WO2003084985A1 - Peptide chimiquement modifie a l'aide de polyethyleneglycol - Google Patents
Peptide chimiquement modifie a l'aide de polyethyleneglycol Download PDFInfo
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- WO2003084985A1 WO2003084985A1 PCT/JP2003/004614 JP0304614W WO03084985A1 WO 2003084985 A1 WO2003084985 A1 WO 2003084985A1 JP 0304614 W JP0304614 W JP 0304614W WO 03084985 A1 WO03084985 A1 WO 03084985A1
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- peptide
- amino acids
- peg
- amino acid
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- C07K14/001—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof by chemical synthesis
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K1/00—General methods for the preparation of peptides, i.e. processes for the organic chemical preparation of peptides or proteins of any length
- C07K1/107—General methods for the preparation of peptides, i.e. processes for the organic chemical preparation of peptides or proteins of any length by chemical modification of precursor peptides
- C07K1/1072—General methods for the preparation of peptides, i.e. processes for the organic chemical preparation of peptides or proteins of any length by chemical modification of precursor peptides by covalent attachment of residues or functional groups
- C07K1/1077—General methods for the preparation of peptides, i.e. processes for the organic chemical preparation of peptides or proteins of any length by chemical modification of precursor peptides by covalent attachment of residues or functional groups by covalent attachment of residues other than amino acids or peptide residues, e.g. sugars, polyols, fatty acids
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K7/00—Peptides having 5 to 20 amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof
- C07K7/04—Linear peptides containing only normal peptide links
- C07K7/08—Linear peptides containing only normal peptide links having 12 to 20 amino acids
Definitions
- the present invention provides a single-helix structure model based on the Edmonson-Wheel-Plot method, comprising two hydrophobic faces and two hydrophilic faces alternately arranged, and at least one of the two hydrophilic faces is positive.
- Peptide chemically modified with polyethylene glycol hereinafter abbreviated as “PEG”
- PEG chemically modified peptide a sequence consisting of 18 amino acids, which is a charged surface
- the present invention also relates to a complex of a chemically modified PEG peptide and a substance that binds to the peptide, and a method for producing the same.
- the present invention relates to a carrier modified with a PEG chemically modified peptide, and a method for producing the same.
- the present invention also relates to a method for delivering a substance bound or included in a carrier modified with a PEG chemically modified peptide into cells.
- RNA and their derivatives, modified and modified forms Iwayu Therapeutic methods of administering such nucleic acids into the body have been attempted. This involves increasing or decreasing the expression level of a specific gene or functional expression of a specific bioactive factor by administering the nucleic acid into the body, or producing the bioactive substance encoded by the introduced nucleic acid in the body.
- vectors transfection agents
- One of the representative examples of these vectors is a viral vector. It utilizes the ability of the virus to infect cells originally possessed by the virus. Examples thereof include retrovirus vectors and adenovirus vectors. Examples of applications include adenosine deaminase for gene therapy of adenosine deminase deficiency. 270, 475 (1995)) and the introduction of the p53 gene for the treatment of cancer (Swisser S. G. et al., J. Natl. Cancer Inst., Vol. 91, 763 (1999)).
- wild-type viruses pathogenic viruses
- there is a problem that the process for preparing the vector is extremely complicated, and it is generally difficult to industrialize the vector.
- a liposome vector Another representative example of a vector is a liposome vector. It utilizes the property of charged ribosomes being attached to and taken up by cells.It is known that ribosomes contain nucleic acids and that ribosomes form attached masses around nucleic acids. I have.
- An example of an application of nucleic acid encapsulated in ribosomes is the introduction of interferon] 3 gene for the treatment of brain tumors (M. Miz un o eta 1., Cancer Res., Vol. 50, 7826 (1990)).
- An example of the application of the method in which ribosomes form an adherent mass around nucleic acids is that they are often used in cell engineering experiments.
- ribosome vector is far superior to the viral vector in terms of safety when the main component is a natural phospholipid, the process of preparing the vector and the complex of the vector and the nucleic acid There are problems that the production process is complicated and the efficiency of introducing nucleic acids into cells is low. In addition, when the constituent components of the ribosome are synthetic lipids, there is a problem that the efficiency and operability of introducing the nucleic acid into cells are improved, but toxicity appears. Furthermore, all ribosomes have problems in formulation due to poor storage stability after complex formation with nucleic acids.
- Examples of other vectors include peptide vectors, and as one of them, polylysine and its modified products have been studied.
- This vector utilizes the property that a positively charged peptide electrostatically binds to a negatively charged nucleic acid and easily adheres to cells.
- polylysine when polylysine is used alone as a peptide vector, covalently linked oligonucleotides are introduced into cells (Lemaitre M. et al., Proc. Natl. Accad. Sci. USA, Vol. 84, 648 (1987)), it is often necessary to modify polylysine with sugars, glycoproteins, phospholipids, etc. in order to substantially introduce electrostatically bound oligonucleotides or plasmids into cells.
- a peptide vector is one in which a peptide alone can be used as a nucleic acid vector.
- An amphipathic basic peptide having an ⁇ -helix structure is a peptide vector of a nucleic acid alone due to its structural characteristics.
- the introduction efficiency is high (Nii dome T. etal., J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 272, 15307 (1997)).
- this peptide shows a typical dihedral structure consisting of a hydrophobic surface and a charged surface (hydrophilic surface) in an ⁇ -helix structure model by the Edmonson-Wheel plot method, and has the ability to introduce nucleic acids into cells. In order to maintain it, it is necessary to increase the ratio of the hydrophobic surface, and as a result, it has a drawback of poor water solubility.
- the ratio of the hydrophobic surface is reduced to improve the water solubility, the ability to introduce nucleic acids into cells decreases. Further, the ratio of the hydrophilic surface, which is the charged surface of the peptide, is small, and when the nucleic acid is electrostatically bound, the hydrophilicity of the peptide disappears, and the complex of the peptide and the nucleic acid becomes extremely poorly soluble. It also has the disadvantage of easily forming aggregates that are substantially problematic. In addition, it is highly toxic when administered to animals because it readily aggregates in serum.
- the peptide vector generally has excellent operability such that a complex is formed simply by mixing with a nucleic acid, but particularly easily in blood. It has the drawback of being easy to form agglomerates, and its complex with nucleic acids also has poor solubility and high toxicity, and has practical drawbacks.
- any vector has no selectivity for cells into which the nucleic acid is to be introduced, and the nucleic acid is introduced into cells into which the nucleic acid is not desired, as well as cells into which the nucleic acid is desired.
- phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylethanolamine are aminophospholipids contained in the components of the lipid bilayer that forms the cell surface, and the ratio of the phospholipids contained in the outer and inner layers of the lipid bilayer varies depending on the state of the cell. is there.
- a phospholipid that increases the proportion of the outer layer of the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane when the cell is exposed to some kind of stimulus Al J. Schroiteta 1., Bioch im. Biophys. Acta, Vol.
- Phosphatidylserine is also contained in granules in cells (for example, mast cells and basophils) in which allergens bind to IgE antibodies on the cell surface and cause allergic reactions (decondylar granule reactions). It is known that the components contained are phospholipids that appear on the cell surface during degranulation (Martin, S. et al., Int. Arch. Allergy and Immunol., Vo. l. 123, 249 (2000)). Recent findings indicate that cells treated with apoptosis-inducing substances (eg, anticancer drugs) or irradiated and irradiated with apoptosis-related genes, such as p53, transmit signals.
- apoptosis-inducing substances eg, anticancer drugs
- irradiated and irradiated with apoptosis-related genes such as p53
- PEG modification of ribosomes containing the anticancer drug doxorubicin enhances the drug's effect compared to unmodified ribosomes.
- Examples of other than liposomes include PEG-modified polylysine used for gene transfer (Le eMetal., Mol. Ther., 4, 339 (2001)).
- Polylysine is very toxic as is, but PEG modification reduces toxicity It is known to
- PEG modification is a useful technique, but has the problem that the specific activity of the modified peptide-polypeptide is reduced. This is because the active center is also PEGylated. For example, it has been shown that PEGylation of arginase reduces the specific activity to 65% (Sa Voca KV eta 1, Bioch im. Biophys. Acta, 578, 47 (1979 )).
- a PEG-modified antibody when used as a means for imparting site directivity to a PEG-modified carrier, the antibody is susceptible to steric hindrance by the PEG molecule and has a problem in that the effect is unlikely to appear. Therefore, development of a means for imparting more useful site directivity is desired.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a peptide with a high level of safety, easy production of a complex with a substance that binds to a peptide (excellent operability), and excellent solubility of the complex. It is an object of the present invention to provide a novel PEG chemically modified peptide which is excellent in the selectivity of a substance to be bound and has high transfer efficiency, does not decrease the specific activity due to PEG chemical modification, and a method for producing the same.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a complex of a chemically modified PEG peptide and a substance that binds to the peptide, and a method for producing the same.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a chemically modified peptide of PEG for imparting site-directivity to a carrier that binds or contains a drug, and is modified by the peptide.
- a carrier and a method for producing the carrier are provided.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for delivering a substance bound or included in a carrier modified by a PEG chemically modified peptide into cells. Disclosure of the invention
- the present inventors have conducted intensive research to solve the above problems,
- a peptide having an affinity can be a vector of a peptide-binding substance, which has a high efficiency of introducing a substance that binds to a cell into cells, has low toxicity, and has excellent solubility.
- Peptides having structural characteristics defined by their amino acid sequences have a high level of accumulation in specific phospholipids and have excellent selectivity for introducing peptide-binding substances into specific cells.
- the chemically modified peptide of PEG obtained by chemically modifying the peptide with PEG can serve as an element for imparting site-directivity to a carrier that binds or contains a drug.
- the present inventors have found that a substance bound or included in a carrier modified with the PEG chemically modified peptide can be efficiently delivered to a specific cell. Was completed.
- a PEG chemically modified peptide of the following (1) to (9) or (21), or a conjugate of a PEG chemically modified peptide of (10) to (19) or (24) and a peptide binding substance , (20), (22) or (23), their production method, (25) or (27) a carrier modified with the PEG chemically modified peptide, (26) their production method, (28) are provided.
- the sequence consisting of the 18 amino acids is composed of four alternately arranged two hydrophobic surfaces and two hydrophilic surfaces,
- One of the hydrophobic surfaces is composed of 5 to 7 amino acids, and the composition ratio of the hydrophobic amino acids is 80 mol% or more; and one of the hydrophilic surfaces is composed of 5 to 6 amino acids, and the composition of the hydrophilic amino acids.
- the ratio is at least 80 mol%, and the constituent ratio of the amino acid selected from arginine or lysine is at least 50 mol%,
- Another one of said hydrophobic surfaces is composed of 2-4 hydrophobic amino acids
- a chemically modified PEG peptide wherein another one of the hydrophilic surfaces is composed of 3 to 5 amino acids, and a composition ratio of the hydrophilic amino acid is 80 mol% or more.
- the total number of amino acids is 20 or more, both ends are N-terminal and C-terminal, and any continuous 18 amino acids excluding both amino acids are composed of the above 18 amino acids.
- X3, X10, X12, X21, X28, and X30 are each a hydrophobic amino acid, a neutral hydrophilic amino acid or a basic hydrophilic amino acid,
- X6, X17, X24, and X35 are each hydrophobic amino acids
- X7, X14, X18, X25, X32, and X36 are each a neutral hydrophilic amino acid or a basic hydrophilic amino acid.
- XI and X37 are hydrophilic amino acids
- X3, X10, X12, X21, X28 and X30 are each a hydrophobic amino acid, a neutral hydrophilic amino acid or a basic hydrophilic amino acid,
- X6, X17, X24, and X35 are each hydrophobic amino acids
- X7, X14, X18, X25, X32, and X36 are each a neutral hydrophilic amino acid or a basic hydrophilic amino acid.
- amino acids from X2 to X36 may be deleted, added, inserted or substituted as long as at least 18 amino acids are conserved continuously.
- XI is threonine
- X37 is serine
- X2, X5, X9, X20, X23, and X27 are each arginine or lysine, and X3 and X21 are each one of tyrosine, phenylalanine, serine, or arginine;
- X4, X17, X22, and X35 are each leucine
- X6, X15, X24, and X33 are each leucine or isoleucine; X7, X13, X25, and X31 are each histidine or arginine; X8 and X26 are each proline;
- X10 and X28 are either serine, arginine or leucine, respectively, XII and X29 are tributophan or leucine, respectively.
- X12 and X30 are each valine, leucine or serine;
- X14 and X32 are each glutamine, asparagine or arginine;
- X16 and X34 are alanine or arginine, respectively;
- X18 is any of arginine, lysine or serine, X19 is leucine or threonine,
- X36 is arginine or serine.
- amino acids from X2 to X36 may be deleted, added, inserted or substituted as long as at least 18 amino acids are conserved at least continuously.
- a complex comprising a chemically modified PEG peptide comprising a sequence consisting of the following 18 amino acids, and a substance that binds to the peptide,
- the structure is composed of two alternately arranged hydrophobic surfaces and two hydrophilic surfaces,
- One of the hydrophobic surfaces is composed of 5 to 7 amino acids, and the composition ratio of the hydrophobic amino acids is 80 mol% or more;
- One of the hydrophilic surfaces is composed of 5 to 6 amino acids, and the composition of hydrophilic amino acid The ratio is at least 80 mol%, and the constituent ratio of the amino acid selected from arginine or lysine is at least 50 mol%,
- Another one of said hydrophobic surfaces is composed of 2-4 hydrophobic amino acids
- the complex wherein another one of the hydrophilic surfaces is composed of 3 to 5 amino acids, and a composition ratio of the hydrophilic amino acid is 80 mol% or more.
