WO2003057480A1 - Laminated material - Google Patents

Laminated material Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2003057480A1
WO2003057480A1 PCT/DE2003/000016 DE0300016W WO03057480A1 WO 2003057480 A1 WO2003057480 A1 WO 2003057480A1 DE 0300016 W DE0300016 W DE 0300016W WO 03057480 A1 WO03057480 A1 WO 03057480A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
veneer
material according
veneer sheets
sheets
pairs
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/DE2003/000016
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Achim Möller
Original Assignee
Reholz Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Reholz Gmbh filed Critical Reholz Gmbh
Priority to AU2003235795A priority Critical patent/AU2003235795A1/en
Priority to EP03729207A priority patent/EP1467862A1/en
Publication of WO2003057480A1 publication Critical patent/WO2003057480A1/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27D—WORKING VENEER OR PLYWOOD
    • B27D1/00—Joining wood veneer with any material; Forming articles thereby; Preparatory processing of surfaces to be joined, e.g. scoring
    • B27D1/04—Joining wood veneer with any material; Forming articles thereby; Preparatory processing of surfaces to be joined, e.g. scoring to produce plywood or articles made therefrom; Plywood sheets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27L—REMOVING BARK OR VESTIGES OF BRANCHES; SPLITTING WOOD; MANUFACTURE OF VENEER, WOODEN STICKS, WOOD SHAVINGS, WOOD FIBRES OR WOOD POWDER
    • B27L5/00—Manufacture of veneer ; Preparatory processing therefor
    • B27L5/02—Cutting strips from a rotating trunk or piece; Veneer lathes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B21/00—Layered products comprising a layer of wood, e.g. wood board, veneer, wood particle board
    • B32B21/13—Layered products comprising a layer of wood, e.g. wood board, veneer, wood particle board all layers being exclusively wood
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B21/00—Layered products comprising a layer of wood, e.g. wood board, veneer, wood particle board
    • B32B21/14—Layered products comprising a layer of wood, e.g. wood board, veneer, wood particle board comprising wood board or veneer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
    • B32B37/0007—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding involving treatment or provisions in order to avoid deformation or air inclusion, e.g. to improve surface quality
    • B32B37/0015—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding involving treatment or provisions in order to avoid deformation or air inclusion, e.g. to improve surface quality to avoid warp or curl
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
    • B44C—PRODUCING DECORATIVE EFFECTS; MOSAICS; TARSIA WORK; PAPERHANGING
    • B44C3/00—Processes, not specifically provided for elsewhere, for producing ornamental structures
    • B44C3/02—Superimposing layers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
    • B44C—PRODUCING DECORATIVE EFFECTS; MOSAICS; TARSIA WORK; PAPERHANGING
    • B44C5/00—Processes for producing special ornamental bodies
    • B44C5/04—Ornamental plaques, e.g. decorative panels, decorative veneers
    • B44C5/043—Ornamental plaques, e.g. decorative panels, decorative veneers containing wooden elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2317/00—Animal or vegetable based
    • B32B2317/16—Wood, e.g. woodboard, fibreboard, woodchips

Definitions

  • Layered materials that are used for the production of molded parts or panels are created by pressing veneers that are layered several times in parallel or crosswise and provided with adhesive.
  • Preferably peeled veneer sheets or - in the case of high quality products - sliced veneer sheets are used for the top layers. From this u. a. Laminated wood parts or plywood panels are made.
  • a disadvantage here is the tendency of these molded parts or plates to warp more or less contrary to the desired shape after the pressing process, during the subsequent storage or use, due to changing effects of moisture, in particular to bend and twist (“skewed wind”) Inhomogeneities in the natural raw material, in particular the non-uniform distribution of the bulk density and the direction of the fibers, are countered by sorting out uneven veneer sheets.
  • EP 0 744 282 proposes to arrange long, thin wooden rods (“rays”) transversely to the adjacent wooden layers. This does have a blocking and stabilizing effect, but the distortion is hardly reduced since the rays also consist of wood.
  • rays thin wooden rods
  • the object of the invention is to provide a layered material for the production of molded parts or panels made of layered veneer or from a panel coated with veneer made of other materials with a high stability against warping (twisting, bending) with changing moisture effects, especially with changing atmospheric humidity.
  • the layered material for the production of molded parts or panels made of layered veneer or of a panel made of veneer coated with other materials consists of a middle layer and one or more pairs of veneer sheets, the structural features of which vary in size, but are congruent in their variation or almost congruent such as grain direction, bulk density and knottiness. These veneer sheets are in pairs and congruent and symmetrically arranged with respect to the cross section of the molded part or the panel.
  • the production of quasi-congruent veneer sheets for the arrangement in pairs in the layer material is preferably carried out using the circular peeling process.
  • the arrangement of the veneer sheets according to the invention leads to a symmetry of the structural feature variations in the respective surface areas of the molded part or the panel and thus to a symmetrical stress distribution with even changes in moisture across the cross-section. As a result, there are no changes to the contours fixed during material production (warpage). Exceptions to this are changes in the angle of molded parts that result from the swelling and shrinking of the wood
  • the molded parts or plates made from the layered material can consist of a multiplicity of veneer sheets, each arranged crosswise, possibly also in parallel, and bonded to one another, which are each arranged in pairs according to the invention.
