WO2003091822A2 - Verfahren zur herstellung von nitriden und anwendungen als fluoreszenzmarker und leuchtdiode - Google Patents
Verfahren zur herstellung von nitriden und anwendungen als fluoreszenzmarker und leuchtdiode Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2003091822A2 WO2003091822A2 PCT/EP2003/004195 EP0304195W WO03091822A2 WO 2003091822 A2 WO2003091822 A2 WO 2003091822A2 EP 0304195 W EP0304195 W EP 0304195W WO 03091822 A2 WO03091822 A2 WO 03091822A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- compounds
- nitrides
- branched
- alkyl
- linear
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/22—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the deposition of inorganic material, other than metallic material
- C23C16/30—Deposition of compounds, mixtures or solid solutions, e.g. borides, carbides, nitrides
- C23C16/301—AIII BV compounds, where A is Al, Ga, In or Tl and B is N, P, As, Sb or Bi
- C23C16/303—Nitrides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B21/00—Nitrogen; Compounds thereof
- C01B21/06—Binary compounds of nitrogen with metals, with silicon, or with boron, or with carbon, i.e. nitrides; Compounds of nitrogen with more than one metal, silicon or boron
- C01B21/0602—Binary compounds of nitrogen with metals, with silicon, or with boron, or with carbon, i.e. nitrides; Compounds of nitrogen with more than one metal, silicon or boron with two or more other elements chosen from metals, silicon or boron
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B21/00—Nitrogen; Compounds thereof
- C01B21/06—Binary compounds of nitrogen with metals, with silicon, or with boron, or with carbon, i.e. nitrides; Compounds of nitrogen with more than one metal, silicon or boron
- C01B21/0632—Binary compounds of nitrogen with metals, with silicon, or with boron, or with carbon, i.e. nitrides; Compounds of nitrogen with more than one metal, silicon or boron with gallium, indium or thallium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B25/00—Single-crystal growth by chemical reaction of reactive gases, e.g. chemical vapour-deposition growth
- C30B25/02—Epitaxial-layer growth
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B29/00—Single crystals or homogeneous polycrystalline material with defined structure characterised by the material or by their shape
- C30B29/10—Inorganic compounds or compositions
- C30B29/40—AIIIBV compounds wherein A is B, Al, Ga, In or Tl and B is N, P, As, Sb or Bi
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02365—Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
- H01L21/02518—Deposited layers
- H01L21/02521—Materials
- H01L21/02538—Group 13/15 materials
- H01L21/0254—Nitrides
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02365—Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
- H01L21/02518—Deposited layers
- H01L21/02587—Structure
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02365—Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
- H01L21/02612—Formation types
- H01L21/02617—Deposition types
- H01L21/0262—Reduction or decomposition of gaseous compounds, e.g. CVD
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a process for the preparation of nitrides of the formula Ga ⁇ _ x In x N, where 0.01 ⁇ x ⁇ 1, and the use of the end products of the process.
- InN and GaN are semiconductors with a direct band gap of 1.9 eV (InN) and 3.4 eV (GaN) in the hexagonal (wurtzite) crystal structure. Both compounds show efficient (photo) luminescence corresponding to this direct band gap (after irradiation with sufficient energy h * v> E gap ).
- GaN and ln (x) Ga (y) N layers are often also produced by MOCVD (metalorganic chemical vapor deposition) processes (cf. H. Morkoc, "Nitride Semiconducters and Devices", Springer Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, 1999 ).
- MOCVD metalorganic chemical vapor deposition
- all known thin-film processes are very complex. They require very high temperatures, a large excess of the starting materials (for example, GaEt 3 or InEt 3 are reacted with an approx. 1000-fold molar excess of NH 3 in the MOCVD process).
- the growth of even layers is also problematic. There is no substrate that can withstand the required high temperatures (around 1000 ° C) and at the same time has appropriate lattice parameters. So homoepitaxial deposition is not possible.
- buffer layers heteroepitaxial growth on substrates which have lattice parameters that differ from the nitride is possible with great effort. However, lattice defects easily develop here.
- Nanocrystalline powders are not accessible with the methods described.
- a first object of the present invention is therefore a process for the preparation of nitrides of the formula Ga ⁇ . x ln x N, where 0.01 ⁇ x ⁇ 1, which is characterized in that one or more compounds of the general formula M (NR 2 ) 3, where all R independently of one another are H, linear or branched -C- Alkyl or -SiR x 2 , with R * being linear or branched -Cia-alkyl, and M represents Ga, In or Ga ⁇ . x ln x , are reacted with ammonia, the one or more compounds M (NR 2 ) 3 being selected such that the ratio 1-x Ga to x In is also given in these compounds.