- the total number of amino acids is 20 or more, both ends are N-terminal and C-terminal, and any continuous 18 amino acids excluding the amino acids at both ends indicate a sequence consisting of the 18 amino acids.
- X3, X10, X12, X21, X28, and X30 are each a hydrophobic amino acid, a neutral hydrophilic amino acid, or a basic hydrophilic amino acid;
- X6, XI7, X24, and X35 are each hydrophobic amino acids
- X7, X14, X18, X25, X32, and X36 are each a neutral hydrophilic amino acid or a basic hydrophilic amino acid.
- XI and X37 are hydrophilic amino acids
- X3, X10, X12, X21, X28 and X30 are each a hydrophobic amino acid, a neutral hydrophilic amino acid or a basic hydrophilic amino acid,
- X6, X17, X24, and X35 are each hydrophobic amino acids
- X7, X14, X18, X25, X32, and X36 are each a neutral hydrophilic amino acid or a basic hydrophilic amino acid.
- amino acids from X2 to X36 may be deleted, added, inserted or substituted as long as at least 18 amino acids are conserved continuously.
- XI is threonine
- X37 is serine
- X2, X5, X9, X20, X23, and X27 are each arginine or lysine, and X3 and X21 are each one of tyrosine, phenylalanine, serine, or arginine;
- X4, X17, X22, and X35 are each leucine
- X6, X15, X24, and X33 are each leucine or isoleucine; X7, X13, X25, and X31 are each histidine or arginine; X8 and X26 are each proline;
- X16 and X34 are alanine or arginine, respectively;
- X18 is any of arginine, lysine or serine
- X19 is leucine or threonine
- X36 is arginine or serine.
- amino acids from X2 to X36 may be deleted, added, inserted or substituted as long as at least 18 amino acids are continuously conserved.
- (22) a) reacting a peptide containing a sequence consisting of 18 amino acids with activated polyethylene glycol (PEG),
- (26) a) reacting a peptide comprising a sequence comprising 18 amino acids or a peptide comprising a sequence comprising 18 amino acids with a cysteine bound to the N-terminus or C-terminus, and an activated PEG;
- FIG. 1 are conceptual diagrams of the ⁇ -helix structure model based on the Edmonson-Wheel plot method (however, amino acids enclosed in the mouth are hydrophobic amino acids, and ⁇ Amino acids surrounded by are basic hydrophilic amino acids, and amino acids without boxes are neutral hydrophilic amino acids (the same applies to the following drawings).
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of the tetrahedral structure of the 18 amino acid sequence of the peptide used in the present invention.
- FIG. 3 are diagrams showing examples of the tetrahedral structure of the peptide used in the present invention, which is differently allocated to each surface.
- (A) in Fig. 4 represents (C1), and (b) represents (C2).
- (C1) and (C2) are diagrams showing examples of the tetrahedral structure of the peptide used in the present invention, which is differently allocated to each surface.
- FIG. 5 show the four-sided structure of the peptide containing the 18 amino acid sequence of the present invention. It is a figure which shows the example of a structure.
- FIG. 7 (a) is a graph showing the average residue ellipticity curve obtained by measuring the CD spectrum of SDS ( ⁇ )
- FIG. 7 (b) is the graph showing the average residue ellipticity obtained by measuring the CD spectrum of SDS (+). It is a figure showing a curve.
- FIG. 8 (a) shows the average residue ellipticity curve obtained by measuring the CD spectrum of SDS (-), and FIG. 8 (b) shows the average residue ellipticity obtained by measuring the CD spectrum of SDS (+). It is a figure showing a curve.
- FIG. 9 (a) is a diagram showing the average residue ellipticity curve obtained by measuring the CD spectrum of SDS (—), and FIG. 9 (b) is the graph showing the average residue ellipticity obtained by measuring the CD spectrum of SDS (+). It is a figure showing a curve.
- FIG. 10 is an electrophoretogram of a mixture of the peptide of SEQ ID NO: 1 and the oligonucleotide.
- FIG. 11 is an electrophoretogram of a mixture of the peptide of SEQ ID NO: 1 and a plasmid.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram showing the ability to introduce a plasmid into cells depending on the presence or absence of the peptide of SEQ ID NO: 1, using the luciferase activity expressed by the plasmid as an index.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram showing that introduction of a plasmid containing the HSV-tk gene into cells using the peptide of SEQ ID NO: 16 enhances GCV sensitivity.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram showing the ability to introduce a plasmid into cells depending on the presence or absence of the peptide of SEQ ID NO: 1, using the luciferase activity expressed by the plasmid as an index.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram showing that introduction of a plasmid containing the HSV-tk gene into cells using the peptide of SEQ ID NO: 16 enhances GCV sensitivity.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram showing the ability of the peptide of SEQ ID NO: 1 to introduce a plasmid into cells, using the luciferase activity expressed by the plasmid as an index before and after storing the complex with the plasmid in step 4. is there.
- FIG. 15 is an electrophoretogram of the oligonucleotide after the nuclease treatment of the mixture of the peptide of SEQ ID NO: 1 and the oligonucleotide.
- FIG. 16 is an electropherogram of the plasmid after the mixture of the peptide of SEQ ID NO: 16 and the plasmid has been treated with nuclease.
- the control is a nuclease-untreated plasmid.
- FIG. 17 is a diagram showing the specific affinity of the peptide of SEQ ID NO: 1 and phosphatidylserine measured using Biacore 2000.
- FIG. 18 shows that the peptide of SEQ ID NO: 25 showed no affinity for phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylcholine, as measured using Biacore 2000.
- FIG. 19 is a diagram showing, using flow cytometry, that phosphatidylserine is expressed on the cell surface when the cells are stimulated by degranulation.
- FIG. 20 is a diagram showing that the peptide of SEQ ID NO: 16 transfects more cells into which phosphatidylserine is expressed on the cell surface due to degranulation reaction.
- FIG. 21 is a diagram showing that the peptide of SEQ ID NO: 16 has the ability to introduce plasmid into cancer cells transplanted into mice, using the luciferase activity expressed by the plasmid as an indicator.
- Figure 22 shows that the introduction of a plasmid containing the HSV-tk gene into a cancer cell transplanted into a mouse using the peptide of SEQ ID NO: 16 and GCV administration prolong the survival time of the mouse. is there.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram comparing the gene transfer ability of the PEG and the unmodified PEG.
- FIG. 24 is a diagram comparing the gene transfection ability of a plasmid peptide complex modified with PEG and an unmodified PEG of the same using anaphylactic shock mice.
- FIG. 25 is a diagram in which the PEG-modified peptide present in the PEG-modified plasmid peptide complex was identified by SDS-PAGE. BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
- the chemically modified PEG peptide of the present invention is obtained by chemically modifying a peptide containing a sequence consisting of 18 amino acids (hereinafter abbreviated as “peptide used in the present invention”), for example, with activated PEG, which will be described in detail later. Obtained.
- the method of chemically modifying with PEG is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a method using activated PEG, a method using PEG and an activator, and the like.
- the activated PEG used in the chemical modification method is not particularly limited as long as it is activated PEG, and may have a linear or branched structure.
- mPEG-SPA succin imi dy lesterof me t hoxy po 1 y (et hy l en eglycol) r opion on iccid, manufactured by S hear water
- mP EG manufactured by the company SBA (succinimi dy lesterof mPEG butanoic ac id)
- mP EG— SS succin imi dy lesterof mP EG succinate
- mP EG— SCM s uc cinimidy 1 esterofcar boxyme t hy lated mPEG
- mPEG-BTC benzotriazole car bona tederi va tiveof mP EG
- mPEG-e pox i de mPEG—CD I (car bony ldi imi dazole—ac tivated mPEG), mPEG—NP C (p—nitropheny 1 m PEG
- the activated PEG used in the chemical modification method may be a conjugated phospholipid to PEG.
- MAL—mPEG—DSPE ma 1 e imi de mod ified and distear oy l pho ph s p ati dy
- leth ano l ami ne modified mP EG NH S—mP EG—DSPE (N-hydroxysuccin im i dy lcar bon at e.g., activated PEG, such as emodified mPEG_D SPE).
- the weight average molecular weight of PEG may be about 200 Da to about 100, OO ODa, preferably about 1, OO ODa to about 50,000 Da, more preferably about 2, OO ODa to about 20, OO ODa. ODa.
- the modified PEGylated peptide maintains the activity of the original peptide and further increases the solubility, diminishes toxicity and reduces toxicity. It is possible to impart more preferable properties such as attenuation.
- the PEG and the activator used in the method of chemical modification with PEG and an activator can be arbitrarily selected and used as long as they are commonly used.
- the modification (bonding) position of PEG in the chemically modified PEG peptide of the present invention is not particularly limited, and may be any position.
- the peptide used in the present invention binds to a peptide binding substance such as a nucleic acid and phosphatidylserine.
- the position is preferably a position other than the above position, and the N-terminal, C-terminal or side chain position is more preferable.
- the amount of modification (the amount of binding) of PEG to the peptide used in the present invention is not particularly limited.
- a gene for a target cell It has excellent effects such as improvement of drug and drug uptake rate, improvement of pharmacological activity, and reduction of toxicity.
- sequence consisting of 18 amino acids which is an essential structure of the peptide containing a sequence consisting of 18 amino acids, which is a peptide used in the present invention, will be described with reference to the drawings.
- the Edmonson-Wheel-Plot method is a model that shows the relative positions of amino acids with respect to the center line of the ⁇ -helix, and makes a round with 18 amino acids, and the 19th amino acid comes at the same position as the 1st amino acid Notation as follows.
- the first amino acid which is the base point
- the starting point on the notation differs as long as the amino acid sequence is the same.
- the relative position of each amino acid on the figure does not change. For example, in FIG. 1, (A), ( ⁇ ), and (C) are essentially the same.
- the “plane” refers to a region composed of amino acids that are consecutively adjacent to each other in a model.
- the surface may have at least one constituent amino acid, preferably at least two constituent amino acids.
- Contiguously adjacent to each other refers to, for example, the positional relationship between the first and 12th amino acids and the positional relationship between the 15th, 8th, 1st, and 12th amino acids in FIG. .
- the positional relationship between the 1st and 10th amino acids is not continuous.
- the positional relationship between the first and fifth amino acids is not a “continuously adjacent” positional relationship, but the same surface may be formed by including the first and second amino acids.
- hydrophobic surface is a surface that substantially contains a large amount of hydrophobic amino acids. Hydrophobic amino The acid is not limited as long as it is substantially hydrophobic. It also includes natural hydrophobic amino acids, modified amino acids and synthetic amino acids whose properties are almost the same.
- the peptide used in the present invention preferably contains 80 mol% or more of a hydrophobic amino acid on the hydrophobic surface. It is more preferable that the composition does not contain acidic hydrophilic amino acids (aspartic acid, glutamic acid). This is because the positively charged portion of the peptide and the negatively charged portion of the nucleic acid are electrostatically bound, and the acidic hydrophilic amino acid acts to inhibit the binding.
- acidic hydrophilic amino acids aspartic acid, glutamic acid
- the hydrophobic amino acid is preferably an amino acid selected from leucine, isoleucine, valine, tributofan, proline, tyrosine, alanine, fenylalanine, methionine, cysteine, and glycine.
- One of the hydrophobic surfaces (side A) is preferably composed of 5 to 7 amino acids.
- Another one of the hydrophobic surfaces (side surface C) is preferably composed of 2 to 4 amino acids. In particular, it is preferable that all of the side surfaces C are hydrophobic amino acids.
- Figure 2 shows an example of a hydrophobic surface (Side A, Side C).
- Hydrophilic surface is a surface that substantially contains a large amount of hydrophilic amino acids.
- the hydrophilic amino acid is not limited as long as it is substantially hydrophilic. Also included are naturally occurring hydrophilic amino acids, modified amino acids having almost the same properties as those, and synthetic amino acids.
- “Positively charged surface” is a “hydrophilic surface” and is a surface that is substantially rich in positively charged hydrophilic amino acids. Also included are naturally hydrophilic amino acids that are substantially positively charged, modified amino acids, and synthetic amino acids that have substantially the same properties.
- the peptide used in the present invention preferably contains at least 80 mol% of a hydrophilic amino acid on the hydrophilic surface.
- the hydrophilic amino acids are asparagine, glutamine, It is preferably an amino acid selected from nin, serine, arginine, histidine, lysine, aspartic acid, and glutamic acid.
- hydrophilic amino acid other than an acidic hydrophilic amino acid that is, an amino acid selected from asparagine, glutamine, threonine, serine, arginine, histidine or lysine is preferred. This is because the positively charged portion of the peptide and the negatively charged portion of the nucleic acid are electrostatically bonded, and the acidic hydrophilic amino acid acts to inhibit the binding.
