WO2003047945A1 - Dispositif de colonne de direction du type a absorption de choc - Google Patents
Dispositif de colonne de direction du type a absorption de choc Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2003047945A1 WO2003047945A1 PCT/JP2002/012653 JP0212653W WO03047945A1 WO 2003047945 A1 WO2003047945 A1 WO 2003047945A1 JP 0212653 W JP0212653 W JP 0212653W WO 03047945 A1 WO03047945 A1 WO 03047945A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- absorbing
- impact energy
- impact
- steering column
- shock
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F7/00—Vibration-dampers; Shock-absorbers
- F16F7/12—Vibration-dampers; Shock-absorbers using plastic deformation of members
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
- B62D1/00—Steering controls, i.e. means for initiating a change of direction of the vehicle
- B62D1/02—Steering controls, i.e. means for initiating a change of direction of the vehicle vehicle-mounted
- B62D1/16—Steering columns
- B62D1/18—Steering columns yieldable or adjustable, e.g. tiltable
- B62D1/19—Steering columns yieldable or adjustable, e.g. tiltable incorporating energy-absorbing arrangements, e.g. by being yieldable or collapsible
- B62D1/195—Yieldable supports for the steering column
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a shock-absorbing steering column device for a vehicle that can finely adjust the amount of absorption of shock energy during a Collabs stroke during a secondary collision.
- a vehicle shock-absorbing steering column device when a driver makes a secondary collision, impact energy acts on the steering column toward the front of the vehicle, causing the steering column to collabs and separate from the vehicle body and move forward (stroke). However, as the collapse stroke progresses, it absorbs impact energy.
- the central portion of an energy absorbing member made of a strip-shaped steel plate is fixed to a bracket on the vehicle body side, and both sides thereof are fixed. Is bent into a U-shape and fixed to the steering column, so that when the steering column moves to the front of the vehicle, the energy absorbing member is torn while bending and deforming.
- the base end of a metal wire is locked to a column-side bracket, and this wire is wound around a tilt bolt on the vehicle body, and then extended toward the front of the vehicle.
- the steering column is in front of the vehicle
- the wire is configured to be deformed by the tilt port. I have. Therefore, it may not be possible to adjust the amount of impact energy absorbed during the Collabs stroke or depending on the type of vehicle.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and has an impact absorbing steering system for a vehicle that can finely adjust an amount of impact energy absorbed during a collapse stroke during a secondary collision. It is intended to provide a column device.
- the impact energy absorbing member has a cross section having substantially the same shape and size in a direction substantially perpendicular to a traveling direction of the Collabs stroke by an extrusion molding method, and has a predetermined interval. It is preferable that the extruded product is formed by forming an extruded product provided with a plurality of shock absorbing plates arranged side by side and cutting the extruded product to a predetermined width.
- one of the vehicle body-side bracket and the column-side bracket slidably fitted thereto is provided with a plurality of shock absorbing plates at predetermined intervals along the traveling direction of the Collabs stroke. Arrange the shock energy absorbing members arranged in 2 12653
- breakage members are provided to sequentially break multiple shock absorbing plates as the Collabs stroke progresses.
- the plurality of shock absorbing plates arranged at predetermined intervals are sequentially damaged by the damaged member, and the impact energy is absorbed. .
- the interval (pitch), wall thickness, and width dimensions of the shock absorbing plate it is possible to finely adjust the amount of shock energy absorbed during the progress of the Collabs stroke during a secondary collision It is also possible to adjust the amount of impact energy absorbed according to the type of vehicle.
- the impact energy absorbing member is formed by a plurality of impact absorbing plates formed by extrusion molding and having a cross section having a shape and a size substantially the same in a direction substantially perpendicular to the traveling direction of the collapse stroke and arranged at predetermined intervals.
- An extruded product provided with is extruded, and the extruded product is cut into a predetermined width to produce the extruded product. Therefore, when this impact energy absorbing member is attached to the vehicle body side bracket or the column side bracket, it is only necessary to insert the impact energy absorbing member into any of the brackets. it can. Further, when the impact energy absorbing member is pressed into one of the brackets, the plurality of impact absorbing plates elastically press the surrounding members, so that it is possible to prevent the assembly from rattling.
- FIG. 1A is a side view of a shock absorbing steering column device for a vehicle according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1B is a front view of the vehicle shock absorbing type steering column device shown in FIG. 1A.
- FIG. 1C is an exploded perspective view of the vehicle shock absorbing type steering column device shown in FIG. 1A.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the energy absorption mechanism.
- 3A and 3B are a front view and a side view of the impact energy absorbing mechanism, respectively.
