WO2004037560A2 - Element de securite pour documents d'identite et papiers-valeurs - Google Patents

Element de securite pour documents d'identite et papiers-valeurs Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2004037560A2
WO2004037560A2 PCT/EP2003/011548 EP0311548W WO2004037560A2 WO 2004037560 A2 WO2004037560 A2 WO 2004037560A2 EP 0311548 W EP0311548 W EP 0311548W WO 2004037560 A2 WO2004037560 A2 WO 2004037560A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
security element
layer
element according
sections
electrically conductive
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2003/011548
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
WO2004037560A3 (fr
Inventor
Lars Hoffmann
Norbert Holl
Jürgen Schützmann
Bernd Wunderer
Manfred Heim
Marius Dichtl
Original Assignee
Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh filed Critical Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh
Priority to AU2003298090A priority Critical patent/AU2003298090A1/en
Publication of WO2004037560A2 publication Critical patent/WO2004037560A2/fr
Publication of WO2004037560A3 publication Critical patent/WO2004037560A3/fr

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
    • B42D25/36—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery comprising special materials
    • B42D25/373—Metallic materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/20—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof characterised by a particular use or purpose
    • B42D25/29—Securities; Bank notes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
    • B42D25/324—Reliefs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
    • B42D25/36—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery comprising special materials
    • B42D25/378—Special inks
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
    • G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
    • G06K19/067—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
    • G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
    • G06K19/067—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
    • G06K19/07—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
    • G06K19/077—Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier
    • G06K19/07749—Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier the record carrier being capable of non-contact communication, e.g. constructional details of the antenna of a non-contact smart card
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07D—HANDLING OF COINS OR VALUABLE PAPERS, e.g. TESTING, SORTING BY DENOMINATIONS, COUNTING, DISPENSING, CHANGING OR DEPOSITING
    • G07D7/00—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency
    • G07D7/01—Testing electronic circuits therein

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a security element, in particular for identification and value documents, and a device for testing such a security element according to the preamble of claims 1 and 24, respectively.
  • a security paper with a multilayer security element is known from WO 02/02350 AI, which has a visually testable effect and is provided with an integrated circuit. Depending on the use of the security element, various information can be stored in the integrated circuit, which can be read out again if necessary.
  • Such security elements allow documents to be reliably secured against unauthorized copying, duplication or manipulation and can be checked both visually and by machine.
  • the use of integrated circuits involves additional costs, which can be too high for certain applications.
  • Corresponding devices for mechanically checking such security elements, in particular for reading out the information stored in the integrated circuits, are also relatively expensive.
  • the security element according to the invention is characterized in that the spatial structure, in particular the spatial extent and / or position and / or shape, of one or more of the electrically conductive components of the security element provides a coding.
  • the device according to the invention is characterized in that an induction current is induced by a first magnetic field generated by first means in the electrically conductive components of the security element, the spatial structure of which is coded.
  • the induction current causes a second magnetic field, which is detected by second means.
  • the coding is determined in a value device on the basis of the detected second magnetic field.
  • the device according to the invention is characterized in that means for generating an electric field for testing the security element are present, the electric field being changed by the electrically conductive components, the spatial structure of which provides a coding, and a Evaluation device determines the coding on the basis of the changed electrical field.
  • the invention is based on the idea of providing a closed electrical circuit as a security element, the electrically conductive components of which are designed and / or coupled to one another such that an electrical circuit current can flow through the components.
  • a closed electrical circuit as a security element
  • the electrically conductive components of which are designed and / or coupled to one another such that an electrical circuit current can flow through the components.
  • their electrical and / or magnetic properties vary, so that the security element due to the respective spatial structure of the Components an electrically and / or magnetically coded information can be impressed.
  • This coding is detected in the device according to the invention in that one or more induction currents are induced in the closed circuit by means of a magnetic field which varies in time and / or in space.
  • the induced circulating currents flow through the individual, generally components with different spatial structures and accordingly cause different second magnetic fields. These are recorded using suitable sensory means and evaluated to determine the coded information impressed on the circuit.
  • the security elements according to the invention can be produced simply and inexpensively, in particular in comparison to integrated circuits, and ensure a high level of security against attempts at counterfeiting and manipulation.
  • the device according to the invention and the corresponding method allow reliable testing of such security elements with a simple construction or simple implementation.
  • the components are designed as electrically conductive layers.
  • the coded information is given here by the thickness and / or size and / or shape and / or the type of material of the flat conductive layers.
  • the layers are produced, for example, by means of printing processes or other techniques for applying thin layers.
  • the layers are either created directly on the object to be provided with the security element, for example a security paper or a document, or on a carrier layer. testifies which, together with the security element, is applied, for example glued, to the object.
