embodiment of FIG. 1 and an example of the gain wavelength characteristic of the EDFA that performs gain flattening according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 11 is a graph showing gain wavelength characteristics after gain flattening of EDFA is performed according to the embodiment of FIG. BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
- gain equalizers There are various types of gain equalizers. For example, those using an optical gain equalizing filter, those using an acousto-optic filter, those using a MEMS (micro-elect port, mechanical system), those using a PLC (planar optical waveguide circuit), etc. . First, we examine these dynamic gain equalizers.
- the optical gain equalizing filter realizes a loss wavelength characteristic opposite to the gain wavelength characteristic of the EDFA by the following method.
- the optical gain equalizing filter One of the proposals of the realization method is, for example, a method of realizing a desired spectrum by combining a plurality of etalon filters having different reflectances and periods (FSR).
- a method of realizing an optical gain equalizing filter a method of realizing a desired spectrum using a dielectric multilayer filter and a method using a long-period fiber grating (FBG) are available. Proposed.
- the optical gain equalizing filter as described above is generally customized and designed to flatten the gain of one gain wavelength characteristic of EDF A.
- FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of a dynamic gain equalizer of the present invention capable of suppressing an insertion loss and obtaining and equalizing the gain of an optical amplifier regardless of the pump light level.
- the dynamic gain equalizer 1 of the present embodiment is formed by a planar optical waveguide circuit in which an optical waveguide circuit 2 having the circuit configuration shown in FIG. 1 is formed on a substrate 15.
- the optical waveguide circuit 2 has a multi-stage optical branching coupler 7 and a multi-stage optical multiplexing power bracket 11.
- the multi-stage optical branching power bracket 7 is formed by connecting a plurality of stages of optical branching couplers 1 and has a plurality of optical output terminals 17.
- the multi-stage optical multiplexing power blur 11 is formed by connecting a plurality of stages of optical multiplexing couplers 3 and has a plurality of optical input terminals 18.
- At least L among the plurality of optical branching power couplers 1 and the plurality of optical multiplexing couplers 3 has a Y-branching circuit. At least one of the plurality of optical multiplexing couplers 3 has a Matsuhatsu Panda optical interferometer circuit.
- the first-stage optical branching power bra 1 (1a), the third-stage and fourth-stage optical branching power bra 1 (1c, 1d) have a Mach-Zehnder optical interferometer circuit, and
- the optical branching power blur 1 (1b) has a Y-branching circuit.
- the last stage's optical multiplexing coupler 3 (3a), the third and fourth stages of optical multiplexing couplers 3 (3c, 3d) counted from the last stage have Mach-Zehnder optical interferometer circuits.
- the optical multiplexing power blur 3 (3b) at the preceding stage of the final stage has a Y branch circuit.
- An optical connection circuit 12 is interposed between each of the optical output terminals 17 of the multi-stage optical branching power bra 7 and the corresponding optical input terminals 18 of the multi-stage optical multiplexing power bra 11.
- the optical connection circuit 12 includes an optical phase adjuster 9 that can change the phase of the propagation light and an optical delay line 10 that imparts a set time delay to the propagation light.
- Each optical phase adjuster 9 has one optical waveguide
- the optical waveguide is provided with a phase adjusting means 6 for a TiNi heater.
- the optical connection circuit 12 is formed by connecting an optical phase adjuster 9 and an optical delay line 10 in series as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2A.
- an optical connection circuit 12 may be formed by providing a phase adjusting means 6 in the optical delay line 10 and having the function of an optical phase adjuster 9.
- At least one optical branching power bra 1 of the multi-stage optical branching power bra 7 is provided with an optical amplitude variable means 21, and at least one optical multiplexing power bra 3 of the multi-stage optical multiplexing coupler 11 Light amplitude varying means 22 is provided.
- the optical branching power plug 1 (la, 1c, Id) formed by the Mach-Zehnder optical interferometer circuit and the optical multiplexing coupler 3 (3a, 3c, 3d) are provided with an optical amplitude varying means 2 1, 2 and 2 are provided.
- These light amplitude varying means 21 and 22 are formed by TiNi heaters.
- the multi-stage optical splitting power bra 7 and the multi-stage optical multiplexing power bra 11 are respectively the center arrangement position of the optical output end 17 of the multi-stage optical splitting power bra 7 and the optical input end 18 of the multi-stage optical multiplexing power bra 11 It is formed asymmetrically with respect to the extension of the line connecting the row positions.
- the same number of optical output terminals 17 of the multi-stage optical branching power bracket 7 and the same number of optical input terminals 18 of the multi-stage optical multiplexing power bracket 11 are provided.