  • Almost congruent veneer sheets are produced using the usual round peeling process, in that the base edge of the veneer sheets always coincides with a fixed radial line of the peeling block. With two revolutions of the peeling block, a congruent pair of veneer sheets is created, the second veneer sheet being smaller by the minimal and insignificant amount of the circumferential difference. This pair is divided into several smaller pairs according to the required size of the veneer sheets, the rest is used "unpaired". When peeling such veneer sheet pairs repeatedly, this remainder becomes smaller and smaller according to the decreasing peeling block diameter. The degree of consistency increases with decreasing veneer thickness, since this results in a finer differentiation.
  • the base edge of the veneer sheets can be cut by scratching the peeling block along its axis in the same position of the angle of rotation. It is also possible to cut the veneer tape, which runs virtually endlessly, the cutting device acting in each case after one revolution of the peeling block.
  • a variant is the mere marking of the veneer tape after each rotation of the peeling block, on which, if necessary, further operations such as veneer drying are separated. Likewise, this marking can identify all later cuts or embody only a scale that starts at the base circumferential point.
  • the marking can be done by optically perceivable embossing, scratching or also by applying (e.g. gluing or stamping) a substance that e.g. B. addresses an optical, magnetic or electrically acting sensor.
  • Fig. 1 A peeling block in a schematic side view
  • Fig. 2 A 7-layer press package with three pairs of veneer
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic side view of the division of cuts in the production of paired veneer blanks from a peeling block.
  • a veneer clipper in (viewed in the working direction) 500 mm long veneer sheets (1o, 1 u; 2o, 2u ; 3o, 3u) cut.
  • the clipper is controlled so that a first cut is made when the peeling block reaches zero angle (6) and the next cuts after every 500 mm of work.
  • the fifth cut starts again when the peeling block (5) reaches the zero angle position (6).
  • a chair shell is made from the veneer sheets made in this way.
  • the 1200 mm long veneer sheets and the 500 mm long sheets are alternately layered into a press package after gluing - as shown in FIG. 2.
  • the veneer pairs must always be congruent and remain in this position during the pressing process.
  • pair 2o arranged near the center of the layer material; 2u can consist of more faulty veneer, while pair 1o; 1u as top layer and 22o; 22u must be virtually error-free.
  • the so-called open side (with possible peeling cracks) is arranged on the back of the molded chair part, while the so-called closed side of the veneer forms the front.
  • the glued and layered veneers are pressed into a chair shell in an appropriate molding tool.
  • the molded part produced in this way has practically no distortion when the moisture changes.
  • a flat veneer panel is manufactured.
  • the veneer sheets are produced and prepared as described in embodiment example 1.
  • the flawless 500 mm veneer sheets are layered analogously to embodiment 1 and pressed to form a flat plate.
  • This veneer panel has no tendency to warp.
  • 0.6 mm thick 3D surface elements with a length of 200 mm and a width of 100 mm are measured from a block of stacked, 0.6 mm thick veneers.
  • the SD surface elements are always removed in the same way and stacked one after the other, so that the surface elements that are adjacent to one another are congruent with regard to their structural features.
  • the surface elements produced in this way are used to manufacture a thin-walled, three-dimensionally shaped, three-layer glasses case.

Abstract

The invention relates to a laminated material for producing molded articles or boards from laminated veneer or a board from other materials covered with veneer. Said laminated material consists of a center layer and one or more pairs of sheets of veneer that have structural features such as grain, apparent density and knottiness which vary across the surface but are congruent or almost identical in their variation. Those sheets of veneer are disposed in pairs and in a congruent manner and symmetrically in respect of the cross-section of the molded article or board. The arrangement of the sheets of veneer leads to a symmetry of the structural feature variations in the respective surface areas of the molded article or board and thus to a symmetric distribution of stresses while resulting in an even moisture distribution across the cross-section. The production of quasi-congruent sheets of veneer for the disposal in pairs in the laminated material is preferably carried out according to the rotary cut method. The innovative laminated material is characterized by a high resistance to warping (twisting, bending) at varying exposures to moisture, especially at varying air moisture.

Description

Schichtwerkstoff Layer material
Schichtwerkstoffe, die für die Fertigung von Formteilen oder Platten verwendet werden, entstehen durch Verpressen von mehrfach parallel oder kreuzweise geschichteten und mit Klebstoff versehenen Furnieren. Vorzugsweise werden dazu Schälfurnierblätter oder - bei hochwertigen Produkten - Messerfurnierblättern für die Decklagen eingesetzt. Daraus werden u. a. Lagenholzformteile oder Sperrholzplatten gefertigt.Layered materials that are used for the production of molded parts or panels are created by pressing veneers that are layered several times in parallel or crosswise and provided with adhesive. Preferably peeled veneer sheets or - in the case of high quality products - sliced veneer sheets are used for the top layers. From this u. a. Laminated wood parts or plywood panels are made.
Daneben ist das beidseitige Furnieren von Trägerwerkstoffen wie Spanplatten bekannt.In addition, the double-sided veneering of carrier materials such as chipboard is known.