  • At least some of the components of the electrical circuit can be obtained by a method in which first a negative representation of a positive representation to be generated, i.e. of the electrical circuit or at least one component thereof, is printed on a base, for example a plastic film as a carrier layer. Rotogravure processes, such as Intaglio or web intaglio printing. A thin cover layer of electrically conductive or semiconductive material is then applied to the printed negative representation, for example by vapor deposition, printing or other coating techniques.
  • components of the electrical circuit can also be produced by other methods.
  • etching processes are particularly suitable, in which the desired recesses are produced from a thin, electrically conductive layer applied to a base by etching away the layer material at the appropriate locations.
  • individual sections of the electrically conductive layer have different conductivities by which the coding is given.
  • the differently high electrical conductivities are preferably realized by different layer thicknesses and / or rasterization and / or different materials in the individual sections of the layer.
  • one or more of the components form a closed conductor loop, due to their spatial structure, in particular layer thickness and / or width of individual conductor tracks and / or their distance from one another and / or their material, the coding is given.
  • the coding is given in order to increase the information density impressed into the conductor loop.
  • individual sections of the conductor loop components have different spatial structures by which the coding is given.
  • a further embodiment of the invention provides that the electrical circuit is designed as a transformer circuit, which is composed of at least two interconnected electrical coils, the transformation behavior of which represents the coding.
  • the electrical circuit is designed as an oscillating circuit, which is composed of at least one electrical coil and at least one capacitor.
  • the coding is given by the resonance behavior, in particular the resonance frequency, of the resonant circuit.
  • FIG. 3 shows a banknote with a security element according to the invention
  • FIG. 4 shows a cross section through the banknote shown in FIG. 3;
  • Fig. 5b the coil shown in Fig. 5a in a positive representation
  • Fig. 6 shows a cross section through an oscillating circuit
  • FIG. 7 shows a safety element designed as a transformer circuit with a device for testing it
  • FIG. 8 shows an embodiment of the device according to the invention for testing a coded security element
  • 9 shows a further embodiment of the device according to the invention for testing a coded security element
  • 10a-b show a perspective illustration of the principle of testing a security element with the associated signal curve
  • 11a-b show a perspective illustration of the principle of the detection of periodically arranged security elements with an associated signal curve
  • Figures la to le show examples of security elements with different coding structures.
  • the security element 2 shown in Figure la is formed by a thin, electrically conductive layer in the form of an elongated rectangle.
  • the typical thickness of the layer is in the range between approximately 25 and 500 nm, preferably above 250 nm, in order to ensure a sufficiently high electrical conductivity for the detection of electrical induction currents.
  • Typical widths of the security element are between 1 and 20 mm, typical lengths between 30 and 90 mm.
  • Metals such as aluminum, nickel, copper or conductive silver, or semiconducting materials, in particular based on organic polymers, are preferably used as the electrically conductive material.
  • the material can also be applied using electrically conductive inks, in particular electrically conductive printing inks. Compared to the example shown in FIG.
  • the security element 2 shown in FIG. 1 b has a recess 4 in the form of a narrow, elongated rectangle in the inner region of the layer.
  • the closed electrically conductive structure 3 in the outer region of the layer thus forms a closed conductor loop.
  • recesses 4 with very small widths of up to approximately 0.2 mm can be produced.
  • FIG. 1c shows a development of the closed conductor loop shown in FIG. 1b, the recesses 6a and 6b each having different spatial structures in individual sections of the conductor loop.
  • the arrangement of the individual recesses 6a and 6b which merge into one another is here symmetrical to the longitudinal axis of the closed, electrically conductive structure 5.
  • the security element 2 in FIG. 1d shows an arrangement of the respective recesses 6a and 6b which is asymmetrical with respect to the longitudinal axis of the closed electrically conductive structure 5, a tooth-like profile of the recesses 6a and 6b being obtained.
  • square recesses 8a and 8b of different sizes are provided, which are separated from one another by electrically conductive webs of the electrically conductive structure 7.
  • the spatial structure of the respective security element 2 in particular the layer thickness and / or dimensions and / or shape and / or material of the electrically conductive structure 3, 5 and 7 or of the recesses 4, 6a, 6b, 8a and 8b, can be selected the security element 2 a Memorize coded information.
  • the security elements 2 of FIGS. 1c to 1e which are structured differently in individual sections, represent a bit coding of information with up to nine bits, which can be read by checking the individual differently structured sections of the respective security element 2 separately.
  • FIGS. 2a to 2e show further examples of security elements according to the invention with bit coding.
  • the security element 2 shown in FIG. 2a has a closed, electrically conductive structure 21 in the outer region and step-shaped recesses 20a and 20b which merge into one another in the inner region of the layer.
  • the security element 2 shown in FIG. 2b further develops the one shown in FIG. 2a in that the closed electrically conductive structure 21 also has a step-shaped course in the outer region of the layer.
