WO2003094964A1 - Composición vacunal contra las alergias, método para su obtención y empleo en el tratamiento de las mismas - Google Patents
Composición vacunal contra las alergias, método para su obtención y empleo en el tratamiento de las mismas Download PDFInfo
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- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
- A61K39/39—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies characterised by the immunostimulating additives, e.g. chemical adjuvants
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- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
- A61K39/35—Allergens
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
- A61K38/16—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
- A61K39/395—Antibodies; Immunoglobulins; Immune serum, e.g. antilymphocytic serum
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/10—Dispersions; Emulsions
- A61K9/127—Liposomes
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
- A61K2039/555—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies characterised by a specific combination antigen/adjuvant
- A61K2039/55505—Inorganic adjuvants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
- A61K2039/555—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies characterised by a specific combination antigen/adjuvant
- A61K2039/55511—Organic adjuvants
- A61K2039/55583—Polysaccharides
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
- A61K2039/555—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies characterised by a specific combination antigen/adjuvant
- A61K2039/55588—Adjuvants of undefined constitution
- A61K2039/55594—Adjuvants of undefined constitution from bacteria
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
- A61K2039/57—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies characterised by the type of response, e.g. Th1, Th2
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
- A61K2039/60—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies characteristics by the carrier linked to the antigen
- A61K2039/6018—Lipids, e.g. in lipopeptides
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of Immunology, specifically with the branch of Immunoalergy and in particular with the use of adjuvants or carriers to modulate the immunological response to allergens, with the aim of inducing changes that reduce or prevent the pathogenic effect of said response towards those compounds.
- Allergies are a very common pathology, especially in industrialized countries.
- the most common of them is the so-called hypersensitivity of tlpo-l or anaphylactic.
- the physiopathogenesis of the same is based on the increased production of IgE, a cytotropic antibody, which is produced against substances called allergens, after a first contact known as sensitization.
- IgE binds to tissue mast cells and blood basophils, thus prolonging their half-life from hours in blood to months in tissues.
- asthma In subsequent contacts with the allergen, recognition of them and cross-linking of surface IgE, signal transmission to the cytoplasm and cell degranulation, and release of allergy mediators, including histamine, occur serotonin and kinins.
- the most common allergic diseases are rhinitis, asthma, and atopic dermatitis.
- Allergic asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease.
- the immunopathogenesis of asthma is complex and involves, in addition to the IgE-dependent mechanisms (causes of the immediate anaphylactic response type I), Th2 lymphocytes, which induce and maintain the inflammatory response by recruiting and activating other cells and in particularly through the production of IL-5, which is responsible for the recruitment and activation of eosinophils.
- Eosinophilia plays an important role in the emergence of bronchial hyperreactivity, which is an essential characteristic of asthma.
- the most common allergens are pollen, mites, house dust, mold, drugs, food and animal hair.
- the domestic allergens and first of all mites are the cause of respiratory allergies and asthma.
- hyposensitization therapy or immunotherapy with allergenic extracts has been widely used in the treatment of allergic diseases.
- patients are hyposensitized by subcutaneous administration of specific allergens. It begins with the injection of a small dose of said allergen and if allergic reactions do not occur, it is increased on a weekly basis. The doses continue to increase gradually until a monthly or bi-monthly maintenance dose is reached.
- Th2 cells are pathologically involved not only through their regulatory role (IL-4 induces class change towards IgE in B lymphocytes, mediated by a contact signal provided by Th) but also also more involved direct in the effector phase of the late allergic response and in chronic asthmatic inflammation.
- the immune mechanism responsible for the clinical improvement of patients during immunotherapy with allergenic extracts is not yet fully elucidated.
- Th1 / Th2 patterns of immune response they are distinguished first by the typical pattern of cytokines secreted by Th cells, primarily IFN- ⁇ and IL-2 by Th1 and IL-4 and IL-5 by Th2 (Mossman, TR, Cherwinski, H., Bond, MW, Giedlin, M. A, and RL Coffman. 1986. Two types of murine helper T cells clone. I. Definition according to profiles of lymphokine activities and secreted proteins. J. Immunol. 136: 2348-2357). On the other hand, it is also possible to assess the type of induced response by determining the profiles of classes and subclasses of serum immunoglobulins that they induce.
- the Th1 pattern preferentially induces antibodies of the lgG2a subclass (IFN- ⁇ dependent), while Th2 induces IgE and lgG1 subclass (IL-4 dependent).
- Th1 studies with IgG1 / IgG3 antibodies and Th2 with IgE are related to environmental factors, the basic role in the individual's propensity to develop a Th2 / lgE response to environmental antigens is genetic (Holgate ST. Genetic and environmental interaction in allergy and Asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1999; 104: 1139-1 146). This translates into that, the offspring of allergic parents will also be more often than the children of non-allergic parents.
- liposomes containing allergens have been described in patent application WO 89/10753. Liposomes, in addition to creating a reservoir and reducing the allergenicity of the product, are believed to influence the mechanisms of presentation of the antigens to the immune system, due to their lipid and particulate nature (WHO Position Paper. Allergen Immunotherapy: Therapeutic Vaccines against Allergic Diseases, Geneva, January 1998). However, this approach has not been extended to clinical practice due to the characteristic instability of these preparations, as well as to problems related to technology for the consistent inclusion of allergens within the liposomes.