Nachteilig ist dabei die Neigung dieser Formteile oder Platten, sich nach Abschluss des Pressvorganges während der anschließenden Lagerung bzw. des Gebrauchs durch wechselnde Feuchteeinwirkung mehr oder weniger entgegen der Sollform zu verziehen, insbesondere zu verbiegen und zu verwinden („Windschiefigkeit"). Ursache dafür sind Inhomogenitäten des natürlichen Ausgangswerkstoffes, insbesondere die ungleichförmige Verteilung der Rohdichte und der Faserrichtung. Dem begegnet man durch das Aussortieren ungleichmäßiger Furnierblätter.A disadvantage here is the tendency of these molded parts or plates to warp more or less contrary to the desired shape after the pressing process, during the subsequent storage or use, due to changing effects of moisture, in particular to bend and twist (“skewed wind”) Inhomogeneities in the natural raw material, in particular the non-uniform distribution of the bulk density and the direction of the fibers, are countered by sorting out uneven veneer sheets.
Die Werkstoffeigenschaften derartiger Schichtwerkstoffe genügen indes nicht gehobenen Qualitätsanforderungen, wie z. B. bei der Fertigung komplizierter, insbesondere dreidimensional verformter, schalenförmiger Halbzeuge oder Werkstücke.The material properties of such layer materials, however, do not meet high quality requirements, such as. B. in the manufacture of complicated, in particular three-dimensionally deformed, shell-shaped semi-finished products or workpieces.
Zur Minderung des Verzuges solcher Bauteile wird in EP 0 744 282 vorgeschlagen, lange, dünne Holzstäbe („Strahlen") quer zu den danebenliegenden Holzschichten anzuordnen. Dabei entsteht zwar eine absperrende und stabilisierende Wirkung, jedoch wird der Verzug kaum gemindert, da die Strahlen ebenfalls aus Holz bestehen. In „Formholzbriefe", Firmenschrift der Fa. Fritz Becker, Brakel/Deutschland, wird das faserparallele Ausschneiden von Furnierblättern aus dem endlos anfallenden Schälfurnierband beschrieben. Bei schräg verlaufenden Fasern entsteht dabei jedoch nicht verwertbarer Verschnitt. Nicht berücksichtigt wird ein Holzfaserverlauf anteilig quer zur Furnierfläche. Somit ist die Wirkung dieserIn order to reduce the distortion of such components, EP 0 744 282 proposes to arrange long, thin wooden rods (“rays”) transversely to the adjacent wooden layers. This does have a blocking and stabilizing effect, but the distortion is hardly reduced since the rays also consist of wood. In "Formholzbriefe", company lettering from Fritz Becker, Brakel / Germany, the fiber-parallel cutting of veneer sheets from the endless peeling veneer tape is described. However, in the case of obliquely running fibers, this does not result in usable waste. Hence the effect of this
Maßnahme eng begrenzt.Measure narrowly limited.
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist die Schaffung eines Schichtwerkstoffes für die Herstellung von Formteilen oder Platten aus geschichtetem Furnier oder aus einer mit Furnier beschichteten Platte aus anderen Werkstoffen mit einer hohen Stabilität gegen Verzug (Verwinden, Verbiegen) bei wechselnder Feuchteeinwirkung, insbesondere bei wechselnder Luftfeuchtigkeit.The object of the invention is to provide a layered material for the production of molded parts or panels made of layered veneer or from a panel coated with veneer made of other materials with a high stability against warping (twisting, bending) with changing moisture effects, especially with changing atmospheric humidity.
Die Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß mit den Merkmalen des Hauptanspruchs gelöst. Vorzugsweise Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind Gegenstand der rückbezogenen Unteransprüche.The object is achieved with the features of the main claim. Further developments of the invention are preferably the subject of the dependent subclaims.
Der Schichtwerkstoff für die Herstellung von Formteilen oder Platten aus geschichtetem Furnier oder aus einer mit Furnier beschichteten Platte aus anderen Werkstoffen besteht aus einer Mittellage und einem oder mehreren Paaren von Furnierblättern, die in der Fläche zwar variierende, aber in der Variation kongruente oder nahezu deckungsgleiche Strukturmerkmale wie Faserrichtung, Rohdichte und Ästigkeit aufweisen. Diese Furnierblätter sind jeweils paarweise und deckungsgleich und bezogen auf den Querschnitt des Formteils oder der Platte gesehen symmetrisch angeordnet. Die Herstellung von quasi kongruenten Furnierblättern für die paarige Anordnung im Schichtwerkstoff erfolgt bevorzugt nach dem Rundschälverfahren.The layered material for the production of molded parts or panels made of layered veneer or of a panel made of veneer coated with other materials consists of a middle layer and one or more pairs of veneer sheets, the structural features of which vary in size, but are congruent in their variation or almost congruent such as grain direction, bulk density and knottiness. These veneer sheets are in pairs and congruent and symmetrically arranged with respect to the cross section of the molded part or the panel. The production of quasi-congruent veneer sheets for the arrangement in pairs in the layer material is preferably carried out using the circular peeling process.
