Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L5/00—Solid fuels
  • C10L5/40—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin
  • C10L5/44—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin on vegetable substances
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L5/00—Solid fuels
  • C10L5/02—Solid fuels such as briquettes consisting mainly of carbonaceous materials of mineral or non-mineral origin
  • C10L5/34—Other details of the shaped fuels, e.g. briquettes
  • C10L5/36—Shape
  • C10L5/361—Briquettes
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
  • Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
  • Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel

Definitions

• the invention relates to a fuel in the form of pressings containing vegetable material and a method for producing such a fuel.
• the fuel thus produced should be suitable for grilling for the preparation of dishes, it being known that the nature of the fuel and its fire behavior have a considerable influence on the quality of the dishes prepared.
• the invention is intended to find a way of finding an economically sensible use for the vegetable constituents which accumulate in large quantities, such as straw, hardwood particles or coconut shells.
• the fuel and its fuel gases must be safe from a food technology standpoint.
• the fuel should be easy to handle and safe. The ease of ignition of the fuel is part of the handling.
• the fuel should also be used advantageously for heating purposes.
• the fuel according to the invention is characterized in that it essentially consists of: a) straw or straw components and b) crushed hardwood and / or coconut shells, both the straw or the straw components and the hardwood or coconut shells being digested by microorganisms. Another feature is that the fuel is binder-free. Further advantageous features of the fuel can be found in the patent claims and the following description and the drawings.
• Hardwood and / or coconut shells are moistened with a microorganism suspension and left to ferment for about 2 to 4 weeks, the
• Fermentation of the straw component is carried out aerobically or anaerobically and the fermentation of the hardwood particles or coconut shell particles is carried out anaerobically and that the fermented constituents, if necessary crushed, optionally under
• Pressings is pressed.
• the pressing by dipping or spraying is preferably coated with a water-repellent, residue-free burning coating such as stearin.
• Figure 1 shows an oblique view of an embodiment of the fuel and Figures 2 and 3, the pressing and the ignition aid separately from the pressing.
• Figure 4 shows an oblique view of a further embodiment of the fuel.
• Figure 5 shows in section a third embodiment of the fuel in radial section.
• the fuel essentially consists of a squeeze containing plant material, which is composed of two components:
• straw or straw components b) crushed hardwood and / or coconut shells. Both the straw or straw components as well as the hardwood particles or coconut shell particles are broken down by fermentation before pressing.
• the straw can be practically any type of straw. With regard to the amount required for processing, hemp straw, linen straw, rye straw, rice straw and barley straw are particularly recommended.
• the straw is preferably cut to a particle size of 0.5 to 2.0 cm.
• the straw can either be processed in the way it naturally occurs, or the so-called straw shavings can be used, i.e. the rest of the straw that has been freed from the fiber content. The latter arises, for example, from those types of straw where the fiber content is a preferred raw material and the straw shavings are a cheap waste product.
• the hardwood or coconut shell particles preferably have a size of about 0.5 to 0.7 cm and are also waste products that are available at low cost.
• the hardwood particles can preferably be made from beech, oak, maple, birch, cherry, plum or eucalyptus when processing wood.
• hemp straw is particularly notable for its high calorific value and its burning behavior for the purposes according to the invention. Either unbroken straw or waste from breaking the straw can be used to produce the straw raw material.
• the vegetable raw materials mentioned are used in fermented form.
• the fermentation leads to an advantageous digestion of the constituents of the plant materials mentioned, which has an advantageous effect on the fire behavior of the fuel and on the aroma development during combustion.
• fermentation agents can be used, such as those used in the trade for composting purposes or as performance promoters in the animal feed sector. Essentially, it is a mixture of microorganisms and ferments that break down the cellulose contained in the plant material. Those used tentatively for the present invention Fermentation aids are e.g. B. commercially available under the name EM-1 from Mulitkraft Futterstoff Ges. MbH.
• the fermentation of the straw or straw components can be carried out aerobically, for example also in the field.
• the agent was dissolved in 3% aqueous solution, added to 3% cane sugar and further 1% molasses (beet or cane molasses) was added. After heating to about 65 ° C, the solution was incubated for two weeks at about 35 ° C, so that there is a corresponding increase in the number of microorganisms.
• the microorganisms include a mixture of lactic acid bacteria, yeast, photosynthetic bacteria, actinomycetes and other fungi.
• the culture solution thus obtained was applied to the straw material several times in a dilution of 1 to 100 with water for aerobic use.