- the fundamental nucleus is the proteoliposome or outer membrane vesicles (VME) derived from Neisser ⁇ a meningitidis serogroup B, whose particulate structure, its traces of lipooligosaccharides (LPS) incorporated in the VME, the polysaccharide C, its characteristic lipid composition and Its adsorption in alumina, are related to its immunogenicity and proven protectogenicity in humans.
- LPS lipooligosaccharides
- this vaccine formulation does not cause toxic effects in humans or animals, which is attributed to the peculiar structure and composition of the VME.
- the vaccine based on this proteoliposome has been applied in more than 50 million doses and has proven to be safe, non-reagenic and effective to protect against N. meningitidis serogupos B and O It is also applied during breastfeeding safely and effectively, where converts the T-independence of Polysaccharide C into a T-dependent antigen.
- This vaccine induces a preferential Th1 pattern characterized by induction in human and animal lymphoproliferation; IgG anti-VME antibodies; lgG1 subclasses in humans and lgG2a in mice; IFN ⁇ , IL-2 and IL-12 at the level of mRNA and proteins, and the non-induction of anti-VME IgE or increases in total IgE, nor of IL-4, IL-5 at the level of mRNA or protein ( Infect Immun. 2001, 69 (72001): 4502-4508).
- the vaccine-induced response is specific to the bacterial antigens that make up the product, and therefore, there is no evidence that it induces any response against known allergens.
- the technical objective of the present invention is to obtain a pharmaceutical preparation for therapeutic or prophylactic use using bacterial proteoliposomes, hereinafter referred to as proteoliposomes, which when applied in a patient suffering from allergies, is capable of transforming the response allergic (Th2) induced by the allergen, towards a Th1 cellular response.
- the invention also includes the immunization scheme with said vaccine composition. It is also an objective of the present invention to provide a pharmaceutical composition capable of preventing the onset and development of allergic disease in children with atopic family history.
- This composition may contain one or more allergens which can be coupled or administered together with a proteoliposome, inducing a therapeutic or protective immune response in the allergic individual, to the allergens in question.
- This response is characterized by lower production of IgE antibodies with respect to traditional immunotherapy, non-induction of IL-5, as well as the induction of lgG1 subclass antibodies (in humans) and lgG2a (in murine) and the cytokines IFN ⁇ and IL-2 (in both), corresponding to a Th1 response, elements that demonstrate the transformation of the allergenic Th2 response to a cell, Th1.
- the novelty of the invention lies primarily in the use of proteoliposomes derived from outer membrane proteins of Gram-negative bacteria and more particularly from Neisser ⁇ a meningitidis B, which may be alone or linked to a polysaccharide; to be subsequently coupled non-covalently or covalently with one or more allergenic proteins and thus be administered to allergic individuals.
- the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention induces a modulation of the specific immune response to the allergens included therein, towards a non-pathogenic and protective Th1 pattern, using only 2 injections.
- Another novel aspect is its prophylactic application in descendants of allergic parents or in atopic individuals diagnosed early.
- the procedure used for the non-covalent coupling of the components of the formulation and particularly of the proteoliposome and of the allergens, as well as the use of purified allergens for that purpose, is also novel.
- proteoliposomes or VME purified from the culture of Gram-negative bacteria in particular of N. meningitidis B are used as described in US Patent No. 5,597,572.
- allergens are preferably used of a protein or glycoprotein nature although it is also possible to use polysaccharide allergens.
- polypeptides obtained by chemical synthesis whose amino acid sequence corresponds to native allergens can be used.
- respiratory allergens are used and first of all house dust mites of the Piroglyphidae or Glyciphagidae families, especially of the Dermatophagoides or Blomia genera and specifically of the Dermatophagoides siboney, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus or Dermatophagoides far ⁇ nae species.
- the purified allergens of said mite species are obtained from any commercial allergenic extract, which is first subjected to lyophilization or ultrafiltration concentration to a protein concentration of 10 to 100 mg / mL and then to saline precipitation in sulfate solution 50 - 100% ammonium.
- the precipitate is fractionated by molecular sieve chromatography using as Sephacryl S-100, Sephacryl S-200 or Sephacryl S-300 or Superdex 75 matrices, the peak corresponding to the molecular weights 10-60 kDa being collected.
- This fraction essentially contains the major Allergens of Group 1 (25 kDa glycoproteins: Der s 1, Der p 1) and Group 2 (15 kDa proteins: Der s 2, Der p 2).
- a separate purification procedure can be used for each of the allergens separately, based on affinity chromatography with anti-Group 1 and anti-Group 2 monoclonal antibodies, coupled to a resin, with the subsequent formulation of both components important in a single preparation or binding to Proteoliposomes separately.
- the union of both basic components (allergen and proteoliposome) is carried out by covalent or non-covalent methods, taking into account the properties of each particular allergen.
- mite allergens are incorporated in allergen concentrations of 0.1 to 1 ⁇ g per 10 ⁇ g of proteoliposome.
- This incorporation is carried out by stirring for 30 to 90 minutes at 60 to 600 rpm, taking advantage of the hydrophobic or lipophilic interactions between both components.
- the mixture obtained can be administered directly in aqueous solution or adsorbed in alumina.
- the allergen is adsorbed to it before or after the proteoliposome.