Die erfindungsgemäße Anordnung der Furnierblätter führt zu einer Symmetrie der Strukturmerkmal-Variationen in den jeweiligen Flächenbereichen des Formteils oder der Platte und damit zu einer symmetrischen Spannungsvertei- lung bei über den Querschnitt gleichmäßigen Feuchteänderungen. Folglich entstehen so keine Veränderungen der während der Werkstoffherstellung fixierten Konturen (Verzug). Ausgenommen davon sind Winkelveränderungen an Formteilen, die eine Folge des Quellens und Schwindens des Holzes inThe arrangement of the veneer sheets according to the invention leads to a symmetry of the structural feature variations in the respective surface areas of the molded part or the panel and thus to a symmetrical stress distribution with even changes in moisture across the cross-section. As a result, there are no changes to the contours fixed during material production (warpage). Exceptions to this are changes in the angle of molded parts that result from the swelling and shrinking of the wood
Richtung quer zur Formteilfläche sind und bekanntermaßen auch bei ideal parallelfasrigem Holz auftreten.Direction are transverse to the molding surface and are known to occur even with ideal parallel-grain wood.
Die aus dem Schichtwerkstoff gefertigten Formteile oder Platten können aus einer Vielzahl von jeweils kreuzweise, ggf. auch parallel angeordneten und miteinander verklebten Furnierblättern bestehen, die jeweils zu erfindungsgemäßen Paaren angeordnet werden. Es ist jedoch auch möglich, nur die an den beiden Außenflächen des zu Formteils oder der Platte liegenden und ggf. wenige nachfolgende Furnierblätter paarweise anzuordnen und den restlichen Anteil der in der Nähe der Querschnittsmitte liegenden Furnierblätter ohne die erfindungsgemäße paarweise Ordnung zu verwenden. Da die stabilisierende Wirkung der Furnierblatt-Paare außen am größten ist und zur Querschnittsmitte hin gegen Null geht, führt diese Anordnung zu einem befriedigenden Ergebnis, wobei nicht paarweise vorliegende Furnierblätter günstig verwertet werden können.The molded parts or plates made from the layered material can consist of a multiplicity of veneer sheets, each arranged crosswise, possibly also in parallel, and bonded to one another, which are each arranged in pairs according to the invention. However, it is also possible to arrange only the veneer sheets lying on the two outer surfaces of the molded part or the plate and possibly a few subsequent veneer sheets and to use the remaining portion of the veneer sheets lying near the cross-sectional center without the arrangement according to the invention in pairs. Since the stabilizing effect of the veneer sheet pairs is greatest on the outside and tends towards zero towards the cross-sectional center, this arrangement leads to a satisfactory result, whereby veneer sheets not present in pairs can be used favorably.
Ebenso ergeben sich Vorteile beim erfindungsgemäßen Furnieren von Formteilen oder Platten aus anderen Werkstoffen wie Spanplatten oder Plastwerkstoffen. Müssen mehrere Furnierblätter zu einer größeren Fläche zusammengesetzt werden, so ist auch hier das Prinzip der Deckungsgleichheit der gesamten Fläche zu ihrem paarigen Gegenstück erforderlich.There are also advantages when veneering molded parts or panels of other materials, such as chipboard or plastic materials, according to the invention. If several veneer sheets have to be put together to form a larger surface, the principle of congruence of the entire surface with its paired counterpart is also required here.
Nahezu deckungsgleiche Furnierblätter werden nach dem üblichen Rundschälverfahren erzeugt, indem die Basiskante der Furnierblätter stets mit einer festen radialen Linie des Schälblockes zusammenfällt. Bei zwei Umdrehungen des Schälblockes ist so ein deckungsgleiches Furnierblattpaar entstanden, wobei das zweite Furnierblatt um den minimalen und unbedeutenden Betrag der Umfangsdifferenz kleiner ist. Dieses Paar wird, der benötigten Größe der Furnierblätter entsprechend, zu mehreren kleineren Paaren aufgeteilt, der Rest wird „unpaarig" verwertet. Beim wiederholten Schälen solcher Furnierblattpaare wird dieser Rest entsprechend dem abnehmenden Schälblockdurchmesser stetig kleiner. Der Grad der Vollkommenheit der Deckungsgleichheit nimmt mit abnehmender Furnierdicke zu, da hierbei eine feinere Differenzierung entsteht.Almost congruent veneer sheets are produced using the usual round peeling process, in that the base edge of the veneer sheets always coincides with a fixed radial line of the peeling block. With two revolutions of the peeling block, a congruent pair of veneer sheets is created, the second veneer sheet being smaller by the minimal and insignificant amount of the circumferential difference. This pair is divided into several smaller pairs according to the required size of the veneer sheets, the rest is used "unpaired". When peeling such veneer sheet pairs repeatedly, this remainder becomes smaller and smaller according to the decreasing peeling block diameter. The degree of consistency increases with decreasing veneer thickness, since this results in a finer differentiation.
Bei üblichen Furnierdicken ist die Deckungsgleichheit vollkommen ausreichend.With common veneer thicknesses, the congruence is completely sufficient.
