WO2003047068A1 - Demarreur/generateur a mode annulaire - Google Patents

Demarreur/generateur a mode annulaire Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2003047068A1
WO2003047068A1 PCT/CN2002/000623 CN0200623W WO03047068A1 WO 2003047068 A1 WO2003047068 A1 WO 2003047068A1 CN 0200623 W CN0200623 W CN 0200623W WO 03047068 A1 WO03047068 A1 WO 03047068A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
ring
generator
starter
stator
assembly
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2002/000623
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Lei He
Original Assignee
Lei He
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Lei He filed Critical Lei He
Priority to CNB028175840A priority Critical patent/CN1249879C/zh
Priority to EP02803734A priority patent/EP1434330A4/en
Publication of WO2003047068A1 publication Critical patent/WO2003047068A1/zh
Priority to US10/795,965 priority patent/US20040232702A1/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/10—Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters
    • H02K7/108—Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters with friction clutches
    • H02K7/1085—Magnetically influenced friction clutches
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/10—Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L15/00—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
    • B60L15/007—Physical arrangements or structures of drive train converters specially adapted for the propulsion motors of electric vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L15/00—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
    • B60L15/20—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed
    • B60L15/2054—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed by controlling transmissions or clutches
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/10—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines
    • B60L50/16—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines with provision for separate direct mechanical propulsion
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/14—Structural association with mechanical loads, e.g. with hand-held machine tools or fans
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/18—Structural association of electric generators with mechanical driving motors, e.g. with turbines
    • H02K7/1807—Rotary generators
    • H02K7/1815—Rotary generators structurally associated with reciprocating piston engines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00—Converter types
    • B60L2210/40—DC to AC converters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/42—Drive Train control parameters related to electric machines
    • B60L2240/423—Torque
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2260/00—Operating Modes
    • B60L2260/20—Drive modes; Transition between modes
    • B60L2260/26—Transition between different drive modes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2270/00—Problem solutions or means not otherwise provided for
    • B60L2270/10—Emission reduction
    • B60L2270/14—Emission reduction of noise
    • B60L2270/145—Structure borne vibrations
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a ring-type starter / generator used in various engines, electric hybrid vehicles, automotive water pumps and the like. Background technique
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a simplified change of the traditional motor structure and mechanical transmission mode of the automobile engine, make the combination of the motor and the engine or automobile water pump machinery more reasonable and compact, realize the integration of high-efficiency "mechanical / electrical" starting and power generation, and reduce production costs. And maximize the driving reliability and working efficiency of the motor to achieve an ideal ring starter / generator.
  • the technical solution extracted by the present invention is to provide a ring-type starter / generator, which includes a ring-shaped stator assembly, a ring-shaped rotor assembly and an engine or a water pump, wherein:
  • the stator assembly is mounted on the engine body or a flywheel housing or the casing of the water pump, the rotor assembly is mounted on a flywheel of the engine or a runner of the water pump, and the stator assembly is And the rotor assembly face each other; in addition, it also includes a set of low power consumption high current variable current controller including a control circuit and a MOSFET gate drive circuit.
  • the engine flywheel is mounted on the engine crankshaft through a one-way clutch, a permanent magnet coupling, and a return spring, and an electromagnetic control coil is provided on an end face of the stator assembly.
  • the one-way clutch is wedged and separated under the repulsive force of the same magnetic pole through the electromagnetic control coil and the permanent magnet coupling; bearings are respectively arranged on both ends of the flywheel, and the bases of the bearings are respectively mounted on the On the decompression disk at the inner circle of the stator assembly and on the fixed disk on the outer end surface of the flywheel, the fixing
  • the water pump casing is provided with a heat dissipation water channel.
  • the stator assembly includes a ring-shaped stator core, a fixed base plate, a gap adjusting gasket, and a stator winding; the stator core is wound with a stator winding, and the stator core passes
  • the fixing hole is fixed on the upper end surface of the base plate, and the adjusting gasket is installed on the lower end surface of the base plate through the mounting hole.
  • the rotor assembly includes a plurality of sector-shaped permanent magnets with positioning holes, which are sequentially installed in accordance with N-S.
  • aluminum alloy is used for injection molding and magnetization.
  • the stator assembly includes a ring-shaped stator core, a fixed base plate, a gap adjusting gasket, and a stator winding; the stator core is wound with a stator winding, and the stator core passes
  • the fixing hole is fixed on the upper end surface of the base plate, and the adjusting gasket is installed on the lower end surface of the base plate through the mounting hole.
  • the rotor assembly includes a circular inner conductive ring, a circular outer conductive ring, and a plurality of connecting two rings. Rotor windings made of conductive strips. One or more sets of windings are placed in a special mold to form an induction rotor assembly by injection of aluminum or injection molding.
  • the stator / rotor starter / generator using such a structure constitutes an edge ring induction. Starter / generator.
  • the stator assembly is formed by stamping and stacking a ring-shaped stator core made of silicon steel sheets and windings by insert molding, and the insert grooves are provided on the inner circle of the stator core;
  • the rotor assembly is composed of a certain number of tile-shaped permanent magnets, which are alternately fixed on the outer periphery of the circular ring-shaped magnet core in the order of N-S magnetic poles; the start / generation of the stator assembly and rotor assembly using this structure
  • the machine constitutes an inner ring type permanent magnet starter / generator.
  • the stator assembly includes a ring-shaped stator core, a fixed bottom plate, a gap adjusting gasket, and a stator winding; the stator core is wound with a stator winding, and the stator core passes through a fixing hole.
  • the rotor assembly is fixed on the upper end surface of the base plate, and the adjusting gasket is installed on the lower end surface of the base plate through a mounting hole; the rotor assembly includes a rotor winding composed of two circular conductive rings of the same diameter and a plurality of conductive bars connecting the two rings. Put the rotor winding into the inner ring-type special mold to form the inner ring induction rotor assembly by injecting aluminum; the starter / generator using the stator assembly and rotor assembly thus constructed constitutes the inner ring induction starter / generator.
  • the stator assembly is composed of a fixed bottom plate, a gap adjusting gasket, two sets of ring-shaped stator cores of different diameters, and two sets of windings.
  • the two sets of stator cores are fixed to the two sets of windings.
  • the upper end surface of the bottom plate is injection-molded to form a fully-enclosed multi-group side-ring type parallel stator assembly.
  • the rotor assembly is composed of two sets of multiple sector-shaped permanent magnets with positioning holes, which are sequentially installed in a dedicated manner according to N-S magnetic poles. Mold There are multiple sets of parallel permanent magnet rotor assemblies made of aluminum alloy by injection molding.
  • the starter / generator using the stator assembly and rotor assembly of this structure constitutes multiple sets of side-loop parallel permanent magnet starter / generators.
  • the stator assembly is a ring-shaped stator assembly formed by integrally mounting and injection-molding a 36-slot 12-pole single-layer chain three-phase winding; and the rotor assembly adopts 6 pairs of 12 A block fan-shaped neodymium iron boron permanent magnet material and a ring-shaped permanent magnet rotor assembly made by aluminum injection magnetization; the starter / generator using such a structure of the stator assembly and the rotor assembly constitutes an edge ring type permanent magnet starter / generator.
  • the stator assembly is installed on the end face of the pump casing, and the brushless rotor assembly includes 12 S-polarized iron cores and 6 N-polarized iron cores made of aluminum alloy welded.
  • Pole U-shaped rotor magnet core, the U-shaped rotor magnet core is installed on the end face of the water pump runner corresponding to the stator assembly, and the field winding of the rotor assembly is wound around the water pump bearing housing inside the U-shaped rotor magnet core In this way, a brushless excitation inner ring induction water pump starter / generator is formed.
