WO2003071260A1 - Sensorelement, insbesondere planares gassensorelement - Google Patents
Sensorelement, insbesondere planares gassensorelement Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2003071260A1 WO2003071260A1 PCT/DE2002/004412 DE0204412W WO03071260A1 WO 2003071260 A1 WO2003071260 A1 WO 2003071260A1 DE 0204412 W DE0204412 W DE 0204412W WO 03071260 A1 WO03071260 A1 WO 03071260A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- insert
- sensor element
- heater
- element according
- layer
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
- H05B3/22—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible
- H05B3/28—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material
- H05B3/283—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material the insulating material being an inorganic material, e.g. ceramic
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
- G01N27/403—Cells and electrode assemblies
- G01N27/406—Cells and probes with solid electrolytes
- G01N27/4067—Means for heating or controlling the temperature of the solid electrolyte
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
- H05B2203/022—Heaters specially adapted for heating gaseous material
Definitions
- the invention relates to a sensor element, in particular a planar gas sensor element such as a lambda probe or a nitrogen oxide sensor based on a solid electrolyte, with a sensor structure which can be heated by means of a heater structure, according to the preamble of the main claim.
- a sensor element in particular a planar gas sensor element such as a lambda probe or a nitrogen oxide sensor based on a solid electrolyte, with a sensor structure which can be heated by means of a heater structure, according to the preamble of the main claim.
- planar gas sensor elements (“ambda-probes”)
- a heating device integrated in a multilayer ceramic layer structure
- the heating primarily serving to stabilize the signal of the sensor element described in the application DE 199 06 908 AI to execute a heater structure between two ceramic layers as a platinum resistance conductor track, which is in the hot area of the gas sensor element, ie in the area in which the measuring and reference electrode is also located, and which to the is exposed to analyzing gas, is meandering.
- the object of the present invention was to provide a sensor element with a heater structure which has the smallest possible capacitive electrical coupling to the assigned sensor structure or to the ion conductor or solid electrolyte used there. Furthermore, it was an object of the invention to supply the heat generated by the heater structure as far as possible to the sensor structure, and at the same time to avoid mechanical stresses within the sensor element.
- the sensor element according to the invention has the advantage over the prior art that the heater structure has only a slight capacitive coupling with respect to the sensor structure, so that the actual sensor function is at least virtually unaffected by the heater structure, apart from the desired heating.
- the construction of the sensor element according to the invention ensures that mechanical stresses within the sensor element are suppressed as much as possible and that the sensor structure arranged in the vicinity of the heater structure is effectively and quickly heated by the heater structure.
- the hot area of the heater structure is inserted between two electrically insulating inserts or “inlays”, which preferably consist of aluminum oxide.
- the hot area of the heater structure is integrated into the sensor element, the electrically insulating one Inlays together with the heater structure form an insulation body which is completely or partially enclosed with further layers of the sensor element, which usually consist essentially of zirconium dioxide.
- the intermediate layer which preferably consists of aluminum oxide
- the adjacent layer which preferably consists of zirconium dioxide
- the electrically insulating insert and preferably also the one further provided second insert each have a thickness of 100 .mu.m to 1000 .mu.m, in particular from 200 .mu.m to 500 .mu.m, ie they are significantly thicker than in the prior art.
- first spacer layer laterally surrounds the first recess occupied by the electrically insulating first insert in the form of a closed frame
- second spacer layer also preferably laterally surrounding the second recess occupied by the second insert also in the form of a closed frame.
- intermediate layers between the insert and the adjacent layer which preferably consists of zirconium dioxide
- these intermediate layers have a low sintering activity and in particular do not sinter densely, so that they remain porous after sintering and can act as stress-balancing layers.
- one or both intermediate layers can also be designed as layers that absorb mechanical stress, which provides particularly good adhesion and particularly good cohesion between the insert and the intermediate layer on the one hand and between the intermediate layer and the side of the intermediate layer facing away from the insert, which in the Usually consists of zirconium dioxide, on the other hand presupposes.
- the material for the intermediate layer is a magnesium-aluminum spinel such as MgAl 2 O or barium hexaaluminate in the case of the stress-compensating layer or in the case of the stress-absorbing layer Layer a mixture of zirconium dioxide and aluminum oxide was found to be particularly suitable.