- One of the hydrophilic surfaces (side surface B) is a positively charged surface and is preferably composed of 5 to 6 amino acids. Further, the composition ratio of amino acids selected from lysine and arginine is preferably 50 mol% or more.
- the other hydrophilic surface (Side D) is preferably composed of 3-5 amino acids.
- Figure 2 shows an example of the hydrophilic surface (side D) and the positively charged surface (side B).
- the mole% is the ratio of the number of hydrophobic amino acids contained in the surface to the number of amino acids constituting the hydrophobic surface, the ratio of the number of hydrophilic amino acids contained in the surface to the number of amino acids constituting the hydrophilic surface. Alternatively, it is a ratio of the number of amino acids selected from lysine or arginine contained in the surface to the number of amino acids constituting the positively charged surface.
- two hydrophobic surfaces (Side A and Side C) and two hydrophilic surfaces (Side B and Side D: at least Side B are positively charged surfaces) Is a structure in which four surfaces are alternately adjacent to each other.
- the hydrophobic surfaces are directly adjacent to each other, they are not two hydrophobic surfaces but one as a whole, and when the hydrophilic surfaces are directly adjacent to each other, they are not two hydrophilic surfaces but the whole.
- the positively charged surface and the positively charged surface are directly adjacent to each other, it is not two positively charged surfaces but one positively charged surface as a whole.
- the hydrophobic surface and the hydrophobic surface, the hydrophilic surface and the hydrophilic surface, and the positively charged surface and the positively charged surface are not adjacent to each other.
- the “structure consisting of four faces that are alternately adjacent to each other” means that in the ⁇ -helix structure model based on the Edmonson-Wheel-Plot method, the clockwise direction of the surface ⁇ ⁇ side ⁇ ⁇ side C ⁇ side D ( ⁇ Side A) Or clockwise, side A ⁇ Side D ⁇ Side C ⁇ Side B (—Side A), and any form may be used as long as the function is maintained.
- the arrangement is such that side A ⁇ side B ⁇ side C ⁇ side D ( ⁇ side A) is turned clockwise.
- the tetrahedral structure is not particularly limited in how to divide it, that is, how to allocate 18 amino acids to the four amino acids, as long as each surface maintains its properties.
- side A be assigned 5 to 7 amino acids
- side B be 5 to 6 amino acids
- side C be 2 to 4 amino acids
- side D be 3 to 5 amino acids.
- a to C three sequences in which the assignment of the amino acid sequence to each surface is different are shown as A to C ( ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2) in FIGS.
- the amino acid sequences of C1 and C2 are completely the same, and both are examples included in the above definition when the allocation of the amino acid sequence to each surface is changed.
- the amino acid assignments in A to C ( ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2) are as follows. Hydrophobic surface Hydrophilic surface Hydrophobic surface Hydrophilic surface
- the peptide used in the present invention contains a sequence consisting of 18 amino acids exhibiting the above-mentioned tetrahedral structure, the peptide itself has excellent water solubility, and when forming a complex with the peptide-binding substance. However, it has a feature that the complex does not substantially form an aggregate that causes a problem.
- the peptide used in the present invention differs from the peptide vector having an ⁇ -helix structure described in “Prior Art” in that a plurality of hydrophobic surfaces are formed when the ⁇ _helix structure is formed, so that the ratio of the hydrophobic surface is reduced. Even if the water solubility is improved, the ability to introduce a peptide-binding substance into cells is high. On the other hand, since a plurality of hydrophilic surfaces are formed at the same time, the ratio of the hydrophilic surface is larger than in the case of the two-sided structure, and even if the peptide binding substance is electrostatically bonded to at least one positively charged surface.
- a peptide Since the hydrophilicity of the peptide is not completely lost, the complex of the peptide and the peptide-binding substance remains water-soluble and does not result in the formation of aggregates that are substantially problematic. Therefore, in order for a peptide to have both a high peptide binding substance-introducing ability and excellent water solubility, a plurality of hydrophobic surfaces and hydrophilic surfaces (at least one positively charged surface) must be formed in a single helix structure. Need to be done.
- the PEGylation of the present invention including the peptide used in the present invention having the above properties.
- the chemically modified peptide is more excellent in the above properties and properties.
- the number of surfaces is not limited as long as a plurality of hydrophobic surfaces and hydrophilic surfaces are formed and the function as a peptide vector is maintained.
- each has two sides.
- at least one of the plurality of hydrophilic surfaces is a surface rich in neutral hydrophilic amino acids (substantially not in a charged state)
- the surface does not bind to the peptide binding substance, and as a result, This is more preferable because the water solubility of the surface is almost completely maintained.
- the length of the amino acid sequence of the peptide used in the present invention is not limited at all, as long as its function is maintained.
- it is a peptide having 20 or more amino acids, more preferably 25 or more, and still more preferably 30 or more.
- the peptide preferably has a total amino acid number of 100 or less, more preferably 50 or less, and still more preferably 40 or less.
- the peptide used in the present invention contains one or more continuous 18 amino acid sequences starting from an arbitrary amino acid.
- two or more consecutive 18 amino acid sequences each starting from an arbitrary amino acid are present independently, and Z or a sequence having two or more amino acids is partially overlapped.
- any continuous 18 amino acid sequence excluding the amino acids at both ends is a peptide having an 18 amino acid sequence showing the tetrahedral structure of the present invention. That is, it is a peptide in which any continuous 18 amino acid sequence excluding the amino acids at both ends overlaps and shows the tetrahedral structure of the present invention.
- 18 amino acid sequence means that the side A, side B, side C, and side D are arranged clockwise in the helix model by the Edmonson-Wheel-Plot method.
- a sequence consisting of 18 amino acids (abbreviated as “tetrahedral structure of the invention”) (in the present specification, “18 amino acids showing the tetrahedral structure of the present invention” Abbreviated as “acid sequence”).
- the “arbitrary continuous 18 amino acid sequence excluding the amino acids at both ends” refers to, for example, a peptide consisting of N (where N is 20 or more) amino acids 2 to 19 and 3 to 20
- “Overlapping and indicating all four-sided structures of the present invention” means “the 2nd to 19th, 3rd to 20th, 4th to 21st, and so on (N— 18) th to All the sequences up to the (N-1) -th sequence show the tetrahedral structure of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 shows the sequence consisting of the 18th amino acid at the 2nd to 19th, the 3rd to 20th, the 4th to 21st, and the 19th to 36th amino acids of the peptide of SEQ ID NO: 16
- FIG. 5 shows the sequence consisting of the 18th amino acid at the 2nd to 19th, the 3rd to 20th, the 4th to 21st, and the 19th to 36th amino acids of the peptide of SEQ ID NO: 16
- FIG. 5 shows the sequence consisting of the 18th amino acid at the 2nd to 19th, the 3rd to 20th, the 4th to 21st, and the 19th to 36th amino acids of the peptide of SEQ ID NO: 16
- FIG. 5 shows the sequence consisting of the 18th amino acid at the 2nd to 19th, the 3rd to 20th, the 4th to 21st, and the 19th to 36th amino acids of the peptide of SEQ ID NO: 16
- FIG. 5 shows the sequence consisting of the
- At least one end, preferably both ends, of the peptide used in the present invention is preferably a hydrophilic amino acid.
- the peptide-binding substance referred to herein includes nucleic acids, acidic polymers such as acidic proteins, low molecular weight compounds having negatively charged side chains, and the like, which have physiological activity (details will be described later).
- the hydrophilic amino acid is not limited as long as it is hydrophilic.
- it is a hydrophilic amino acid other than an acidic hydrophilic amino acid, more preferably a neutral hydrophilic amino acid, and still more preferably threonine or serine.
- the “18 amino acid sequence showing the tetrahedral structure of the present invention” contained in the peptide used in the present invention Preferable examples of the “row” include a sequence consisting of any continuous 18 amino acids in the following amino acid sequence.
- X3, X10, X12, X21, X28, and X30 are each a hydrophobic amino acid, a neutral hydrophilic amino acid, or a basic hydrophilic amino acid,
- X6, X17, X24, and X35 are each hydrophobic amino acids
- X7, X14, X18, X25, X32, and X36 are neutral hydrophilic amino acids or basic hydrophilic amino acids, respectively.
- X8 and X26 are each proline; X4, XI7, X22, and X35 are each leucine;
- X6, XII, XI5, X24, X29, and X33 are each hydrophobic amino acids, and X12, X19, and X30 are each hydrophobic amino acids or neutral hydrophilic amino acids.
- X2, X5, X9, X20, X23, and X27 are each a basic hydrophilic amino acid
- XI3 and X31 are each a basic hydrophilic amino acid or a neutral hydrophilic amino acid.
- X16 and X34 are hydrophobic amino acids or basic hydrophilic amino acids, respectively, ⁇ X2, X5, X9, X13, and X16 '', ⁇ X5, X9, X13, X16, and X20 '', ⁇ X9, X13, X16, X20, X23, X13, X16, X20, X23, and X27, XI6, X20, X23, X27, and X31, and X20, X23, X27, X31, and X34, respectively.
- At least three amino acids are arginine or lysine,
- X3, X10, X21, and X28 are each a hydrophobic amino acid, a neutral hydrophilic amino acid, or a basic hydrophilic amino acid,
- X7, X14, X18, X25, X32, and X36 are each a neutral hydrophilic amino acid or a basic hydrophilic amino acid.
- X2, X5, X9, X20, X23, and X27 are each arginine or lysine, and X3 and X21 are each one of tyrosine, phenylalanine, serine, or arginine;
- X10 and X28 are either serine, arginine or leucine, respectively, XII and X29 are tryptophan or leucine, respectively;
- X12 and X30 are each valine, leucine or serine;
- X14 and X32 are each glutamine, asparagine or arginine;
- X16 and X34 are alanine or arginine, respectively;
- X18 is any of arginine, lysine or serine
- X19 is leucine or threonine
- X36 is arginine or serine.
- amino acids from X2 to X36 may be deleted, added, inserted or substituted as long as at least 18 amino acids are conserved continuously.
- the hydrophobic amino acid is an amino acid selected from leucine, isoleucine, norin, tritophan, proline, tyrosine, alanine, cystine, fenylalanine, methionine or glycine, and is a basic hydrophilic amino acid.
- the neutral hydrophilic amino acid is an amino acid selected from any of asparagine, glutamine, threonine or serine.
- peptide used in the present invention include a peptide having the following amino acid sequence.
- X1-X2-X3-X4-X5-X6-X7-X8-X9-X10-Xl 1-Xl 2-X13-X14-X15-X16-X17-X18-X19-X20 -X21-X22-X23-X24- X25-X26-X27-X28-X29-X30-X31-X32-X33-X34-X35-X36-X37 where
- XI and X37 are hydrophilic amino acids
- X3, X10, X12, X21, X28, and X30 are each a hydrophobic amino acid, a neutral hydrophilic amino acid or a basic hydrophilic amino acid,
- An amino acid or a basic hydrophilic amino acid, and at least three amino acids thereof are arginine or lysine,
- X6, X17, X24, and X35 are each hydrophobic amino acids
- X7, X14, X18, X25, X32, and X36 are each a neutral hydrophilic amino acid or a basic hydrophilic amino acid.
- amino acids from X2 to X36 may be deleted, added, inserted or substituted as long as at least 18 amino acids are conserved continuously.
- amino acids from X2 to X36 may be deleted, added, inserted or substituted as long as at least 18 amino acids are conserved continuously.
- XI and X37 are each threonine or serine
- X8 and X26 are each proline
- X4, X17, 111, and X35 are each leucine
- X6, XII, X15, X24, X29, and X33 are each hydrophobic amino acids, and X12, X19, and X30 are each hydrophobic amino acids or neutral hydrophilic amino acids;
- X2, X5, X9, X20, X23, and X27 are each a basic hydrophilic amino acid, and X13 and X31 are each a basic hydrophilic amino acid or a neutral hydrophilic amino acid,
- X16 and X34 are each a hydrophobic amino acid or a basic hydrophilic amino acid
- X3, X10, X21, and X28 are each a hydrophobic amino acid, a neutral hydrophilic amino acid, or a basic hydrophilic amino acid,
- X7, X14, X18, X25, X32, and X36 are each a neutral hydrophilic amino acid or a basic hydrophilic amino acid.
- amino acids from X2 to X36 may be deleted, added, inserted or substituted as long as at least 18 amino acids are conserved continuously. More preferably,
- XI is threonine
- X37 is serine
- X5, X9, X20, X23, and X27 are each arginine or lysine, and X3 and X21 are each one of tyrosine, phenylalanine, serine, or arginine;
- X4, X17, X22, and X35 are each leucine
- X6, X15, X24, and X33 are each leucine or isoleucine; X7, X13, X25, and X31 are each histidine or arginine; X8 and X26 are each proline;
- X10 and X28 are either serine, arginine or leucine, respectively.
- XI I and X29 are each tryptophan or leucine
- X12 and X30 are each valine, leucine or serine,
- X14 and X32 are each glutamine, asparagine or arginine,
- XI 6 and X34 are alanine or arginine, respectively;
- X18 is any of arginine, lysine or serine
- X19 is leucine or threonine
- X36 is arginine or serine.
- amino acids from X2 to X36 may be deleted, added, inserted or substituted as long as at least 18 amino acids are conserved continuously.
- the hydrophobic amino acid, the basic hydrophilic amino acid, and the neutral hydrophilic amino acid are the same as those described in the aforementioned amino acid sequences X2 to X36.