  • the ring starter / generator provided by the present invention has the following characteristics:
  • the ring starter / generator has the characteristics of short axial size, large transmission torque, convenient installation and use, low production cost, no need for heat sink, low operating temperature, high drive reliability, and long service life.
  • the stator assembly adopts a winding structure iron core made by a special process, and can be made into 120 °, 180 °, 300 °, 360 ° ring structures.
  • Two sets of stator assemblies with different diameters are installed on the same stator base plate, and two sets of permanent magnet rotor assemblies are installed on the same magnetically permeable base plate to form a high-power parallel ring starter with a flat air-gap flux direction in the axial direction / generator.
  • the ring-type starter / generator and water pump realize an integrated structure, eliminating the air-cooled heat sink of the generator and the components such as the shell, end cover and bearings.
  • the annular stator assembly is installed on the pump casing.
  • the stator assembly adopts the pump water circulation heat dissipation structure method. The heat generated by the stator assembly is taken away by the circulating pump water.
  • the annular rotor assembly is installed on the pump rotor.
  • the pump runner also uses a one-way clutch structure, which constitutes a high-efficiency pump starter / generator with a simple and reasonable structure and no noise. The working efficiency of the generator has been greatly improved. Low operating temperature.
  • the axial magnetic force generated by the reduction starter / generator can compensate the axial force generated by the pump water, which greatly prolongs the service life of the pump bearings. Therefore, the ring-type starter / generator and water pump are integrated into the mechanical / electrical integrated structure, which is the ideal and optimal solution. The same body realizes the electric water pump and high-power water-cooled generator.
  • the ring-type starter / generator and engine realize an integrated structure with multiple functions of starting and power generation.
  • Modern automobile engines can be installed and used with few structural changes, and they are integrated with the engine into an integrated water circulation heat dissipation structure. It constitutes a new type of engine with high efficiency, environmental protection and energy-saving "mechanical / electrical" integration. It represents a new direction for the development of environmentally friendly and energy efficient engines.
  • an ideal parallel hybrid electric vehicle can be designed.
  • the starter plays an electric acceleration assist role , So that the car will quickly reach economical driving speed, at this time the starter serves as a generator for battery charging and electrical load use.
  • the high-power ring-type starter / generator for hybrid power has made breakthrough technological progress.
  • the maximum power of the ring-type starter / generator has reached 50Kw. It has been proved through experiments that the torque ratio and power comparison of the motor under the same volume conditions Conventional motors are large, with a torque ratio of more than 5..4N.
  • M / Kg a power ratio of more than 2.8 Kw / Kg, and a torque constant of 0.96N.
  • M / A The generator induced potential fluctuation rate Wm It is equal to 2%.
  • the use of a ring-type starter / generator multiplexing device and a one-way clutch rotor flywheel solves: 1. the problem of large axial suction force between the ring-type starter / generator stator and the rotor plane air gap; 2. the engine and the ring type
  • the starter / generator realizes the connection of unloading the coaxial load, so that the engine and the starter / generator can independently or simultaneously drive the car to work.
  • the starter / generator rotor ie, the engine flywheel
  • the ring starter / generator rotor ie, the flywheel
  • the electric water pump stops working, the pump runner is driven by the engine pulley, and the water pump starter is turned into a generator for 12V or higher voltage storage battery charging and electric load use.
  • the inertial running kinetic energy is reverse-transmitted to the flywheel through the wheels, transmission, and clutch, so that the flywheel rotates at high speed to induce the stator assembly to generate electricity and charge the battery.
  • the crankshaft of the engine is running at a low speed or stopped, that is, the reverse drag load of the engine during deceleration is unloaded, which greatly improves the recovered energy of the car during deceleration.
  • Figure 1 is a front view of a ring-shaped stator assembly
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along A-A in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a front view of a ring-shaped permanent magnet rotor assembly
  • FIG. 4 is a top view of FIG. 3;
  • Fig. 5 is a front view of a ring-shaped induction rotor assembly.
  • Figure 6 is a top view of Figure 5;
  • Figure 7 is a structural diagram of a 300 ° ring-shaped stator core
  • Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the 360 ° annular stator core and winding installation
  • Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the inner ring starter / generator structure
  • Fig. 10 is a sectional view taken along the line B-B of Fig. 9;
  • FIG. 11 is a front view of a ring-shaped parallel stator assembly
  • FIG. 12 is a sectional view taken along the line C-C in FIG. 11;
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of a ring-shaped parallel permanent magnet rotor assembly
  • Figure 15 is a schematic diagram of the engine ring starter / generator structure
  • Figure 16 is a schematic diagram of a ring-type starter / generator control circuit
  • Fig. 17 is a structural schematic diagram of a ring starter / generator using a one-way clutch rotor flywheel
  • Fig. 18 is a structural schematic diagram of a side ring water pump starter / generator
  • Figure 19 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a brushless excitation inner ring pump starter / generator. detailed description
  • stator assembly 1 certain stator assembly; 2—permanent magnet rotor assembly; 3—induction rotor assembly; 4 stator iron Core; 5—fixed base plate; 6—gap adjusting gasket; 7—permanent magnet; 8—rotor winding; 9 stator winding; 10—magnet core; 11—installation hole; 12—fixed hole; 13—wire slot 14-aluminum alloy; 15-inner conductive ring; 16-outer conductive ring; 17-conductive strip; 18-control circuit; 19-M0SFET gate drive circuit; 20-engine cylinder block; 21-engine crankshaft; 22-engine Flywheel; 23-clutch; 24-engine flywheel housing; 25-transmission; 26-transmission drive shaft; 27-water pump runner; 28-electromagnetic control coil; 29-permanent magnetic coupling; 30-water pump housing Radiating water channel; 31- water pump impeller; 32- water pump shaft; 33- water pump housing; 34- flywheel fixing bolt; 35- fixed plate; 36- pressure reducing plate;
  • Type starter / generator the annular stator assembly 1 is designed to be installed on the pump casing, and the annular rotor assembly 2 (or the induction rotor assembly 3) is designed to be installed on the pump runner, forming a permanent Magnetic or induction water pump ring starter / generator.
  • the rotating shaft, bearings and housing of the engine or water pump mechanism are used to form a new mechanical / motor integrated structure, so that the motor and the engine or water pump mechanism are driven in coaxial operation directly.
  • the ring starter / generator can be divided into different types according to the installation structure: side ring type, inner ring type, parallel type, and multiple sets of stator assembly and rotor assembly.
  • the side ring starter / generator is mainly a ring type with one or more sets of ring-shaped stator assembly 1 and permanent magnet rotor assembly 2 or induction rotor assembly 3 with a flat air gap and a magnetic flux direction of axial direction. Starter / generator.
  • the ring-shaped stator assembly 1 is composed of a ring-shaped stator core 4 (single-sided slot core, double-sided slot core, and slotless core), a fixed base plate 5, a gap adjusting gasket 6, and a stator. Winding 9 (multiple wiring methods can be used).
  • the stator core 4 is wound with a stator winding 9.
  • the stator core 4 is fixed on the upper end surface of the base plate 5 through a fixing hole 12, and the adjusting washer 6 is installed on the lower end surface of the base plate 5 through a mounting hole 11.
  • the stator core 4 may have a ring shape of 120 °, 180 °, 300 °, 360 °.