  • the security element 2 shown in FIG. 2c shows a further possibility of coding in the form of comb-shaped recesses 22a and 22b.
  • the content of coded information essentially corresponds to the information contained in the security elements 2 of FIGS. 2a and 2b with step-shaped coding, a tooth-like recess 22b being arranged at the location of the flanks 20a / 20b and 20b / 20a of the step-shaped recesses ,
  • This coding principle is further illustrated in the examples in FIGS. 2d and 2e.
  • FIG. 3 shows a document in the form of a banknote 1 with a security element 2 according to the invention.
  • a carrier layer 10 is applied to the banknote 1, which is provided with the security element 2 described in more detail in connection with FIG. 2a.
  • the carrier layer 10 is preferably a plastic film, for example made of PET, PVC or PE, with typical thicknesses between 2 and 20 ⁇ m.
  • FIG. 4 shows an enlarged cross section through the bank note 1 shown in FIG. 3 with the security element 2 perpendicular to the plane of the bank note 1 along the line BB ′.
  • the individual differently structured sections with the electrically conductive structures 21 and the recesses 20a of the electrically conductive layer can be seen on the carrier layer 10.
  • the carrier layer 10 is glued to an intermediate layer 14 with the electrically conductive structures 21 located on its upper side by means of an adhesive layer 12, in particular a layer of laminating adhesive.
  • This layer system is applied to the bank note 1, for example by means of a further adhesive layer (not shown).
  • the carrier layer 10 can also be glued directly onto the bank note 1 with the adhesive layer 12 without an intermediate layer 14.
  • a security element 2 introduced in this way into such a layer system or applied to the bank note 1 is difficult to access from the outside and is therefore well protected against attempts at manipulation.
  • the carrier film 10 can also be applied to the bank note 1 with the underside opposite the security element 2.
  • the carrier layer 10 with the electrically conductive structures 21 located thereon is preferably designed as a self-supporting label.
  • the security element 2 is applied to the security paper or the banknote 1 with the aid of a so-called transfer film.
  • a thin carrier layer is releasably applied to a transfer film.
  • the security element 2 is then produced on the carrier layer, preferably using one of the methods described above.
  • An adhesive layer is applied to the carrier layer provided with the security element 2 and is activated by heat and pressure during the transfer of this layer structure to the security paper or the bank note 1, so that the carrier layer together with the security element 2 on the security paper or the bank note 1 is attached.
  • the transfer film is removed.
  • the carrier layer 10 and / or the intermediate layer 14 can be designed such that it has an optical effect which is characteristic of the security element.
  • this can show an optically variable effect, in which the security element generates different visual impressions from different viewing angles.
  • This can preferably be achieved by at least one additional layer with optically variable pigments, in particular interference layer or liquid crystal pigments, and / or with diffraction structures in the form of a relief structure, such as a hologram.
  • This additional authenticity feature makes it even more difficult to imitate or manipulate the security element according to the invention.
  • the structure of a security element designed as an oscillating circuit is explained in more detail below with reference to FIGS. 5a to 5c and 6.
  • FIG. 5a shows a negative representation 50 of a spiral coil 51, the ends of which have contact surfaces 52.
  • the negative representation 50 is printed on a carrier layer 10, preferably by means of gravure printing processes, in particular intaglio printing processes or rotary gravure printing processes using engraved and / or etched cylinders.
  • gravure printing processes in particular intaglio printing processes or rotary gravure printing processes using engraved and / or etched cylinders.
  • Printing inks with a high pigment content which is typically more than 10 percent by weight in the dry printing ink, are particularly suitable for this.
  • a thin cover layer of conductive material such as e.g. Aluminum, or nickel, applied. Typical thicknesses of this cover layer are between approximately 30 nm and 500 nm.
  • the cover layer is preferably applied by vapor deposition, printing or other coating techniques.
  • the structure of the negative image 50 is then removed in a washing process together with the parts of the cover layer lying on the structure.
  • water-soluble printing inks in which starch, alcohol or cellulose is preferably used as the binder, only water is required in this washing process.
  • This method is particularly suitable for producing structured security elements 2, as shown in FIGS. 1 a to 1 a, 2 a to 2 e and 7.
  • FIG. 5c shows an electrically conductive surface region 53 produced in an analogous manner on a further carrier layer 15 using the method described above. If the surface region 53 is brought together with an electrically insulating layer over the contact surfaces 52 shown in FIG. 5b, a surface region 53 is formed and the contact surfaces 52 as existing capacitor plates 52/53. The capacitor 52/53 forms an oscillating circuit 51 to 53 together with the coil 51.
  • the resonant circuit 51 to 53 Due to the spatial structure of coil 51 and capacitor 52/53, i.e. Size and shape, as well as the number of turns or spacing from one another, the resonant circuit 51 to 53 receives a characteristic resonance, by means of which certain information can be impressed on the resonant circuit.