- the above-mentioned amino acid sequence is an example of the peptide used in the present invention, and the peptide used in the present invention contains the “18 amino acid sequence showing the tetrahedral structure of the present invention”, retains its functions, As long as the function and the like of the modified peptide are maintained, the above-mentioned amino acid sequence can be deleted, added, inserted or substituted as necessary.
- modification with a molecule other than amino acid can be performed as necessary.
- Modification with a molecular compound may be performed.
- modification with mannose or cholesterol can be mentioned.
- the preferred embodiment of the peptide used in the present invention does not contain an acidic hydrophilic amino acid, this property is particularly useful when making modifications.
- this property is particularly useful when making modifications.
- site-specific modification of the C-terminus is possible when modification is performed using a reaction depending on a carboxyl group. Is advantageous.
- the peptide used in the present invention is preferably N-terminal or C-terminal so that only one cysteine is contained in the amino acid sequence.
- modification with tylene glycol or the like selective modification can be advantageously performed.
- amino acids are classified according to the type and properties of the side-chain molecule.
- the classification that is an important index in considering the higher-order structure of is the classification based on the polarity of the side-chain molecule. Specifically, they are classified as follows.
- Hydrophobic amino acids glycine, alanine, valine, leucine, isocyanate, methionine, fenylalanine, tyrosine, cystine, tryptophan, proline
- Acidic hydrophilic amino acids aspartic acid, glutamic acid
- Neutral hydrophilic amino acids serine, threonine, glutamine, asparagine
- Basic hydrophilic amino acids arginine, lysine, histidine
- amino acids belonging to the same classification described above can be mutually amino acid-substituted while satisfying the requirement of "18 amino acid sequences showing the tetrahedral structure of the present invention".
- isoleucine and leucine, valine and leucine, tyrosine and phenylalanine, tryptophan and leucine, asparagine and glutamine, serine and threonine, arginine and lysine, and histidine and lysine can be substituted for each other.
- Histidine is classified as a basic hydrophilic amino acid.However, under certain conditions, for example, physiological conditions, histidine has a small charge state, and therefore has a property close to that of a neutral hydrophilic amino acid. Histidine can be substituted not only with basic hydrophilic amino acids but also with neutral hydrophilic amino acids.
- amino acids belonging to different classifications can be mutually substituted as long as the requirement of “18 amino acid sequences exhibiting the tetrahedral structure of the present invention” is satisfied.
- An example is as follows.
- the above-mentioned amino acid substitution can be performed in combination. That is, as an example of combining amino acid substitutions within the same genus, when simultaneous substitution of isoleucine for leucine and substitution of palin for leucine are performed, an example of combining amino acid substitutions of different genera is tyrosine to serine. Substitution of serine to leucine simultaneously, or as an example of a combination of amino acid substitution within the same genus and amino acid substitution of a different genus, substitution of isoleucine for oral isin and leucine for threonine And the replacement of the same can be performed at the same time.
- the number of amino acid substitutions that can be combined is not particularly limited as long as the requirement of “18 amino acid sequences exhibiting the tetrahedral structure of the present invention” is satisfied. Like Or less than 3 per 18 amino acids.
- Examples 12 and 13 show that the peptides used in the present invention can be substituted for each other as long as they satisfy the requirement of the above-mentioned “18 amino acid sequence showing the tetrahedral structure of the present invention”. I have.
- Examples of the peptide used in the present invention include a peptide having any one of the amino acid sequences of SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 24. Preferably, it is a peptide consisting of the amino acid sequence of either SEQ ID NO: 16 or 19.
- the peptide used in the present invention is a peptide having a binding ability to a nucleic acid and an ability to introduce the nucleic acid into a cell, and having a specific affinity for phosphatidylserine.
- the amino acids constituting the peptide may be either L-form or D-form amino acids, and may be amino acids other than ordinary amino acids having substantially the same properties as natural amino acids, or synthetic modified amino acids. These include, for example, hydroxyproline, homoserine, methylcysteine and the like.
- the present invention relates to a peptide comprising the above-mentioned sequence of 18 amino acids (peptide used in the present invention) and a PEG chemically modified peptide obtained by modifying the peptide with PEG. And a substance that binds to a peptide (peptide-binding substance).
- a second aspect of the present invention is a complex of the PEG chemically modified peptide and a substance that binds to the peptide (peptide binding substance).
- the “complex” may be an aggregate, mixture, or composition of the peptide used in the present invention, PEG, and the peptide-binding substance.
- PEG and / or peptide binding substance for the peptide used in the present invention Is not particularly limited as long as the function of the peptide is maintained.
- Example 30 show that the peptide used in the present invention, PEG, and the peptide-binding substance form a complex (aggregate, mixture, composition, etc.).
- the “peptide-binding substance” constituting the complex of the present invention includes, as described above, nucleic acids, acidic polymers such as acidic proteins, low-molecular compounds having negatively charged side chains (such as phosphate groups), and the like. It is a substance having a physiological activity.
- the term “acidic polymer such as acidic protein” refers to a protein other than a protein (eg, albumin) containing a large amount of acidic amino acids and negatively charged as a whole molecule (eg, a protein).
- a protein eg, albumin
- heparin and hyaluronic acid are exemplified.
- the “low-molecular compound having a negatively charged side chain” is a low-molecular compound having a phosphate group or the like in a side chain, and includes, for example, a phosphorylated acid mouth building.
- nucleic acid includes nucleoside nucleotides, oligonucleotides or polynucleotides in which two or more nucleotides are linked, DNA, RNA, or derivatives, modified or modified forms thereof.
- Derivatives of nucleic acids include those in which some of the atoms that constitute nucleic acids are replaced with other atoms.
- a so-called PS form in which one of the oxygen atoms in the phosphodiester bond site is replaced with a sulfur atom is included.
- modified nucleic acid includes those obtained by substituting and adding other atomic groups to some of the atoms constituting the nucleic acid. For example, a methoxy group (100-CH 3 ) is added to the carbon atom at the 2 'position of the pentose moiety of nucleic acid, or a sugar, phospholipid, or polyethylene daricol is added to a part of the nucleic acid sequence. .
- a methoxy group 100-CH 3
- a sugar, phospholipid, or polyethylene daricol is added to a part of the nucleic acid sequence.
- a “nucleic acid variant” uses a completely different skeleton while maintaining the expected nucleic acid function.
- Molecules For example, a peptide nucleic acid (PeptideNuc1eic Acid; PNA) is included.
- Some nucleic acids include polynucleotides, such as DNA or RNA, which increase or decrease the expression level of a specific protein in a living body or regulate the functional expression of a specific factor, or derivatives, modified products, or modified products thereof. Or a combination of “induction”, “modification”, and “modification”, and a derivative or a mixture or chimera of these derivatives, modifications or modifications.
- the nucleic acid may be composed of a single strand or two or more strands, and may be bound to a carrier.
- DNA encoding a protein, a plasmid in which an expression control unit is connected to the DNA, an antisense oligonucleotide, a decoy-type double-stranded nucleic acid (hereinafter, referred to as decoy), an abdomer, a lipozyme, an siRNA, and the like.
- Specific protein or “specific factor” is a protein or factor intended to increase or decrease the expression level or to regulate the expression of function. These may be substances that originally exist in the living body or substances that do not exist.
- the "ability to bind to a peptide-binding substance" can be examined, for example, by detecting a stained image of a nucleic acid after electrophoresis of a mixture of the nucleic acid and the peptide used in the present invention, using a nucleic acid as an example. it can. For example, if the nucleic acid is not migrated and a stained image of the nucleic acid is not obtained, or if a stained image is obtained in a region where the mobility during electrophoresis is smaller than the stained image of the migration of the nucleic acid alone, It is assumed that the peptide has “the ability to bind to a peptide binding substance”. A more specific method is described in Example 8 described later.
- “Ability to introduce peptide-binding substances into cells” explained using nucleic acids as an example Then, it can be measured by a method of observing cells under a fluorescence microscope using a fluorescently labeled nucleic acid, or a method of measuring a reporter protein expressed by cells using a plasmid expressing a reporter gene. In addition, the pharmacological action observed as a result of the expression of the repo overnight protein can be measured as an index.
- the reporter include firefly luciferase,) 3-galactosidase and HSV-tk. A more specific method is described in Example 9 described later.
- the number of fluorescence counts per second of 1 mg of the protein is measured. If the fluorescence count at this time is 100,000 or more, it is assumed that the reporter gene has been introduced into the cell, and the peptide has “the ability to introduce a peptide-binding substance into the cell”.
- intracellular refers to a unit constituting a cell and the inside thereof.
- the inside of the phospholipid bilayer constituting the outline of the cell, between the phospholipid bilayers, the cytoplasm, or the organelle (organelle) or nucleus or the inside thereof.
- Specifically having an affinity refers to any specific interaction. For example, binding to each other, forming a complex, recognizing molecules with each other, trying to move or aggregate in a certain direction, changing the shape of molecules, reacting with each other, etc. . For example, if it has an affinity even in the presence of serum albumin, it will have a specific affinity.
- a peptide that has an affinity for phosphatidylserine in the absence of serum albumin, but does not have an affinity for phosphatidylserine in the presence of serum albumin has a nonspecific interaction with phosphatidylserine. And has no affinity for phosphatidylserine in vivo.
- the interaction of the peptide with a specific substance does not disappear even when other peptides coexist, the interaction is specific and ⁇ has a specific affinity '' .
- carrier refers to a substance that binds to a drug or the like or includes a drug or the like and delivers them.
- a carrier composed of a lipid, a polymer, or the like is preferable, and specific examples thereof include liposomes, dendrimers, and nanoparticles.
- the combination of the carrier and the drug but in order to hold the drug, etc. more stably, it is preferable that they do not repel each other electrostatically.
- a combination of doxorubicin with a neutral or negatively charged ribosome is exemplified.
- Carriers modified with the chemically modified PEG peptide of the present invention are particularly useful because they have not only improved pharmacokinetics but also directivity to specific sites.
- the activated PEG used for the PEG chemical modification is not limited, but if the carrier contains a phospholipid, the phospholipid may be used. Can use activated PEG with preferable.
- the ratio of the number of PEG molecules not modified with a peptide to the number of PEG chemically modified peptide molecules of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as the pharmacokinetics of the PEG chemically modified peptide-modified carrier is improved.
- the carrier is a ribosome, preferably 1 ::! To 1: 0.001, more preferably 1: 0.3 to 1: 0.01, and still more preferably 1: 0.2 to: L: 0.02.
- the improved properties and characteristics of the chemically modified PEG peptide of the present invention include the properties and characteristics of the complex of the PEG chemically modified peptide of the present invention and a peptide binding substance, and the PEG chemically modified of the present invention. It includes the properties and characteristics of the carrier modified by the peptide.
- the peptide used in the present invention refers to a peptide containing a sequence consisting of 18 amino acids without PEG modification
- the chemically modified PEG peptide of the present invention are nucleic acids and nucleic acids.
- a mode of binding of the peptide of the present invention to a nucleic acid there is no limitation on the mode of binding of the peptide of the present invention to a nucleic acid, and examples include an electrostatic bond, a hydrophobic bond, and a covalent bond.
- the peptide of the present invention has the ability to form the above-described complex and introduce a nucleic acid bound to the peptide into a cell.
- the nucleic acid is not subject to degradation and has a desired function of the nucleic acid. Has the ability to introduce nucleic acids into cells while maintaining the same.
- the nucleic acid transfection ability of the peptide used in the present invention was measured in the measurement of the nucleic acid transfection ability of Example 9 when the fluorescence count number per second of 1 mg of the protein was 100,000 or more. is there. It is preferably at least 100,000, more preferably at least 1,000,000.
- the peptide of the present invention has the above-mentioned characteristics, when a nucleic acid is introduced into a cell using the peptide, the desired function held by the nucleic acid can be exhibited in the cell as a result. is there.
- the expression of a foreign gene inserted into a plasmid in a cell to produce a desired protein or the production of a specific physiologically active substance by an antisense oligonucleotide, decoy, abdominal or lipozyme, etc. Production is suppressed.
- the “desired protein” includes not only the final active form but also the precursor.
- Example 11 and 24 described below the firefly luciferase gene incorporated into the plasmid was introduced into the cell by the peptide used in the present invention, and then transfected into the cell through the process of transcription and translation. This is a specific example of the production and accumulation of firefly luciferase.
- Example 16 and Example 25 show that the simple herpes virus-derived thymidine kinase (hereinafter referred to as HSV-tk) gene incorporated into a plasmid was introduced into tumor cells by the peptide used in the present invention. This is a specific example in which HSV-tk is produced and accumulated in tumor cells through the process of transcription and translation after introduction, and enhances the sensitivity of tumor cells to ganciclovir, thereby exhibiting a drug effect (anti-tumor effect).
- HSV-tk simple herpes virus-derived thymidine kinase
- peptide of the present invention include phospholipids other than phosphatidylserine, which have a specific affinity for phosphatidylserine in the presence of serum albumin.
- a peptide having no affinity for phosphatidylcholine For example, a peptide having no affinity for phosphatidylcholine.
- Example 20 This is shown, for example, in Example 20 or Example 21 for the peptide used in the present invention.