- 4A and 4B are side views of the impact energy absorbing mechanism, showing before and after impact energy absorption, respectively.
- FIG. 5 is a side view of the impact energy absorbing mechanism.
- 6A, 6B, 6C and 6D are perspective views of the impact energy absorbing mechanism, respectively.
- FIG. 7A and 7B are plan views of a conventional tearing-type impact energy absorbing mechanism, showing a state before and after the tearing, respectively.
- 8A, 8B, 8C, and 8D are plan views of an impact energy absorbing mechanism including a plurality of rows of impact absorbing plates and damaged members according to the present embodiment. It shows different energy absorption states.
- FIG. 1A is a side view of a vehicle shock absorbing steering column device according to an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 1B is a front view of the vehicle shock absorbing steering column device shown in FIG. 1A
- FIG. 1C is an exploded perspective view of the impact absorption type steering column device for a vehicle shown in FIG. 1A.
- the steering column 1 is mounted on a vehicle body via a support bracket 2.
- the steering column 1 is adapted to be capable of tilt adjustment and telescopic adjustment.
- a steering wheel (not shown) is fixed to the upper end of the steering shaft 100 rotatably supported by the steering column 1 on the rear side of the vehicle.
- the lower end on the vehicle front side of the ring shaft is connected to a steering gear mechanism (not shown) via a universal joint 101.
- the support bracket 2 is divided into a plurality of parts in advance so that the support bracket 2 can be assembled by fitting and press-fitting a plurality of parts having the same cross-sectional shape with the same shape and size over the entire length of the steering column in the extending direction. It is designed for
- the support bracket 2 mainly extends in the vehicle width direction and has the same cross-sectional shape as the first wing member 3 having the same shape and size over the entire length in the steering column extending direction.
- a second wing member 4 which is fitted inside the wing member 3 and has the same cross-sectional shape and the same shape and size over the entire length of the steering column in the extending direction of the steering column, and is fitted to the inner ij of the first wing member 3 in front of the vehicle.
- a support member 5 which is fixed and has the same cross-sectional shape and the same shape and size over the entire length of the steering column in the extending direction of the steering column, and has a long groove for adjusting the tilt which is fitted and fixed inside the second wing member 4, and is provided in the longitudinal direction of the steering column.
- a plurality of support plate members 6 having the same cross-sectional shape having the same shape and size over the entire length, and on each side of the first wing member 3 To mount case member 7 a, 7 are configured by partitioning from the b. As shown in FIG. 1B, the first wing member 3, the second wing member 4, the support member 5, the plurality of support plate members 6, and the mount members 7a and 7b The fitting part is formed, and the fitting assembly by press fitting is performed.
- the first wing member 3 has a flat top plate portion 3a fixed to the vehicle body-side strength member, side plate portions 3b and 3b extending substantially vertically on both outer sides of the top plate portion 3a, and a side plate portion 3b. Lateral extending portions 3c, 3c extending substantially horizontally on both sides from 3b are integrally formed.
- Mount members 7 a and 7 b are externally fitted and fixed to both outer ends of the first wing member 3.
- the first wing member 3, the front support member 5, and the mounting members 7a and 7b constitute a vehicle body side bracket.
- the first front support member 5 has both side plate portions 5b, 5b extending downward and a brace portion 5c for keeping the side plate portions separated from each other. It constitutes the lower bracket.
- the second wing member 4 has a shape that fits in accordance with the shape of the first wing member 3, and extends substantially up and down on both sides of the top plate portion 4 a, similarly to the first wing member 3, and on both sides of the top plate portion 4 a
- the side plates 4b, 4b and the laterally extending portions 4c, 4c extending substantially horizontally outward from the side plates 4b, 4b are integrally formed.
- Engagement grooves 4 d, 4 d extending in the longitudinal direction are formed inside the lower ends of both side plates 4 b, 4 b of the second wing member 4.
- An upper end protruding portion 6b of the first rear support member 6a is fitted and fixed.
- the first rear support member 6a has a plate shape extending downward, and has a ridge 6c outwardly in contact with the lower surface of both side plates 4b, 4b of the second wing member 4.
- a dovetail groove 6d extending in the longitudinal direction is formed in the ridge 6c.
- a second rear support member 6g is fixed by fitting its ridge 6h into a dovetail groove of the first rear support member.
- the second rear support member 6g has a ridge 6i on the outer side of the upper end, and the ridge has a dovetail groove extending in the longitudinal direction.
- a third rear support member 6 k having the same shape as the second rear support member 6 g is fitted and fixed to the second rear support member 6 g in the same manner as the second rear support member 6 g. It has been done.