- the desired low capacitive coupling is further reinforced by the fact that by means of the intermediate layers, at least the thickness of the electrically insulating first insert, but preferably the thickness of the optionally used second insert, can be comparatively large without it being due to the lower thermal expansion of aluminum oxide compared to zirconium dioxide deformations or cracks in the sensor element during its manufacture by sintering or its operation, in particular when there are temperature changes.
- the rear area of the sensor element in the area of the inserts used i.e. the side of the sensor element opposite the heater supply line, is now enclosed by the spacer layers designed as frames is so that zirconium dioxide, for example, which is poorly heat-conducting and which avoids an undesired outflow of heat, is now also present in this rear region, corresponding to the material of the spacer layers.
- this rear area can now have a lateral extent, defined by the width of the frame, of substantially more than 300 ⁇ m, in particular 500 ⁇ m to 2000 ⁇ m, which likewise serves to reduce the heat flow.
- the second insert used or a porosity generated, in particular, with the aid of a pore former during a sintering process used in the manufacture of the sensor element has porous cavity structure.
- the second insert can also be provided with cuboid, cylindrical or lenticular cutouts or recesses for this purpose.
- the electrically insulating first insert used on the side of the heater structure facing the sensor structure also has a porosity or porous cavity structure, in particular produced with the aid of a pore former, and / or that the first insert also has, for example, cuboid, cylindrical or lenticular recesses ,
- the first insert also has, for example, cuboid, cylindrical or lenticular recesses .
- a porosity of the inserts or the provision of milled recesses or recesses therein is generally advantageous in order to reduce mechanical stresses.
- the first and / or the second insert have at least one recess in regions, preferably a plurality of cuts or slits crossing them which are arranged in such a way that in plan view above or below an area occupied by the heater structure.
- these cuts or slots are provided in the inlays exactly at the points where the heater structure is not currently located below or above.
- inserts made of aluminum oxide the dense, d. H. are non-porous, the first and / or second insert has the advantage that they provide very good electrical insulation of the heater structure from the surrounding zirconium dioxide layers, and that this also prevents platinum from diffusing into the insert from the heater structure.
- inserts made of aluminum oxide have a comparatively good thermal conductivity, which improves the effective heating of the sensor structure.
- the inserted first insert and / or the inserted second insert has a beveled edge in plan view at least in the area of the transition from the hot area of the heater structure to the cold area of the heater feed line, in which case the edge of the first insert and the edge of the second insert are both beveled, these bevels are preferably directed in opposite directions.
- the bevels thus define an overlap area in plan view in which the heater structure merges into the heater feed lines. The chamfering of the edges of the inserts prevents the formation and spreading of cracks in the inserts due to mechanical stresses.
- FIG. 1 shows a first exemplary embodiment of a sensor element, whereby all an embedded heater area is shown, above which a sensor structure is located
- FIG. 2 shows a longitudinal section through FIG. 1 in the heater area in plan view
- FIG. 3 shows a second exemplary embodiment of a sensor element that is alternative to FIG. 1
- FIG. 4 shows another exemplary embodiment that is alternative to FIG a sensor element
- Figure 5 shows an insert made of aluminum oxide with lenticular recesses
- Figure 6 shows an insert made of aluminum oxide with a rectangular recess.
- a sensor element 30 having a sensor structure 19 and a heater portion 30 ⁇ for example, a planar gas sensor element, an NO x sensor or a conventional La bda probe, as known from DE 199 06 908 Al and in particular from the position shown there figure 1, apart from the structure of the heater region 30 ⁇ which is explained in detail below, is known.
- a planar gas sensor element for example, an NO x sensor or a conventional La bda probe, as known from DE 199 06 908 Al and in particular from the position shown there figure 1, apart from the structure of the heater region 30 ⁇ which is explained in detail below, is known.
- an explanation of the known structure of the sensor structure 19 can be dispensed with here.
- further use is made of known techniques, ie ceramic green foils are used, onto which additional layers are printed if necessary, these are stacked, laminated and finally sintered to form the sensor element 30.
- FIG. 1 shows a sintered ceramic sensor element 30 in the form of a planar gas sensor element with a solid electrolyte with a bottom layer or a substrate 5 made of zirconium dioxide, on which there is initially a second intermediate layer 10, which during production is on the ceramic that forms the substrate 5 Green film has been printed. Furthermore, a second spacer layer 4 made of zirconium dioxide is provided, which forms a lower frame, as a result of which a trough-shaped second Recess 16 is defined, into which a second insert 2 is inserted after the second intermediate layer 10 has been printed and the second spacer layer 4 has been applied to the substrate 5.
