Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/557—Eicosanoids, e.g. leukotrienes or prostaglandins
  • A61K31/5575—Eicosanoids, e.g. leukotrienes or prostaglandins having a cyclopentane, e.g. prostaglandin E2, prostaglandin F2-alpha
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/535—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with at least one nitrogen and one oxygen as the ring hetero atoms, e.g. 1,2-oxazines
  • A61K31/5375—1,4-Oxazines, e.g. morpholine
  • A61K31/5377—1,4-Oxazines, e.g. morpholine not condensed and containing further heterocyclic rings, e.g. timolol
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/557—Eicosanoids, e.g. leukotrienes or prostaglandins
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
  • A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
  • A61K9/0048—Eye, e.g. artificial tears
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P27/00—Drugs for disorders of the senses
  • A61P27/02—Ophthalmic agents
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P27/00—Drugs for disorders of the senses
  • A61P27/02—Ophthalmic agents
  • A61P27/06—Antiglaucoma agents or miotics
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
  • A61K47/06—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite
  • A61K47/16—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite containing nitrogen, e.g. nitro-, nitroso-, azo-compounds, nitriles, cyanates
  • A61K47/18—Amines; Amides; Ureas; Quaternary ammonium compounds; Amino acids; Oligopeptides having up to five amino acids
  • A61K47/186—Quaternary ammonium compounds, e.g. benzalkonium chloride or cetrimide
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
  • A61K47/06—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite
  • A61K47/26—Carbohydrates, e.g. sugar alcohols, amino sugars, nucleic acids, mono-, di- or oligo-saccharides; Derivatives thereof, e.g. polysorbates, sorbitan fatty acid esters or glycyrrhizin