- x ln x N where 0.01 ⁇ x ⁇ 1, is preferably a highly crystalline powder which is preferably obtained in the form of phase-pure mixed crystals for x ⁇ 1.
- Mixed crystals are preferably obtained in which x ⁇ 0.99, preferably x ⁇ 0.90 or 0.05 ⁇ x, preferably 0.10 ⁇ x.
- pure InN is produced.
- the nitrides In particular for the applications described, it is necessary for the nitrides to be present in their hexagonal modification (wurtzite structure). While the known deposition processes often also provide the cubic zinc blende form, the process according to the invention can be used to obtain the hexagonal modification of the nitrides in single phase.
- the nitrides according to the invention can contain impurities. In view of the optical and electronic applications in particular, however, it is preferred if the proportion of impurities is as low as possible. In particular, it is preferred if the proportion of impurities is less than 1% by weight.
- the main impurities are oxides and imides or -O- or -NH- functions as impurities in the nitride crystal lattice.
- the main impurities are oxides and imides or -O- or -NH- functions as impurities in the nitride crystal lattice.
- protective gases preferably argon, and purifying the reagents and auxiliaries used are known to the person skilled in the art.
- precursors are compounds M (NR 2 ) 3, where all R independently of one another are H, linear or branched -C 8 alkyl or -SiR x 2 , with R x being linear or branched cis-alkyl, and M stands for Ga, In or Ga ⁇ x ln x used.
- R are H, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, tertiary butyl and trimethylsilyl.
- Particularly preferred compounds M (NR 2 ) 3 are selected from the compounds M (NH t Bu) 3 , M (N (CH 3 ) 2 ) 3 , M (N (C 2 H 5 ) 2 ) 3 and M (N (Si (CH 3 ) 3 ) 2 ) 3rd According to the invention, the compounds M (NR 2 ) 3 can be defined, crystalline compounds.
- Examples of such defined compounds are ln (NH t Bu) 3 , which crystallizes in the form of a tetrameric Kuban cage according to the thesis Grabowy "Synthesis and structure of new gallium and indium nitrogen compounds", University of Halle, 2001 and Ga (NH t Bu) 3 or [Ga (NMe 2 ) 3 ] 2, which form dimers with a four-membered ring in which gallium is connected to gallium via nitrogen (cf. Nöth et al. Z. Naturforsch. 1975, 30b, 681 ).
- these “compounds” can, according to the invention, also be poorly defined mixtures of reaction products of the halide mixtures or mixed crystals of gallium and indium with corresponding amides.
- the precursors are preferably produced in an upstream reaction step by reacting corresponding indium and gallium halides with compounds of the general formula LiNR 2 (hereinafter also called lithium amide), where all R independently of one another are H, linear or branched -C 1. 8 alkyl or -SiR x 2 , with R x is linear or branched -C ⁇ _ 8 alkyl.
- the indium and gallium halides are preferably chlorides, bromides, iodides or mixtures thereof, particularly preferably chlorides.
- the reaction of the halide or halides with the lithium amide is preferably carried out in an inert solvent, the lithium amide being slowly added to a solution or suspension of the halides.
- Conventional aprotic solvents are suitable as solvents for this reaction.
- diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, benzene, toluene, acetonitrile, dimethoxyethane, dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide and N-methyl-pyrrolidone can be used.
- the reaction product can then be separated from the lithium halide by-product either by washing or by extraction with a suitable solvent.
- M in M (NR 2 ) 3 stands for ln x Ga- ⁇ _ x with x ⁇ 1
- the halides for reaction with the lithium amide are preferably used in the molar ratio x In to 1-x Ga which is present in the precursor and also in the resulting nitride should be adjusted.
- only one compound M (NR 2 ) 3 is used to produce the nitride, all R having the meaning given above and M representing Ga ⁇ _ x ln x and the compound M (NR 2 ) 3 being preferably produced by reacting one Mixture of 1-x parts of gallium halide and x parts of indium halide with the corresponding lithium amide.
- At least one compound Ga (NR 2 ) 3 and at least one compound In (NR 2 ) 3 are used, where all R independently of one another have the meaning given above.