- the second insert 2 is electrically insulating after the sintering that concludes the manufacture of the sensor element 30 and has a thickness of 200 ⁇ m to 500 ⁇ m. During production, it is first inserted as a ceramic green sheet based on an aluminum oxide ceramic and then converted into an aluminum oxide ceramic by means of sintering, which takes place in conjunction with the other components of the sensor element 30.
- a heater structure 1 in the form of a platinum resistance conductor track is then applied, preferably printed, to the second spacer layer 4 and the second insert 2.
- the area above the second insert 2 defines a hot area 3 of the sensor element 30.
- conventional heater supply lines 6, which run on the second spacer layer 4 are also provided, which also consist, for example, of a printed platinum conductor track.
- the heater feed lines 6 run primarily in a cold area 8 of the sensor element 30 and are separated from the second spacer layer 4 or the second insert 2 by an insulation layer 7, preferably likewise printed, located below the heater feed line 6.
- a transition material 14 is provided in the region of the insulation layer 7, which consists, for example, of a mixture of aluminum oxide and zirconium dioxide and preferably forms a partial layer of the insulation layer 7, so that the insulation layer 7 and the second insert 2 or the spacer layer 4 connect to one another reliably and firmly.
- the insulation layer 7 with the transition material 14 is also located in regions on the side of the heater structure 1 facing away from the heater feed line 6, in order to provide electrical insulation of the heater structure 1 from the second spacer layer 4 or to achieve the first spacer layer 4 befind located above.
- the heater structure 1 has a meandering structure, as usual.
- first spacer layer 4 On the second spacer layer 4 there is a preferably spaced-apart first spacer layer 4, which for example also consists of zirconium dioxide and is again in the form of a closed frame.
- This first spacer layer 4 ⁇ defines a first recess 15, into which a first insert 9 made of aluminum oxide ceramic is inserted.
- a first intermediate layer 11 is then also provided over the entire surface of the first insert 9, which has been printed on the first insert 9 initially inserted as ceramic green film in the course of the production process.
- the composition of the first intermediate layer 11 preferably corresponds to the composition of the second intermediate layer 10.
- the composition of the first insert 9 is preferably the same as the composition of the second insert 2, ie, after sintering, this also preferably consists of an aluminum oxide ceramic.
- first spacer layer 4 ′, the second spacer layer 4 and the first insert 9 laterally enclosed therefrom, the second insert 2 and the first intermediate layer 11 and the second intermediate layer 10 define the heater region 30 ′′, the first intermediate layer 11 and the second intermediate layer 10
- the thickness of each is selected such that, together with the inserts 2, 9 and the heater structure 1, they completely and evenly close off the recesses 15, 16 in the spacer layers 4, 4 ".
- the structure explained above means that the heater structure 1, which is enclosed on both sides by the directly adjacent inserts 2, 9, is electrically insulated from the sensor structure 19 via the first insert 9, so that capacitive coupling is largely suppressed.
- the thickness of the first insert 2 and / or the second insert 9 is between 200 ⁇ m and 500 ⁇ m.
- the thickness of the first intermediate layer 11 and / or the second intermediate layer 10 is preferably 5 ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m, in particular 10 ⁇ m to 30 ⁇ m.
- the first and / or the second intermediate layer 10, 11 are used primarily for the mechanical stresses occurring during the production of the sensor element 30 between the first insert 9 and the further layer 17 or between the second insert 2 and the substrate 5 record or balance.
- the first and / or the second intermediate layer 10, 11 during sintering compared to the respectively neighboring insert or the substrate 5 or the further layer 17 has a low sintering activity and in particular does not sinter tightly, ie remains porous, or that the first and / or second intermediate layer 10, 11 during this sintering with the adjacent insert 9 and the adjacent further one Layer 17 or the adjacent second insert 2 and the adjacent substrate 5 sintered together.
- both the first and the second intermediate layer 10, 11 preferably consist either of a magnesium-aluminum spinel such as MgAl 2 ⁇ , of barium hexaaluminate or of a mixture of zirconium dioxide and aluminum oxide.
- the lateral extent of the second recess 16 filled by the second insert 2 or of the first recess 15 filled by the first insert 9 is preferably so large that they cover the area occupied by the hot area 3 of the heater structure 1 in plan view.