Das Schneiden der Basiskante der Furnierblätter kann durch Ritzen des Schälblockes längs zu dessen Achse in jeweils der selben Stellung des Umdrehungswinkels erfolgen. Es ist auch ein Schnitt des quasi endlos ablaufenden Furnierbandes möglich, wobei die Schneideinrichtung jeweils nach einer Umdrehung des Schälblockes wirkt.The base edge of the veneer sheets can be cut by scratching the peeling block along its axis in the same position of the angle of rotation. It is also possible to cut the veneer tape, which runs virtually endlessly, the cutting device acting in each case after one revolution of the peeling block.
Eine Variante stellt die bloße Markierung des Furnierbandes nach je einer Umdrehung des Schälblockes dar, an der ggf. nach Ausführung weiterer Arbeitsgänge wie dem Furniertrocknen abgetrennt wird. Ebenso kann diese Markierung alle späteren Aufteilschnitte kennzeichnen oder auch nur eine Maßskala verkörpern, die jeweils bei dem Basis-Umfangspunkt beginnt. Die Markierung kann durch optisch wahrnehmbares Einprägen, Einritzen oder auch durch Aufbringen (z. B. Aufkleben bzw. Aufstempeln) eines Stoffes erfolgen, der z. B. einen optischen, magnetischen oder elektrisch wirkenden Sensor anspricht.A variant is the mere marking of the veneer tape after each rotation of the peeling block, on which, if necessary, further operations such as veneer drying are separated. Likewise, this marking can identify all later cuts or embody only a scale that starts at the base circumferential point. The marking can be done by optically perceivable embossing, scratching or also by applying (e.g. gluing or stamping) a substance that e.g. B. addresses an optical, magnetic or electrically acting sensor.
Beim Furniermessern wird weitgehende Deckungsgleichheit von Furnieren während ihrer Herstellung automatisch erreicht, wenn die jeweils abgemesser- ten Furnierblätter gleichförmig ausgerichtet zu einem Paket abgestapelt werden. Die Deckungsgleichheit ist, je nach Beschaffenheit des Holzes, auch noch ausreichend, wenn mehrere Furnierblätter des Paketes wie üblich zu einer größeren Fläche zusammengesetzt werden und die zum Paar gehörende Gegenfläche nachfolgend in der gleichen Art hergestellt wird.With veneer knives, extensive congruence of veneers is automatically achieved during their manufacture if the veneer sheets that have been measured in each case are stacked in a uniform alignment. The congruence is, depending on the nature of the wood, also sufficient if several veneer sheets of the package are assembled as usual into a larger area and the counter surface belonging to the pair is subsequently produced in the same way.
Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand dreier Ausführungsbeispiele näher beschrieben und in den zugehörigen Zeichnungen dargestellt. Es zeigen:The invention is described below with reference to three exemplary embodiments and illustrated in the accompanying drawings. Show it:
Fig. 1 : Einen Schälblock in einer schematisierten SeitenansichtFig. 1: A peeling block in a schematic side view
Fig. 2: Ein 7-lagiges Presspaket mit drei paarigen Furnierblatt-Fig. 2: A 7-layer press package with three pairs of veneer
Zuschnitten und einer einzelnen Mittellage aus einem FurnierrestCut and a single middle layer from a veneer residue
Fig. 1 zeigt in einer schematisierten Seitenansicht die Schnittaufteilung bei der Herstellung paariger Furnierblatt-Zuschnitte aus einem Schälblock. Von dem Rotbuchen-Schälblock (5) mit einem Anfangsdurchmesser von 600 mm wird 1 ,2mm dickes Furnier in der Arbeitsbreite von 1200mm endlos abgeschält und sofort mit einem Furnierklipper in (in Arbeitsrichtung gesehen) 500mm lange Furnierblätter (1o, 1 u; 2o, 2u; 3o, 3u) geschnitten. Der Klipper wird so gesteuert, dass ein erster Schnitt bei Erreichen der Winkel-Nullstellung (6) des Schälblockes erfolgt und die nächsten Schnitte nach jeweils 500 mm Arbeitsfortschritt. Der fünfte Schnitt beginnt erneut bei Erreichen der Winkel- Nullstellung (6) des Schälblocks (5). Nach zwei Umdrehungen des Schälblocks sind drei jeweils deckungsgleiche, (in Faserrichtung gesehen) 500 mm breite Furnierblatt-Paare und ein ca. 385mm breites Furnierblatt-Restpaar (4o; 4u) entstanden. Bei der Fortführung dieser Arbeitsweise werden die vierten Furnierblatt-Paare (Restpaare) durch den sich verkleinernden Schälblockdurchmesser immer kleiner. Wenn deren Breite Null erreicht hat, wird das gleiche Schnittregime, jedoch um eine Schnittzahl pro Umdrehung vermindert, weitergeführt.Fig. 1 shows a schematic side view of the division of cuts in the production of paired veneer blanks from a peeling block. From the beech peeling block (5) with an initial diameter of 600 mm, 1.2 mm thick veneer with a working width of 1200 mm is peeled off endlessly and immediately with a veneer clipper in (viewed in the working direction) 500 mm long veneer sheets (1o, 1 u; 2o, 2u ; 3o, 3u) cut. The clipper is controlled so that a first cut is made when the peeling block reaches zero angle (6) and the next cuts after every 500 mm of work. The fifth cut starts again when the peeling block (5) reaches the zero angle position (6). After two revolutions of the peeling block, three congruent pairs of veneer sheets (viewed in the direction of the fibers) and a pair of approximately 385mm wide veneer sheets (4o; 4u) were created. When this method of working is continued, the fourth veneer sheet pairs (remaining pairs) become smaller and smaller due to the shrinking block diameter. If their width has reached zero, the same cutting regime is continued, but reduced by one number of cuts per revolution.