  • the resonance behavior, in particular the resonance frequency, of the resonant circuit 51 to 53 is determined, for example, by detecting the resonance absorption of the resonant circuit in a high-frequency alternating electromagnetic field, in particular by measuring the detuning of a high-frequency transmitter caused by the resonant circuit 51 to 53.
  • a signal increase which can be detected at the resonant frequency of the resonant circuit 51 to 53 generally only occurs when the quality of the resonant circuit, which is calculated from the ohmic resistance of the circuit, the inductance of the coil 51 and the capacitance of the capacitor 52/53, is greater than 1.
  • Typical frequencies are between approximately 1 MHz and 1 GHz.
  • Typical widths and / or spacings of the coil turns 51 are between approximately 0.1 mm and 2 mm, preferably 0.2 mm, typical layer thicknesses between 30 nm and 1000 nm, preferably approximately 500 nm.
  • the typical number of turns the coil 51 is between 5 and 100, in particular around 40.
  • the properties of the resonant circuit 51 to 53 can also be determined using an impedance analyzer.
  • the frequency profile of the impedance, ie the AC resistance, of a transmitting coil is measured, the magnitude and phase of the impedance preferably being detected.
  • the transmitter coil consists of copper wire with a typical diameter of approximately 0.7 mm and a typical length of approximately 85 mm.
  • the inductance of the transmitter coil is in the range between 50 and 100 nH, its resonance frequency between approximately 50 and 500 MHz. If the resonant circuit 51 to 53 to be examined is brought into the near field generated by the transmitter coil, the impedance of the transmitter coil changes due to the magnetic coupling of the two coils.
  • a suitable, simply constructed detection device comprises a tunable transmitter (VCO) or a transmitter with, preferably three to four, permanently adjustable transmission frequencies and a detection circuit for measuring the impedance at, preferably three to four, permanently adjustable frequencies.
  • FIG. 6 shows a cross section through an oscillating circuit 51 to 53, which comprises the components shown in FIGS. 5b and 5c.
  • the coil 51 is applied together with the contact surfaces 52 on a first carrier layer 10, the capacitor plate 53 on a second carrier layer 15.
  • An electrically insulating layer 16, preferably made of plastic, is provided between the two carrier layers 10 and 15 and forms the dielectric between the contact surfaces 52 and the capacitor plate 53 of the capacitor.
  • the layer system 10/16/15 is applied to a bank note 1 in this example, for example by gluing. However, it can also be partially or completely introduced into a bank note 1 in order to achieve particularly high security against tampering and manipulation.
  • the first and / or second carrier layer 10 or 15 can also be designed such that it has an optical effect which is characteristic of the security element.
  • a particularly simple alternative to the example shown here is to apply the coil 51 with the contact surfaces 52 on the one hand and the capacitor plate 53 on the other to one of the two sides of a carrier layer (not shown).
  • the dielectric is formed by the carrier layer itself.
  • the resonant circuit is formed only by a short-circuited coil (not shown) applied to a carrier layer, a separate capacitor being dispensed with.
  • the capacities required for such a resonant circuit come from So-called parasitic capacitances, which form among other things between the individual conductor tracks of the coil.
  • FIG. 7 shows a security element 2 designed as a transformer circuit with a device 48 for testing it.
  • the security element 2 is applied to the bank note 1 by means of a carrier layer 10, analogously to the exemplary embodiment described in FIGS. 3 and 4.
  • the electrically conductive layer of the security element 2 has two wide, rectangular recesses which are connected to one another by a narrow recess.
  • a closed electrical circuit is obtained, which can be thought of as composed of two electrical coils 30 and 31, the ends of which are connected to one another via two electrically conductive connections 32.
  • the electrical circuit thus represents a simple transformer circuit 30 to 32 with a turns ratio of the two coils 30 and 31 of 1: 1.
  • an alternating magnetic field is applied to the coil 30, electric currents are induced in it, which can flow via the connections 32 into the other coil 31 and in turn generate an alternating magnetic field there, which is detected by a detector arranged in the region of the coil 31 can be. From the type and strength of the alternating field detected, the type and / or the structure of the transformer circuit 30 to 32 and thus the encoded information contained in it can be inferred.
  • the coding is given in particular by the size ratio of the coils 30 and 31 or the recesses in the area of the coils 30 and 31 and / or the number of turns ratio of the two coils 30 and 31 to one another. The latter can for example be changed in that a coil 30 or 31 is coupled to one or more further coils, optionally in additional layers of the security element 2.
  • a suitable device 48 for testing the safety element 2 designed as a transformer circuit is shown.