  • the ring-shaped permanent magnet rotor assembly 2 is composed of a plurality of sector-shaped (or other shapes) permanent magnets 7 with positioning holes, which are sequentially installed in a special mold according to N-S,
  • the permanent magnet rotor group 2 is made by aluminum alloy 14 (or high-strength plastic) by injection molding, and finally magnetized.
  • the aluminum alloy 14 is provided with a mounting hole 11.
  • the annular stator assembly 1 shown in Figs. 1 and 2 is installed on the engine body and the end face of the flywheel housing or water pump casing, and the permanent magnet rotor assembly 2 shown in Figs. 3 and 4 is installed in the engine rotation.
  • stator assembly 1 and the permanent magnet rotor assembly 2 together with the engine or the water pump form a side ring permanent magnet starter / generator with the plane air gap magnetic flux direction being axial.
  • this is an edge ring type induction rotor assembly 3, which is composed of a circular inner conductive ring 15, a circular outer conductive ring 16 and a plurality of conductive strips 17 connecting the two rings to form a rotor winding 8
  • the special side-ring type rotor winding 8 can be made by welding copper or aluminum bars. After one or more sets of windings 8 are installed, they are placed in a special mold to form an induction rotor group 3 by aluminum injection or injection molding.
  • the induction rotor assembly 3 and the side ring stator assembly 1 shown in Figs. 1 and 2 constitute a side ring induction generator.
  • Figure 7 shows a 300 ° ring-shaped stator core 4 with wire slots 13, and the 300 ° stator core is stamped and wound from silicon steel sheet.
  • Figure 8 shows another 360 ° ring-shaped stator core 4, which is manufactured by slotted winding of a strip of silicon steel sheet, or is made by butt-welding by lamination, and has fixing holes 12 formed in it.
  • the winding 9 is made of a special clamp and a high-precision winding machine, and is embedded in the end-face wire slot 13 of the stator core. After the winding 9 is assembled, the entire closed-type stator assembly 1 is injection-molded by a special mold.
  • the inner ring starter / generator is a ring starter / generator that operates in a permanent magnet group 2 or an induction rotor group 3 in a ring-shaped stator group 1.
  • Figures 9 and 10 show inner ring permanent magnet motors.
  • the ring-shaped stator assembly 1 is directly installed and fixed on the engine body and the flywheel housing or the water pump housing, and the ring-shaped permanent magnet rotor assembly 2 is installed on the engine flywheel or the water pump runner to form an inner ring permanent magnet.
  • Starter / generator Among them: a ring-shaped stator core 4 and a winding 9 made of silicon steel sheets are laminated by injection molding to form a fully-enclosed ring-shaped stator assembly 1, and a wire slot 13 of the ring-shaped stator assembly 1 is provided in the stator On the inner circle of iron core 4.
  • a certain number of logarithmic tile-shaped permanent magnets 7 are alternately fixed on the outer periphery of the circular ring-shaped magnet core 10 in order of N-S poles in order to form a ring-shaped permanent magnet rotor group 2; the magnet core 10 may also be ⁇ It is punched and stacked with silicon steel sheets.
  • the guide core 10 is punched with trapezoidal permanent magnet mounting holes and aluminum injection holes. After the core is injected with aluminum, the trapezoidal permanent magnet 7 is embedded to form an inner ring type permanent magnet rotor assembly 2.
  • Inner ring induction motor, its ring-shaped induction rotor assembly 3 is composed of two circular conductive rings 15 and 16 of the same diameter and a plurality of conductive bars 17 connecting the two rings to form a rotor winding 8, and the rotor winding 8 is welded by copper and aluminum bars.
  • the winding 8 is put into an inner ring-type special mold and aluminum injection or injection molding 14 is used to form the inner ring-type induction rotor assembly 3, which is installed on the engine flywheel or water pump runner, which is fixed to the engine flywheel housing or
  • the ring-shaped stator assembly 1 on the pump casing constitutes an inner ring induction starter / generator.
  • Figures 11 and 12 are structural diagrams of a multi-group side-ring type parallel stator assembly 1.
  • the two sets of stator assembly 1 are composed of a fixed base plate 5, a gap adjusting gasket 6, and two sets of annular stator cores 4 of different diameters. It is composed of two sets of windings 9. Two sets of stator cores 4 and two sets of windings 9 are fixed on the upper end surface of the bottom plate 5 and injection-molded to form a fully-enclosed multiple-group side-ring-type parallel stator assembly 1.
  • Figures 13 and 14 are structural diagrams of a multi-group side-ring type parallel permanent magnet rotor group body 2, consisting of two sets of fan-shaped (or circular and other shapes) permanent magnets 7 with positioning holes. S is alternately installed in a special mold, and multiple sets of parallel permanent magnet rotor groups 2 are made by aluminum alloy 14 (or high-strength plastic) injection molding, and finally magnetized to form an edge-ring type parallel permanent magnet rotor group 2 .
  • the above-mentioned parallel stator assembly 1 is installed on an end face of an engine cylinder block, and two sets of stator windings are operated in parallel.
  • a rotor assembly 2 is installed on an end face of an engine flywheel.
  • the parallel stator assembly 1 and the parallel permanent magnet rotor assembly 2 constitute one type. Special multi-group side-ring type parallel permanent magnet motor.
  • FIG. 15 shows a permanent magnet (or induction) ring starter / generator for an engine.
  • the stator assembly 1 can use 36-slot 12-pole single-layer chain three-phase windings or other wiring structures.
  • the ring assembly is formed by injection molding as a whole.
  • the stator assembly 1 can adopt a start / generation winding or a multi-winding structure.
  • the stator assembly 1 is installed on the rear surface of the engine cylinder block 20; 6 pairs of 12 fan-shaped neodymium-iron-boron permanent magnet materials 7 are used.
  • the rotor assembly 2 is mounted on the front surface of the flywheel 22; the above-mentioned stator assembly 1 and the rotor assembly 2 face each other.
  • the stator assembly 1 and the permanent magnet rotor assembly 2 are adjusted to form an edge ring starter / generator with a certain radial air gap and the magnetic flux direction is axial.
  • the ring starter / engine of the present invention adopts a set of low-power and high-current power semiconductor converter controller including a control circuit 18 and a MOSFET gate drive circuit 19.
  • the circuit inverts the vehicle's 12V (or 24V) or higher voltage DC power to three-phase AC power, which generates a rotating alternating magnetic field for the three-phase windings of the stator group 1, thereby inducing the permanent magnet rotor group 2 ( Or the induction rotor assembly 3) and the flywheel rotate according to the working direction of the engine.
  • the permanent magnet rotor group 2 and the flywheel 22 continue to rotate in the starting direction to cause the stator group 1 to generate three-phase alternating current.
  • the reverse characteristic of the MOSFET is used to control the signal at the gate source.
  • the current flows from the drain of the MOSFET to the source (D ⁇ S), so that the power semiconductor converter works as a three-phase full-control rectifier voltage regulator circuit, and the three-phase AC power output from the stator group 1 is Through the voltage regulation and rectification, a direct current is supplied to the battery and the automobile electrical load, and the flow direction of the generator output current is shown by the dotted arrow.
  • Figure 17 shows a ring starter / generator structure using a one-way clutch structure rotor flywheel.
  • the rotor assembly 2 is mounted on an end surface of the flywheel 22.
  • the flywheel 22 is mounted on the engine crankshaft 21 through a one-way clutch 41, a permanent magnet coupling 29, and a return spring 40.
  • An electromagnetic control coil 28 is provided at an end surface of the stator assembly 1.
  • the one-way clutch 41 realizes wedge tightening and separation under the repulsive force of the same magnetic pole through the electromagnetic control coil 28 and the permanent magnet coupling 29.