- phosphatidylserine is a phospholipid contained in the constituent components of the lipid bilayer that forms the cell surface, and the ratio of the phospholipid contained in the outer layer and the inner layer of the lipid bilayer changes depending on the state of the cell.
- phospholipids that are thought to have an increased proportion of the outer layer of the lipid bilayer in so-called abnormal cells such as cells at inflamed sites that have been damaged, denatured, or activated.
- the peptides of the present invention selectively bind to abnormal cells, such as cells at sites of inflammation.
- phosphatidylserine is a phospholipid that provides a ⁇ place '' for the blood coagulation reaction to progress even in vivo, and is a marker for macrophages to recognize and phagocytose apoptotic cells. is there. Therefore, the peptide of the present invention selectively binds to an abnormal cell, for example, a “field” where a blood coagulation reaction proceeds in a living body.
- the peptide of the present invention has the ability to bind to a nucleic acid and the ability to introduce the nucleic acid into cells, and has an affinity for phosphatidylserine in the presence of serum albumin.
- the peptide of the present invention has no content or is irregular in an aqueous solution containing only inorganic salts. However, it is preferable that the peptide has an ⁇ -helical structure in the presence of a specific substance.
- a “specific substance” is a substance that interacts with the peptide of the present invention to induce the peptide to adopt an ⁇ -helix structure.
- amphiphilic substances which include a surfactant such as sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) or a specific phospholipid such as phosphatidylserine.
- the presence or absence of a single-helix structure in the higher-order structure of a peptide can generally be determined by CD vector measurement. That is, when the ⁇ -helix structure is included in the higher-order structure of the peptide, the average residue ellipticity curve in the CD spectrum measurement is a curve that is a characteristic of the single helix structure, ie, a wavelength of 205 to 210. A minimal value is observed at the two places in the nm region and in the wavelength region of 220 to 225 nm, which is a so-called W-shaped curve. ("Rotatory activity of proteins (Biochemical Experiment Method 6), Kozo Hamaguchi et al. Publishing Center, 197 9 ").
- the ratio of the ⁇ -helix structure contained in the higher order structure of the peptide can be obtained by a predetermined calculation method from the measured average residue ellipticity curve.
- Typical examples of the predetermined calculation method include a method of Chen et al. (YH China eta 1., Biochem stry Vol. 11, 4120 (1972)) and a method of Yang et al. (JT Yangetal , An al. Chem., Vol. 9 1, 13 (1 978)), Wo ody, etc. (RW Wo dy eta 1., J. Mo 1. Biol., Vol. 242) , 497 (1994)).
- the calculated value differs depending on the method used. In both cases, it is preferable to specify the method used for the calculation.
- the preferred peptide of the present invention has an ⁇ -helix structure in the presence of a specific substance.
- the peptide may be a surfactant or a specific phospholipid such as phosphatidylserine on a cell membrane. Takes on a helix structure due to its interaction with amphiphiles. Thereby, the cell membrane permeability of the peptide and the substance containing the peptide is increased, and as a result, the peptide and the substance containing the peptide are rapidly transferred into cells.
- a preferred example of the peptide of the present invention is that the ⁇ -helix structure is not observed in the CD spectrum measurement of an aqueous solution containing ⁇ 5 to 8 containing no or only an inorganic salt, but ⁇ 5 to 8
- the average residue ellipticity curve showed local minimum values at two places in the wavelength region of 205 to 210 nm and in the wavelength region of 220 to 225 nm.
- This peptide has an ⁇ -helical structure.
- a peptide having a higher-order structure in which the content of a single-helix structure is 25% or more as calculated by the method of Chen or the like is preferable.
- the peptide is more preferably 30% or more. More preferably, the peptide is 35% or more.
- the peptide of the present invention has a single helix structure in an aqueous solution in the presence of an amphipathic substance. Also, because of its affinity for phosphatidylserine, it selectively accumulates on the surface of abnormal cells, for example, damaged, denatured or activated cells, and interacts with phosphatidylserine on the cell membrane. As a result, a helical structure is formed, and the helical structure is selectively taken into the cells. Further, the peptide of the present invention is preferably a peptide that does not substantially form an aggregate in the presence of a protein.
- the peptide does not take a Q! -Helical structure and its solubility is maintained even in the presence of a protein. Therefore, even when the peptide is administered to humans, the peptide does not form aggregates that cause substantial problems in blood, does not cause vascular occlusion, and increases safety. For example, the high safety of the peptide used in the present invention
- the chemically modified PEG peptide of the present invention has higher safety.
- Whether or not the peptide of the present invention substantially forms an aggregate in the presence of a protein can be determined by optically measuring the turbidity of an aqueous serum albumin solution containing the peptide. For example, wavelength 340 ⁇ ! It can be determined by measuring the absorbance of a serum albumin aqueous solution containing the peptide at a wavelength of up to 600 nm, particularly at a wavelength of 600 nm.
- the peptide of the present invention has a feature of easily binding to a nucleic acid, a feature of high solubility when forming a complex with a nucleic acid, a feature of a high ability to introduce a nucleic acid into a cell, a feature of high safety, and Since it has an affinity for phosphatidylserine in the presence of serum albumin, it has a characteristic of being selectively taken up into abnormal cells, and thus is useful as a peptide vector.
- Protein vector-1 refers to a peptide capable of introducing a desired substance into cells, and derivatives, modifications and variants thereof.
- nucleic acid and a complex of the peptide of the present invention are reacted in a solution containing the nuclease, and then the nucleic acid is extracted and electrophoresed to detect a stained image of the nucleic acid.
- the nucleic acid will not be degraded, and a stained image of the nucleic acid will be obtained. The specific method is described in Examples 18 and 19 described later.
- a substance that binds to the vector preferably a nucleic acid
- the nucleic acid is introduced into the cell to express the function of the nucleic acid in the cell Can be done.
- Examples 11 to 16 are examples in which a nucleic acid encoded by the nucleic acid is expressed in a cell by introducing a nucleic acid into the cell with the peptide in vitro used in the present invention
- Example 24 and Example 25 are examples in which the peptide used in the present invention introduced a nucleic acid into cells in vivo, thereby expressing firefly luciferase and HSV_tk encoded by the nucleic acid in cells.
- Example 25 shows that the HSV-tk gene introduced into tumor cells by the peptide used in the present invention is expressed in tumor cells and enhances the sensitivity of tumor cells to ganciclovir, thereby exhibiting a drug effect (anti-tumor effect).
- the dose of the plasmid used in this example was 1 Og, and the amount used was the same as in the pharmacological experiment (Aoki, K. eta et al.) Performed using the previously reported ribosome vector. 1..Hum. Ge ne Th , Vol. 8, 1 105 (1997)), which is much lower than the dose used (150 g).
- the peptide used in the present invention increases the stability of the nucleic acid more than the ribosome, and the conjugate of the peptide used in the present invention and the nucleic acid is more stable.
- nucleic acid Since the nucleic acid has a higher activity than ribosomes, it is useful to use the peptide used in the present invention when introducing a nucleic acid into a cell, indicating that the peptide used in the present invention is excellent as a vector for introducing a nucleic acid into a cell. ing.
- a plasmid that expresses a reporter protein green fluorescent protein (GFP) or; 3-galactosidase
- Bioactive substances that induce apoptosis and exhibit cell killing effects Fas ligand, P53, Caspase 3, Caspase 8, Bax (Bcl-2-associated X protein)> FADD (Fasassociated death doma inprotein), etc.)
- Soluble receptor for the ligand capable of suppressing the reaction induced by the ligand by competitively binding to the ligand such as TNF- ⁇ or interleukin 6 and improving the pathological condition such as rheumatoid arthritis.
- a plasmid that expresses the body A plasmid expressing a peptide Z polypeptide which suppresses the allergic reaction or a protein which is a bovine protein such as, for example, a tick antigen, as a vaccine;
- VEGF vascular endothelial cell growth factor
- HGF hepatocyte growth factor
- CDC2 is effective in suppressing restenosis after percutaneous coronary angioplasty (PTCA).
- E2F a transcriptional regulator of cell cycle regulatory gene
- NF ⁇ a transcriptional regulator of inflammatory cytokine
- the peptide of the present invention has the ability to bind to a nucleic acid and the ability to introduce the nucleic acid into cells, and has an affinity for phosphatidylserine in the presence of serum albumin.
- Nucleic acids can be introduced at a high rate into cells that are exposed on the cell surface. As a result, when a gene or nucleic acid such as antisense DNA is introduced into cells for the purpose of treating a disease, the amount of phosphatidylserine that is expressed on the cell surface is increased, resulting in damage, denaturation, or activity. As a result, more nucleic acids are selectively introduced into so-called abnormal cells, such as transformed inflammatory cells, and immunocompetent cells, that is, side effects can be reduced.
- nucleic acids are specifically introduced into the cells in which the allergic reaction has been induced by the immunocompetent cells.
- nucleic acid is introduced at a higher rate into cells that express more phosphatidylserine on the cell surface
- phosphatidyl in a desired specific cell or organ is previously determined.
- the nucleic acid can be introduced into a desired specific cell or organ at a high rate.
- the cell or organ increases the amount of phosphatidylserine expressed by the pharmacological action of the drug, and then uses the peptide of the present invention as a vector.
- Nucleic acids can be introduced into organs at a high rate.
- the chemotherapeutic agent is taken and the pharmacological effect of the chemotherapy agent is taken.
- a gene having high antitumor effect or a nucleic acid such as antisense DNA is introduced into tumor cells. Thereby, the therapeutic effect of the nucleic acid can be enhanced.
- the peptide of the present invention easily binds to a nucleic acid and introduces the nucleic acid into a cell.
- the peptide of the present invention can introduce not only nucleic acids but also peptide-binding substances into cells.
- the form of binding between the peptide of the present invention and the nucleic acid is not particularly limited, the form of binding between the peptide of the present invention and the substance is not particularly limited. Good More preferably, when the substance is introduced into cells, the binding form between the peptide of the present invention and the substance is by non-covalent bonding, and more preferably by electrostatic bonding. It is particularly preferable that the positive charge of the peptide of the present invention and the negative charge of the substance cause electrostatic binding. That is, the present invention includes introducing a peptide-binding substance into cells by the above-mentioned binding form.
- the chemically modified PEG peptide of the present invention is obtained by chemically modifying the peptide used in the present invention with PEG. Therefore, the peptide used in the present invention has excellent effects such as, for example, an improvement in the rate of incorporation of genes and drugs into target cells, an improvement in pharmacological activity, and a reduction in toxicity.
- Example 28 Even if the peptide used in the present invention was modified with activated PEG, the specific activity was not reduced (Example 28).
- the introduction rate of the peptide binding substance is improved about three times (Example 29), which is useful.
- the carrier modified with the PEG chemically modified peptide of the present invention improved the introduction rate of the drug contained in the carrier by about 3 to 33 times. (Examples 35 and 36) and also have an effect of extending the survival period of tumor-bearing mice (Example 37), which is useful.
- the peptides used in the present invention can be obtained by chemical synthesis.
- the peptides used in the present invention can also be obtained by genetic engineering techniques. Wear. In the case of using a genetic engineering technique, a desired peptide can be obtained by performing the following steps.
- the DNA encoding the peptide used in the present invention may be any DNA having a nucleotide sequence that substantially encodes the peptide used in the present invention.
- the DNA may have a base sequence in which one or more bases have been substituted based on the degeneracy of the genetic code.
- the peptide used in the present invention when produced using a genetic engineering technique, it may have a nucleotide sequence in which one or more bases have been substituted so as to be a codon frequently used in a specific host cell.
- the DNA may be a recombinant DNA, for example, a plasmid or an expression vector.
- Examples of the DNAs of SEQ ID NOs: 28 to 30 encoding the peptides of SEQ ID NOs: 1, 16, and 19 are shown.
- the step of obtaining DNA having a base sequence encoding the amino acid sequence of the peptide can be obtained, for example, by synthesizing using an automatic nucleic acid synthesizer.
- Step of incorporating the DNA into a vector to obtain a replicable recombinant DNA containing the DNA, and transforming a host cell with the recombinant DNA to obtain a transformant capable of expressing the peptide The process is described in a compendium (e.g., Molecular Cl in in, al abo ratory manu al, Sec ond editi on, T.
- peptide used in the present invention can be designed so as not to contain methionine, a peptide in which a plurality of peptides of the present invention are linked through methionine is produced by genetic engineering, and then cut with bromocyan. It is also possible to obtain.
- the chemically modified PEG peptide of the present invention can be obtained by chemically modifying the peptide used in the present invention obtained by the above method with the above PEG.
- the conditions for chemical modification of PEG are not particularly limited, and a method known to those skilled in the art can be appropriately selected.
- a peptide solution dissolved in an appropriate solvent and an activated PEG solution are mixed, and reacted at about 1 to about 40 ° C. for about 1 minute to about 24 hours.
- the amount of the activated PEG used is 0.0001 to 10,000, preferably 0.01 to 100, particularly preferably 0.1 to 100, in terms of a molar ratio to the amount of the peptide used in the present invention. 1 to 10.
- the chemically modified PEG peptide maintains the activity of the original peptide and further increases solubility, reduces antigenicity, reduces toxicity, etc. This is because more preferable properties can be provided.