  • An excitation coil 40 with a ferrite core 42 is operated with electrical alternating voltage from the voltage source 44. Typical frequencies of the alternating voltages are between approximately 1 and 30 MHz, in particular approximately 13.56 MHz.
  • the bank note 1 is brought in the transport direction T into the area of the device 48, where the coil 30 of the security element 2 comes to rest in the area of the excitation coil 40.
  • the alternating magnetic field emanating from the excitation coil 40 then induces electrical currents in the coil 30, which flow through the electrical connections 32 to the coil 31 and generate an alternating magnetic field there, which is detected by the detection coil 41 with a ferrite core 43.
  • the electrical currents and / or voltages induced in the detection coil 41 are measured by a measuring device 45 and, if necessary, subjected to a further evaluation.
  • the ferrite core 42 or 43 In the function of the ferrite core 42 or 43, other materials with a comparably high magnetic permeability can also be used instead of ferrite.
  • the cross section of the ferrite core 42 or 43 is preferably less than or equal to the inner cross section, ie the recess, of the respective coil 30 or 31, so that the ferrite core 42 or 43 is virtually enclosed by the respective coil 30 or 31 during the measurement becomes.
  • Typical distances between the transformer circuit 30 to 32 and the ferrite cores 40 and 41 with the coil 42 and 43 are in the range between 0.1 and 2 mm, preferably between 0.7 and 1 mm, in order to ensure good magnetic coupling with a low susceptibility to interference, in particular as a result of banknote jams in the area of the device 48.
  • the time periods within which the transformer circuit of a bank note 1 is checked are preferably in the range of milliseconds, so that bank notes 1 passing the device 48 can also be checked quickly with a high degree of reliability. This is particularly important for use in banknote processing machines with a high transport and processing rate.
  • the two coils 30 and 31 have the same rectangular cross section with only one turn each.
  • the respective cross sections and / or number of turns of the coils can be selected differently, for example by coupling a further coil (not shown) to the coil 31.
  • the currents induced on the detection coil 41 are increased so that a particularly sensitive testing of the transformer circuit 30 to 32 is made possible.
  • An increase in the efficiency of the transformer circuit 30 to 32 is also possible by means of an additional coil (not shown) coupled to the coil 30, by means of which the total inductance in the region of the coil 30 and thus the respective induced currents increase accordingly.
  • means 48 can be provided in the device 48 which detect the position of the transformer circuit 30 to 32 in advance and the Adjust the position of the ferrite cores 40 and 41 including the coils 42 and 43 accordingly.
  • the means mentioned can be, for example, optical sensors.
  • 8 shows an embodiment of the device according to the invention for testing a coded security element.
  • the security element 2 applied to the banknote 1 by means of a carrier layer 10 has a step-shaped recess 20a.
  • the test device consists of two first means 60, which generate a time-varying magnetic field.
  • an excitation coil 40 with coil core 42 and a voltage source are provided for supplying voltage to the excitation coil 40.
  • the variable magnetic field generated is preferably a periodically variable magnetic field.
  • An AC voltage source is used as the voltage source.
  • the induced circular current varies accordingly in the individual sections of the outer region of the layer.
  • the resulting different magnetic fields are detected by the second means 61a and 61b and 62a to 62d.
  • the respectively induced voltages or Currents are forwarded to an evaluation device (not shown) to determine the coding.
  • the second means have two position sensors 61a and 61b and four code sensors 62a to 62d.
  • the position sensors 62a to 62d detect the respective position of individual coding units, in the present case bit coding, units 1 and 0.
  • the signals of the code sensors 62a to 62d are then compared with the signals of the position sensors 61a and 61b during the evaluation, so that for each code sensor 62a to 62d a coding unit, ie 1 or 0, can be determined.
  • the code sensors 62a to 62d detect the bit sequence "0110".
  • the encoding contained in security element 2 can also be correctly recognized by position sensors 61a and 61b even if it is inserted into the test device in the wrong direction.
  • position sensors 61a and 61b can also serve as code sensors.
  • the first means 60 can have only one excitation coil 42 with coil core 42, which generates an alternating magnetic field at only one end or at another area of the security element 2.
  • several first means 60 can also be provided, which are arranged, for example, at regular intervals along the security element 2.
  • FIG. 9 shows a further embodiment of the device according to the invention for testing a coded security element. The statements relating to FIG. 8 apply correspondingly to bank note 1 and security element 2 located thereon.
  • the first magnetic field which induces 2 induction currents in the security element, is generated by means of a permanent magnet 73.
  • the permanent magnet 73 is coupled by an iron yoke 74 to a second coil core 43, which is surrounded by a detection coil 41.