- the optical delay lines 10 provided between the corresponding optical input terminals 18 have different lengths from each other.
- the optical delay line 10b provided second from the bottom is d L longer than the optical delay line 10a and 3 from the bottom.
- the first optical delay line 10 c is formed 2 dL longer than the optical delay line 10 a
- the fourth optical delay line 10 d from the bottom is formed 3 dL longer than the optical delay line 10 a .
- the substantially central optical delay line 10 e having the middle length among the optical delay lines 10 having different lengths is provided at the top, and is longer by 4 dL than the optical delay line 10 a.
- the optical delay lines 10 f to 10 i provided from the bottom to the fifth from the bottom are each formed to be longer by d L in order, and the optical delay line 10 i is 8 dL longer than the optical delay line 10 a. It is formed long.
- dL 39.9 m.
- one of the optical output portions (that is, the optical output terminals 1) of the first-stage optical branching power bra 1 (la) forming the multi-stage optical branching power bra 7 is provided on the input side of the substantially central optical delay line 10e. 7e) is connected, and the other optical output section of the first-stage optical branching power bra 1a is connected to the optical input section of the second-stage optical branching power bra 1 (lb).
- the optical branching section 13 is formed by the optical branching power blur 1 thereafter.
- the optical output end of the optical branching unit 13 forms the optical output end 17 (17a to 17d, 17f to 17i) of the multi-stage optical branching power bra 7,
- the optical delay lines 10 (10a to 10d, 10f to 10i) other than the substantially central optical delay line 10e are connected to the optical input side.
- the output side of the substantially central optical delay line 10e has one optical input section (3a) of the last stage optical multiplexing power bra 3 (3a) of the multi-stage optical multiplexing power bra. That is, the optical input end 18e) is connected, and the other optical input section of the final-stage optical branching power bra 3a is connected to the optical multiplexing power bra 3 (3b) of the preceding stage of the final stage.
- the optical multiplexing unit 14 is formed by the optical multiplexing power blur 3 before the last stage and before the last stage.
- the optical input end of the optical multiplexing unit 14 forms the optical input end 18 (18a to 18d, 18f to 18i) of the multi-stage optical multiplexing power bracket 11, and
- the optical delay lines 10 (10a to 10d, 10f to 10i) except for the central optical delay line 10e are connected to the optical output side.
- Each of the optical branching unit 13 and the optical multiplexing unit 14 is an extension of a line connecting the center arrangement position of the light output end of the optical branching unit 13 and the center arrangement position of the optical input end of the optical multiplexing unit 14. It is formed symmetrically with respect to the line.
- the present embodiment is configured as described above, and determines the configuration of the present embodiment.
- the present inventor studied formulating arbitrary waveform filters using a conventional optical transversal filter configuration as shown in FIG.
- FIG. 6 the same reference numerals are given to the same components as those of the optical waveguide circuit 2 forming the dynamic gain equalizer of the present embodiment.
- a conventional optical transversal filter is composed of a multi-stage optical splitter (splitter) 7 having a plurality of optical output terminals 17 and a multi-stage optical multiplexing coupler (a plurality of optical input terminals 18). Combiner).
- variable optical attenuator (V0A; Variable Optical Attenuation) is provided between each optical output end 17 of the multi-stage optical splitter 7 and the corresponding optical input end 18 of the optical multiplexing coupler 11.
- An optical connection circuit 12 including an optical phase shifter 8, a phase adjuster 9, and an optical delay line 10 is provided.
- This optical transversal filter can arbitrarily set the optical frequency characteristics of the optical digital filter 1 by variably setting the optical amplitude of the variable optical attenuator 8 and the phase change amount of the optical phase adjuster 9. .
- Each of the variable optical attenuators 8 has a Matsuhazender optical interferometer circuit in which two optical waveguides (cores) are juxtaposed, and a heater is provided on the optical waveguide sandwiched between the two directional coupling sections 4. 5 is formed.
- the optical phase adjusters 9 are formed in the same manner as in the present embodiment, and the optical delay lines # 0 are formed by forming optical waveguides with different lengths.
- the transfer function from the multi-stage optical splitter 7 to the optical phase adjuster 9 is ( It is represented by Equation 1).
- n is a tap number.
- a ⁇ is the optical amplitude of the variable optical attenuator 8
- ⁇ ⁇ is the phase change of the phase adjuster (phase shifter), and these are the tap coefficients of the optical transversal filter.
- j is ⁇ (-1).