- the average molecular weight of the PEG moiety of the PEG chemically modified peptide is from about 200 Da to about 100,000 Da, preferably from about 1, OO ODa to about 50,000 Da, more preferably about 2, OO ODa. ⁇ 20, OO ODa.
- the PEGylated modified peptide can maintain the activity of the original peptide and impart more desirable properties such as further increasing solubility, reducing antigenicity, and reducing toxicity. It is possible.
- the method for producing the conjugate uses the above-described peptide for use in the present invention, activated PEG and a peptide-binding substance, I) a) reacting a peptide containing a sequence of 18 amino acids with activated polyethylene glycol (PEG),
- Unnecessary PEG modification can be suppressed by forming a reactant of the peptide and the peptide binding substance in advance and modifying the reactant with PEG, so that the method II) is preferred.
- the PEG modification covers the site necessary for the function of the peptide (active center of the peptide), or changes the structure of the peptide to prevent it from approaching the target. Unnecessary PEG modification that causes a reduction in the PEG can be suppressed, and the usefulness of PEG modification can be further improved.
- reaction conditions in a) of the method I the production conditions of the PEG chemically modified peptide of the present invention described above can be selected, and the reaction conditions in the step) of the I) can be the same as those in the a) of the later described II).
- the reaction conditions in step a) of method II) are not particularly limited, and conditions under which the reaction product can be formed can be arbitrarily selected. Specifically, a peptide solution dissolved in an appropriate solvent and a peptide binding substance, respectively, are dissolved. The conditions include mixing the solution at about 1 to about 40 ° C. for about 1 minute to about 24 hours.
- reaction conditions in step b) of method II) are not particularly limited, and the conditions under which the complex can be formed can be arbitrarily selected. Specifically, the conditions for the PEG chemical modification of the peptide used in the present invention are described above. No.
- Example 27 More specifically, it is described in Example 27.
- the amount ratio of the peptide, the activated PEG and the peptide binding substance used in the present invention used in the production method depends on the use of the conjugate, the properties required for the conjugate, the characteristics, the pharmacological activity, and the safety.
- the ratio can be set arbitrarily in consideration of properties and the like.
- the peptide-binding substance used in step a) of Method II) is a ratio (+/ ⁇ ) of the number of positive charges (+) of the peptide to the number of negative charges (1) of the peptide-binding substance.
- Ratio) is 2 or more, more preferably 3 or more. The ratio is preferably 100 or less, more preferably 50 or less. Within this range, the peptide and the peptide-binding substance can form a complex.
- the activated PEG used in step b) of the method II) is in a molar ratio of 0.0001 to 10,000, preferably 0.01 to 100, particularly preferably 0.1 to 100, based on the amount of the peptide used in the present invention. 1 to 10. Within this range, activated PEG reacts with the peptide, but the modified PEGylated peptide retains the activity of the original peptide and further increases solubility, reduces antigenicity, and reduces toxicity And more This is because preferable properties can be imparted.
- Example 30 shows that the peptide used in the present invention, PEG, and the peptide-binding substance form a complex (aggregate, mixture, composition, etc.).
- Peptides having the amino acid sequences of SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 27 were subjected to solid-phase synthesis using an automatic peptide synthesizer (type 432A, manufactured by Applied Biosystems).
- an automatic peptide synthesizer type 432A, manufactured by Applied Biosystems.
- the synthesis was interrupted with the amino acid at the 25th residue not being deprotected, and an amino acid column at the 26th and subsequent residues was attached to the synthesizer. After reworking, the synthesis was resumed and the synthesis was performed. Other operation methods were in accordance with the attached operation manual unless otherwise specified.
- the peptide was precipitated in ether, the ether was removed, dissolved in distilled water and lyophilized.
- the peptides of SEQ ID NOs: 1-26 are 20% aqueous acetonitrile containing 1 OmM HC1, and the peptide of SEQ ID NO: 27 is 1 OmM H
- the peptide of SEQ ID NO: 1 to 26 was purified by a linear concentration gradient method using a 20% to 70% aqueous solution of acetonitrile containing 1 OmM HC1 to obtain a single peak, and the peptide of SEQ ID NO: 27 was purified to 1 OmM HC1
- the mixture was purified with a 15% to 50% aqueous solution of acetonitrile Z containing 15% to 50% isopropanol to obtain a single peak by a linear concentration gradient method.
- the purified peptide was lyophilized, dissolved in distilled water, and stored frozen.
- the molecular weight of the synthetic peptide obtained by mass spectrometry was measured using a MALD I-TOFMS mass spectrometer (Voyage rDE-STR, manufactured by PE Biosystems) to verify that the peptide was the target compound.
- the operating method was in accordance with the attached operation manual unless otherwise specified. The outline is as follows. In other words, "5, a—c yano— 4-hydroxyc inn ami stird (CHC A) is dissolved in 0.
- Measurement mode Line ar, po sitive Calibration: External standard method (However, standard products are 1 An giotensinl, 2 ACTH (1-17 c 1 ip), 3 ACTH (18-39 c 1 ip), 4 ACTH (7-38 c 1 ip), 5Insulin (ovine)) As a result, it was confirmed that the molecular weight of each of the synthesized and purified peptides matched the theoretical molecular weight.
- the concentration of the synthetic peptide solution obtained in Example 1 was determined by amino acid composition analysis. Amino acid composition analysis was performed by the ninhydrin method.
- the sample was dried in a glass test tube, 100 L of 6N HC1 was added, and hydrolysis was performed at 110 ° C. for 22 hours in a vacuum sealed tube. After drying the sample, it was dissolved in pure water and analyzed using an amino acid analyzer (L-8500, manufactured by Hitachi, Ltd.). The concentration of the aqueous peptide solution was 7-1 OmgZm.
- the cell length was lmm, 35 ° C, and the number of integration was 6 times.
- FIGS. 7 to 9 are graphs showing average residue ellipticity curves of the peptides of SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 4 and SEQ ID NO: 16, respectively, as measured by CD spectrum.
- the average residue ellipticity curve of the lower one is a so-called W-shaped curve with a minimum value in the wavelength region of 205 to 2101111 and a wavelength region of 220 to 225 nm, confirming that it has a single helix structure. it can.
- the peptides of SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 4 and SEQ ID NO: 16 which have been confirmed to have gene transfer ability do not adopt a «-helical structure in an aqueous solution containing only an inorganic salt, but have an ⁇ -helical structure in the presence of SDS. It was shown to take the structure.
- the 21-mer unlabeled oligonucleotide was prepared by using a ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ PC column (manufactured by Applied Biosystems) and purified using FITC-labeled 2 lmer oligonucleotide by reverse phase chromatography. Each of the preparations purified by the HPLC method was commissioned to Sadei Technology Co., Ltd. to obtain and obtain them.
- the expression plasmid using the firefly luciferase gene as a reporter gene is commercially available plasmid (pGL3-Contro 1 Vector, manufactured by Promega) in which the firefly luciferase gene is incorporated under the SV40 early promoter.
- plasmid pGL3-Contro 1 Vector, manufactured by Promega
- Expression plasmids with the HSV-tk gene as the repo overnight gene can be used as the plasmid (pEF-tk) with the HSV-tk gene integrated under the EF-1 promoter or the HSV-tk gene under the CMV initial promoter.
- the plasmid (pCMV-tk) in which the gene was integrated was used.
- These plasmids and the general-purpose plasmids pUC119 and PBR322 were amplified using Escherichia coli if necessary, and then purified and used according to a known method.
- the gel was stained with an aqueous solution of 5% Stainsall (manufactured by Funakoshi) containing 50% formamide and washed with water to determine the presence or absence of binding between the oligonucleotide and the peptide.
- Stainsall manufactured by Funakoshi
- FIG. 10 shows an electrophoretogram when the peptide of SEQ ID NO: 1 is used.
- the +/- ratio charge ratio
- the amount of the oligonucleotide bound to the peptide increased as the charge ratio (+/ ⁇ ratio) increased, and was completely bound at a charge ratio (+/ ⁇ ratio) of 10.
- binding was observed at a charge ratio (+ -ratio) of 10.
- Each of the peptides prepared by the methods described in Examples 1 to 3 was mixed so that the charge ratio (+ _ ratio) was 0 to 3, and the mixture was allowed to stand at 37 ° C for 30 minutes, followed by 1% agarose gel. was used to determine the presence or absence of binding between the plasmid and the peptide.
- FIG. 11 shows an electrophoretogram when the peptide of SEQ ID NO: 1 is used.
- the +-ratio charge ratio
- the amount of the plasmid bound to the peptide increased as the charge ratio (+ Z- ratio) increased, and completely bound at a charge ratio (+ Z- ratio) of 3.
- binding was observed at a charge ratio (+ -ratio) of 3.
- Ame ric an Typ e Culture Collection (monkey kidney-derived cell lines (Vero cells) purchased from AT CO, human bladder cancer cells (T24 cells), and human lung cancer cells purchased from Dainippon Pharma (A 549 Cells) DMEM containing 10 x 10% fetal serum (hereinafter referred to as FBS: Nichirei) in a 24-well culture plate (Nalgenunc) at 1 x 10 5 cells / well, with Vero cells and A549 cells in (Lifetech manufactured Oriental Co.), T 24 cells cultured for 24 hours at 1 0% FB S-containing Mc C 0 y 's 5 a 5% C_ ⁇ 2 atmosphere at (Lifetech manufactured Oriental Co.), 37 ° C did.
- FBS fetal serum
- the concentration of the luciferase expression plasmid prepared in Example 7 will be 1 g / mL, and the concentration of the peptide prepared in Example 1 will be 1.25, 2.5, or 5 M. 0 pti-MEM (manufactured by Life Tech Oriental) prepared as described above was added and cultured for 5 hours. Subsequently, the culture medium was replaced with 10% FBS-containing DMEM for Ver0 cells and A549 cells, and the T24 cells were replaced with 10% FBS-containing McCoy's 5a in a 5% C ⁇ 2 atmosphere.
- the luciferase activity expressed in the cells was measured according to the method of Luciferase Atsushi System (Promega). That is, the cells were washed with phosphate-buffered saline (hereinafter referred to as PBS: manufactured by SI GMA), and the cells were lysed with Passive Lysis Buffer included in the kit.
- PBS phosphate-buffered saline
- the protein concentration in the cell lysate was determined by dissolving the cell lysate in 792 L of ultrapure water in a disposable cuvette (UV Keiko cuvette A204X: manufactured by Funakoshi). After mixing 8 L with Protein Atsushi solution (Bio-Rad) 200 ⁇ L, allow to stand at room temperature for 5 minutes, and measure with a spectrophotometer (DU640: Beckman) at an absorbance of 595 nm. did. Standard serum albumin (BSA) was used.
- BSA Standard serum albumin
- the number of counts per second per 1 mg of protein in the cell lysate was calculated as the luciferase activity, and the one that showed the highest value among the three conditions with different peptide concentrations was the gene transfer capability of that peptide.
- Ve ro Cells chamber one with slides implantation at a ratio of 1 x 1 0 5 cells per Ueru of (L ab- T ek II ch amb er S lidesize 4 we 1 1 Narujenunku Co.), 1 0% FBS containing 5% C_ ⁇ 2 Kiri ⁇ care under DMEM, 37 ° ⁇ Among 24 hours, and cultured. After removing the medium, opti-MEM containing the FITC-labeled oligonucleotide at a concentration of 300 nM prepared in Example 6 and 2.5 M of the peptide of SEQ ID NO: 1 prepared in Example 1 was added and cultured for 4 hours.
- FIG. 12 is a graph comparing the difference in the amount of plasmid introduced into cells depending on the presence or absence of the peptide of SEQ ID NO: 1 with luciferase activity. As shown in the figure, it was confirmed that the peptide of SEQ ID NO: 1 had an ability to introduce a nucleic acid into cells. On the other hand, in the absence of the peptide of SEQ ID NO: 1, the nucleic acid was not introduced into cells.
- the ability of the peptides of SEQ ID NOs: 2 to 18 obtained by substituting one or two amino acids in the ⁇ 18 amino acid sequence exhibiting the tetrahedral structure of the present invention '' to introduce nucleic acid into cells was Evaluation was performed according to the method described in Example 9. As a result, it was found that each peptide had the ability to introduce nucleic acids into cells.
- the nucleic acid transfection ability was classified as follows based on the number of fluorescence counts per second per 1 mg of protein (cpsZmgprotine), and the results are shown in Table 2.
- SEQ ID NO: 1 corresponds to 3+ in the above classification.
- Table 2 SEQ ID NO: nucleic acid ability to introduce SEQ ID NO: 2 3 + SEQ ID NO: 3 2 + Rooster P column J number pa r j 4 * 4 + t3 [L chestnut ⁇ 9 4- eye Tari 3 ⁇ 4F 0 4 ⁇ -? Ffi 7 i ⁇ ! JS. 1 0
- Example 9 describes the ability of the peptides of SEQ ID NOs: 19 to 22 obtained by substituting three amino acids in the "18 amino acid sequence showing the tetrahedral structure of the present invention" with reference to the peptide of SEQ ID NO: 1 to introduce into a cell a nucleic acid.
- This peptide had the ability to introduce nucleic acids into cells.
- the nucleic acid introduction ability was classified according to the method described in Example 12 based on the number of fluorescence counts per second per mg of protein, and the results are shown in Table 2.
- each peptide had the ability to introduce nucleic acids into cells.