  • a spatially inhomogeneous second magnetic field is formed between the permanent magnet 73 and the second coil core 43. If the banknote 1 together with the security element 2 is transported past the second means 71a and 71b and 72a to 72d in the transport direction T, induction currents are induced in the security element 2 due to its movement in the inhomogeneous second magnetic fields, which currents depend on the structure of the respective section of the security element 2 in the area of the individual sensors 71a and 71b and 72a to 72d. Analogous to the exemplary embodiment described in FIG.
  • an evaluation device (not shown) is also provided here, which determines the coding contained in the security element 2 from the currents or voltages induced in the detection coils 41.
  • position sensors 71a and 71b can also be provided here, which detect the position of the respective coding units.
  • FIGS. 8 and 9 The mode of operation of the device according to the invention was explained in more detail in FIGS. 8 and 9 as an example for the testing of security elements 2 with a step-like coding.
  • the devices described are suitable for a large number of different structured closed electrical circuits, in particular for the security elements shown in Figures la to le and 2a to 2e.
  • Figure 10a shows a perspective view of the device described in Figure 9 for testing a security element using a static magnetic field.
  • 10b shows the associated signal curve.
  • a bank note 1 is transported past a sensor 71 in the transport direction T.
  • a sensor 71 has been drawn in this illustration; depending on the application, several such sensors 71 can of course be arranged side by side in accordance with the example described in FIG. 9.
  • the security element 2 is formed by a closed conductor loop, in which a circulating current is induced when the inhomogeneous first magnetic field of the permanent magnet 73 passes through.
  • This circular current causes a second magnetic field which is opposite to the change in the first magnetic field.
  • the magnetic flux density changes in the second coil core 43, as a result of which a voltage is induced in the detection coil 41.
  • FIG. 10b A typical course of the induced voltage is shown in Fig. 10b.
  • the voltage signal S shows a positive and a negative voltage pulse, which can be explained by the different direction of the circular current Ik induced in the two parts of the conductor loop 2 and the magnetic fields correspondingly differently oriented therefrom.
  • the detected voltage signal S varies, from which the coding can be deduced in a suitable evaluation method.
  • a further detection coil 47 is provided with a coil core 46 which is not coupled to the permanent magnet 73 of the sensor 71.
  • FIG. 11a shows a perspective illustration of a further application of the device according to the invention in the detection of periodically arranged security elements.
  • Figure 11b shows the associated waveform.
  • a document 1 provided with a plurality of security elements 2 is transported in the transport direction T past the sensor 71, which has already been described in connection with FIG. 10a.
  • the individual security elements 2 preferably correspond to the example of a continuous electrically conductive layer described in FIG.
  • coding is provided by the structure of the individual security elements 2 and their arrangement relative to one another.
  • all security elements 2 have an identical shape and are arranged periodically, that is to say at equal intervals from one another.
  • the voltage signal S in FIG. 11b shows an essentially periodic voltage curve in the area of the security elements 2.
  • the coding on document 1 can be derived from the number of periods and their signal level.
  • Document 1 is preferably a so-called separating card, which is used to separate different packets of banknotes when they are processed in an automatic banknote processing machine.
  • the device according to the invention for checking security elements can therefore be used both for checking documents themselves, in particular banknotes, and for checking or recognizing separating cards used in banknote processing.
  • Another form of coding banknotes or separating cards consists in the arrangement of a plurality of security elements 2 with different widths and / or at different distances relative to one another, as a result of which a type of bar code is obtained which can be read in a simple manner with the device described above.
  • the recesses 4, 6a, 6b, 8a, 8b, 20a, 20b, 22a and 22b of the security elements described above are each formed as openings through the electrically conductive structures 3, 5, 7, 21, 23, 30 to 32 and 51 to 53 , ie there is no electrically conductive material in the region of a recess.
  • the electrical conductivity of which is relative to the respective electrically conductive structure 3, 5, 7, 21, 23, 30 to 32 and 51 to 53 is reduced.
  • a reduced conductivity is preferably achieved by a smaller layer thickness of the material in the area of the recess.
  • typical layer thicknesses of structures with a sufficiently high electrical conductivity for the detection of induction currents lie above approximately 250 nm.
  • a significant reduction in the electrical conductivity in the region of the recess is accordingly achieved by layer thicknesses, which are significantly smaller than 250 nm and which empirical values are accordingly below approximately 150 nm, in particular in the range between 20 nm and 50 nm.
  • the typical layer thicknesses given above preferably apply to aluminum layers.
  • the thicknesses of the corresponding layers are correspondingly larger or smaller.
  • This embodiment has the particular advantage that the recesses are opaque and consequently cannot be seen with the naked eye in transmitted light. Due to the small absolute differences in thickness between the electrically conductive structure and the recess of the order of magnitude of approximately 200 nm, neither manual palpation nor visual recognition of the coding structures in reflection geometry is possible. Such security elements are therefore particularly suitable as carriers of information that is to be kept secret and is only machine-readable. Figures 12a and 12b show further embodiments of security elements.