  • Bearings 38 are provided on both end surfaces of the flywheel 22, and the bases of the bearings 38 are respectively mounted on the pressure reducing disk 36 and the fixed disk 35 on the outer end of the stator assembly 1, and the fixed disk 35 is fixed by the flywheel fixing bolts 34. Connected to the engine crankshaft 21, this structure overcomes the axial suction force generated between the plane air gap of the stator assembly 1 and the rotor assembly 2.
  • the one-way clutch 41 separates the engine flywheel 22 from the crankshaft 21, thereby unloading the engine, and the car is rotated and driven by the ring starter / generator rotor 2 (or 3) and the engine flywheel 22. At this time, the engine crankshaft 21 is stopped.
  • turn on the power of the electromagnetic control coil 28 to generate an electromagnetic field with the same magnetic pole as the permanent magnet coupling 29.
  • the permanent magnet coupling 29 and the electromagnetic control coil 28 are under the repulsive force of the same magnetic pole.
  • the permanent magnet coupling 29 wedges the one-way clutch 41 and the engine crankshaft 21, and the engine crankshaft 21 is driven by the rotating engine flywheel 22 to rotate at the same time.
  • the engine starts and enters a normal working state.
  • the crankshaft 21 drives the flywheel 22 to rotate and drive the car to run.
  • the electromagnetic control coil 28 is turned off.
  • the permanent magnet coupling 29 is reset by the return spring 40, so that the one-way clutch 41 is separated from the engine crankshaft 21 again.
  • the inertia kinetic energy passes through the wheels, the transmission, and the clutch.
  • Reverse transmission to the flywheel 22 causes the flywheel 22 to rotate at high speed to induce the stator assembly 1 to generate electricity and charge the battery.
  • the engine crankshaft 21 is at a low speed or stopped, that is, the engine's reverse drag load is unloaded during deceleration, which greatly improves the car's deceleration. Energy recovery.
  • Fig. 18 is a structural diagram of a side ring water pump starter / generator.
  • the three-phase stator assembly 1 is installed on the end surface of the hydrostatic housing 33, and the permanent magnet rotor assembly 2 is installed on the end surface of the water pump runner 27 corresponding to the stator assembly 1, forming a radial air gap and magnetic
  • the three-phase side-ring permanent magnet starter / generator with axial direction in the through direction.
  • the stator assembly 1 induces a three-phase AC power output.
  • the water pump starts / generator drives the water pump to circulate water.
  • stator assembly 1 Because the stator assembly 1 is directly fixed to the water pump housing 33, the heat generated by the stator assembly 1 is taken away by the circulating water of the pump, so a water-cooled starter / generator is formed, thereby greatly reducing the ring starter / power generator.
  • the working temperature of the generator eliminates the components such as the generator casing, end cover, bearing, shaft, and air-cooled heat sink, which simplifies the structure and reduces the cost. Efficient water pump starter / generator.
  • Figure 19 is a brushless excitation inner ring pump starter / generator.
  • the stator assembly 1 is installed in the pump casing On the end face of the body 33, the water pump housing 33 is designed with a cooling water channel 30.