- Alumina is used 10 to 25 times the amount of proteoliposome, maintaining the ratio between it and the allergen.
- the alumina adsorption is carried out by slow stirring between 60 to 600 rpm and pH 6 to 8.
- the effectiveness of the adsorption of each Alumina allergen can be determined using specific ELISA methods, such as ELISAs for Der s 1 (Sewer et al. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2000; 123: 242-248) or for Group 2 of the genus Dermatophagoides (Heymann PW, Chapman MD et al J Allergy Clin Immunol 1989; 83: 1055-1067.)
- the binding of the proteoliposome and the allergen can also be carried out covalently through the binding of a spacer to the proteoliposome by the free amlnes groups present therein and then the binding of the maleimido group to the free sulfhydropyl groups present in the allergen.
- groups exist in the major allergens of dust mites (group 1 and 2), but they can also be induced in other allergens by reducing disulfide bridges or included by derivatizing proteins by known methods.
- the conjugates obtained are subsequently purified by dialysis or ultrafiltration and finally by molecular exclusion chromatography (Sephacryl S-300 or Superdex 200) to remove conjugation reagents, as well as allergens not bound to the proteoliposome.
- the allergenic molecules must constitute between 1 and 10% of the total mass of the conjugate in order to achieve the appropriate immunogenic response.
- the conjugate is administered by injection into an appropriate aqueous excipient or also adsorbed on Aluminum Hydroxide gel or other reservoir adjuvant.
- the present invention also comprises the conjugation by the method described above, of lipophilic residues to allergens, such as bipolar fatty acids of 16 to 20 carbons, to facilitate their non-covalent incorporation into the proteollposome.
- the vaccine composition includes other antigens that do not affect the induced cell pattern and do potentiate the desired response against the allergen, which allows obtaining a polyvalent vaccine.
- Polysaccharides can be one of these antigens and particularly N. meningitidis C polysaccharide. These are added non-covalently in concentrations of 0.5-4 times with respect to the proteoliposome.
- the present invention also encompasses the use of allergens of a polysaccharide nature, such as cross-reactive Carbohydrate Determinants (CCD) (Aalberse, RC. Crossreactivity of IgE antibodies to allergens. Allergy 56). (6), 2001, pp478-490), found in some pollens and plant foods. Then they are added to the formulation as well as the polysaccharide C of N. meningitidis.
- CCD Carbohydrate Determinants
- this composition parenterally in only two doses produces not only a specific Th1 type response to proteoliposome antigens as previously known, but also a similar Th1 type response directed against allergens. included in the formulation.
- this Th1 response is also imposed, despite the use in the formulation of Aluminum Hydroxide, however, the deposition effect is preserved.
- This response is characterized by a cytokine pattern composed preferably of IFN- ⁇ , with no IL-5 response, also by an induction of antibodies of the lgG2a subclass and a reduction of IgE and lgG1 antibodies in mice, allergen-specific .
- the administration of said composition does not affect a pre-existing response against bacterial antigens, induced by a previous immunization.
- the immunological effect achieved by this preparation makes it possible to counteract the allergic response of both anaphylactic type (reduction of IgE and lgG1) and the late and chronic inflammatory (reduction of IL-5), which also makes it effective in the treatment of asthma.
- the therapeutic effect is due to the presentation of allergens to the immune system in a non-allergenic context and is achieved in a reduced number of injections and in a shorter time compared to traditional immunotherapy with allergenic extracts.
- Such an effect is advantageously used not only in the treatment of allergic patients, but also allows to prevent the worsening of the disease in individuals with an incipient allergic state or to prevent the development of new allergies to different allergens.
- proteoliposomes as an immunomodulatory adjuvant is effective and safe at an early age during breastfeeding, which enables the administration of the vaccine formulation at that age for prophylactic purposes, before the onset and development of the disease, in children with a history allergic relatives and therefore with a high probability of being too.
- the adsorption of the active components of the formulation in a reservoir adjuvant, particularly in Aluminum hydroxide gel, allows the reduction of the allergenicity of the preparation (ie the binding capacity of IgE) more than 10 times in relation to a similar dose of allergen in aqueous state, which implies a considerable reduction of the risks of severe anaphylactic reactions during its administration.
- Adsorption to the Aluminum hydroxide gel also helps to prolong the stability of the preparation during its preservation, by decreasing the kinetics of chemical reactions that may eventually cause degradation of the active components.
- the use of purified allergens and particularly of purified allergens of Dermatophagoides mites, including allergens of groups 1 and 2, allows to standardize the composition of the products, determining and adjusting precisely their content in the formulation and their incorporation into the proteoliposome or to the aluminum hydroxide gel. Also in the case of covalent coupling, it is possible to easily separate unwanted products (such as allergen-allergen polymers) from active products (proteoliposome-allergen conjugates) thanks to the large mass difference between both components, which is performed using molecular exclusion chromatography methods, commercially available.
- the technology is applicable to allergens of different nature, being possible to use several allergens in the same formulation.
- Proteoliposomes also convert T-independent antigens, such as carbohydrates, into T-dependent antigens. This property is also advantageously applied to polysaccharide allergens, such as CCDs.
- the present invention will be described through the following specific examples.