- the first to third rear support members 6a, 6g, and 6k constitute the support plate member 6 described above.
- the second wing member 4 and the first, second, and third rear support members 6a, 6g, and 6k constitute a column-side bracket.
- a round hole 3e is formed in the top plate 3a of the first wing member 3, while the top plate 3a of the first wing member 3 faces the round hole 3e.
- a long hole 4e is formed in the top plate 4a of the second wing member 4 overlapping the Through these two holes, the top plate 3a of the first wing member 3 and the top plate 4a of the second wing member 4 are attached and fixed to the vehicle body strength member by a suitable fixing means such as porto (not shown). However, when a predetermined or more impact load is applied to the column-side bracket including the second wing member 4, the column-side bracket is movable with respect to the vehicle body-side bracket including the first wing member 3.
- Outer ends of the laterally extending portions 3c, 3c of the first wing member 3 have downwardly projecting portions 3d, and lower ends of the 3d further integrally have inwardly projecting portions 3f, 3f directed inward. I have.
- the outer ends of the laterally extending portions 4c, 4c of the second wing member 4 have lower surfaces opposed to the upper surfaces of the inward projecting portions 3f, 3f of the first wing member 3. .
- an impact energy absorbing mechanism X that absorbs impact energy applied to the steering column 1 at the time of a secondary collision is provided in the space thus formed between the vehicle body-side bracket and the column-side bracket. The impact energy absorbing mechanism X will be described later in detail with reference to FIG.
- the lower end of the steering column 1 is rotatably supported by a front support member 5.
- the steering column 1 also has a side wall 1a integrally fixed to the lower part of the column, which is fastened and fixed to rear support members 6a, 6g, 6k constituting a column side bracket via a well-known fastening mechanism. ing.
- Slots 1c, 1d formed in the lower part of the column and extending in the column axis direction are for adjusting the telescopic position of the column (see Fig. 1A), and support members 6a, 6g, 6k for the column side bracket
- the vertically extending slots 6f, 6j, and 6n formed in the column are used to adjust the tilt position of the column (see Fig. 1C).
- FIGS 2A and 2B are schematic diagrams of the impact energy absorption mechanism that absorbs the impact energy during a secondary collision.
- Figure 2A shows the state before the impact energy is absorbed
- Figure 2B shows the impact energy being absorbed.
- the state of is shown.
- the shock energy absorbing mechanism X includes a shock energy absorbing member 10 in which a plurality of shock absorbing plates 11 are arranged at predetermined intervals along a direction in which the steering column 1 advances with the column side bracket at the time of a secondary collision, and a steering column.
- a plurality of impact absorbing plates 11 are sequentially damaged to form a damaged member 20 for absorbing impact energy.
- the time until the steering column 1 at the time of a secondary collision advances together with the column side bracket and stops by absorbing the impact energy by the impact absorbing member is called a collapse stroke.
- the impact energy absorbing member 10 having the plurality of impact absorbing plates 11 is disposed on the inwardly protruding portions 3 f of the first wing member 3 constituting, for example, a vehicle body-side bracket, and the damaged member 20 is disposed on the column side. It is fixed to the lower surface of the laterally extending portions 4c, 4c of the second wing member 4 constituting the bracket, but the reverse is also possible.
- the column-side bracket moves forward with the steering column along with the steering column, and as a result of the progress of the Collabs stroke, a plurality of shock absorbing plates 11 arranged at predetermined intervals by the damaged member 20 are formed. It breaks sequentially and absorbs the impact energy.
- 3A and 3B are a front view and a side view, respectively, of the impact energy absorbing mechanism.
- 4A and 4B are side views of the impact energy absorbing mechanism, showing before and after the impact energy absorption, respectively.
- a plurality of impact absorbing plates 11 are provided on the column bracket 40, which is schematically shown, along the traveling direction of the collapse stroke.
- the shock energy absorbing members 10 arranged at intervals are arranged, and the vehicle body side bracket 30 schematically shown is provided with a front as the Collabs stroke progresses.
- a damage member 20 for sequentially breaking the plurality of shock absorbing plates 11 is provided.
- the plurality of impact absorbing plates 11 arranged at predetermined intervals can be sequentially damaged by the damaged member 20 to absorb the impact energy.
- the impact energy absorbing member 10 is formed by extrusion molding into a plurality of impact absorbing plates 11 having substantially the same cross section in shape and size in a direction substantially perpendicular to the traveling direction of the collapse stroke and arranged at predetermined intervals.
- An extruded product provided with is manufactured and cut into a predetermined width.