- the nucleic acid introduction ability was classified according to the method described in Example 12 based on the number of fluorescence counts per second per mg of protein, and the results are shown in Table 2.
- Cancer cells include human uterine cancer cells MES—SAZDx5 (purchased from ATCC), human kidney-derived transformed cells 293 (purchased from ATCC), human hepatoma cells SK—HEP-1 (purchased from ATCC), human ovarian cancer Cell SK— OV— 3 (ATCC Rat brain tumor cells F 98 (purchased from AT CC), mouse melanoma cells 816 81 ⁇ 6 (transferred from Institute of Immunology, Hokkaido University), human uterine cancer cells MES-SA (purchased from AT CC) , Mouse lung cancer cells Lewis Lung Careinoma (transferred from the Cancer Research Foundation) mouse liver cancer cells MH134 (transferred from the Central Research Institute for Experimental Animals) human uterine cancer cells MES—SA / Mx2 ( Human medulloblastoma cells Daoy (purchased from ATCC), human cervical cancer cells HeLa (purchased from ATCC), human breast cancer cells MCF7 (purchased from ATCC), human glioblastoma cells
- the growth medium used for culturing each cell is described in Table 5.
- the additive NEAA product of ICN
- Na ⁇ Pyr product of ICN
- All FBS's were from Nichirei and the medium was from Lifetech Oriental, and penicillin'streptomycin (ICN) was added to all growth media.
- Example 7 was adjusted to 1 xg / mL, and the concentration of the peptide prepared in Example 1 was adjusted to 2.5 ng / mL.
- Opti-MEM prepared to be M was added and cultured for 5 hours.
- the HSV-tk expression plasmid prepared in Example 7 was incorporated into Lewis Lung Carcoma cells (mouse lung cancer cells) using the peptide of SEQ ID NO: 16 prepared in Example 1, and ganciclovir (hereinafter referred to as GCV). Note) The effect of enhancing sensitivity was examined. That is, implantation at the rate of the cells 5 X 1 0 3 cells 96We 1 1 culture plate (Narujenunku Co.), 1 5% C_ ⁇ 2 atmosphere at 0% FBS-containing D MEM, were cultured for 24 hours at 37 ° C for .
- a WST-1 solution (Takara Shuzo Co., Ltd.) was added to each well at 1 O ⁇ L, and after reacting for 1 hour, the absorbance was measured using a multilabel counter at a measurement wavelength of 620 nm and a reference wavelength of 450 nm.
- the cell growth was suppressed depending on the dose of GCV.
- cells into which the luciferase expression plasmid was introduced had no GCV sensitivity-enhancing effect.
- the storage stability of the plasmid-peptide complex was evaluated.
- the luciferase expression plasmid concentration prepared in Example 7 is 2 z / gZmL , And opti-MEM prepared so that the peptide concentration of SEQ ID NO: 4 prepared in Example 1 was 5 M, and one week (7 days) prepared immediately before gene introduction. Using each of the cells stored at 4 ° C., the luciferase expression plasmid was introduced into Vero cells according to the method described in Example 9, and the luciferase activity was measured.
- Fig. 14 shows the relative value of the gene transfer activity of the peptide plasmid complex stored for one week at 4 assuming that the gene transfer activity of the peptide plasmid complex prepared immediately before gene transfer was 100%. . As shown in FIG. 14, the gene transfer activity of the peptide / plasmid complex stored at 4 t for one week was almost equivalent to the gene transfer activity of the complex prepared immediately before gene transfer.
- Fig. 16 shows the electropherogram. As is clear from the figure, the peptide of SEQ ID NO: 16 was shown to have the ability to impart nuclease resistance to the plasmid.
- Enzyme Immu no A ssay is performed according to the general method described in a compendium ("Enzyme Immunoassay (Third Edition)", Eiji Ishikawa et al., Medical School, 1987). Was used to measure human Factor VIII bound to phosphatidylserine.
- an anti-human Factor VIII mouse monoclonal antibody (ESH8: American Diagnostica) as a primary antibody
- a horseradish peroxidase-labeled anti-mouse IgG antibody (P0260, Dako) as a secondary antibody
- the absorbance is measured at a measurement wavelength of 450 nm and a reference wavelength of 630 nm using a spectrophotometer (NJ- 2100 type, manufactured by Inuichi Med).
- the intensity of the affinity of the peptide for phosphatidylserine is the control value (100%) obtained by subtracting the absorbance of the peptide without human Fact0 rVIII and the absorbance of the peptide without human Fact0 rVIII only. and then, IC 5 peptide concentration becomes 0.5 when divided by the control value a value obtained by subtracting the absorbance of Ueru added only various peptides from the absorbance Ueru added by mixing human Fa ctor VIII and peptides.
- the IC 5 Q value was 1 or less, it was defined as +10, and when it was more than 1 M and 10 M or less, it was defined as 10. In the case of 10 / M or more, it was determined that there was no specific affinity. Table 4 shows the results.
- the peptide of SEQ ID NO: 1 binds more strongly in the flow cell 2 in which 50% phosphatidylserine / 50% phosphatidylcholine is immobilized, compared to the flow cell 1 in which phosphatidylcholine is immobilized, and has a specific affinity for phosphatidylserine.
- the peptide of SEQ ID NO: 25, in which the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 is randomly replaced binds to the flow cell 1 on which phosphatidylcholine is immobilized and the flow cell 2 on which phosphatidylserine 50% and nophosphatidylcholine 50% are immobilized. No affinity was shown ( Figure 18).
- Example 22 Correlation between phosphatidylserine expression level and transfection efficiency (Selectivity)
- the cell surface of phosphatidylserine was determined. The study was carried out using cells with different expression amounts to the cells. That is, the luciferase expression plasmid prepared in Example 7 using the peptide of SEQ ID NO: 1 prepared in Example 1 according to the description of Example 9 using the cells of Vero, A549, and T24. And luciferase activity was measured.
- the amount of phosphatidylserine expressed outside the cell membrane of various cells Is labeled using FITC-labeled Annexin V (ANNEX I NV-F ITC: Pharmingen) according to the attached instructions, and measured by flow cytometry (FACSC alibur: Becton Dickinson) did. That is, various cultured cells cultured in a culture flask are detached, mixed with a FITC-labeled Annexin V solution, and the FITC fluorescence intensity of the cells is measured by flow cytometry, and the average fluorescence intensity of each cell is determined by the phosphatidyl of the cell line. Serine expression was used. As a result, as shown in Table 5, the amount of phosphatidylserine expressed (the amount of Annexin V binding) was correlated with the gene transfer activity of the peptide vector.
- plasmid-introducing lipofectin Lipofectin: manufactured by Lifetech Oriental
- the plasmid was equally introduced into all cells, and phosphatidylcholine was introduced. It was shown that it did not specifically recognize the gillserine.
- RBL-2H3 rat basophil-derived cultured cells purchased from ATCC
- sensitized with a DNP mouse monoclonal IgE antibody manufactured by SIGMA
- DNP-BSA DNP-BSA
- luciferase gene was introduced into the cells using the peptide of SEQ ID NO: 16 according to the method described in Example 9, and the luciferase activity was measured.
- RBL-2H3 cells were inoculated into a 24-well plate at a ratio of 3 ⁇ 10 5 cells, and an anti-DNP mouse monoclonal IgE antibody was added to a concentration of 100 ng ZmL, followed by 24 hours. Cultured.
- DNP-BSA was added to a concentration of 10 ng / mL to induce a degranulation reaction for 45 minutes. After further removing the medium, each well was washed with physiological saline, and the concentration of the luciferase expression plasmid prepared in Example 7 was adjusted to 1 g / mL, and the concentration of the peptide of SEQ ID NO: 16 prepared in Example 1 was adjusted to 2.5 M, and cultured for 5 hours.
- the medium 15% inactivated FBS-containing MEM (NEAA, N a ⁇ P yr added) was replaced with, 5% C0 2 atmosphere, and cultured for 1 day at 37. Thereafter, the cells were detached, and the luciferase activity was measured by the method described in Example 9. On the other hand, the amount of phosphatidylserine expressed by the degranulation reaction of RBL-2H3 cells was measured by the method described below. That is, RBL was placed on a 6-well culture plate (Nalgenunc).
- One 2H3 cells were inoculated at a ratio of 1.5 ⁇ 10 6 cells, and an anti-DNP mouse monoclonal IgE antibody was further added to a concentration of 10 OngZmL.MEM containing 15% inactivated FBS (NEAA, Na The cells were cultured at 37 ° C. for 24 hours in a 5% C 2 atmosphere. After washing each well twice with PBS, DNP-BSA was added to 1 OngZmL to induce a degranulation reaction for 45 minutes. After detaching the cells, the cells were labeled using FITC-labeled Annexin V (manufactured by MBL) according to the attached instructions, and the cells were measured by flow cytometry.
- FITC-labeled Annexin V manufactured by MBL
- the ability of the peptide to transfer nucleic acid to cells possessed by the peptide was examined using a Meth_A mouse sarcoma cell transplanted ascites tumor model. That is, Meth-A cells were transplanted into the abdominal cavity of BALB / c mice (purchased from Japan Charles River) at 4 ⁇ 10 6 cells, and 4 days later, 30 g of the luciferase expression plasmid prepared in Example 7 was used. The mixture of 113 nmol of the peptide of SEQ ID NO: 16 prepared in Example 1 was intraperitoneally administered. One day later, the mice were sacrificed, Meth-A cells in the peritoneal cavity were collected, and luciferase activity was measured.
- L ew is Lung C arein oma cells C 57 BL / 6 mice 1 X 1 0 5 and cell transplantation intraperitoneally (Japan Chiya purchased from one Luz Lipa), prepared HSV tk expression in Example 7
- a mixture of 10 g of the plasmid and the peptide of SEQ ID NO: 16 (40 nmo1) prepared in Example 1 was intraperitoneally administered after cell transplantation, and GCV was administered at a dose of 3 OmgZkgZday from day 1 to 8 after transplantation. It was administered to the eyes.
- mice As a result, as shown in Figure 22, the average survival time of mice was 14 days in both the saline-administered group and the group administered with GCV alone at a dose of 3 OmgZkgZday, whereas the HSV_tk expression plasmid was In the group to which a mixture of 10 g and 40 nmo 1 of the peptide of SEQ ID NO: 16 was administered and then GCV was administered at a dose of 3 Omg / kgZday, all mice survived even on day 20 after cell transplantation.
- Toxicity was evaluated by administering the peptide used in the present invention from the tail vein of the mouse. Mice were 5 weeks old and female BALB / c was used. kg. As a result, administration of the peptide (SEQ ID NO: 16) used in the present invention did not affect mice. This indicates that the peptide used in the present invention does not form an aggregate in blood and is highly safe.
- the complex of plasmid and peptide was modified with activated polyethylene glycol (PEG).
- PEG polyethylene glycol
- a PEG-modified plasmid Z peptide complex used for gene transfer with inVitro was prepared by the following method.
- the luciferase activity of the Vero cells transfected with the PEG-modified complex was equivalent to the luciferase activity of the Vero cells transfected with the non-PEG-modified complex.
- the gene transfer ability of the plasmid-peptide complex was not reduced even by the PEG modification.
- mice were sensitized with oval bum in (hereinafter referred to as OVA) by the following method.
- OVA oval bum in
- OVA Egg A 1 ub urn in, 5 x Cryst, Seikagaku was prepared with 1.8% aqueous sodium salt solution to a concentration of 32 gZmL.
- an aluminum hydroxide gel Alu-Ge1-S, manufactured by SERVA was prepared with ultrapure water to make SmgZmL, and the solution was cooled with ice and stirred as described above.
- the OVA solution was mixed in equal volumes to prepare an OVA / aluminum hydroxide gel solution. Subsequently, OVA sensitization was performed by injecting 500 L of this OVAZ aluminum hydroxide gel solution into the abdominal cavity of a BALBZc mouse (male, 4w, Nippon Charles Riva). The sensitization was performed twice in 5 days.
- PEG 2 PEG-modified pCMV-LucZ peptide conjugate
- SEQ ID NO: 16 an unmodified PEG
- the luciferase activity was clearly higher in the lungs of the mice administered with the PEG-modified conjugate than in the lungs of mice administered with the PEG-unmodified conjugate.
- Example 30 Identification of PEG-modified PEG-modified peptide present in plasmid-peptide complex
- the reaction solution (55 OL) of the pCMV-LucZ peptide complex (PEG1) prepared in Example 27 was transferred to a centrifugal ultrafilter Centric on YM-100 (manufactured by Amicon) and heated at 4 ° C. Centrifugation was performed at 100 Oxg for 10 minutes to separate and remove unreacted free peptide and free PEG. Add 500 / iL of physiological saline to the filter, repeat centrifugation at 1,000 xg for 10 minutes at 4 times, and wash three times. Then, add 50% of non-reduced SDS sample buffer (Daiichi Pure Chemicals). The mixture was allowed to stand at room temperature for 5 minutes, and the sample solution (M) containing the pCMV-Luc peptide complex (PEG1) remaining on the ultrafiltration membrane was recovered.
- this sample solution (M) 25 was subjected to SDS polyacrylamide electrophoresis (20 mA constant current, 90 minutes) using a 5-20% gradient gel ( ⁇ 1 ⁇ 1).