- the gallium and indium amides are prepared separately and then mixed with ammonia according to the desired ratio of gallium to indium before the reaction.
- the one or more compounds of the general formula M (NR 2 ) 3 are reacted with ammonia.
- the reaction can take place in an ammonia atmosphere or in an ammonia stream.
- the reaction with ammonia is preferably carried out essentially at a temperature in the range from 200 ° C. to 1000 ° C. This essentially means that it is also preferred according to the invention if the reaction is started with ammonia at room temperature and continued at an elevated temperature. In practice, this means that the precursors are heated in the ammonia stream in this preferred variant of the invention. However, it is assumed that the actual formation of the nitrides only takes place at the elevated temperature.
- the reaction preferably takes place at temperatures in the range from 400 ° C. to 600 ° C.
- the In x Ga ⁇ _ x N-Kris-allites according to the invention should have a reproducibly adjustable, narrow-band and stable photoluminescence. This requires highly crystalline, phase-pure mixed crystals, which are also present in the crystal domains as homogeneous mixed crystals of an exact composition. It has been shown that the nitrides that can be produced according to the invention meet these requirements. Another object of the present invention is therefore the use of the process end products according to the invention as fluorescent markers.
- the mixed crystals produced according to the invention are integrated into the luminous element of an intensely luminous LED.
- the electroluminescent, short-wave light radiation from the LED stimulates the mixed crystals for photoluminescence.
- the light that the LED then emits is made up of the electroluminescent light of the LED and the photoluminescent light of the mixed crystal.
- Another object of the present invention is therefore a light emitting diode which contains at least one process end product according to the invention.
- the electroluminescent polymer stimulates the mixed crystal nitride to photoluminescence in a radiation-free transition. The narrow-band luminescence of the nitride is perceived by the direct band gap of the semiconductor, the intensity of the OLED can also be increased.
- Example 1b In (N (CH 3 ) 2 ) 3 is obtained from InCl 3 and LiN (CH 3 ) 2 analogously to Example 1a. Ga (NH t Bu) 3 and Ga (NMe 2 ) 3 are also obtained from GaCl 3 analogously to Example 1a. Since these compounds are more soluble in toluene, the extraction can be replaced by simply dissolving and filtering off.
- Example 2 Production of In x Ga ⁇ - x N by ammonolysis of the precursors from Example 1
- the two precursors ln (N (CH 3 ) 2 ) 3 and Ga (NMe 2 ) 3 are intimately mixed in the desired molar ratio x In to 1-x Ga and then reacted in a Schlenk tube with a filler neck in an ammonia stream.
- Ammonia is first passed over the mixture at room temperature for 10 h, then the mixture is heated to 500 ° C. (heating rate: 100 ° C./h) and the temperature is maintained for 2 h. After cooling in a stream of argon, finely crystalline In x Ga ⁇ - x N is obtained.
- the implementation can also take place starting from the other precursors.
- x ln (NR 2) 3 reacted (2 NR) 3 with 1-x Ga, wherein all R may be identical or different.
- Example 4 Production of In x Ga ⁇ - ⁇ N by ammonolysis of the precursor from Example 3
- Example 3 The product from Example 3 is reacted in a flow tube in an ammonia stream. Ammonia is first passed over the mixture at room temperature for 10 h, then the mixture is heated to 500 ° C. (heating rate: 100 ° C./h) and the temperature is maintained for 2 h. After cooling in a stream of argon, finely crystalline ln x Ga ⁇ _ x N is obtained.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
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- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU2003233045A AU2003233045A1 (en) | 2002-04-24 | 2003-04-23 | Method for producing nitrides and uses thereof as fluorescent markers and light-emitting diodes |
KR10-2004-7017015A KR20040111545A (ko) | 2002-04-24 | 2003-04-23 | 질화물의 제조 방법 |
JP2004500134A JP2005523865A (ja) | 2002-04-24 | 2003-04-23 | 窒化物の製造方法 |
US10/512,554 US20050220694A1 (en) | 2002-04-24 | 2003-04-23 | Method for producing nitrides |