- FIG. 2 shows a longitudinal section through Figure 1 in the heater area 30 ⁇ . Only the heater structure 1, the heater feed line 6 with the insulation layer 7 underneath and the transition material 14 as well as the second insert 2 and the first insert 9 located above or below the heater structure 1 in the hot area 3 are shown. One can clearly see the change-like structure of the heater structure 1 in the hot area 3 and the comparatively wide heating feed line 6 in comparison to the width of the actual heater structure 1, which is designed in the form of a platinum resistance conductor track. In a continuation of FIG. 1, FIG.
- first insert 9 and the second insert 2 in plan view each have a beveled edge 12 in an overlap region 26, which also defines a transition of the hot region 3 into the cold region 8, 13, wherein the bevels of these two edges 12, 13 are directed in opposite directions to each other.
- shape of the first recess 15 in the first spacer layer 4 X corresponds to the shape of the first insert 9 or the shape of the second recess 16 in the second spacer layer 4 corresponds to the shape of the second insert 2 according to FIG. 2.
- FIG. 2 shows that the second insert 2 and / or the first insert 9 can optionally have recesses 7 ⁇ in the form of slots or cuts. These recesses 7 are arranged such that they are not located above or below a surface occupied by the heater structure 1 in a plan view. Moreover, a rear region 25 can be clearly seen in FIG. 2, which is formed by the first spacer layer 4 N and the second spacer layer 4 located below it. This rear region 25 has a width of significantly more than 300 ⁇ m, for example 500 ⁇ m to 2000 ⁇ m.
- FIG. 3 explains an exemplary embodiment of a sensor element 30 that is alternative to FIG. 1 or the variant according to FIG. 2, the second insert 2 now being designed as a second insert with a porous cavity structure 2 ', in order to be able to better absorb or dissipate mechanical stresses in this way .
- the porous cavity structure is achieved in that an additional pore former is added to the ceramic green sheet, which is designed as an inlay or inlay or inlay and which forms the second insert with cavity structure 2 after sintering, which in the course of the sintering process causes the second insert 2 "a po- maintains a rough cavity structure.
- Suitable pore formers such as soot particles or glassy carbon particles are known from the prior art.
- FIG. 4 explains a further exemplary embodiment for a sensor element 30, the first insert 9 now also being in the form of a first insert with a porous cavity structure 9 ⁇ .
- the second insert with porous cavity structure 2 ' is formed in FIG. 4 in accordance with FIG. 3.
- the cavity structure that is created must accept that the heat transfer from the heater structure 1 into the area of the sensor structure 19 is less effective.
- FIGS. 5 and 6 explain further exemplary embodiments for the first insert 9, it also being possible for the second insert 2 to be designed in the same way.
- FIG. 5 shows how the first insert 9, instead of a porous cavity structure according to FIG. 4, is now provided with lenticular recesses 20, which are preferably introduced on the side of the insert 9 facing the heater structure 1.
- the insert 9 preferably also consists of aluminum oxide ceramic.
- the lenticular recesses 20 are produced, for example, by a corresponding milling of the ceramic green film initially used to produce the first insert 9.