Bei der nachfolgenden Qualitätskontrolle werden fehlerhafte Furnierblätter jeweils paarweise ausgesondert. Meist sind Holzfehler wie Risse oder Äste ohnehin am jeweiligen Umfangspunkt des Schälblockes häufig wiederkehrend, so dass ein Aussondern oft auch ohne diese Ordnung erforderlich wäre. Die Furnierblätter werden anschließend getrocknet, die 500 mm breiten Zuschnitte deckungsgleich und paarweise gelagert und die Restpaare, unabhängig von ihrer Paarung, zu einem Endlosband gefügt und zu 500mm breiten Blättern gekuppt. Parallel zur beschriebenen Fertigung von 500 mm breiten und 1200 mm langen Furnierblättern werden in gleicher Weise Furnierblätter in der Breite von 1200 mm und der Länge von 500 mm hergestellt (22o; 22u).In the subsequent quality control, faulty veneer sheets are separated out in pairs. In most cases, wood defects such as cracks or knots often recur at the respective circumferential point of the peeling block, so that it would often be necessary to sort them out without this order. The veneer sheets are then dried, the 500 mm wide cuts are stored congruently and in pairs and the remaining pairs, regardless of their pairing, are joined to form an endless belt and coupled to form 500 mm wide sheets. Parallel to the production of veneer sheets 500 mm wide and 1200 mm long, veneer sheets with a width of 1200 mm and a length of 500 mm are produced in the same way (22o; 22u).
Aus den so gefertigten Furnierblättern wird eine Stuhlschale hergestellt. Dazu werden die 1200 mm langen Furnierblätter und die 500 mm langen Blätter nach vorheriger Beleimung im Wechsel - wie in Fig. 2 dargestellt - zu einem Presspaket geschichtet. Die Furnierpaare müssen dabei stets deckungsgleich angeordnet sein und in dieser Position während des Pressvorganges verbleiben.A chair shell is made from the veneer sheets made in this way. For this purpose, the 1200 mm long veneer sheets and the 500 mm long sheets are alternately layered into a press package after gluing - as shown in FIG. 2. The veneer pairs must always be congruent and remain in this position during the pressing process.
Das in der Nähe der Mitte des Schichtwerkstoffes angeordnete Paar 2o; 2u kann dabei aus stärker fehlerhaftem Furnier bestehen, während Paar 1o ;1u als Decklage und 22o; 22u quasi fehlerfrei sein müssen.The pair 2o arranged near the center of the layer material; 2u can consist of more faulty veneer, while pair 1o; 1u as top layer and 22o; 22u must be virtually error-free.
Bei den Decklagen (1o, 1u) wird die sogenannte offene Seite (mit eventuellen Schälrissen) an der Rückseite des Stuhlformteils angeordnet, während die sogenannte geschlossene Seite des Furniers die Vorderseite bildet. Die beleimten und geschichteten Furniere werden in einem entsprechenden Formwerkzeug zu einer Stuhlschale verpresst. Das so hergestellte Formteil weist praktisch keine Verwindung bei Feuchteänderung auf.In the top layers (1o, 1u) the so-called open side (with possible peeling cracks) is arranged on the back of the molded chair part, while the so-called closed side of the veneer forms the front. The glued and layered veneers are pressed into a chair shell in an appropriate molding tool. The molded part produced in this way has practically no distortion when the moisture changes.
In einem zweiten Ausführungsbeispiel wird eine ebenflächige Furnierplatte gefertigt. Die Herstellung der Furnierblätter und deren Aufbereitung erfolgt wie in Ausführungsbeispiel 1 beschrieben.In a second embodiment, a flat veneer panel is manufactured. The veneer sheets are produced and prepared as described in embodiment example 1.