EP03727340A EP1497226A2 (de) | 2002-04-24 | 2003-04-23 | Verfahren zur herstellung von nitriden und anwendungen als fluoreszenzmarker und leuchtdiode |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10218409.7 | 2002-04-24 | ||
DE10218409A DE10218409A1 (de) | 2002-04-24 | 2002-04-24 | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Nitriden |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2003091822A2 true WO2003091822A2 (de) | 2003-11-06 |
WO2003091822A3 WO2003091822A3 (de) | 2004-02-19 |
Family
ID=28798769
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2003/004195 WO2003091822A2 (de) | 2002-04-24 | 2003-04-23 | Verfahren zur herstellung von nitriden und anwendungen als fluoreszenzmarker und leuchtdiode |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20050220694A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1497226A2 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2005523865A (de) |
KR (1) | KR20040111545A (de) |
CN (1) | CN1646422A (de) |
AU (1) | AU2003233045A1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE10218409A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2003091822A2 (de) |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20070034858A1 (en) * | 2005-08-11 | 2007-02-15 | Hock Ng | Light-emitting diodes with quantum dots |
JPWO2007023722A1 (ja) * | 2005-08-25 | 2009-02-26 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | GaxIn1−xN(0≦x≦1)結晶の製造方法、GaxIn1−xN(0≦x≦1)結晶基板、GaN結晶の製造方法、GaN結晶基板および製品 |
GB2467162A (en) | 2009-01-26 | 2010-07-28 | Sharp Kk | Fabrication of nitride nanoparticles |
GB2467161A (en) | 2009-01-26 | 2010-07-28 | Sharp Kk | Nitride nanoparticles |
JP7144154B2 (ja) * | 2017-02-28 | 2022-09-29 | 株式会社アルバック | 金属窒化物ナノ粒子分散液の製造方法 |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6177057B1 (en) * | 1999-02-09 | 2001-01-23 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Process for preparing bulk cubic gallium nitride |
US6337035B1 (en) * | 1998-03-25 | 2002-01-08 | Futaba Denshi Kogyo K.K. | Phosphor and method for producing same |
-
2002
- 2002-04-24 DE DE10218409A patent/DE10218409A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2003
- 2003-04-23 KR KR10-2004-7017015A patent/KR20040111545A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2003-04-23 CN CN03809114.3A patent/CN1646422A/zh active Pending
- 2003-04-23 EP EP03727340A patent/EP1497226A2/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2003-04-23 WO PCT/EP2003/004195 patent/WO2003091822A2/de not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2003-04-23 JP JP2004500134A patent/JP2005523865A/ja active Pending
- 2003-04-23 US US10/512,554 patent/US20050220694A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-04-23 AU AU2003233045A patent/AU2003233045A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6337035B1 (en) * | 1998-03-25 | 2002-01-08 | Futaba Denshi Kogyo K.K. | Phosphor and method for producing same |
US6177057B1 (en) * | 1999-02-09 | 2001-01-23 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Process for preparing bulk cubic gallium nitride |
Non-Patent Citations (4)
Title |
---|
A.P. PURDY: "Indium(III) Amides and Nitrides" INORGANIC CHEMISTRY, Bd. 33, 1994, Seiten 282-286, XP001170392 * |
JANIK J F ET AL: "GALLIUM IMIDE, (GA(NH)3/2)N, A NEW POLYMERIC PRECURSOR FOR GALLIUM NITRIDE POWDERS" CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS, AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY, WASHINGTON, US, Bd. 8, Nr. 12, 1. Dezember 1996 (1996-12-01), Seiten 2708-2711, XP000683957 ISSN: 0897-4756 * |
JANIK J F ET AL: "NANOCRYSTALLINE ALUMINUM NITRIDE AND ALUMINUM/GALLIUM NITRIDE NANOCOMPOSITES VIA TRANSAMINATION OF ÄM(NMe2)3Ü2, M = Al/GA (1/1)" CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS, AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY, WASHINGTON, US, Bd. 10, Nr. 6, 1. Juni 1998 (1998-06-01), Seiten 1613-1622, XP000755636 ISSN: 0897-4756 * |
K. OSAMURA ET AL.: "Preparation and optical properties of Ga1-xInxN thin films" JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS, Bd. 46, Nr. 8, 1975, Seiten 3432-3437, XP001172445 in der Anmeldung erw{hnt * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20050220694A1 (en) | 2005-10-06 |
WO2003091822A3 (de) | 2004-02-19 |
DE10218409A1 (de) | 2003-11-06 |
AU2003233045A8 (en) | 2003-11-10 |
AU2003233045A1 (en) | 2003-11-10 |
EP1497226A2 (de) | 2005-01-19 |
JP2005523865A (ja) | 2005-08-11 |
KR20040111545A (ko) | 2004-12-31 |
CN1646422A (zh) | 2005-07-27 |
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