  • the brushless induction rotor group 3 is composed of six S-polarity iron cores and six N-polarity iron alloys (or non-magnetic materials). 1 4 Welding A twelve-pole U-shaped rotor magnet core 10 is made, and the U-shaped rotor magnet core 10 is mounted on an end surface of a water pump runner 27 corresponding to the stator assembly 1 to form an induction rotor assembly 3.
  • the exciting winding of the rotor group 3 is wound on the pump bearing housing inside the U-shaped rotor magnet core 10, forming a brushless exciting inner ring induction water pump starter / generator.
  • the water pump runner 27 rotates, it drives the U-shaped rotor magnet core 10 to rotate, so that the stator group 1 induces a three-phase AC power output, forming another water-cooled brushless excitation water pump starter / generator. Water pump and high power generator.

Description

环式起动 /发电机 技术领域
本发明涉及各种发动机、电动混合动力汽车及汽车水泵等领域使用的环式 起动 /发电机。 背景技术
目前， 现有的各种汽车电机都是由转轴、 轴承、 端盖、 外壳等部件构成的 独立式结构， 其传动是通过皮带、 齿轮或转轴连接完成工作的。 随着国民经济 的发展、 科学技术的进步和人民生活水平的提高， 对电机的性能提出了更新更 高的要求。 特别是汽车发动机领域， 仍然使用的还是传统独立式结构的风冷发 电机和电磁开关起动机。 现代汽车正在向大功率、 低排污、 高度的经济性和工 作可靠性以及舒适豪华性等方面发展， 更高的经济性要求和电器负荷的不断增 加， 使现今汽车的发电机、 起动机及 12V供电系统已不能适应现代需求。 发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种简化改变汽车发动机传统电机结构与机械传 动模式， 使电机与发动机或汽车水泵机械的结合更合理紧凑， 实现高效 "机 / 电"起动、 发电一体化， 降低生产成本， 并最大限度提高电机的驱动可靠性和 工作效率， 实现一种理想的环式起动 /发电机。
为实现上述目的， 本发明釆取的技术方案为： 提供一种环式起动 /发电机， 它包括一环状形定子组体， 一环状形转子组体及一发动机或水泵， 其中： 所述 定子组体安装在所述发动机机体或飞轮壳体或所述水泵的壳体上， 所述转子组 体安装在所述发动机的飞轮或所述水泵的转轮上， 且所述定子组体和所述转子 组体互相面对； 此外， 还包括一套包括控制电路及 M0SFET栅极驱动电路的低 功耗大电流变流控制器。
在所述的环式起动 /发电机中， 所述发动机飞轮通过一单向离合器、 一永 磁连轴器和复位弹簧安装在发动机曲轴上， 一电磁控制线圈设置在所述定子组 体的端面处，所述单向离合器通过所述电磁控制线圈和永磁连轴器在同性磁极 的斥力作用下实现楔紧和分离； 飞轮的两端面上分别设置有轴承， 所述轴承的 底座分别安装在定子组体内圆处的减压盘上和飞轮外端面固定盘上， 所述固定
1
确认本 盘通过飞轮固定螺栓固定在发动机曲轴上。
在所述的环式起动 /发电机中， 所述水泵壳体上设有散热水道。
在所述的环式起动 /发电机中， 所述定子组体包括环状形定子铁心、 固定 底板、 间隙调整垫片和定子绕组； 所述定子铁心上绕有定子绕组， 所述定子铁 心通过固定孔固定在底板的上端面上，而调整垫片通过安装孔安装在底板的下 端面上； 所述转子组体包括多块带定位孔的扇形的永久磁铁， 它们依次按 N - S 交替安装在专用模具中， 用铝合金压注， 再充磁而成； 使用如此结构的定子组 体和转子组体的起动 /发电机构成边环式永磁起动 /发电机。
在所述的环式起动 /发电机中， 所述定子组体包括环状形定子铁心、 固定 底板、 间隙调整垫片和定子绕组； 所述定子铁心上绕有定子绕组， 所述定子铁 心通过固定孔固定在底板的上端面上，而调整垫片通过安装孔安装在底板的下 端面上； 所述转子组体包括由圆形内导电环、 圆形外导电环与多根连接两环的 导电条构成的转子绕组， 将一组或多组绕组放入专用模具通过注铝或注塑构成 感应转子组体； 使用如此结构的定子组体和转子组体的起动 /发电机构成边环 式感应起动 /发电机。
在所述的起动 /发电机中， 所述定子组体由硅钢片冲压叠制成的环状形定 子铁心与绕组经过嵌线注塑构成， 嵌线槽设在定子铁心的内圆上； 所述转子组 体由一定对数的瓦片形永久磁铁、依次按 N- S磁极方式交替固定在圆环形导磁 铁心的外周上构成； 使用如此结构的定子组体和转子组体的起动 /发电机构成 内环式永磁起动 /发电机。
在所述的起动 /发电机中， 所述定子组体包括环状形定子铁心、 固定底板、 间隙调整垫片和定子绕组； 所述定子铁心上绕有定子绕组， 所述定子铁心通过 固定孔固定在底板的上端面上， 而调整垫片通过安装孔安装在底板的下端面 上；所述转子组体包括由两同径圆形导电环与多根连接两环的导电条构成的转 子绕组， 将转子绕组放入内环式专用模具通过注铝构成内环式感应转子组体； 使用如此结构的定子组体和转子组体的起动 /发电机构成内环式感应起动 /发 电机。
在所述的起动 /发电机中， 所述定子组体由固定底板、 间隙调整垫片、 两 套不同直径的环状形定子铁心和两组绕组构成， 两套定子铁心与两组绕组固定 在底板的上端面上， 注塑构成全封闭多组边环式并联定子组体； 所述转子组体 是由两组多块带定位孔的扇形的永久磁铁、依次按 N- S磁极交替安装在专用模 具中、 用铝合金压注制成的多组并联永磁转子组体； 使用如此结构的定子组体 和转子组体的起动 /发电机构成多组边环式并联永磁起动 /发电机。
在所述的起动 /发电机中， 所述定子组体是采用 36槽 12极单层链式三相 绕组整体安装注塑构成的环状形定子组体； 所述转子组体是采用 6对 12块扇 形钕铁硼永磁材料、 通过注铝充磁制成的环状形永磁转子组体； 使用如此结构 的定子组体和转子组体的起动 /发电机构成边环式永磁起动 /发电机。
在所述的起动 /发电机中， 定子组体安装在水泵壳体的端面上， 无刷转子 组体包括由 6块 S极性铁心和 6块 N极性铁心用铝合金焊接制成的 12极 U型 转子导磁铁心， U型转子导磁铁心安装在与定子组体相对应的水泵转轮的端面 上， 转子组体的励磁绕组绕制在 U型转子导磁铁心内的水泵轴承外壳上， 由此 构成一种无刷励磁内环式感应水泵起动 /发电机。
本发明提供的环式起动 /发电机具有以下特点：
①、 建立机电新理念， 采用新的设计概念与分析方法， 只用环状形定子组 体和转子组体两部分及一套低功耗大电流变流控制器组成， 与发动机或水泵构 成一种全新 "机 /电" 一体化无轴环式起动 /发电机复用装置。
②、 改变了汽车传统的起动机和发电机结构及安装传动模式。 无电机本体 转轴、 轴承、 端盖、 外壳等部件， 利用发动机或水泵机械的转轴、 轴承和外壳 等构成机械 /电机一体化结构， 具有与发动机或水泵共轴运转、 直接驱动的工 作特性， 使电机与发动机或水泵机械装置结构更简单合理紧凑， 彻底消除了电 机的维修保养等问题。
③、 环式起动 /发电机具有轴向尺寸短， 传动力矩大， 安装使用方便， 生 产成本低， 无需散热装置， 工作温度低， 驱动可靠性高， 使用寿命长等特点。
④、定子组体采用了特殊工艺制作的卷绕结构铁心，并可制成 120° 、180°、 300 ° 、 360 ° 环形结构。 在同一定子底板上安装两套不同直径定子组体， 在同 一导磁底板上安装两组永磁转子组体， 构成一种平面气隙磁通方向为轴向的大 功率并联环式起动 /发电机。