Abweichend davon erfolgt die Erkennung und Aussonderung von fehlerhaften Furnierbereichen mittels eines Sensors. Sobald vom Sensor ein Furnierfehler detektiert wurde, wird ein Schaltbefehl an den Klipper weitergeleitet, der die fehlerhafte Stelle unabhängig von der eingestellten 500 mm-Schnittfolge vom ausschneidet. Von dieser neuen Ausschnitt-Kante beginnt die 500 mm- Schnittfolge erneut. Nach einer Umdrehung des Schälblockes wird diese Gesamt-Schnittfolge einmal wiederholt. Die dritte Umdrehung beginnt wieder wie beschrieben mit Wirkung des Sensors. Auf diese Weise entstehen nur fehlerfreie und deckungsgleiche 500 mm-Furnierblattpaare. VorhandeneDeviating from this, faulty veneer areas are identified and sorted out by means of a sensor. As soon as a veneer fault has been detected by the sensor, a switching command is forwarded to the clipper, which cuts out the faulty point regardless of the 500 mm cutting sequence set. The 500 mm cutting sequence starts again from this new cut-out edge. After one rotation of the peeling block, this entire cutting sequence is repeated once. The third turn begins again as described with the sensor's effect. This way only arise error-free and congruent pairs of 500 mm veneer sheets. Existing
Fehlerbereiche werden verworfen. Die Restpaare, die nun auch vor einem Fehlerausschnitt anfallen, werden zu deckungsgleichen, endlosen Furnierblattpaaren zusammengesetzt und bei Bedarf paarweise zugeschnitten oder auch unpaarig verwendet.Error areas are discarded. The remaining pairs, which now also occur before a fault cutout, are assembled into congruent, endless pairs of veneer sheets and, if necessary, cut in pairs or used in pairs.
Die fehlerfreien 500 mm-Furnierblätter werden analog Ausführungsbeispiel 1 geschichtet und zu einer ebenflächigen Platte verpresst. Diese Furnierplatte weist keinerlei Verzugsneigung auf.The flawless 500 mm veneer sheets are layered analogously to embodiment 1 and pressed to form a flat plate. This veneer panel has no tendency to warp.
In einem dritten Ausführungsbeispiel werden nach der DD 271 670 jeweils 0,6 mm dicke 3D-Flächenelemente der Länge 200 mm und der Breite 100 mm von einem Block aus gestapelten, 0,6 mm dicken Furnieren abgemessert. Die SD- Flächenelemente werden stets in gleicher Weise abgenommen und nacheinander gestapelt, so dass die jeweils aneinanderliegenden Flächenelemente bezüglich ihrer Strukturmerkmale deckungsgleich sind. Die so hergestellten Flächenelemente werden zur Fertigung eines dünnwandigen, dreidimensional geformten, dreilagigen Brillen-Etuis verwendet.In a third embodiment, according to DD 271 670, 0.6 mm thick 3D surface elements with a length of 200 mm and a width of 100 mm are measured from a block of stacked, 0.6 mm thick veneers. The SD surface elements are always removed in the same way and stacked one after the other, so that the surface elements that are adjacent to one another are congruent with regard to their structural features. The surface elements produced in this way are used to manufacture a thin-walled, three-dimensionally shaped, three-layer glasses case.
Dazu werden zwei aufeinfolgende Flächenelemente, die in keiner Richtung gegeneinander verdreht werden dürfen, als Decklagen auf ein mit Klebstoff versehenes, als Mittellage eingesetztes, 100 mm langes und 200 mm breites 3D-Flächenelement aufgelegt. Das so entstandene Presspaket wird an- schliessend 3D-verformt und gepresst. Es entsteht ein 1 ,8 mm dickes, verwin- dungsfreies Etui-Formteil mit einer dekorativen Streifenstruktur. For this purpose, two successive surface elements, which must not be rotated against each other in any direction, are placed as cover layers on a 100 mm long and 200 mm wide 3D surface element provided with adhesive and used as a central layer. The press package created in this way is then 3D-shaped and pressed. The result is a 1.8 mm thick, torsion-free molded case with a decorative stripe structure.
BezugszeichenübersichtReference numeral Overview
1o oberes Furnierblatt des 1. Paares (Decklage, Faserverlauf längs)1o upper veneer sheet of the 1st pair (top layer, fiber run lengthways)
1u unteres Furnierblatt des 1. Paares (Decklage, Faserverlauf längs)1u lower veneer sheet of the 1st pair (top layer, fiber run lengthways)
2o oberes Furnierblatt des 2. Paares (Faserverlauf längs)2o top veneer sheet of the 2nd pair (fiber run lengthways)
2u unteres Furnierblatt des 2. Paares (Fasen/erlauf längs)2u lower veneer sheet of the 2nd pair (chamfer / run along)
22o oberes Furnierblatt des 1. Paares (Faserverlauf quer)22o top veneer sheet of the 1st pair (cross grain)
22u unteres Furnierblatt des 1.Paares (Faserverlauf quer)22u lower veneer sheet of the 1st pair (cross grain)
3o oberes Furnierblatt des 3. Paares (Faserverlauf längs)3o top veneer sheet of the 3rd pair (fiber run lengthways)
3u unteres Furnierblatt des 3. Paares (Fasen/erlauf längs)3u lower veneer sheet of the 3rd pair (chamfer / run along)
4 Mittellage4 middle layer
4o oberes Furnierblatt des Restpaares (Faserverlauf längs)4o top veneer sheet of the rest of the pair (fiber run lengthways)
4u unteres Furnierblatt des Restpaares (Faserverlauf längs)4u lower veneer sheet of the rest of the pair (fiber run lengthways)
5 Rotbuchen-Schälblock5 beech peeling block
6 Winkel-Nullstellung des Schälblocks α Umdrehungswinkel 6 Angle zero position of the peeling block α rotation angle

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Schichtwerkstoff für Formteile oder Platten, bestehend aus einer Mittellage (4) und einem oder mehreren Paaren von zueinander beabstan- deten Furnierblättern (1o, 1u; 2o, 2u; 22o, 22u; 3o, 3u) mit einer, in ihrer Variation kongruenten oder hochgradig deckungsgleichen Holzstruktur, wobei die Furnierblätter im wesentlichen deckungsgleich zueinander angeordnet sind.1. Layered material for molded parts or panels, consisting of a middle layer (4) and one or more pairs of veneer sheets (1o, 1u; 2o, 2u; 22o, 22u; 3o, 3u) spaced apart from one another with a congruent variation or highly congruent wood structure, the veneer sheets being arranged substantially congruent with each other.