- ⁇ is the propagation constant of the waveguide
- ⁇ L is the optical path length difference of the optical delay line
- neii is the equivalent refractive index of the waveguide
- c is the speed of light
- f is the optical frequency
- 1 is an integer.
- the tap number ⁇ in this case is 1 ( ⁇ —1) / 2 ⁇ n ⁇ (Nl) / 2 (N is an odd number) and -N / 2 ⁇ n ⁇ N / 2-l (N is an even number). I do. Therefore, the tap coefficient (phase change amount of light amplitude a n and the optical phase adjuster 9 of the variable optical attenuator 8 theta eta) are their respective, (8), and (9). [Equation 8]
- Equalizer to 5 are arranged in ascending order of the pump light level of the EDFA.
- the light amplitude is standardized at the maximum.
- the conventional optical transversal filter As is evident from Table 1, the conventional optical transversal filter, it can be seen the percentage of light amplitude a n to each tap is not uniform. And, in the conventional optical transversal filter, the non-uniformity of the optical amplitude directly affects the insertion loss, so that a large loss occurs.
- the input loss is a value represented by the following equation (Equation 10) from (Equation 2).
- the optical transversal filter shown in FIG. 6 has a substantially central optical delay line 10 (in FIG. 6, an optical delay line 10 d having a tap number of 4) and an optical connection circuit 12 having optical power. About 94% is input, and the remaining about 6% of the optical power is input to the optical connection circuit 12 having the other optical delay line 10.
- variable optical attenuator 8 is connected to each optical delay line 10, the optical amplitude is changed by the variable optical attenuator 8 to attenuate the optical power.
- Light passing through 2 has an insertion loss.
- the tap coefficients a n optical transformer per transversal filter has focused on the child is determined to be line-symmetrically with respect to substantially the center of the optical delay line 1 0.
- the optical connection circuit 12 having the optical delay line 10 here, 10 d
- a dynamic gain equalizer of the present embodiment having the above configuration is proposed. That is, the present inventor first sets the optical output end 17 of the multi-stage optical branching power bra 7 and the optical input end 18 of the multi-stage optical multiplexing power bra 11 to the same odd number to each other.
- one of the light output portions (that is, the light output terminals 17 e) of the first-stage light branching power blur 1 (la) forming the multi-stage light branching power blur 7 is connected to the substantially central optical delay line 10 e.
- the optical input side is connected to the optical output side of the substantially central optical delay line 10e, and one of the optical input sections of the final stage optical multiplexing power bra 3 (3a) of the multi-stage optical multiplexing power blur 11 (That is, the optical input terminal 18 e) was connected.
- the light passing through the substantially central optical delay line 10 e is converted into the substantially central optical delay line 10 e, the first stage optical branching power blur 1, the optical phase adjuster 9, and the last stage light.
- the insertion loss is small, and the arbitrary waveform filter synthesis is the same as the conventional optical transversal filter, even if the pump light level input to the EDFA changes,
- the gain wavelength characteristic of the EDFA can be flattened in accordance with the change, and a dynamic gain equalizer with a small insertion loss can be realized.
- the dynamic gain equalizer of this embodiment is manufactured as follows. First, a quartz glass T-under clad film and core film are formed on a silicon substrate using flame hydrolysis deposition.
- the optical transversal filter pattern is transferred to the core film by photolithography and reactive ion etching through a photomask on which the circuit shown in Fig. 1 is drawn, forming a core (optical waveguide) circuit. I do. Thereafter, a quartz-based glass upper clad film is formed again using the flame hydrolysis deposition method, and a dynamic gain equalizer 2 is formed.
- Light amplitude varying means 21 and 22 are formed in the waveguide.
- Each of these light amplitude varying means 21 and 22 is formed by forming a Ta heater by sputtering and providing a TiNi heater by sputtering on the over clad film.
- the phase adjusting means 6 is formed by a TiNi heater. Further, TiNi / Au electrodes are formed for supplying power to these heaters.
- the heater is heated by supplying power to the heater from the TiNi / Au electrode and energizing the heater, and the heat causes the light branching power bra 1 and the optical multiplexing power bra 3 formed by the core of the silica-based optical waveguide. And a thermo-optic effect is generated in the phase adjuster 9. By this thermo-optic effect, the optical amplitude of the optical branching power bra 1 and the optical multiplexing power bra 3 and the phase adjustment amount of the optical phase adjuster 9 are varied.
- the dynamic gain equalizer applied to the present embodiment has the number of taps formed in nine taps.