- Example 1. Obtaining and purification of mite allergens. These preparations are obtained from the complete cultivation of the mites, which contains dead mites, exhuvias, feces, as well as non-allergenic low molecular weight ingredients from the culture medium. The allergens are extracted in solution of ammonium bicarbonate or sodium bicarbonate or saline or phosphate buffered saline, at a pH close to the physiological one.
- the crude extract is clarified by centrifugation and filtration and the low molecular weight components are removed by molecular sieve chromatography (Sephadex G-25) or diafiltration (5-10 kD cutoff) or both. This preparation is then concentrated by ultrafiltration and lyophilized to ensure its stability.
- the freeze-dried extract is resuspended in aqueous solution and subjected to saline precipitation in 50-100% ammonium sulfate solution.
- the precipitate is fractionated by molecular sieve chromatography using Superdex 75, the intermediate peak corresponding to the molecular weights 10-60 kDa being collected. This fraction basically contains the major Allergens of Group 1 (25 kDa) and Group 2 (15 kDa).
- the collected fraction is lyophilized again to be reconstituted at an appropriate concentration for conjugation or mixing with the proteoliposome.
- Example 2 Obtaining the proteoliposome.
- proteoliposome a culture of N. meningitidis B is carried out and the biomass collected by centrifugation is subjected to an extraction process with detergent, enzymes and ultrasound. The cell debris is removed by centrifugation and the supernatant is then digested with nucleases to remove nucleic acids. The extract is recovered by ultracentrifugation, resuspended in solution with detergent and purified from the rest of the low and medium molecular weight components by molecular exclusion chromatography.
- the proteoliposome thus obtained contain less than 10% nucleic acids and about 10% of LPS inserted in its structure; But never free. Opclonally, capsular polysaccharide of N.
- meningitidis serogroup C produced according to Gold and Gotschlich (Gold et al., 1969-1970, WHO Bull. 45: 279-282 and Gotschlich et al., 1969, J. Exp. Med. 129 is added. : 1349-1365) 0.5 to 4 times the proteoliposome content.
- the final pH is 7.0 + 0.4, the adsorption to the alumina gel of the proteollposome-polysaccharide is greater than 80% and an LPS content of less than 6% is guaranteed.
- the LPS present is inserted in the proteoliposome, so that an adequate presentation to the immune system is achieved and reduces the possibility of inducing undesirable reactions.
- Thiomersal can be added as a preservative at a concentration between 0.005- 0.02%.
- the final product is subjected to a set of biological and physical-chemical controls.
- Example 3 Determination of the allergenicity (binding of human IgE) of the formulation adsorbed on Aluminum hydroxide.
- the allergenic activity expressed as the binding capacity of human IgE antibodies, was determined by IgE inhibition ELISA which determines the ability of the sample in solution to inhibit the binding of human IgE to the solid phase fixed allergen.
- the sample formulation is allergen of purified D. siboney according to Ex. 1, mixed with the proteoliposomes according to Ex. 2 and adsorbed on Aluminum hydroxide gel.
- the allergen concentration higher Der s 1, initial is 4 ⁇ g / mL and the allergenic activity 400 UB / mL (UB: Biological Units according to the definition of the Nordic Guidelines for the Registration of Allergenic Products, 2nd Edition. 10,000 UB equivalent to 10 mg / mL Histamine HCI in the skin prick test)
- the ELISA is performed according to the following procedure. Polystyrene microplates are coated with the Allergenic Reference Extract. Non-specific binding sites of the plate are blocked with 1% PBS-BSA. The serum IgE inhibition is then carried out from the pool of sera, by incubating the serum with increasing amounts of the allergen sample and the Reference, in parallel. IgE not inhibited by the allergens in solution binds to the allergen attached to the plaque. After carrying out the procedure of washing the unspecifically bound antibodies, the detection of the allergen bound IgE is carried out by means of an anti-IgE-Peroxidase conjugate. The development is carried out by the addition of a chromogenic substrate.
- the color intensity resulting from the enzymatic reaction is quantified by an ELISA plate reader.
- the interpretation of the test results is carried out using the straight line statistical method. parallel.
- Inhibition curves for Reference and samples are constructed separately.
- a linear regression of the Absorbance vs Inhibition values is carried out, checking the parallelism of each sample with the Reference.
- the relative power is calculated as the antilogarithm of the horizontal distance between the parallel lines.
- mice were treated intramuscularly with two immunizations in the weeks: 0 and 2 (short scheme) or 0 and 4 (long scheme) with Allergen (Al) + Alumina (A) in concentrations of 1 or 5 ⁇ g / mouse of allergen.
- Allergen (Al) + Alumina (A) in concentrations of 1 or 5 ⁇ g / mouse of allergen.
- the animals were bled at week 0, 2 and 5, and in the long at weeks 0, 4 and 7.
- the level of total IgE in the sera mixtures was determined by ELISA.
- the short scheme induces a significantly lower total IgE response than the long scheme.
- the lowest concentration, 1 ⁇ g of allergen did not induce total IgE response in any of the schemes. Therefore, the following experiments were performed with the short scheme and with concentrations of about 1 ⁇ g / mouse.
- Balb / c mice were treated intramuscularly with two immunizations at week 0 and 2 and were bleeding at week 0 and 4.
- Group I received proteollposome + polysaccharide from N. meningitidis of serogroup C + AI (OH) 3 .
- Groups II, III and IV received AI (OH) 3 + allergen with an allergen concentration of 0.5; 1, 25 or 2.5 ⁇ g / mouse / dose, respectively.