- a cuboid recess or milling 21 is provided.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Measuring Oxygen Concentration In Cells (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2003570113A JP2005517952A (ja) | 2002-02-16 | 2002-12-03 | センサエレメント、特に平坦なガスセンサエレメント |
US10/504,942 US20050160793A1 (en) | 2002-02-16 | 2002-12-03 | Sensor element, in particular a planar gas sensor element |
EP02806846A EP1478919A1 (de) | 2002-02-16 | 2002-12-03 | Sensorelement, insbesondere planares gassensorelement |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10206497.0 | 2002-02-16 | ||
DE10206497A DE10206497A1 (de) | 2002-02-16 | 2002-02-16 | Sensorelement, insbesondere planares Gassensorelement |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2003071260A1 true WO2003071260A1 (de) | 2003-08-28 |
Family
ID=27740232
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/DE2002/004412 WO2003071260A1 (de) | 2002-02-16 | 2002-12-03 | Sensorelement, insbesondere planares gassensorelement |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20050160793A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1478919A1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2005517952A (de) |
DE (1) | DE10206497A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2003071260A1 (de) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1711034A1 (de) * | 2003-12-24 | 2006-10-11 | Kyocera Corporation | Keramisches heizelement und herstellungsverfahren dafür |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10225149A1 (de) * | 2002-06-06 | 2004-01-15 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Sensorelement |
DE102008002446A1 (de) * | 2008-06-16 | 2009-12-17 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Sensorelement |
JP5403017B2 (ja) * | 2011-08-30 | 2014-01-29 | 株式会社デンソー | セラミックヒータ及びそれを用いたガスセンサ素子 |
DE102013205037A1 (de) | 2013-03-21 | 2014-09-25 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Sensorelement und Abgassensor aufweisend ein Sensorelement |
DE102014108356A1 (de) * | 2014-06-13 | 2015-12-17 | Innovative Sensor Technology Ist Ag | Planares Heizelement mit einer PTC-Widerstandsstruktur |
US11452179B2 (en) * | 2017-01-06 | 2022-09-20 | Lg Innotek Co., Ltd. | Heating rod and heater having same |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5516410A (en) * | 1993-12-17 | 1996-05-14 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Planar sensor element having a solid electrolyte substrate |
DE19746516A1 (de) * | 1997-10-22 | 1999-05-06 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Planares Sensorelement |
DE19834276A1 (de) * | 1998-07-30 | 2000-02-10 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Abgassonde |
DE19857470A1 (de) * | 1998-12-14 | 2000-06-15 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Elektrochemischer Meßfühler |
DE19928165A1 (de) * | 1999-06-19 | 2000-12-21 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Planares Sensorelement für einen Gassensor |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3482745D1 (de) * | 1983-11-18 | 1990-08-23 | Ngk Insulators Ltd | Elektrochemische vorrichtung mit einem messfuehlelement. |
JPS60173461A (ja) * | 1984-02-20 | 1985-09-06 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | 酸素センサ |
JP2502961B2 (ja) * | 1984-04-26 | 1996-05-29 | 日本碍子株式会社 | 電気化学的装置の製造方法 |
JPH0640094B2 (ja) * | 1986-03-17 | 1994-05-25 | 日本碍子株式会社 | 電気化学的装置 |
US5288389A (en) * | 1988-04-01 | 1994-02-22 | Ngk Spark Plug Co., Ltd. | Oxygen sensor with higher resistance to repeated thermal-shocks and shorter warm-up time |
JPH08122287A (ja) * | 1994-10-24 | 1996-05-17 | Ngk Insulators Ltd | ガス成分の濃度の測定装置および方法 |
JP3501189B2 (ja) * | 1995-06-07 | 2004-03-02 | 株式会社デンソー | 空燃比センサ素子 |
US6228252B1 (en) * | 1997-02-13 | 2001-05-08 | Ngk Spark Plug Co. Ltd. | Apparatus for detecting concentration of nitrogen oxide |
-
2002
- 2002-02-16 DE DE10206497A patent/DE10206497A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2002-12-03 US US10/504,942 patent/US20050160793A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-12-03 WO PCT/DE2002/004412 patent/WO2003071260A1/de not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2002-12-03 EP EP02806846A patent/EP1478919A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2002-12-03 JP JP2003570113A patent/JP2005517952A/ja not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5516410A (en) * | 1993-12-17 | 1996-05-14 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Planar sensor element having a solid electrolyte substrate |
DE19746516A1 (de) * | 1997-10-22 | 1999-05-06 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Planares Sensorelement |
DE19834276A1 (de) * | 1998-07-30 | 2000-02-10 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Abgassonde |
DE19857470A1 (de) * | 1998-12-14 | 2000-06-15 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Elektrochemischer Meßfühler |
DE19928165A1 (de) * | 1999-06-19 | 2000-12-21 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Planares Sensorelement für einen Gassensor |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1711034A1 (de) * | 2003-12-24 | 2006-10-11 | Kyocera Corporation | Keramisches heizelement und herstellungsverfahren dafür |
EP1711034A4 (de) * | 2003-12-24 | 2007-10-10 | Kyocera Corp | Keramisches heizelement und herstellungsverfahren dafür |
US7982166B2 (en) | 2003-12-24 | 2011-07-19 | Kyocera Corporation | Ceramic heater and method for manufacturing the same |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP2005517952A (ja) | 2005-06-16 |
US20050160793A1 (en) | 2005-07-28 |
EP1478919A1 (de) | 2004-11-24 |
DE10206497A1 (de) | 2003-09-11 |
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