⑤、 环式起动 /发电机与水泵实现一体化结构， 取消了发电机风冷散热装 置及外壳、 端盖、 轴承等零部件。 环状形定子组体安装在水泵壳体上， 定子组 体采用泵水循环散热结构方式， 将定子组体产生的热量由循环泵水带走， 环状 形转子组体安装在水泵转轮上， 水泵转轮也采用单向离合器结构， 构成一种结 构简单合理并无噪音的高效水泵起动 /发电机。 发电机工作效率大大提高， 工 作温度低。 还式起动 /发电机产生的轴向磁吸力， 可以补偿泵水产生的轴向力， 大大延长了水泵轴承的使用寿命。 因而将环式起动 /发电机与水泵融为机 /电一 体化结构是理想完美的最佳方案， 同体实现了电动水泵和大功率水冷发电机。
⑥、 环式起动 /发电机与发动机实现一体化结构， 具有起动和发电多功能 于一体， 将现代各型汽车发动机少做结构改动即可安装使用， 并与发动机融为 一体化水循环散热结构。 构成一种高效、 环保、 节能的 "机 /电" 一体化结构 新型发动机。 它代表一种环保节能的高效发动机发展新方向。
⑦、 采用环式起动 /发电机复用装置设计的 "机 /电"一体化结构高效节能 发动机， 具有大功率起动和大功率多电压供电特性， 采用 12V和 36V电源供电 系统， 可以使发动机实现电动水泵、 电动空调等全电动化自动控制。 使发动机 具有无皮带传动、 低噪音、 极高的工作可靠性或经济性， 以及最大限度提高了 发动机整体的使用寿命。 从而使 21世纪的汽车使用大功率多电压 "机 /电"一 体化高效环保节能发动机成为现实。
⑧、 采用一套发动机环式起动 /发电机和一套水泵环式起动 /发电机， 可设 计一种较理想的并联式混合动力电动汽车， 在发动机起动至高速时起动机起电 动加速辅助作用， 使汽车很快达到经济行驶速度， 此时起动机又作为发电机供 蓄电池充电和用电负载使用。 混合动力用大功率环式起动 /发电机现已取得突 破性的技术进展， 环式起动 /发电机最大功率已达 50Kw， 通过实验证明： 该电 机在相同体积条件下， 转矩比和功率比较传统电机大， 转矩比可达 5..4N. m/Kg 以上， 功率比可达 2. 8 Kw/Kg以上， 转矩常数达 0. 96N. m/A， 发电机感应电势 波动率 Wm等于 2%， 以上技术参数已达到国际领先水平。
采用环式起动 /发电复用装置和单向离合器结构转子飞轮， 解决了： 1、 环 式起动 /发电机定子和转子平面气隙间的轴向吸合力大的问题； 2、 发动机与环 式起动 /发电机实现卸载同轴负载的连接， 使发动机和起动 /发电机独立或同时 驱动汽车工作运行。 汽车在起动至低速 （或纯电动行使） 时， 由起动 /发电机 转子 （即发动机飞轮） 旋转驱动汽车， 环式起动 /发电机转子 （即飞轮） 在单 向离合器的作用下与发动机曲轴卸载工作运转， 即此时发动机及曲轴停止工作 运转， 汽车在纯电动工况运行时， 因发动机停止工作使电机定子组体内的冷却 液停止循环。 此时， 水泵起动 /发电机驱动水泵工作， 使发动机与电机定子组 体内的冷却液继续循环散热， 保证电机正常工作。 当需要发动机起动工作时， 接通单向离合永磁连轴器控制线圈电源， 在同性磁极的斥力作用下， 永磁连轴 器将发动机曲轴与飞轮楔紧， 由飞轮驱动曲轴运转使发动机起动工作。 发动机 起动后与起动 /发电机共同驱动汽车在混合动力状态下运行。 此时电动水泵停 止工作， 水泵转轮在发动机皮带轮的驱动下运转， 水泵起动机又转变为发电机 供 12V或更高电压的蓄电池充电和用电负载使用。 在汽车减速时， 惯性运行动 能通过车轮、 变速器、 离合器反传动给飞轮， 使飞轮高速旋转感应定子组体发 电并充电给蓄电池。 此时发动机曲轴低速或停止运转， 即卸载了减速时发动机 的反拖负载， 大大提高了汽车减速时的回收能量。 附图说明
图 1为环状形定子组体的主视图；
图 2为图 1的 A- A剖视图；
图 3为环状形永磁转子组体的主视图；
图 4为图 3的俯视图；
图 5为环状形感应转子组体的主视图。
图 6为图 5的俯视图；
图 7为 300 ° 环状形定子铁心的结构示意图；
图 8为 360 ° 环状形定子铁心与绕组的安装示意图；
图 9为内环式起动 /发电机结构示意图；
图 10为图 9的 B— B剖视图；
图 11为边环形并联定子组体的主视图；
图 12为图 11的 C- C剖视图；
图 13为边环形并联永磁转子组体的结构示意图；
图 14为图 13的 E-E剖视图；
图 15为发动机环式起动 /发电机结构示意图；
图 16为环式起动 /发电机控制电路原理图；
图 17为使用单向离合器结构转子飞轮的环式起动 /发电机结构示意图; 图 18为边环式水泵起动 /发电机的结构示意图；
图 19为无刷励磁内环式水泵起动 /发电机的结构示意图。 具体实施方式
图中： 1一定子组体； 2—永磁转子组体； 3—感应转子组体； 4一定子铁 心； 5—固定底板； 6—间隙调整垫片； 7—永久磁铁； 8—转子绕组； 9一定子 绕组； 10—导磁铁心； 11一安装孔； 12—固定孔； 13—嵌线槽； 14一铝合金； 15—内导电环； 16—外导电环； 17—导电条； 18—控制电路； 19一 M0SFET栅极 驱动电路； 20—发动机气缸体； 21—发动机曲轴； 22—发动机飞轮； 23—离合 器； 24—发动机飞轮外壳体； 25—变速箱； 26—变速箱传动轴； 27—水泵转 轮； 28—电磁控制线圈； 29—永磁连轴器； 30—水泵壳体散热水道； 31—水泵 叶轮； 32—水泵转轴； 33—水泵壳体； 34—飞轮固定螺栓； 35—固定盘； 36— 减压盘； 37—水泵轴承； 38—轴承； 39—安装孔； 40—复位弹簧； 41一单向 本发明提供的环式起动 /发电机， 主要由环状形定子组体 1和环状形永磁 转子组体 2 (或感应转子组体 3 ) 及一套低功耗大电流变流控制器构成， 将环 状形定子组体 1设计安装在发动机体或飞轮壳体上， 将环状形转子组体 2 (或 感应转子组体 3 ) 设计安装在发动机旋转飞轮上， 构成一种永磁或感应发动机 环式起动 /发电机； 将环状形定子组体 1 设计安装在水泵壳体上， 将环状形转 子组体 2 (或感应转子组体 3 ) 设计安装在水泵转轮上， 构成一种永磁或感应 水泵环式起动 /发电机。 利用发动机或水泵机械装置的转轴、 轴承和外壳等构 成机械 /电机一体化新结构， 使电机与发动机或水泵机械装置共轴运转直接驱 动。
该环式起动 /发电机按不同的安装结构可分为： 边环式、 内环式、 并联式 以及多组定子组体、 转子组体构成的组合式等。
边环式起动 /发电机主要由一组或多组环状形定子组体 1和永磁转子组体 2或感应转子组体 3构成一种平面气隙并磁通方向为轴向的环式起动 /发电机。
如图 1、 2所示， 环状形定子组体 1 由环状形定子铁心 4 (有单面槽铁心、 双面槽铁心和无槽铁心） 、 固定底板 5、 间隙调整垫片 6、 定子绕组 9 (可采用 多种布线方式） 等构成。 定子铁心 4上绕有定子绕组 9， 定子铁心 4通过固定 孔 12固定在底板 5的上端面上， 调整垫片 6通过安装孔 11安装在底板 5的下 端面上。 定子铁心 4可以有 120° 、 180 ° 、 300 ° 、 360°环状形。
如图 3、 4所示， 环状形永磁转子组体 2由多块带定位孔的扇形 （或圆形 等其它形状） 的永久磁铁 7， 依次按 N— S 交替安装在专用模具中， 用铝合金 14 (或高强度塑料）压注制成永磁转子组体 2， 最后充磁使用。 铝合金 14上设 有安装孔 11。 将上述图 1、 2所示的环状形定子组体 1安装在发动机体及飞轮壳体或水 泵壳体端面上， 将上述图 3、 4所示的永磁转子组体 2安装在发动机旋转飞轮 或水泵转轮端面上， 这样， 定子组体 1和永磁转子组体 2与发动机或水泵一起 便构成一种平面气隙磁通方向为轴向的边环式永磁起动 /发电机。
如图 5、 6所示， 这是一种边环式感应转子组体 3， 它由圆形内导电环 15、 圆形外导电环 16与多根连接两环的导电条 17构成转子绕组 8， 专用边环式转 子绕组 8可采用铜条或铝条焊接制成， 将一组或多组绕组 8安装后， 放入专用 模具通过注铝或注塑构成感应转子组体 3。所述感应转子组体 3与图 1、 2所示 的边环形定子组体 1构成一种边环式感应发电机。