- the level of total IgE in the sera mixtures was determined by ELISA. As can be seen in Fig. 2, the total IgE did not rise significantly in any of the groups evaluated.
- Example 5 Absence of the effect of the incorporation of the allergen on the anti-proteoliposome response and modulation of the subclass response of anti-allergen IgG.
- Balb / c mice were treated intramuscularly with immunizations at week 0 and 2.
- Group I received proteoliposome + polysaccharide from N. meningitidis of the serogroup C + Al (OH) 3 (Va).
- Groups II, III and IV received 0.5; 1, 25 and 2.5 ⁇ g of Allergen + Va per mouse.
- Fig. 3 shows the high titers of anti-proteoliposome IgG detected and surprisingly the non-involvement of the incorporation of the allergen in this response or in the subclasses of stimulated anti-Proteoliposome IgG (Fig. 4).
- the high titers of lgG2a are the expression of the preferential Th1 response induced by this adjuvant.
- Example 5 Production of IFN ⁇ and non-IL-5 by spleen cells of mice immunized and challenged in vitro with proteoliposome or allergen and its correlation with IgG and subclasses of anti-allergen-induced IgG: proteoliposome + C + polysaccharide AI (OH) 3 compared to AI (OH) 3 .
- mice were immunized with two doses at weeks 0 and 2.
- Group I received proteoliposome + polysaccharide from N. meningitidis serogroup C + AI (OH) 3 (Va).
- Groups II, III and IV received 0.5; 1, 25 and 2.5 ⁇ g of Allergen + Va per mouse.
- Group V received an initial dose with Va and another 0.5 ⁇ g of Allergen + Va.
- the animals were sacrificed 7 days after the last dose, their spleen was processed by routine techniques and the cells were confronted with a propoliposome or allergen.
- the supernatants were extracted and processed by ELISA for the determination of IFN- ⁇ and IL-5.
- the proteoliposome induced the production of IFN- ⁇ in all groups, in correspondence with the Th1 pattern induced by this adjuvant.
- IFN- ⁇ production was enhanced both in two doses and when a previous dose of Va and one with Allergen was used (Fig. 6).
- the allergen also induced an IFN- ⁇ response at all concentrations used, although unexpectedly, it was higher in the concentration of 0.5 ⁇ g with both doses and a dose and a previous Va (Fig. 7). No response of IL-5 was detected against the proteoliposome or the allergen.
- the highest response of anti-allergen IgG was with the highest concentration with both adjuvants (Fig. 8).
- the predominant anti-allergen IgG subclass was lgG1 in all combinations and adjuvants.
- lgG2a was stimulated in all combinations with Va and were slightly positive with AI (OH) 3 only with the two highest concentrations (2.5 and 1.25 ⁇ g).
- AI AI
- the biggest difference of the anti-allergen IgG2a, between the two adjuvants was found with the lowest concentration (0.5 ⁇ g), where it is negative with the adjuvant AI (OH) 3 and positive with Va ( Fig. 9).
- Example 7 Determination of the induction of anti-allergen IgE, its functionality and modulation in the vaccine preparation.
- Balb / c mice were immunized with two doses at weeks 0 and 2.
- Group I received AL (OH) 3 .
- Group II received proteoliposome + polysaccharide C + AI (OH) 3 (Va).
- Groups III and IV received 1 and 5 ⁇ g of allergen + AL (OH) 3 , respectively.
- Groups V and VI they received 0.5; 1, 25 and 2.5 ⁇ g of allergen + Va.
- the animals were bled at 0, 15 and 35 days after immunization.
- the IgE response was evaluated in male Wistar rats by the qualitative and semiquantitative passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) method. The responses were expressed in time and serum dilution that was positive and in densities of the spots.
- PCA passive cutaneous anaphylaxis
- the responses were negative.
- group III response was observed at 35 days, with an intensity of 10660 and detectable up to a dilution of 1: 16.
- Group IV was positive from the first dose (15 days) with an Intensity of 9345 and detectable until the dilution of 1: 8.
- a potent response was observed with 39843 intensity and detectable until the dilution of 1: 32.
- the anti-allergen IgE responses were much lower, only detectable at day 35, with low intensities and always detectable at lower dilutions.
- Example No. 8 Covalent binding of the allergen to the Proteoliposome.
- Covalent binding by chemical conjugation can be carried out by any of the known methods, such as those described in US Patent 4,695,694 and in USSN Patent Applications 362,179; 555,558; 555,974; 555,966 and 555,339.
- Preferred methods employ homobifunctional reagents such as Glutaraldehyde or Succinic Anhydride, achieving binding through the free amino groups, both of the allergen and of the proteoliposome (in particular the amino groups of the Lysines).
- Heterobifunctional reagents are also used, preferably N-Hydroxysuccinimide-Maleimide esters (such as MBS, MPS, SMPB, GMBS, EMCS).
- the reaction in this case is first carried out through the binding of the spacer to the Proteoliposome by the free amlnes groups present therein, and then the binding of the Malelmido group to the free Sulfydryl groups present in the allergen.
- the conjugation of the purified allergen of Dermatophagoides siboney to the proteoliposome is exposed using the Glutaraldehyde method and the immune response obtained in mice with the preparation.