- the tap coefficients of the dynamic gain equalizer of the present embodiment are shown in Table 3. Become like
- the Equalizers 1 to 5 are arranged in ascending order of the pump light level of the EDFA.
- the light amplitude is standardized at the maximum.
- the characteristic lines a to e in FIG. 3 show the gain wavelength characteristics according to the pump level of the EDFA in ascending order of the pump light level.
- the characteristic lines a, b, c, d, and e 3 shows the loss wavelength characteristics of the prototype Equalizers 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 of the dynamic gain equalizer of this embodiment.
- Prototype Examples Equalizers 1 to 5 each have the tap coefficients shown in Table 3.
- FIG. 4 shows the results of flattening the gain of the EDFA having the gain wavelength characteristics shown by the characteristic lines a to e in FIG. 3 using the dynamic gain equalizer of the present embodiment.
- the gain in the wavelength of 1.58 ⁇ band (wavelength 1530 nm to 1560 nm) at a wavelength of £ 0.8 can be flattened using the dynamic gain equalizer of the present embodiment.
- the level of flattening (the value obtained by subtracting the minimum value from the maximum value of Gain) is 0.8 dB for the characteristic line e, which is the strictest condition for gain flattening, and all the characteristic lines a, b, c, d and e were less than 1 dB.
- the input loss of the manufactured dynamic gain equalizers was about 3 dB for any pump level. This loss includes the propagation loss of the actual circuit, the excess loss of the circuit, and the connection loss with the optical fiber.
- the gain of the EDFA can be flattened in accordance with the fluctuation of the pump light level, and the dynamic loss with a small insertion loss can be achieved.
- the gain equalizer was realized.
- the length (d L) of the optical delay line was set to 41.1. ⁇ m, and the gain flatness of the gain wavelength characteristic of the EDFA shown in FIG. 10 was performed.
- Table 4 shows the design values for the dynamic gain equalizer. Equalizers:! To 3 shown in Table 4 are arranged in ascending order of pump light level of EDFA. Also, the light amplitude is standardized at maximum.
- the injection loss of the produced Equalizers 1-3 was about 3 dB for all pump levels. This insertion loss includes the propagation loss of the actual circuit, the excess loss of the circuit, and the connection loss with the optical fiber.
- Figure 11 shows the filter characteristics of Equalizers 1 to 3 and the results of gain flattening. The gain deviation due to each of Equalizers 1-3 was flat to 0-3 dB or less.
- the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, but can adopt various embodiments.
- the number of taps of the dynamic gain equalizer is not particularly limited, and is appropriately set.
- the number of taps is five.
- the tap coefficients in this case are as shown in Table 5 below.
- FIG. 8 shows the result of performing gain flattening of the gain wavelength characteristic of the EDFA shown in FIG. 4 using a dynamic gain equalizer having the configuration shown in FIG. 7 and having the characteristics shown in Table 6 below. It is.
- the level of flattening (the value obtained by subtracting the minimum value from the maximum value of Gain) is 1.3 dB for the characteristic line e, which is the most severe condition for gain flattening, and all the characteristic lines a, b, and It was less than 1.5 dB for c, d, and e.
- FIG. 9A, 9B, and 9C show modifications of FIG. 9A, 9B, and 9C is different from FIG. 7 in that the optical branching power bra 1 and the optical multiplexing coupler 3 are bent around the optical delay line 10.
- the optical transpersal filter circuit shown in FIG. 9A has a configuration in which the R section 50 of each optical delay line 10 is designed to be constant and the lengths of the linear sections 52 are different.
- Each optical delay line 10 has a structure in which a delay difference is given by the length of the linear portion.
- the linear section 52 is provided with the phase adjusting means 6.
- FIG. 9B is a modification of FIG. 9A, in which the straight portion 52 (see FIG. 8—A) is not formed and only the R portion 50 is formed.
- FIG. 9C is a combination of the configuration of FIG. 9A and the configuration of FIG. 9B. That is, the optical delay line 10 may be composed of the R section 50 and the linear section 52, or only the R section. This is appropriately selected depending on the delay amount to be provided.
- 9A, 9B, and 9C show a configuration example in which the number of taps is five, but the optical waveguide circuit 2 in which the number of taps is nine in FIG. 1 is replaced with the optical waveguide circuit 2 shown in FIG. 9A, FIG. 9B, and FIG.
- the configuration of the optical delay line 10 may be applied. Figures 9A, 9B, By applying the configuration of FIG. 9C, the circuit size in the longitudinal direction can be reduced.