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a method and 5 composition for treating ocular hypertension and glaucoma with reduced side effects.
• Preservatives used in ophthalmic composition are required to exhibit sufficient antimicrobial effect on 0' bacteria and fungi as well as high degree of safety such that inducing no or small affection on eye tissues such as corneal epithelium.
• the preservatives themselves are required to be stable.
• the preservatives are required to homogenize and stabilize the composition by interacting with the ingredients, for example, by homogeneously dispersing or dissolving the ingredients into the vehicle or base.
• Benzalkonium chloride is a preservative most commonly used in commercially available ophthalmic solution.
• preservatives are known as the major etiology of keratoconjunctive disorders, and for safety purpose, it is preferred that the concentration of a preservative such as benzalkonium chloride is below 0.01%.
• a preservative such as benzalkonium chloride
• preservatives contained in ophthalmic solution cause blood-aqueous barrier disruption and macular edema, especially cystoid macular edema (hereinafter referred to as "CME")- (The 105th General Assembly of Japan Ophthalmological Society, P.112, OSN Supersite, Top Stories, 97/10/02, the contents are herein incorporated by reference) .
• Xalatan® ophthalmic solution which has been marketed as a drug for treating ocular hypertension and glaucoma, contains latanoprost as an active ingredient thereof.
• Xalatan® ophthalmic solution contains benzalkonium chloride as a preservative at a concentration of 0.02% (package insert of Xalatan®) , and side effects such as keratoconjunctive disorders and CME caused by such high concentration of the preservative have been the problem.
• latanoprost is highly fat-soluble, it has been believed to be difficult to prepare homogeneous and stable latanoprost ophthalmic composition without benzalkonium chloride.
• latanoprost ophthalmic composition containing no or less than 0.02% of benzalkonium chloride has not been provided as a commercially available product.
• the present invention relates to a method for treating ocular hypertension and glaucoma, which comprises administering an ophthalmic composition comprising latanoprost as an active ingredient thereof to a subject in need of said treatment, wherein the ophthalmic composition contains substantially no benzalkonium chloride.
• the present invention relates to a method for treating ocular hypertension and glaucoma, which comprises administering an ophthalmic composition comprising latanoprost as an active ingredient thereof to a subject who has ocular hypertension and glaucoma and suffering from or is likely to suffer from keratoconjunctive disorders and/or macular edema, wherein the ophthalmic composition contains substantially no benzalkonium chloride. That is the method of the present invention is especially useful for a patient in need of the treatment or prevention of keratoconjunctive disorders and/or macular edema in addition to the treatment of ocular hypertension and glaucoma.
• the present invention also relates to an ophthalmic composition for treating ocular hypertension and glaucoma comprising latanoprost as an active ingredient thereof, which contains substantially no benzalkonium chloride. Further, the present invention relates to use of latanoprost for manufacturing an ophthalmic composition for treating ocular hypertension and glaucoma, characterized in that the composition contains substantially no benzalkonium chloride.
• the phrase of "the ophthalmic composition contains substantially no benzalkonium chloride" used herein means that the composition contains no benzalkonium chloride, or the composition contains benzalkonium chloride at a concentration that if the amount of benzalkonium chloride in the commercially available Xalatan® ophthalmic solution is reduced below said concentration, homogenous and/or stable solution is difficult to be prepared.
• the ophthalmic composition may contain Benzalkonium chloride at a concentration of less than 0.02%, preferably 0.01% or less, more preferably 0.005% or less.
• treatment or “treating” used herein includes any means of control such as prevention, care, relief of symptoms, attenuation of symptoms and arrest of progression.
• the ophthalmic composition of the present invention may be formulated as any dosage form used in the ophthalmic field.
• the ophthalmic composition may be in liquid form such as solution, emulsion and suspension or semisolid form such as gel and eye ointment.
• Ophthalmic solution including emulsion and suspension as well as solution is preferably used.
• the ingredients other than latanoprost may not be particularly limited as far as latanoprost is homogeneously and stably dispersed or dissolved in the composition.
• Ophthalmic composition of the present invention may be manufactured according to any of conventional methods.
• the composition may further contain a dissolving agent.
• the dissolving agents used in the present invention may be any of conventionally used agents as far as it helps to disperse or dissolve latanoprost homogeneously and stably in an aqueous vehicle containing substantially no benzalkonium chloride.
• dissolving agents may include polyoxyethylenesorbitan higher aliphatic acid monoester such as polysorbate 80, EDTA, boric acid, chlorhexidine gluconate, sodium persulfate, glycerol, concentrated glycerol, polyoxylated caster oil such as polyoxyethylene hydrogenated castor oil 40 and polyoxyethylene hydrogenated castor oil 60, polyoxyl stearate, macrogol, propyleneglycol, povidone, lower alcohol such as ethanol and chlorobutanol. Polysorbate 80 and EDTA are especially preferred.
• the dissolving agent may be used solely or in combination with one or more other dissolving agents.
• the ophthalmic composition of the present invention may further contain additives other than the above-listed dissolving agents.
• the additives may be any of those conventionally used in the ophthalmic field.
• the additives may include osmotic adjusting agents such as sodium chloride, potassium chloride, calcium chloride, sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate, magnesium sulfate, sodium hydrogen phosphate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, borax, sodium hydroxide, hydrochloric acid, isosorbitol, propylene glycol, mannitol, sucrose and glucose; buffering agents such as sodium monohydrogen phosphate and sodium dihydrogen phosphate; thickeners such as saccharides (e.g.
• lactose and maltose lactose and maltose
• hyaluronic acids or salt thereof e.g. sodium hyaluronate and potassium hyaluronate
• mucopolysaccharides e.g. chondroitin sulfate
• sodium polyacrylate carboxyvinyl polymer and crosslinked polyacrylate.
• the composition may contain ordinarily used eye ointment bases in addition to the above additives.
• eye ointment bases may include oil base such as Vaseline, liquid paraffin, polyethylene, Selen 50, Plastibase, macrogol and a combination thereof; emulsion base in which oil phase and aqueous phase have been emulsified with a surface active agent or the like; and water soluble base such as hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, carboxypropylcellulose and polyethylene glycol.
• the present invention it is easy to prepare homogenous and stable latanoprost ophthalmic composition containing less than 0.02% of benzalkonium by admixing a dissolving agent.
• the ophthalmic composition of the present invention may be prepared as a sterile unit dose type formulation for single use. Furthermore, since the ophthalmic composition of the present invention causes significantly fewer side effects such as keratoconjunctive disorders and CME than commercially available Xalatan® ophthalmic solution, the method or composition of the present invention provides more effective treatment to a subject suffering from keratoconjunctive disorder and/or macular edema such as CME .
• the concentration of latanoprost in the composition and dosing frequency may vary according to the type of the subject such as species, age, sex, body weight and general health, symptoms to be treated, desired therapeutic effects, administration route, period of treatment and the like.
• an ophthalmic solution containing latanoprost at a concentration of 0.00001 to 1%, preferably 0.0001 to 0.1%, more preferably 0.001 to 0.01% may be instilled 1 to 4 times, preferably 1 to 3 times, more preferably 1 to 2 times a day.
• the composition may contain pharmaceutically active ingredients other than latanoprost as far as they are not contrary to the objects of the present invention.
• the pharmaceutically active ingredients may include parasympathomimetic agents such as pilocarpine and carbachol; cholinesterase inhibitors such as physostigmine salicylate, distigmine bromide and echothiopate iodide; sympathomimetic agents such as epinephrine, dipivalylepinephrine, clonidine, p- aminoclonidine and brimonidine; ⁇ -adrenergic blockers such as betaxolol, levobunolol, timolol and carteolol; prostaglandin compounds such as isopropyl unoprostone, travoprost and bimatoprost; tropicamide and the like.
• timolol is especially preferable.
• the amount of each ingredient may be determined appropriately according to the therapeutic effects and safety of each ingredient.
• Latanoprost was dispersed in sterilized water with various additives shown in table 1 below respectively to prepare 0.005% latanoprost ophthalmic solution. lOmL of each of the solution was agitated for seven hours and then stood still for 30 minutes. After that, the concentration of the latanoprost in the solutions was measured by HPLC and determined by internal standard method with one point calibration curve.

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• Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
• General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Epidemiology (AREA)
• Ophthalmology & Optometry (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
• Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
• Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
• Diaphragms For Electromechanical Transducers (AREA)
• Solid Thermionic Cathode (AREA)
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• 2003
  • 2003-05-06 US US10/429,677 patent/US7074827B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2003-10-22 CA CA2502437A patent/CA2502437C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2003-10-22 AT AT03758746T patent/ATE480240T1/de active
  • 2003-10-22 EP EP03758746A patent/EP1553953B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2003-10-22 DK DK03758746.6T patent/DK1553953T3/da active
  • 2003-10-22 EP EP10171708A patent/EP2253322A1/en not_active Withdrawn
  • 2003-10-22 DE DE60334134T patent/DE60334134D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2003-10-22 AU AU2003274734A patent/AU2003274734A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2003-10-22 WO PCT/JP2003/013452 patent/WO2004037267A1/en not_active Ceased
  • 2003-10-22 JP JP2005501572A patent/JP2006503913A/ja active Pending
• 2006
  • 2006-05-23 US US11/438,290 patent/US8673973B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2012
  • 2012-05-31 JP JP2012125019A patent/JP2012162570A/ja active Pending

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