- the purified allergenic proteins according to Example 1 were mixed at a concentration of 20 ⁇ g / mL with 200 ⁇ g / mL Proteoliposome in Phosphate Buffered Saline solution pH 7.0 (PBS); equal volume of Glutaraldehyde 0.4% was added; It was stirred for 1 hour and the reaction was stopped with 0.25 mol / L of Glycine (final concentration). Then it was adjusted pH at 7.0 - 7.8. Unbound Glutaraldehyde was removed by gel filtration on a Sephadex G25 column.
- the preparation was passed through a chromatographic column with Sephacryl S-300 with the previous addition of sodium deoxycholate detergent to a final concentration of 1%, collecting the first peak corresponding to the volume of exclusion of the matrix. Subsequently, the detergent was removed by dialysis using PBS. The preparation obtained was concentrated 10 times by Ultrafiltration (Amicon, USA) with a 10,000 KD membrane as the cut-off value.
- the content of Der s 1 in the conjugate was determined using a sandwich ELISA with monoclonal antibodies specific to said allergen and the concentration was adjusted, by dilution with PBS to an appropriate value for the adjuvation process: 10 ⁇ g / mL. Finally, the preparation was sterilized by 0.2 ⁇ m membrane filtration.
- Adjuvation Equal amounts of Aluminum Hydroxide at 1.2 mg / mL and sterile Allergen solution were mixed at 10 ⁇ g / mL of Der s 1, both in PBS solution at pH 7.0. The mixture was stirred slightly for 30 min at 200 rpm.
- the total IgE response was lower for the variant containing the conjugate not adjuvant in Aluminum Hydroxide. Also the results of the PCA (specific IgE ) demonstrated that this variant did not induce a detectable response (greater than the Negative Control), while the free allergen and the adjuvant conjugate in Aluminum did induce detectable responses to dilutions 1: 1 and 1: 10, respectively.
- the formulation of different allergens in the same vaccine preparation can be carried out both non-covalently, by mixing or adsorption on the Aluminum Hydroxide gel, and covalently, according to Example 8.
- each allergen it is conjugated separately to the proteoliposome and formulated together by mixing or adsorption on Aluminum Hydroxide
- the allergens of said mites are prepared separately according to Example 1.
- Blomia the complete, lyophilized, unfractionated allergenic extract is used.
- the content of major allergens Der p 1, Der s 1 and Blo t 5 is determined using ELISA assays with specific monoclonal antibodies.
- Total allergenic activity is determined by human IgE inhibition ELISA, as described in Example 3.
- Lyophilized allergens are resuspended in PBS pH 7.0 at a concentration of 20 ⁇ g / mL of Der p 1 and Der s1 and at 10 ⁇ g / ml of Blo t 5 and sterilized by 0.2 ⁇ m membrane filtration. Allergenic activity thereof is 4000 UB / mL.
- Proteoliposome was added to each allergen separately to a final concentration of 200 ⁇ g / mL and homogenized for 30 min with slow stirring at 150 rpm. Finally, equal amounts of -Aluminium Hydroxide were mixed at 2 mg / mL and the Allergen solutions with Proteoliposome separately, in PBS solution at a pH of 7.0. The mixture was stirred slowly for 60 min at 150 rpm. Adsorption of the proteins to the Aluminum gel was checked by monitoring the absorbance at 280 nm of the suspension supernatant. Finally the three were mixed Individual allergen preparations in a single suspension, with slow agitation for 10 minutes.
- Figure 1 shows that the short scheme (0-14 days) is less inducer of total IgE than long scheme (0-28 days). Bleeding 0, 15 and 35 in short scheme and 0, 28 and 35 days after immunization in long scheme. Va, Proteollposoma + Polysaccharide of Neisseria meningitidis serogroup C + Al (OH) 3 ; A, allergen; Al, Al (OH) 3 ; 1 and 5, ⁇ g of A / mouse. As can be seen, the IgE response is significantly higher (p ⁇ 0.5) in the Immunized group with 5 ⁇ g of long scheme than that of short scheme although it needs two doses. In fact, the secondary response in the group with equal concentration of the short scheme tends to decrease.
- Figure 2 It is observed that the allergen concentration is less inducing total IgE. Bleeding 0, 15 and 35 days after immunization. Va, Proteoliposome + Polysaccharide of Neisseria meningitidis serogroup C + Al (OH) 3 ; A, allergen; Al, Al (OH) 3 ; 0.5; 1, 25 and 2.5, ⁇ g of A / mouse. As can be seen the induction of total IgE by the concentration of 0.5 ⁇ g of allergen is at the control level with only adjuvant (Va). The other two concentrations increase total IgE levels.
- Figure 3 Shows how Allergen Inclusion does not affect the anti-proteoliposome IgG (PLS) response.
- PLS anti-proteoliposome IgG
- Figure 5 Shows anti-allergen lgG2a induced by low allergen concentrations. Bleeding 0, 15 and 35 days after immunization. Va, Proteoliposome (P) + Neisseria meningitidis serogroup C + Al (OH) 3 Polysaccharide; A, allergen; Al, Al (OH) 3 ; 0.5; 1, 25 and 2.5, ⁇ g of A / mouse. Fig. A, with polysaccharide and Fig. B without polysaccharide. The two lower concentrations of allergen induce anti-allergen lgG2a response.
- Figure 6 It refers to the determination of IFN ⁇ against proteoliposome (PLS).