  • the security element 2 shown in FIG. 12 a essentially has the structure of the security element shown in FIG. 1 a, recesses in the form of interruptions 24 being additionally made in different sections of the electrically conductive layer, by means of which the electrically conductive sections 23 are separated from one another , As a result of the sequence of electrically insulating interruptions 24 and conductive sections 23 along the security element 2, the latter receives a bit coding, which can preferably be checked or read using the device shown in FIG. 9. Analogous to the example shown in FIG. 9, nine measuring heads each of the same distance are to be provided in this case with the construction described in connection with the sensors 72a to 72d.
  • induction currents in particular eddy currents
  • eddy currents are induced in the conductive sections 23, analogously to the explanations in connection with FIGS. 8 and 9, which generate a magnetic field which is generated by the sensors can be detected.
  • no induction currents are induced, so that the sensors at these points do not deliver a signal, or at least a signal that differs from the sensors via the conductive sections. In this way, the coding "010010110" contained in the security element 2 is read.
  • FIG. 12b shows a development of the security element shown in FIG. 12a, in which instead of interruptions, sections 26 are provided which have a smaller thickness in comparison to the electrically conductive sections 25 and thus a reduced electrical one Show conductivity.
  • the device shown in FIG. 9 is also particularly suitable for such security elements.
  • the statements relating to the example shown in FIG. 12a apply correspondingly to reading or checking the coding, stronger induction currents being induced in the electrically conductive sections 25 than in sections 26 with lower electrical conductivity. Accordingly, the signals generated by the individual measuring heads above the sections 25 and 26 differ, so that the coding "010010110" contained in the security element 2 is also measured here.
  • the device shown in FIG. 8 can also be used to test such security elements, it being necessary to ensure, in particular by the selection of a sufficient thickness of the sections 26, that closed induction currents can flow through the security element 2.
  • a special variant of this embodiment is characterized in that the thickness of the sections 26 and thus their electrical conductivity is chosen so that no sufficiently high electrical currents can flow to be detected with the device described in FIGS. 8 and 9 to be able to.
  • the sections 26 then behave in principle like the interruptions 24 of the security element 2 shown in FIG. 12a.
  • Typical thicknesses of the sections 26 are between 20 nm and 50 nm, typical thicknesses of the electrically conductive sections 25 above 150 nm, in particular above 250 nm.
  • security elements 2 designed in this way have the particular advantage that the coding contained cannot be recognized by the naked eye or by palpation.
  • This variant of the security element is preferably produced as follows:
  • the first layer has a much lower electrical conductivity than the second layer. This is preferably due to a much smaller thickness of the first layer compared to the thickness of the second
  • the thickness of the first layer is preferably less than 50 nm and the thickness of the second layer is greater than 150 nm.
  • the differently thick sections of the layer are produced as follows:
  • Printing a negative representation of the coding on a base Applying, in particular vapor deposition, a first layer of metal or printing a first layer of electrically conductive printing ink onto the negative image; Removing the printed negative image together with the areas of the first layer located on the printed areas of the negative image in a washing process, so that only areas of the first layer remain on the base which correspond to a positive image of the coding;
  • the thickness of the first layer is chosen so that it is substantially greater than the thickness of the second layer, so that the electrically conductive sections of the first layer have a significantly higher electrical conductivity than the sections of the second layer.
  • an optical diffraction structure in particular a hologram, in the thin sections 26.
  • the diffraction-optical structure in the second layer plane which is introduced into a thin metal layer with typical thicknesses between 20 nm and 50 nm, has a negligibly low electrical conductivity compared to the electrically conductive sections 25, so that the coding given by the arrangement of the sections 25 with the The device shown in FIG. 9, as described in connection with FIGS. 12a and 12b, can be read or checked.
  • the thickness of the layer and thus the electrical conductivity of the layer varies continuously along one dimension of the layer, in particular along the longitudinal extent.
  • the layer can have more than two different thicknesses in different sections, so that in the cross-section of the layer a kind of stair structure is obtained with stair steps of different heights over one dimension of the layer.
  • the coding of such security elements can also be detected or read out using the devices according to FIGS. 8 and 9 described in more detail above.
  • the individual measuring heads 61, 62 and 71, 72 in this case deliver signals which are dependent on the layer thickness of the respective section of the layer and are evaluated accordingly for further decoding.
  • FIGS. 12c and 12d show further embodiments of the coding principles shown in FIGS. 12a and 12b.
  • sections 28 with a grid are provided in the security element 2 of FIG. 12c.
  • the thickness of the layer in the sections 28 of the grid is preferably equal to the thickness of the layer in the electrically conductive sections 27.
  • the electrically conductive layer in the grid sections 28 is interrupted by a large number of small, elongated cutouts. As a result, the electrical conductivity of the sections 28 is reduced to such an extent that circuit currents can no longer be detected there with the devices shown in FIGS. 8 and 9.