- the gel after electrophoresis was stained with a silver staining kit II (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.).
- peptide 16 CC and peptide 16 NC were automatically converted to a peptide synthesizer (Applied Biosystems) , 433) according to the attached operation manual. Cleavage, perform deprotection reaction, precipitate peptide in ether, remove ether, dissolve in distilled water and freeze-dry did.
- Synthetic phospholipid-conjugated PEG with peptide 16CC or peptide 16NC attached to the end of PEG of synthetic phospholipid (DSPE-20MA, manufactured by NOF CORPORATION) to which PEG having a maleimide group is added at the end (Hereinafter referred to as DSPE_16CC and DSPE-16NC, respectively) were prepared. That is, an aqueous solution of DSPE_20 MA was prepared to have a concentration of 6 mo 1 ZmL, and an aqueous solution of peptide 16 CC and an aqueous solution of peptide 16 NC were added at 150 nmo 1 mL, 300 nmo 1 / mL, 600 nmo, respectively.
- a ribosome preparation modified with a PEG chemically modified peptide was prepared.
- doxorubicin-containing ribosomes were prepared using negatively charged ribosomes (EL-A-01, manufactured by NOF Corporation) and doxorubicin hydrochloride (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.). That is, ELA-01 is suspended in a 5% glucose solution to 50 ⁇ mo 1 ZmL, and doxorubicin hydrochloride is dissolved in a 5% glucose solution to 5 xmo 1 mL, and EL-A-01 suspension is added. An equal amount of the suspension (30 ⁇ L) and the doxorubicin hydrochloride solution 30 were mixed and heated at 6 Ot: for 5 minutes.
- DSPE-16 ( ⁇ or 03? £ -16NC prepared in Example 32 was fused to the surface of the liposome containing doxorubicin. That is, the liposome solution containing doxorubicin prepared as described above ( 60 L) was mixed with 75 L of the solution containing DSPE-16 CC or DSPE-16 NC prepared in Example 32, and heated at 60 for 5 minutes.
- the reacted mixture was centrifuged (10,000 g, 20 minutes, 4), and the supernatant was removed to remove doxorubicin not included in the ribosome. This operation was repeated once more, and finally suspended in 12 O ⁇ L of a 5% glucose solution to obtain liposomes containing doxorubicin modified with PEG chemically modified peptides.
- the concentration of doxorubicin in the ribosome prepared in Example 33 was quantified. sand That is, the ribosome solution prepared in Example 33 was mixed with 20% of the ribosome solution prepared in Example 3 and a 5% glucose solution 180, diluted 10-fold, and further mixed with 400 L of isopropyl alcohol to disintegrate the ribosome. The amount of doxorubicin released in was measured by absorbance at 470 nm. On the other hand, 5% glucose solutions containing 0, 12.5, 25, 50, and 100 g / mL doxorubicin were prepared as standard samples, and 200 L of each was mixed with 400 L of isopropyl alcohol to prepare a calibration curve. .
- the cell growth inhibitory effect of doxorubicin-containing ribosomes modified with DSPE-16CC prepared by the method of Example 33 was evaluated in B16-BL6 mouse melanoma cells and Meth-A mouse sarcoma cells.
- the amount of phosphatidylserine on the cell surface was measured according to the method described in Example 23.
- B16—BL6 cells and Meth—A cells were treated with FITC-labeled Ann exinV and measured by flow cytometry.
- the average fluorescence intensity of 816—86 was 735 and Meth_A cells were 114. Yes, B 16—BL 6 cells were higher.
- B 16- BL6 cells and Me th- A cells each 96 ⁇ El plates implantation at a ratio of 1 x 10 3 cells were cultured 37 ° C, 5% C0 2 1 day under atmosphere.
- the doxorubicin-containing ribosomes modified with DSPE-16CC were added to each cell at 0, 10, 30, 100, 300, 1000, was added at a dose of 3000 ng / mL, added further 37 ° C, 5% C0 2 2 days after culturing in an atmosphere, WST-1 solution (TAKARA Co.) to each Ueru by 10 L The color was developed.
- WST-1 solution TAKARA Co.
- the cell growth-suppressing effect of the doxorubicin-containing ribosome modified with DSPE-16 NC prepared by the method of Example 33 was evaluated in B16-BL6 mouse melanoma cells according to the method described in Example 35. As a result, 2.5%, 5%, and 10% of the total PEG molecules present on the ribosome surface correspond to PEG chemically modified peptides.
- the cell growth inhibitory effect of ribosomes containing doxorubicin shows that doxorubicin does not contain PEG chemically modified peptides. in comparison with the inclusion ribosome, IC 5. A maximum of about 10-fold enhancement effect was observed (Table 7).
- the effect of the doxorubicin-containing ribosome modified with DSPE-16NC prepared by the method of Example 33 on prolongation of the survival time of tumor-bearing mice was evaluated in B16-BL6 melanoma cell-bearing mice. That is, 1.0 x 10 6 B 16—BL 6 mouse melanoma cells were implanted intradermally into the flanks of C57 / BL 6 mice (7-week-old, female, Nippon Chillers River) and transplanted. On the 6th day, grouping was performed using the tumor volume as an index. Control (5% glucose only) and each ribosome preparation (dose of 5 mg / kg in terms of doxorubicin) were administered on days 6 and 9 after cell transplantation.
- the average survival time of the mice receiving only 5% glucose was 30.4 days, and the average survival time of the mice receiving the doxorubicin-containing liposome containing no PEG chemically modified peptide was 39.2 days.
- the average survival time of tumor-bearing mice treated with doxorubicin-containing ribosomes in which 6% of the total PEG molecules present on the surface correspond to PEG chemically modified peptides was 48.0 days.
- the amino acid composition of the peptide of SEQ ID NO: 1 is the same as that of the peptide of SEQ ID NO: 25. Function was evaluated according to the method described in Example 9, and phosphatidylserine affinity was evaluated according to the method described in Example 20. As a result, neither nucleic acid introduction ability nor phosphatidylserine affinity was observed. The CD spectrum was measured according to the method described in Example 5. As a result, no single-helix structure was observed in the presence of SDS.
- SEQ ID NO: 1 The peptide of SEQ ID NO: 1 was subjected to amino acid substitution, and SEQ ID NO: 26, which was a peptide not containing the ⁇ 18 amino acid sequence exhibiting the tetrahedral structure of the present invention '', was evaluated for its ability to introduce nucleic acids according to the method described in Example 9. . As a result, the fluorescence count was less than 10,000, and no nucleic acid introduction ability was observed.
- the affinity of polylysine (average molecular weight: 11000) for phosphatidylserine was evaluated according to the method described in Example 20. As a result, no phosphatidylserine affinity was observed. Further, the absorbance in the BSA solution was measured according to the method described in Example 4. As a result, the measured value was 1 or more, and the formation of aggregates was confirmed.
- the present invention it is possible to prepare a complex with a substance that binds to a peptide, which is highly safe (easy operability) and excellent in solubility of the complex. It is possible to provide a novel PEG chemically modified peptide which is excellent in transfer selectivity and has a high transfer efficiency, does not decrease in specific activity due to PEG chemical modification, and a method for producing the same.
- a complex of a PEG chemically modified peptide and a substance that binds to the peptide and a method for producing the same can be provided.
- a carrier modified with a PEG chemically modified peptide and a method for producing the same can be provided.
- the peptide of the present invention has an ability to bind to a nucleic acid and an ability to introduce the nucleic acid into a cell, and thus is useful as a peptide vector.
- the nucleic acid is given nuclease resistance. To be stable.
- the peptide has affinity for phosphatidylserine.
- the site where the so-called immune response reaction such as cell activation by inflammation or immunocompetent cells and Z or disorder or apoptosis is progressing the site where abnormal cell division progresses and the so-called cell becomes cancerous, Areas where blood coagulation reaction or arteriosclerosis progresses to damage the cells making up the blood vessels, areas where the damage reaction of cells by active oxygen progresses, or activation and / or damage reaction of cells by proteolytic enzymes Since the nucleic acid is selectively introduced into cells, tissues and organs at the site of progress, the dosage of the nucleic acid can be reduced, and side effects are reduced.
- the PEG-modified peptide of the present invention retains the above-mentioned features and effects, and furthermore, by the activated PEG chemical modification, for example, improves the uptake rate of genes and drugs into target cells, improves pharmacological activity, reduces toxicity, etc. Excellent.
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Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
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US10/510,563 US20050277586A1 (en) | 2002-04-11 | 2003-04-11 | Peptide chemically modified with polyethylene glycol |
JP2003582180A JPWO2003084985A1 (ja) | 2002-04-11 | 2003-04-11 | ポリエチレングリコール化学修飾ペプチド |
AU2003236096A AU2003236096A1 (en) | 2002-04-11 | 2003-04-11 | Peptide chemically modified with polyethylene glycol |
CA002481979A CA2481979A1 (en) | 2002-04-11 | 2003-04-11 | Peptides chemically modified with polyethylene glycol |
EP03745998A EP1493748A1 (en) | 2002-04-11 | 2003-04-11 | Peptide chemically modified with polyethylene glycol |
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WO2003084985A1 true WO2003084985A1 (fr) | 2003-10-16 |
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PCT/JP2003/004614 WO2003084985A1 (fr) | 2002-04-11 | 2003-04-11 | Peptide chimiquement modifie a l'aide de polyethyleneglycol |
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US (1) | US20050277586A1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1493748A1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JPWO2003084985A1 (ja) |
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JP2016147905A (ja) * | 2007-01-19 | 2016-08-18 | カイ ファーマシューティカルズ インコーポレーティッド | ペプチド組成物の安定性および送達効率を上昇させるための修飾方法 |
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US8168592B2 (en) | 2005-10-21 | 2012-05-01 | Amgen Inc. | CGRP peptide antagonists and conjugates |
US20160151511A1 (en) | 2014-12-02 | 2016-06-02 | Antriabio, Inc. | Proteins and protein conjugates with increased hydrophobicity |
RU2730848C2 (ru) | 2015-06-04 | 2020-08-26 | Резолют, Инк. | Способы пэгилирования по аминогруппе для получения сайт-специфичных конъюгатов белков |
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WO2000044348A2 (en) * | 1999-01-27 | 2000-08-03 | The Board Of Trustees Of The University Of Illinois | Materials and methods for making improved micelle compositions |
WO2001049324A2 (en) * | 1999-12-30 | 2001-07-12 | Novartis Ag | Novel colloid synthetic vectors for gene therapy |
-
2003
- 2003-04-11 US US10/510,563 patent/US20050277586A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-04-11 WO PCT/JP2003/004614 patent/WO2003084985A1/ja not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2003-04-11 EP EP03745998A patent/EP1493748A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2003-04-11 AU AU2003236096A patent/AU2003236096A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-04-11 CA CA002481979A patent/CA2481979A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-04-11 JP JP2003582180A patent/JPWO2003084985A1/ja not_active Withdrawn
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WO2000044348A2 (en) * | 1999-01-27 | 2000-08-03 | The Board Of Trustees Of The University Of Illinois | Materials and methods for making improved micelle compositions |
WO2001049324A2 (en) * | 1999-12-30 | 2001-07-12 | Novartis Ag | Novel colloid synthetic vectors for gene therapy |
Non-Patent Citations (4)
Title |
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KAZUO MARUYAMA: "PEG-liposomes ni yoru DDS no rinsho oyo", JAPANESE JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE, vol. 56, no. 3, 1998, pages 632 - 637, XP000858864 * |
MARUYAMA K. ET AL.: "Targetability of novel immunoliposomes modigied with amphipathic poly(ethylene glycol)s conjugated at their distal terminals to monoclonal antibodies", BIOCHIM. BIOPHYS. ACTA, vol. 1234, no. 1, 8 March 1995 (1995-03-08), pages 74 - 80, XP000858838 * |
NIIDOME T. ET AL.: "Binding of cationic alpha-helical peptides to plasmid DNA and their gene transfer abilities into cells", J. BIOL. CHEM., vol. 272, no. 24, 13 January 1997 (1997-01-13), pages 15307 - 15312, XP002149406 * |
SAKAKIBARA T. ET AL.: "Doxorubicin encapsulated in sterically stabilized liposomes is superior to free drug or drug-containing conventional liposomes at suppressing growth and metastases of human lung tumor xenografts", CANCER RES., vol. 56, no. 16, 15 August 1996 (1996-08-15), pages 3743 - 3746, XP002970478 * |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JP2016147905A (ja) * | 2007-01-19 | 2016-08-18 | カイ ファーマシューティカルズ インコーポレーティッド | ペプチド組成物の安定性および送達効率を上昇させるための修飾方法 |
JP2018111717A (ja) * | 2007-01-19 | 2018-07-19 | カイ ファーマシューティカルズ インコーポレーティッド | ペプチド組成物の安定性および送達効率を上昇させるための修飾方法 |
JP2021098725A (ja) * | 2007-01-19 | 2021-07-01 | カイ ファーマシューティカルズ インコーポレーティッド | ペプチド組成物の安定性および送達効率を上昇させるための修飾方法 |
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CA2481979A1 (en) | 2003-10-16 |
EP1493748A1 (en) | 2005-01-05 |
AU2003236096A1 (en) | 2003-10-20 |
US20050277586A1 (en) | 2005-12-15 |
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