- Spleen cells were taken 7 days after two doses (0 and 2 weeks) of immunization, respectively.
- Va Proteoliposome + Polysaccharide of Neisseria meningitidis serogroup C + Al (OH) 3 ; A, allergen; Al, Al (OH) 3 ; 0.5; 1, 25 and 2.5, ⁇ g of A / mouse; 1Va + Va-A0.5, previous dose of Va.
- the inclusion of the lower allergen concentration increases the IFN ⁇ response against the PLS with respect to the control (Va).
- Figure 7 Shows the production of IFN ⁇ against the allergen and not affecting a previous dose of the adjuvant.
- Spleen cells were taken 7 days after two immunization doses at 0 and 2 weeks, respectively.
- Va Proteoliposome (P) + Neisseria meningitidis serogroup C + Al (OH) 3 Polysaccharide; A, allergen; Al, Al (OH) 3 ; 0.5; 1, 25 and 2.5, ⁇ g of A / mouse; 1Va + Va-A0.5, previous dose of Va.
- Fig. A with polysaccharide and Fig. B without polysaccharide.
- the anti-allergen IFN ⁇ response was induced by all concentrations, but it was very higher in the lowest concentration. The previous application of the adjuvant did not affect this response.
- Figure 8 It is observed how the lower doses of Allergens induce greater differences of anti-allergen IgG when comparing vaccine preparation with the alumina adjuvant. The sera were taken 14 days after the second dose. These were applied after 21 days. Va, Proteollposoma + Polysaccharide of Neisseria meningitidis serogroup C + Al (OH) 3 ; A, allergen; Al, Al (OH) 3 ; 0.5; 1, 25 and 2.5, ⁇ g of A / mouse. As can be seen, the lower doses (0.5 and 1,125) induce greater increases in the anti-allergen IgG response than the higher dose.
- Figure 9 Refers to the induction of lgG2a anti-allergen.
- Figure 10 Shows the reduction of anti-allergen IgE in the vaccine preparation (Group V to Vil) compared to positive controls (Groups III and IV) evaluated by passive cutaneous anaphylaxis.
- A Allergen; Va, VA-MENGOC-BC ® and Al, AL (OH) 3 .
- the sera were evaluated before To, after 1 ra, T15 and 14 days after 2nd dose, T35.
- the responses in the vaccine groups (V-VII) are lower than in the groups immunized with alumina allergen (III and IV). No response was observed in the negative controls (I and II).
- - absent; +, present;
- A Allergen; Va, Proteoliposome + pollsaccharide C of N. meningitidis + Alumina (Al).
- FIG 11 Antibody response to allergen formulations covalently bound (conjugated) to Proteoliposome.
- the mice were immunized with 2 doses of 5 ⁇ g of Der s 1, in different variants: Ds (free allergen); Ds-PLS (conjugated with Proteoliposome); [Ds-PLS] Alum (Conjugate adjuvant in Aluminum Hydroxide.
- Ds free allergen
- Ds-PLS conjuggated with Proteoliposome
- [Ds-PLS] Alum Conjugate adjuvant in Aluminum Hydroxide.
- the response was evaluated at week 8 after the first immunization. Vertical bars indicate the standard deviation.
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AU2003229258A AU2003229258A1 (en) | 2002-05-08 | 2003-05-08 | Allergy vaccine composition, production method thereof and use of same in allergy treatment |
US10/513,493 US7648709B2 (en) | 2002-05-08 | 2003-05-08 | Allergy vaccine composition, production method thereof and use of same in allergy treatment |
MXPA04011070A MXPA04011070A (es) | 2002-05-08 | 2003-05-08 | Composicion vacunal contra las alergias, metodo para su obtencion y empleo en el tratamiento de las mismas. |
KR1020047017881A KR101058350B1 (ko) | 2002-05-08 | 2003-05-08 | 알러지 백신 조성물, 그 생산방법 및 알러지 치료에있어서의 그것의 사용 |
EP03724819A EP1520587B1 (en) | 2002-05-08 | 2003-05-08 | Allergy vaccine composition, production method thereof and use of same in allergy treatment |
AT03724819T ATE514431T1 (de) | 2002-05-08 | 2003-05-08 | Allergie-vakzine-zusammensetzung, herstellungsverfahren dafür und ihre verwendung bei der behandlung von allergien |
DK03724819.2T DK1520587T3 (da) | 2002-05-08 | 2003-05-08 | Allergivaccinesammensætning, fremgangsmåde til fremstilling deraf og anvendelse deraf til allergibehandling |
BRPI0309901-6A BR0309901A (pt) | 2002-05-08 | 2003-05-08 | composição de vacina para alergia, método de produção e uso da mesma no tratamento de alergia |
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CU20020091A CU22983A1 (es) | 2002-05-08 | 2002-05-08 | Composición vacunal contra las alergias y método para su obtención y empleo en el tratamiento de las mismas |
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Cited By (6)
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---|---|---|---|---|