  • the rastered sections 28 thus behave like the interruptions 24 or the very thin layers 26 of the security elements 2 shown in FIGS. 12a and 12b.
  • the grid of the sections 34 corresponds to the grid shown in the sections 28 of FIG. 12c, as a result of which they have a very low electrical conductivity.
  • the rasterization of the sections 29 is designed as a dot raster in which the individual, conductive raster dots (drawn in black) touch.
  • the electrical conductivity of these sections 29 is thereby lower than in the corresponding sections 27 of the security element shown in FIG. 12c, but this is sufficiently high for inductive detection.
  • the detection of the encoding "010010110” is in turn analogous to the manner described in more detail in connection with FIGS. 8, 9, 12a and 12b.
  • the coding with the gridings in sections 28, 29 and 34 of the security elements in FIGS. 12c and 12d are preferably obtained as follows:
  • the thickness of the metal layer or the layer of electrically conductive printing ink is chosen so that it has a sufficiently high electrical conductivity for the detection of induction currents.
  • the thickness of the layer is preferably greater than 150 nm.
  • the electrical conductivity of the individual sections depends not only on the layer thickness, but also on the specific conductivity of the material used, it is also possible to use the differently high electrical conductivities in the individual sections of the layer - in addition or as an alternative to the thickness variation described above or Screening - to be realized by using different materials, in particular metals and / or electrically conductive printing inks, with different specific electrical conductivities in the individual sections.
  • materials in particular metals and / or electrically conductive printing inks, with different specific electrical conductivities in the individual sections.
  • aluminum can be used as the first material
  • copper is used as the second material.
  • materials which have different alloys or compositions So far, the device for testing the security element has been described with first means for generating a first magnetic field and second means for detecting a second magnetic field. However, it is obvious that a device can also be used which uses electrical fields to test the security element and / or determines the conductivity of the security element.
  • Such a device can have, for example, several capacities, which can have an arrangement which, for. B. corresponds to the arrangement of the second means 61 from FIG. Due to the differently conductive areas of the security element or the presence or absence of conductive material, the electrical field of the capacitors is changed by the security element and can be measured, e.g. B. by changing the voltage on the capacitors. This makes it possible to carry out a test such as. B. has been described with reference to Figure 8, d. H. to determine the coding of the security element.
  • the capacitances can be arranged such that the security element is moved past the capacitances during the test, the electrical field extending in the direction of the security elements.

Abstract

L'invention concerne un élément de sécurité (2), notamment pour billets de banque (1), comportant un ou plusieurs composants électroconducteurs, ainsi qu'un dispositif approprié pour vérifier des éléments de sécurité. L'invention vise à assurer une haute protection contre les falsifications et les manipulations frauduleuses, avec un mode de production aussi simple et aussi économique que possible. A cet effet, il est prévu pour ledit élément de sécurité (2) selon l'invention, de conférer un codage à un ou plusieurs composants, par la structure spatiale, notamment par l'extension spatiale et/ou la position et/ou la forme. Le dispositif selon l'invention est de structure simple et permet d'effectuer une vérification fiable de tels éléments de sécurité (2), du fait qu'un premier champ magnétique, produit avec de premiers moyens (60), induit un courant d'induction dans les composants, qui donne lieu à un second champ magnétique, détecté avec de seconds moyens (61a, 61b, 62a-62d). Le codage du circuit électrique est déterminé dans un dispositif d'évaluation, sur la base du second champ magnétique détecté.
PCT/EP2003/011548 2002-10-21 2003-10-17 Element de securite pour documents d'identite et papiers-valeurs WO2004037560A2 (fr)

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AU2003298090A AU2003298090A1 (en) 2002-10-21 2003-10-17 Security element for identity documents and valuable documents

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DE10248954.8 2002-10-21
DE10248954A DE10248954A1 (de) 2002-10-21 2002-10-21 Sicherheitselement für Ausweis- und Wertdokumente

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WO2004037560A3 WO2004037560A3 (fr) 2004-12-16

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WO2014161651A1 (fr) * 2013-04-02 2014-10-09 Heraeus Precious Metals Gmbh & Co. Kg Structure stratifiée avec polymère conducteur pour reconnaissance de manipulation et procédé de production correspondant
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WO2007072251A2 (fr) * 2005-12-22 2007-06-28 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Element de securite et ses procedes de fabrication et d’authentification
DE102009042022A1 (de) 2009-09-21 2011-03-24 Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh Langgestrecktes Sicherheitselement mit maschinenlesbaren magnetischen Bereichen
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DE10248954A1 (de) 2004-04-29
AU2003298090A8 (en) 2004-05-13
AU2003298090A1 (en) 2004-05-13

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