图 7所示的是一种 300 ° 环状形定子铁心 4，其上有嵌线槽 13， 300° 定子 铁心由硅钢片冲压卷绕制成。
图 8所示的是另一种 360 ° 环状形定子铁心 4， 它由带料硅钢片冲槽卷绕 制造， 或采用分片冲压叠卷对焊制成， 其上开有固定孔 12。绕组 9用专用卡具 及高精度绕线机制成， 并嵌入定子铁心的端面嵌线槽 13中， 绕组 9装配后通 过专用模具注塑构成整体全封式定子组体 1。
内环式起动 /发电机是一种永磁转子组体 2或感应转子组体 3在环状形定 子组体 1内运转工作的环式起动 /发电机。
图 9、 10所示为内环式永磁电机。环状形定子组体 1直接安装固定在发动 机体及飞轮壳体或水泵壳体上， 环状形永磁转子组体 2安装在发动机飞轮或水 泵转轮上， 构成一种内环式永磁起动 /发电机。 其中： 由硅钢片冲压叠制成的 环状形定子铁心 4与绕组 9经过嵌线注塑构成全封闭式环状形定子组体 1， 环 状形定子组体 1 的嵌线槽 13设在定子铁心 4的内圆上。 将一定对数的瓦片形 永久磁铁 7， 依次按 N— S极方式交替固定在圆环形导磁铁心 10的外周上， 构 成环状形永磁转子组体 2 ; 导磁铁心 10 也可釆用硅钢片冲压叠成， 导磁铁心 10上冲有梯形永磁安装孔和注铝孔， 铁心注铝后嵌入梯形永久磁铁 7， 构成内 环式永磁转子组体 2。
内环式感应电机， 其环状形感应转子组体 3 由两同径圆形导电环 15、 16 与多根连接两环的导电条 17构成转子绕组 8，转子绕组 8由铜和铝条焊接制成， 绕组 8放入内环式专用模具通过注铝或注塑 14， 构成内环式感应转子组体 3， 将其安装在发动机飞轮或水泵转轮上， 它与固定在发动机飞轮壳体或水泵壳体 上的环状形定子组体 1构成内环式感应起动 /发电机。 图 11、 12是一种多组边环式并联定子组体 1的结构图，其两组定子组体 1 由固定底板 5、 间隙调整垫片 6、 两套不同直径的环状形定子铁心 4和两组绕 组 9构成。 两套定子铁心 4与两组绕组 9固定在底板 5的上端面上， 注塑构成 全封闭多组边环式并联定子组体 1。
图 13、 14是一种多组边环式并联永磁转子组体 2的结构图， 由两组多块 带定位孔的扇形（或圆形等其它形状）的永久磁铁 7， 依次按 N— S交替安装在 专用模具中，用铝合金 14 (或高强度塑料）压注制成多组并联永磁转子组体 2， 最后充磁使用， 构成一种边环式并联永磁转子组体 2。
上述并联定子组体 1安装在发动机气缸体的端面上，两套定子绕组并联工 作， 转子组体 2安装在发动机飞轮的端面上， 并联定子组体 1与并联永磁转子 组体 2构成一种特殊的多组边环式并联永磁电机。
图 15是一种发动机用永磁 （或感应）环式起动 /发电机。 其定子组体 1可 釆用 36槽 12极单层链式三相绕组或其它布线结构， 整体安装注塑构成环状形 定子组体 1， 定子组体 1 可采用起动 /发电绕组或多绕组结构， 将定子组体 1 安装在发动机气缸体 20的后端面上； 采用 6对 12块扇形钕铁硼永磁材料 7、 通过注铝充磁制成环状形永磁转子组体 2，永磁转子组体 2安装在飞轮 22的前 端面上； 上述定子组体 1和转子组体 2互相面对。 将定子组体 1与永磁转子组 体 2调整构成一定径向气隙并磁通方向为轴向的边环式起动 /发电机。
如图 16 所示， 本发明的环式起动 /发动机采用一套包括控制电路 18 及 MOSFET栅极驱动电路 19的低功耗大电流的功率半导体变流控制器。 当起动发 动机时， 该电路将汽车 12V (或 24V) 或更高电压直流电逆变为三相交流电， 供定子组体 1的三相绕组产生旋转交变磁场， 从而感应永磁转子组体 2 (或感 应转子组体 3 ) 及飞轮按发动机工作方向旋转。 在较短的时间内使发动机起动 运转工作， 起动电流方向如图实线箭头所示。 发动机起动完毕后即正常运转工 作， 此时， 永磁转子组体 2与飞轮 22按起动方向继续旋转使定子组体 1感应 产生三相交流电， 这时利用 MOSFET反向特性， 在栅源控制信号的作用下， 使 电流由 MOSFET 的漏极流向源极 （D→S ) ， 从而使功率半导体变流器又作为三 相全控整流调压电路工作， 把定子组体 1输出的三相交流电， 通过调压整流成 直流电供给蓄电池和汽车电器负载， 发电机输出电流的流向如图虚线箭头所 示。
图 17所示为一种使用单向离合器结构转子飞轮的环式起动 /发电机结构。 转子组体 2安装在飞轮 22的端面上。飞轮 22通过单向离合器 41、永磁连轴器 29和复位弹簧 40安装在发动机曲轴 21上， 电磁控制线圈 28设置在定子组体 1的端面处。单向离合器 41通过电磁控制线圈 28和永磁连轴器 29在同性磁极 的斥力作用下实现楔紧和分离。 飞轮 22的两端面上分别设置有轴承 38， 轴承 38 的底座分别安装在定子组体 1 内圆处的减压盘 36和飞轮外端显固定盘 35 上， 固定盘 35通过飞轮固定螺栓 34固定连接在发动机曲轴 21上， 该结构克 服了定子组体 1与转子组体 2平面气隙间产生的轴向吸合力。
当汽车起动至低速行驶时， 单向离合器 41使发动机飞轮 22与曲轴 21分 离运转， 从而将发动机卸载， 由环式起动 /发电机转子 2 (或 3 ) 及发动机飞轮 22旋转驱动汽车运行， 此时发动机曲轴 21停止运转。 当需要起动发动机工作 时， 接通电磁控制线圈 28的电源， 使其产生与永磁连轴器 29相同磁极的电磁 场， 永磁连轴器 29与电磁控制线圈 28在同性磁极的斥力作用下， 使永磁连轴 器 29将单向离合器 41与发动机曲轴 21楔紧， 由旋转的发动机飞轮 22驱动发 动机曲轴 21 同时旋转， 此时发动机起动并进入正常工作状态， 在单向离合器 41的楔紧作用下， 曲轴 21带动飞轮 22—起旋转并驱动汽车运行。在汽车减速 时， 电磁控制线圈 28断开电源， 此时永磁连轴器 29在复位弹簧 40的作用下 复位， 使单向离合器 41与发动机曲轴 21再次分离， 惯性动能通过车轮、 变速 器、 离合器反传动给飞轮 22， 使飞轮 22高速旋转感应定子组体 1发电并充电 给蓄电池， 此时发动机曲轴 21 低速或停止运转， 即卸载了减速时发动机的反 拖负载， 大大提高了汽车减速时的能量回收。
图 18为边环式水泵起动 /发电机的结构示意图。三相定子组体 1安装在水 荥壳体 33的端面上， 永磁转子组体 2安装在与定子组体 1相对应的水泵转轮 27的端面上， 构成一种径向气隙并磁通方向为轴向的三相边环式永磁起动 /发 电机。 当发动机驱动水泵转轮 27旋转时， 使定子组体 1感应产生三相交流电 输出； 当汽车纯电动行使时， 水泵起动 /发电机驱动水泵循环泵水工作。 因定 子组体 1直接固定安装在水泵壳体 33上， 定子组体 1产生的热量通过水泵循 环水带走， 所以构成了一种水冷式起动 /发电机， 从而大大降低了环式起动 /发 电机的工作温度， 取消了发电机的外壳、 端盖、 轴承、 转轴及风冷散热装置等 部件， 简化了结构、 降低了成本， 构成一种工作温度低、 结构简单合理紧凑的 水冷式无噪音的高效水泵起动 /发电机。
图 19是一种无刷励磁内环式水泵起动 /发电机。定子组体 1安装在水泵壳 体 33的端面上， 水泵壳体 33设计有散热水道 30， 无刷感应转子组体 3由六块 S极性铁心和六块 N极性铁心用铝合金 （或非导磁性材料） 1 4焊接制成十二 极 U型转子导磁铁心 1 0， U型转子导磁铁心 1 0安装在与定子组体 1相对应 的水泵转轮 27的端面上， 构成感应转子组体 3。转子组体 3的励磁绕组绕制在 U型转子导磁铁心 1 0内的水泵轴承外壳上， 构成一种无刷励磁内环式感应水 泵起动 /发电机。 当水泵转轮 27旋转时， 带动 U型转子导磁铁心 1 0旋转， 使 定子组体 1 感应产生三相交流电输出， 构成另一种水冷式无刷励磁水泵起动 / 发电机， 同体实现了电动水泵和大功率发电机。
虽然按照图示的较佳实施例描述了本发明，但本发明并不限于图示的实施 例。 对本技术领域的技术人员来说显而易见的是， 在不超出本发明范围的情况 下还可以作出许多变化和改进。 因此， 本发明的范围由附后的权利要求书限 定。

Claims

权利要求