- the impact energy absorbing member 10 when attaching the impact energy absorbing member 10 to the vehicle body side bracket 30 or the column side bracket 40, insert the impact energy absorbing member 10 into any of the brackets 30, 40. Only the mounting work can be simplified.
- the impact energy absorbing member 10 is pressed into one of the brackets 30 and 40, the plurality of impact absorbing plates 11 elastically press the surrounding members. It is also possible to prevent rattling.
- FIG. 5 is a side view of the impact energy absorbing mechanism.
- the shock absorber absorbs energy during the course of the Collabs stroke during a secondary collision by adjusting the spacing (pitch), wall thickness, and width dimensions of the shock absorbing plate 11 as appropriate.
- the amount can be finely adjusted, and the amount of impact energy absorbed can be adjusted according to each model.
- the impact energy absorbing member 10 includes a bracket 30,
- 6A, 6B, 6C and 6D are perspective views of the impact energy absorbing mechanism, respectively.
- the impact energy absorbing member 10 and the damaged member 20 are arranged vertically, and in the example of FIG. 6B, two sets of the impact energy absorbing member 10 and the damaged member 20 are arranged. Are arranged vertically.
- the impact energy Energy absorbing member 10 and damaged member 20 are arranged horizontally, and in the example of Fig. 6D, two sets of impact energy absorbing member 10 and damaged member 20 are arranged horizontally. It is.
- FIG. 7A and 7B are plan views of a conventional tearing-type impact energy absorbing mechanism, showing before and after the tearing, respectively.
- 8A to 8D are plan views of the shock energy absorbing mechanism according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 8A is before shock absorption
- FIG. 8B is after shock absorption first row
- the “energy absorption functional distance” is substantially the same.
- FIGS. 8A to 8D of the present embodiment since the impact energy absorbing member 10 having the plurality of impact absorbing plates 11 and the damaged member 20 are provided in three stages, they are roughly Has a stroke (distance) that absorbs almost three times the impact energy compared to the conventional Fig. 7.
- the “energy absorption functional distance” is set to 1 Z 3 as compared with the conventional one. Can be.
- either one of the vehicle body side bracket and the column side bracket fitted to the slide itself has a plurality of impacts along the traveling direction of the Collabs stroke.
- a shock energy-absorbing member in which absorber plates are arranged at predetermined intervals is provided, and a break member for sequentially breaking the plurality of shock-absorber plates as the Collabs stroke progresses is provided on the other side. . That is, with the progress of the collapse stroke at the time of the secondary collision, a plurality of shock absorbing plates arranged at predetermined intervals are sequentially damaged by the damaged member, so that the shock energy is absorbed.
- the interval (pitch), wall thickness, and width dimensions of the shock absorbing plate it is possible to finely adjust the amount of shock energy absorbed during the progress of the Collabs stroke during a secondary collision It is also possible to adjust the amount of impact energy absorbed according to the type of vehicle.
- the impact energy absorbing member is formed by extruding a plurality of impact absorbing plates having a cross section having substantially the same shape and size in a direction substantially perpendicular to the traveling direction of the Collabs stroke and arranged at predetermined intervals.
- the extruded product provided is molded, and the extruded product is cut to a predetermined width to manufacture. Therefore, when attaching the impact energy absorbing member to the vehicle body side bracket or the column side bracket, it is only necessary to insert the impact energy absorbing member into any of the brackets. can do. Further, when the impact energy absorbing member is pressed into one of the brackets, the plurality of impact absorbing plates elastically press the surrounding members, so that it is possible to prevent the assembly from rattling.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Steering Controls (AREA)
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU2002349751A AU2002349751A1 (en) | 2001-12-06 | 2002-12-03 | Shock absorption type steering column device |
JP2003549151A JP4196830B2 (ja) | 2001-12-06 | 2002-12-03 | 衝撃吸収式ステアリングコラム装置 |
EP02781872A EP1454813A4 (en) | 2001-12-06 | 2002-12-03 | SHOCK ABSORPTION TYPE STEERING COLUMN DEVICE |