2. Schichtwerkstoff nach Anspruch 1 , bestehend aus mehreren Paaren von Furnierblättern (1o, 1u; 2o, 2u; 22o, 22u, 3o, 3u), wobei die Furnierblätter jedes Paares bezogen auf den Querschnitt des Schichtwerkstoffes symmetrisch zur Mittellage (4) angeordnet sind.2. Laminate material according to claim 1, consisting of several pairs of veneer sheets (1o, 1u; 2o, 2u; 22o, 22u, 3o, 3u), the veneer sheets of each pair being arranged symmetrically with respect to the cross section of the laminate material to the central layer (4) ,
3. Schichtwerkstoff nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die einzelnen Paare von Furnierblättern (1o, 1 u; 2o, 2u) zueinander kongruent angeordnet sind.3. Layered material according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the individual pairs of veneer sheets (1o, 1 u; 2o, 2u) are arranged congruently to one another.
4. Schichtwerkstoff nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die einzelnen Paare von Furnierblättern (1o, 1 u; 22o, 22u, 2o, 2u) kreuzweise zueinander angeordnet sind.4. Layer material according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the individual pairs of veneer sheets (1o, 1 u; 22o, 22u, 2o, 2u) are arranged crosswise to one another.
5. Schichtwerkstoff nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die einzelnen Paare von Furnierblättern diagonal zueinander angeordnet sind.5. Layered material according to claim 4, characterized in that the individual pairs of veneer sheets are arranged diagonally to one another.
6. Schichtwerkstoff nach einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jeweils benachbarte Furnierblätter durch eine Verbindungsschicht miteinander verbunden sind.6. Layer material according to one of claims 2 to 5, characterized in that in each case adjacent veneer sheets are connected to one another by a connecting layer.
7. Schichtwerkstoff nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Mittellage (4) eine Holzwerkstoffplatte ist. 7. Layered material according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the middle layer (4) is a wood-based panel.
8. Schichtwerkstoff nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Mittellage (4) ein Wabenkern ist.8. Layered material according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the middle layer (4) is a honeycomb core.
9. Schichtwerkstoff nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Mittellage (4) aus Kunststoff besteht.9. Layered material according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the central layer (4) consists of plastic.
10. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Schichtwerkstoffes nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass quasi kongruente Furnierblätter (1o, 1 u; 22o, 22u, 2o, 2u ) nach dem Rundschälverfahren erzeugt werden, indem die Basiskante der Furnierblätter stets mit einer festen radialen Linie des Schälblockes zusammenfällt.10. The method for producing a layer material according to claim 1, characterized in that quasi-congruent veneer sheets (1o, 1 u; 22o, 22u, 2o, 2u) are produced by the circular peeling process by always having the base edge of the veneer sheets with a fixed radial line of Peeling block coincides.
11. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Schichtwerkstoffes nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Schneiden der Basiskante der Furnierblätter (1o, 1u; 22o, 22u, 2o, 2u) durch Ritzen des Schälblockes (5) längs zu dessen Achse in jeweils der selben Stellung des Umdrehungswinkels α erfolgt.11. A method for producing a layer material according to claim 10, characterized in that the cutting of the base edge of the veneer sheets (1o, 1u; 22o, 22u, 2o, 2u) by scratching the peeling block (5) along its axis in the same position in each case of the angle of rotation α.
12. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Schichtwerkstoffes nach Anspruch 11 , wobei das Abtrennen (Klippen) des quasi endlos ablaufenden Furnierbandes nach jeweils einer Umdrehung des Schälblockes erfolgt.12. A method for producing a layer material according to claim 11, wherein the separation (clipping) of the quasi-endless veneer tape takes place after one revolution of the peeling block.
13. Ver ahren zur Herstellung eines Schichtwerkstoffes nach Anspruch 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das quasi endlos ablaufende Furnierband vor dem Abtrennen mit Markierungen versehen wird.13. Process for the production of a layered material according to claim 12, characterized in that the quasi-continuous veneer tape is provided with markings prior to separation.
14. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Schichtwerkstoffes nach Anspruch 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Markierung durch Einprägen, Einritzen oder das Aufbringen von Stoffen oder Markern erfolgt, auf die ein optisch, pneumatisch, magnetisch oder elektrisch wirkender Sensor anspricht. 14. A method for producing a layered material according to claim 12, characterized in that the marking is carried out by embossing, scoring or applying substances or markers to which an optically, pneumatically, magnetically or electrically acting sensor responds.
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