1. 一种环式起动 /发电机， 包括一环状形定子组体 （1) ， 一环状形转子 组体 （2， 3) 及一发动机或水泵， 其特征在于， 所述定子组体 （1) 安装在所 述发动机机体 （20) 或飞轮壳体 （24) 或所述水泵的壳体 （33) 上， 所述转子 组体 （2， 3) 安装在所述发动机的飞轮 （22) 或所述水泵的转轮 （27) 上， 且 所述定子组体 （1) 和所述转子组体 （2， 3) 互相面对； 此外， 还包括一套包 括控制电路 （18) 及 M0SFET 栅极驱动电路 （19) 的低功耗大电流变流控制 器
2. 如权利要求 1所述的环式起动 /发电机， 其特征在于， 所述发动机飞轮 (22) 通过一单向离合器 （41) 、 一永磁连轴器 （29) 和复位弹簧 （40) 安装 在发动机曲轴 （21) 上， 一电磁控制线圈 （28) 设置在所述定子组体 （1) 的 端面处， 所述单向离合器 （41) 通过所述电磁控制线圈 （28) 和永磁连轴器 (29) 在同性磁极的斥力作用下实现楔紧和分离； 飞轮 （22) 的两端面分别设 置轴承 （38) ， 所述轴承 （38) 的底座分别安装在定子组体 （1) 内圆处的减 压盘 （36) 上和飞轮外端面固定盘 （35) 上， 所述固定盘 （35) 通过飞轮固定 螺栓 （34) 固定在发动机曲轴 （21) 上。
3. 如权利要求 1所述的环式起动 /发电机， 其特征在于， 所述水泵壳体 (33) 上设有散热水道 （30) 。
4. 如权利要求 1至 3之一所述的环式起动 /发电机， 其特征在于， 所述定 子组体 （1) 包括环状形定子铁心 （4) 、 固定底板 （5) 、 间隙调整垫片 （6) 和定子绕组 （9) ； 所述定子铁心 （4) 上绕有定子绕组 （9) ， 所述定子铁心
(4) 通过固定孔 （12) 固定在底板 （5) 的上端面上， 而调整垫片 （6) 通过 安装孔 （11) 安装在底板 （5) 的下端面上； 所述转子组体 （2) 包括多块带定 位孔的扇形的永久磁铁 （7) ， 它们依次按 N-S交替安装在专用模具中， 用铝 合金 （14) 压注， 再充磁而成； 使用如此结构的定子组体 （1) 和转子组体
(2) 的起动 /发电机构成边环式永磁起动 /发电机。
5. 如权利要求 1至 3之一所述的环式起动 /发电机， 其特征在于， 所述定 子组体 （1) 包括环状形定子铁心 （4) 、 固定底板 （5) 、 间隙调整垫片 （6) 和定子绕组 （9) ； 所述定子铁心 （4) 上绕有定子绕组 （9) ， 所述定子铁心
(4) 通过固定孔 （12) 固定在底板 （5) 的上端面上， 而调整垫片 （6) 通过 安装孔 （11) 安装在底板 （5) 的下端面上； 所述转子组体 （3) 包括由圆形内 导电环 （15) 、 圆形外导电环 （16) 与多根连接两环的导电条 （17) 构成的转 子绕组 （8) ， 将一组或多组绕组 （8) 放入专用模具通过注铝或注塑构成感应 转子组体 （3) ； 使用如此结构的定子组体 （1) 和转子组体 （3) 的起动 /发电 机构成边环式感应起动 /发电机。
6. 如权利要求 1至 3之一所述的起动 /发电机， 其特征在于， 所述定子组 体 （1) 由硅钢片冲压叠制成的环状形定子铁心 （4) 与绕组 （9) 经过嵌线注 塑构成， 嵌线槽 （13) 设在定子铁心 （4) 的内圆上； 所述转子组体 （2) 由一 定对数的瓦片形永久磁铁 （7) 、 依次按 N-S磁极方式交替固定在圆环形导磁 铁心 （10) 的外周上构成； 使用如此结构的定子组体 （1) 和转子组体 （2) 的 起动 /发电机构成内环式永磁起动 /发电机。
7. 如权利要求 1至 3之一所述的起动 /发电机， 其特征在于， 所述定子组 体 （1) 包括环状形定子铁心 （4) 、 固定底板 （5) 、 间隙调整垫片 （6) 和定 子绕组 (9) ； 所述定子铁心 （4) 上绕有定子绕组 (9) ， 所述定子铁心 (4) 通过固定孔 （12) 固定在底板 （5) 的上端面上， 而调整垫片 （6) 通过安装孔
(11) 安装在底板 （5) 的下端面上； 所述转子组体 （3) 包括由两同径圆形导 电环 （15， 16) 与多根连接两环的导电条 （17) 构成的转子绕组 （8) ， 将转 子绕组 （8) 放入内环式专用模具通过注铝构成内环式感应转子组体 （3) ； 使 用如此结构的定子组体 （1) 和转子组体 （3) 的起动 /发电机构成内环式感应 起动 /发电机。
8. 如权利要求 1至 3之一所述的起动 /发电机， 其特征在于， 所述定子组 体 （1) 由固定底板 （5) 、 间隙调整垫片 （6) 、 两套不同直径的环状形定子 铁心 （4) 和两组绕组 （9) 构成， 两套定子铁心 （4) 与两组绕组 （9) 固定在 底板 （5) 的上端面上， 注塑构成全封闭多组边环式并联定子组体 （1) ； 所述 转子组体 （2) 是由两组多块带定位孔的扇形的永久磁铁 （7) 、 依次按 N-S磁 极交替安装在专用模具中、 用铝合金 （14)压注制成的多组并联永磁转子组体
(2) ； 使用如此结构的定子组体 （1) 和转子组体 （2) 的起动 /发电机构成多 组边环式并联永磁起动 /发电机。
9. 如权利要求 1至 3之一所述的起动 /发电机， 其特征在于， 所述定子组 体 （1) 是采用 36槽 12极单层链式三相绕组整体安装注塑构成的环状形定子 组体 （1) ； 所述转子组体 （2) 是采用 6对 12块扇形钕铁硼永磁材料 （7) 、 通过注铝充磁制成的环状形永磁转子组体 （2) ； 使用如此结构的定子组体 (1) 和转子组体 （2) 的起动 /发电机构成边环式永磁起动 /发电机。
10. 如权利要求 1或 3所述的起动 /发电机， 其特征在于， 定子组体 (1) 安装在水泵壳体 （33) 的端面上， 无刷转子组体 （3) 包括由 6块 S极性 铁心和 6块 N极性铁心用铝合金 （14) 焊接制成的 12极 U型转子导磁铁心 (10) ， U型转子导磁铁心 （10) 安装在与定子组体 （1) 相对应的水泵转轮 (27) 的端面上， 转子组体 （3) 的励磁绕组饶制在 U型转子导磁铁心 （10) 内的水泵轴承外壳上， 由此构成一种无刷励磁内环式感应水泵起动 /发电机。
PCT/CN2002/000623 2001-09-08 2002-09-06 Demarreur/generateur a mode annulaire WO2003047068A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (3)

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CNB028175840A CN1249879C (zh) 2001-09-08 2002-09-06 环式起动/发电复用装置
EP02803734A EP1434330A4 (en) 2001-09-08 2002-09-06 RING MODE STARTER GENERATOR
US10/795,965 US20040232702A1 (en) 2001-09-08 2004-03-08 Ring type starter/generator

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CN01125696.6 2001-09-08
CN01125696A CN1350357A (zh) 2001-09-08 2001-09-08 环式电机

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JP2005318777A (ja) 2005-11-10
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CN1554143A (zh) 2004-12-08
US20040232702A1 (en) 2004-11-25
CN1249879C (zh) 2006-04-05
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CN1350357A (zh) 2002-05-22

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