US10/497,459 US7255369B2 (en) | 2001-12-06 | 2002-12-03 | Shock absorption type steering column device |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2001-373020 | 2001-12-06 | ||
JP2001373020 | 2001-12-06 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2003047945A1 true WO2003047945A1 (fr) | 2003-06-12 |
Family
ID=19181805
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2002/012653 WO2003047945A1 (fr) | 2001-12-06 | 2002-12-03 | Dispositif de colonne de direction du type a absorption de choc |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7255369B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1454813A4 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4196830B2 (ja) |
AU (1) | AU2002349751A1 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2003047945A1 (ja) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2005005231A1 (ja) * | 2003-07-09 | 2005-01-20 | Nsk Ltd. | ステアリング装置 |
Families Citing this family (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20050077716A1 (en) * | 2003-10-08 | 2005-04-14 | Urista Jesus Raul Garcia | Steering column energy absorber |
DE102006014075A1 (de) * | 2006-03-28 | 2007-08-30 | Daimlerchrysler Ag | Lenksäulenanordnung für Fahrzeuge |
US7798526B2 (en) * | 2007-05-04 | 2010-09-21 | Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. | Steering column assembly |
US7913790B2 (en) * | 2007-10-02 | 2011-03-29 | Mazda Motor Corporation | Structure of instrument panel area of vehicle |
US9400512B2 (en) * | 2013-12-17 | 2016-07-26 | General Electric Company | System and method for operating an on load tap changer for regulating voltage on an electric power system |
US10048709B2 (en) | 2016-09-19 | 2018-08-14 | General Electric Company | System and method for regulation of voltage on an electric power system |
GB2575885B (en) * | 2018-07-25 | 2022-07-13 | Trw Steering Systems Poland Sp Z O O | A steering column assembly |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS4985726U (ja) * | 1972-11-15 | 1974-07-25 | ||
JPH0426174U (ja) * | 1990-06-27 | 1992-03-02 | ||
JPH0568776U (ja) * | 1992-02-28 | 1993-09-17 | 富士機工株式会社 | エネルギー吸収式ステアリングコラム |
JPH0717411A (ja) * | 1993-06-30 | 1995-01-20 | Suzuki Motor Corp | ステアリング装置 |
Family Cites Families (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS4810737B1 (ja) | 1970-06-16 | 1973-04-06 | ||
JPS4837937A (ja) | 1971-09-14 | 1973-06-04 | ||
GB1432948A (en) | 1972-07-14 | 1976-04-22 | Cav Ltd | Control circuits |
KR920006358B1 (ko) | 1990-04-30 | 1992-08-03 | 주식회사 금성사 | 세탁기의 예약 시스템 |
JPH0426174A (ja) | 1990-05-22 | 1992-01-29 | Toshiba Corp | 狭帯域レーザ装置 |
AT394004B (de) * | 1990-06-25 | 1992-01-27 | Austria Metall | Stossverzehrkoerper, insbesondere fuer kraftfahrzeuge |
US5085467A (en) * | 1990-12-19 | 1992-02-04 | Ford Motor Company | Energy absorbing support member for a steering column |
US5403113A (en) * | 1992-08-12 | 1995-04-04 | Energy Absorption Systems, Inc. | Shear loading energy absorbing device |
FR2742718B1 (fr) | 1995-12-20 | 1998-03-06 | Ecia Equip Composants Ind Auto | Ensemble de colonne de direction reglable en position et a absorption d'energie de choc, notamment pour vehicule automobile |
US5829310A (en) * | 1997-04-14 | 1998-11-03 | Chrysler Corporation | Collapsible steering column |
FR2840041B1 (fr) * | 2002-05-23 | 2004-07-16 | Snecma Moteurs | Biellette fusible avec amortisseur et butee antiretour |
-
2002
- 2002-12-03 EP EP02781872A patent/EP1454813A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2002-12-03 WO PCT/JP2002/012653 patent/WO2003047945A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2002-12-03 US US10/497,459 patent/US7255369B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-12-03 AU AU2002349751A patent/AU2002349751A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-12-03 JP JP2003549151A patent/JP4196830B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS4985726U (ja) * | 1972-11-15 | 1974-07-25 | ||
JPH0426174U (ja) * | 1990-06-27 | 1992-03-02 | ||
JPH0568776U (ja) * | 1992-02-28 | 1993-09-17 | 富士機工株式会社 | エネルギー吸収式ステアリングコラム |
JPH0717411A (ja) * | 1993-06-30 | 1995-01-20 | Suzuki Motor Corp | ステアリング装置 |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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See also references of EP1454813A4 * |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2005005231A1 (ja) * | 2003-07-09 | 2005-01-20 | Nsk Ltd. | ステアリング装置 |
JPWO2005005231A1 (ja) * | 2003-07-09 | 2006-08-24 | 日本精工株式会社 | ステアリング装置 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1454813A4 (en) | 2006-01-18 |
EP1454813A1 (en) | 2004-09-08 |
JPWO2003047945A1 (ja) | 2005-04-14 |
US7255369B2 (en) | 2007-08-14 |
JP4196830B2 (ja) | 2008-12-17 |
AU2002349751A1 (en) | 2003-06-17 |
US20050082811A1 (en) | 2005-04-21 |
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