- connection order of the optical phase adjuster 9 and the optical delay line 10 is not particularly limited, and may be appropriately set. Further, another circuit may be interposed between the optical phase adjuster 9 and the optical delay line 10 if necessary.
- the dynamic gain equalizer for flattening the gain of the wavelength of 1.55 ⁇ m which is a wavelength at which the gain of the EDFA is relatively large, is a dynamic gain equalizer of the present invention. Since it can be formed with wavelength characteristics, it is possible to flatten the gain wavelength characteristics of the EDFA even at wavelengths other than the wavelength of 1.55 ⁇ band, and to improve the gain wavelength characteristics of optical amplifiers other than EDF II. You can also make flat.
- the optical branching power blur 1 (la, lc, Id) and the optical multiplexing coupler 3 (3a, 3c, 3d) may be the same special 1 "generator. Since the optical branching power blur 1 and the optical multiplexing coupler 3 can be formed so as to have arbitrary branching and coupling characteristics, respectively, the initial characteristics I ”(variable operation in this case) that can obtain a desired tap coefficient can be obtained.
- the characteristic of “do not perform” is called “initial characteristic” in advance, and it is possible to obtain the desired tap coefficient with small power consumption only by fine adjustment of the variable operation.
- the initial characteristics of the optical branching power bra 1 and the optical multiplexing power bra 3 deviate from the design values.
- 3 for each of the optional branches, was designed to have: ⁇ is different for each even force bra size of the misalignment, to obtain the desired branching and coupling characteristic in the tap, it is necessary to measure the displacement of all forces bra.
- the configuration of the multi-stage optical branching power bra and the multi-stage optical multiplexing power bra is determined by changing the center array position of the optical output end of the multi-stage optical branching power bra and the central array of the optical input end of the multi-stage optical multiplexing power bra.
- the same odd number of optical output terminals of the multi-stage optical branching power bra and the same number of optical input terminals of the multi-stage optical multiplexing power bra are provided, and the optical delay lines having different lengths have substantially the middle length.
- the optical branching section and the optical multiplexing section are provided in the optical delay line other than the substantially central optical delay line, it is possible to easily form a dynamic gain equalizer capable of reliably exhibiting the above effects.
- At least one of the plurality of optical branching power brass and the plurality of optical multiplexing power brass has a Y-branching circuit. According to the configuration in which at least one of them has a Mach-Zehnder optical interferometer circuit, a multistage optical branching power blur and a multistage optical multiplexing power blur can be easily formed by these circuits.
- the gain-wavelength characteristic of the EDFA can be flattened in accordance with the change, and the dynamic gain equalizer having a small input loss can be realized. Can be realized.
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AU2003275648A AU2003275648A1 (en) | 2002-10-25 | 2003-10-24 | Dynamic gain equalizer |
JP2004546473A JPWO2004038493A1 (ja) | 2002-10-25 | 2003-10-24 | ダイナミックゲインイコライザー |
US11/113,223 US7146079B2 (en) | 2002-10-25 | 2005-04-25 | Dynamic gain equalizer |
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JP2007065562A (ja) | 2005-09-02 | 2007-03-15 | Furukawa Electric Co Ltd:The | アレイ導波路回折格子 |
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US20110085761A1 (en) * | 2009-05-26 | 2011-04-14 | Furukawa Electric Co., Ltd. | Arrayed waveguide grating and method of manufacturing arrayed waveguide grating |
WO2012015995A2 (en) | 2010-07-28 | 2012-02-02 | Aidi Corporation | Planar lightwave fourier-transform spectrometer measurement including phase shifting for error correction |
CN107250857B (zh) * | 2015-02-19 | 2020-03-17 | 日本电信电话株式会社 | 带波形整形功能的多级干涉仪电路、多载波光发送机以及多载波光接收机 |
EP3749991A4 (en) * | 2018-02-05 | 2021-10-20 | GC Photonics Inc. | VARIABLE OPTICAL FILTER |
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JP2011197700A (ja) * | 2004-08-04 | 2011-10-06 | Furukawa Electric Co Ltd:The | 光回路装置 |
JP2006251429A (ja) * | 2005-03-11 | 2006-09-21 | Furukawa Electric Co Ltd:The | 可変分散補償器 |
JP4550630B2 (ja) * | 2005-03-11 | 2010-09-22 | 古河電気工業株式会社 | 可変分散補償器 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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AU2003275648A1 (en) | 2004-05-13 |
JPWO2004038493A1 (ja) | 2006-02-23 |
US7146079B2 (en) | 2006-12-05 |
US20060039704A1 (en) | 2006-02-23 |
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