WO2005063287A1 (es) * | 2003-12-30 | 2005-07-14 | Instituto Finlay. Centro De Investigación-Producción De Sueros Y Vacunas | Proteoliposomas y sus derivados como adyuvantes inductores de respuesta citotóxica y las formulaciones resultantes |
WO2010057447A1 (es) | 2008-11-19 | 2010-05-27 | Instituto Finlay Centro De Investigacion Produccion De Sueros Y Vacunas | Vacunas unitemporales |
WO2011137876A2 (es) | 2010-05-05 | 2011-11-10 | Instituto Finlay. Centro De Investigación - Producción De Sueros Y Vacunas | Tolerogenos adyuvados como vacuna de malaria |
US8298547B2 (en) * | 2008-12-09 | 2012-10-30 | Pfizer Vaccines, LLC | IgE CH3 peptide vaccine |
WO2013064129A1 (es) | 2011-11-02 | 2013-05-10 | Instituto Finlay. Centro De Investigación- Producción De Sueros Y Vacunas. | Adjuvantes para vacunas polisacaridicas y las formulaciones resultantes |
EP2689775A1 (en) | 2012-07-25 | 2014-01-29 | Instituto Finlay, Centro de Investigacion-Produccion de vacunas y sueros | Cochleate with only one mamp |
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EP1872792A1 (en) * | 2006-06-29 | 2008-01-02 | Biotech Tools S.A. | A method for the production of hydrolyzed allergen |
CN110064053A (zh) * | 2006-08-07 | 2019-07-30 | 哈佛大学校长及研究员协会 | 蛋白质基质疫苗及这种疫苗的制备和给药方法 |
EP2042193A1 (en) * | 2007-09-28 | 2009-04-01 | Biomay AG | RNA Vaccines |
US20100278880A1 (en) * | 2008-01-02 | 2010-11-04 | Biotech Tools S.A. | Pharmaceutical formulation for allergen preparation |
CN101972472A (zh) * | 2010-10-26 | 2011-02-16 | 北京新华联协和药业有限责任公司 | 一种变应原疫苗纯化及其制备的方法 |
EP3831401A4 (en) * | 2018-06-22 | 2022-04-20 | Zonhon Biopharma Institute, Inc. | DRUG BLEND BASED ON RECOMBINANT ALLERGEN PROTEINS OF MITES AND THE USE OF THEREOF |
CN112023062A (zh) * | 2020-09-18 | 2020-12-04 | 北京基因安科技有限公司 | 一个用可溶性IgE受体抑制过敏反应的方法 |
IT202200011459A1 (it) * | 2022-05-31 | 2023-12-01 | Anallergo S P A | Uso della ultrafiltrazione per la produzione di estratti allergenici purificati |
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- 2003-05-08 US US10/513,493 patent/US7648709B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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- 2003-05-08 DK DK03724819.2T patent/DK1520587T3/da active
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- 2003-05-08 AU AU2003229258A patent/AU2003229258A1/en not_active Abandoned
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Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2005063287A1 (es) * | 2003-12-30 | 2005-07-14 | Instituto Finlay. Centro De Investigación-Producción De Sueros Y Vacunas | Proteoliposomas y sus derivados como adyuvantes inductores de respuesta citotóxica y las formulaciones resultantes |
ES2301418A1 (es) * | 2003-12-30 | 2008-06-16 | Instituto Finlay. Centro De Investigacion-Producci | Proteoliposomas y sus derivados como adyuvantes inductores de respuesta citotoxica y las formulaciones resultantes. |
WO2010057447A1 (es) | 2008-11-19 | 2010-05-27 | Instituto Finlay Centro De Investigacion Produccion De Sueros Y Vacunas | Vacunas unitemporales |
US8298547B2 (en) * | 2008-12-09 | 2012-10-30 | Pfizer Vaccines, LLC | IgE CH3 peptide vaccine |
US9216229B2 (en) | 2008-12-09 | 2015-12-22 | Pfizer Vaccines Llc | IgE CH3 peptide vaccine |
WO2011137876A2 (es) | 2010-05-05 | 2011-11-10 | Instituto Finlay. Centro De Investigación - Producción De Sueros Y Vacunas | Tolerogenos adyuvados como vacuna de malaria |
WO2013064129A1 (es) | 2011-11-02 | 2013-05-10 | Instituto Finlay. Centro De Investigación- Producción De Sueros Y Vacunas. | Adjuvantes para vacunas polisacaridicas y las formulaciones resultantes |
EP2689775A1 (en) | 2012-07-25 | 2014-01-29 | Instituto Finlay, Centro de Investigacion-Produccion de vacunas y sueros | Cochleate with only one mamp |
Also Published As
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AR039982A1 (es) | 2005-03-09 |
PT1520587E (pt) | 2011-09-27 |
CN1658900A (zh) | 2005-08-24 |
CN100540052C (zh) | 2009-09-16 |
ATE514431T1 (de) | 2011-07-15 |
DK1520587T3 (da) | 2011-10-17 |
EP1520587B1 (en) | 2011-06-29 |
BR0309901A (pt) | 2008-08-12 |
KR101058350B1 (ko) | 2011-08-22 |
US20060110435A1 (en) | 2006-05-25 |
MXPA04011070A (es) | 2005-07-14 |
AU2003229258A1 (en) | 2003-11-11 |
KR20050025175A (ko) | 2005-03-11 |
US7648709B2 (en) | 2010-01-19 |
CU22983A1 (es) | 2004-09-09 |
EP1520587A1 (en) | 2005-04-06 |
AU2003229258A8 (en) | 2003-11-11 |
MY146106A (en) | 2012-06-29 |
ES2368731T3 (es) | 2011-11-21 |
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