• the fermentation process was completed after an exposure time of about 2 to 4 weeks.
• the straw can also be fermented anaerobically in a silo.
• the fermentation is preferably carried out anaerobically in a silo.
• the fermentation time is also up to 4 weeks.
• the fermentation solution can be dosed higher, e.g. with a dilution of 1 to 50 from the culture substrate previously obtained.
• the fermented raw products are dried, possibly comminuted, mixed in the desired ratio, for example 70% by weight of straw and 30% by weight of coconut shells, and then pressed to the desired pressings with a pressure between 700 and 900 kg / cm 2 .
• An endless press is preferably used, in which the above-mentioned high pressing pressure is generated with shock pulses (for example 200 pulses / min.) At the exit of the endless press, the corresponding pieces are cut off from the press strand.
• the individual compacts are round disks or rings with a diameter of, for example 10 cm and a pane thickness of 4 cm
• the high pressure creates a stable pressure that is mechanically strong.
• the compacts are then coated with a water-repellent, residue-free burning coating. Stearin is preferred because it burns completely and does not cause any change in taste or smell.
• the pressing is preferably provided with a hole in order to facilitate both lighting and burning.
• a hole in order to facilitate both lighting and burning.
• annular pressure is thus generated which has a central hole.
• the arrangement of the hole can also be off-center.
• the pressing is preferably provided with an ignition aid.
• the ignition aid is preferably designed in such a way that there is complete combustion without impairment of taste or smell.
• a preferred ignition aid consists of stearin as a binder and highly flammable fuel such as straw components or wood flour. A paste formed from these components can be applied hot to one of the surfaces of the compact. Another alternative is to insert the ignition aid into the hole in the compact.
• the ignition aid is preferably also provided in a ring, so that a hole remains in the fuel for the ignition, which considerably facilitates the burning.
• the hole in the center of the compact preferably has a diameter of 2 to 3 cm.
• the ignition means can also be provided with a wick for lighting.
• the ratio between the straw component and the hardwood or coconut shell component can be selected accordingly.
• An example of the mixing ratio is e.g. 70% straw and 30% hardwood and / or coconut shell.
• a variant of the ignition means consists of 25% hemp fibers and 75% hemp shavings.
• the wick can consist of twisted hemp fibers and have a thickness of 2 to 3 mm.
• an inorganic material is added to the fermented material of the compact as an additive. This is preferably a limestone granulate.
• the limestone has the advantage of storing the heat generated when the fuel burns up without cracking. The stored heat leads to prolonged glowing behavior and even heat emission to the food to be grilled or to the environment.
• FIGS 1 to 3 show a first embodiment.
• the pressing 1 is ring-shaped and has a central hole 4 which extends completely through the pressing.
• the ignition aid 2 with the wick 3 is located in this hole 4.
• This ignition aid consists of pressed straw components and e.g. Hemp fibers.
• the ignition aid 2 is also arranged in the hole 4, but has the hole 5 described above on the inside.
• the wick 3 can also be provided here, but this is not absolutely necessary.
• This ignition aid is e.g. from wood dust bound with stearin, as described above.
• the two variants differ in that the ignition aid is subsequently used as a finished part in the fuel according to FIGS. 1 to 3.
• the ignition aid 2 is injected in pasty form, the hole 5 being produced by a corresponding mandrel.
• FIG. 5 shows in cross section a third variant of the fuel, it being shown by way of illustration that the ignition aid 2 can also be arranged differently, here as a layer of approximately 2 to 3 mm thickness on one of the flat sides of the compact 1.

Landscapes

• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
• General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
• Geology (AREA)
• Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
• Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
• Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
• Hydrogen, Water And Hydrids (AREA)

Priority Applications (5)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=28679372

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (8)

Cited By (2)

Families Citing this family (5)

Citations (4)

Family Cites Families (8)

• 2002
  • 2002-04-17 AT AT0059102A patent/AT411766B/de not_active IP Right Cessation
• 2003
  • 2003-04-16 WO PCT/EP2003/003966 patent/WO2003087275A1/de not_active Ceased
  • 2003-04-16 AU AU2003232475A patent/AU2003232475A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2003-04-16 ES ES03746303T patent/ES2287503T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2003-04-16 DE DE50307377T patent/DE50307377D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2003-04-16 AT AT03746303T patent/ATE363524T1/de active
  • 2003-04-16 JP JP2003584219A patent/JP2005530864A/ja active Pending
  • 2003-04-16 EP EP03746303A patent/EP1495097B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2003-04-16 US US10/511,866 patent/US20050178053A1/en not_active Abandoned

Patent Citations (4)

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