Classifications

• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
  • G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
  • G01N15/04—Investigating sedimentation of particle suspensions
  • G01N15/05—Investigating sedimentation of particle suspensions in blood
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
  • A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
  • A61M1/36—Other treatment of blood in a by-pass of the natural circulatory system, e.g. temperature adaptation, irradiation ; Extra-corporeal blood circuits
  • A61M1/3693—Other treatment of blood in a by-pass of the natural circulatory system, e.g. temperature adaptation, irradiation ; Extra-corporeal blood circuits using separation based on different densities of components, e.g. centrifuging
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
  • B01L3/00—Containers or dishes for laboratory use, e.g. laboratory glassware; Droppers
  • B01L3/50—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes
  • B01L3/502—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures
  • B01L3/5027—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures by integrated microfluidic structures, i.e. dimensions of channels and chambers are such that surface tension forces are important, e.g. lab-on-a-chip
  • B01L3/502753—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures by integrated microfluidic structures, i.e. dimensions of channels and chambers are such that surface tension forces are important, e.g. lab-on-a-chip characterised by bulk separation arrangements on lab-on-a-chip devices, e.g. for filtration or centrifugation
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
  • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
  • G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
  • G01N33/483—Physical analysis of biological material
  • G01N33/487—Physical analysis of biological material of liquid biological material
  • G01N33/49—Blood
  • G01N33/491—Blood by separating the blood components
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
  • B01L2200/00—Solutions for specific problems relating to chemical or physical laboratory apparatus
  • B01L2200/06—Fluid handling related problems
  • B01L2200/0647—Handling flowable solids, e.g. microscopic beads, cells, particles
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
  • B01L2300/00—Additional constructional details
  • B01L2300/08—Geometry, shape and general structure
  • B01L2300/0809—Geometry, shape and general structure rectangular shaped
  • B01L2300/0816—Cards, e.g. flat sample carriers usually with flow in two horizontal directions
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
  • G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
  • G01N15/04—Investigating sedimentation of particle suspensions
  • G01N15/05—Investigating sedimentation of particle suspensions in blood
  • G01N2015/055—Investigating sedimentation of particle suspensions in blood for hematocrite determination
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
  • G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
  • G01N15/10—Investigating individual particles
  • G01N15/14—Optical investigation techniques, e.g. flow cytometry
  • G01N2015/1486—Counting the particles
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T436/00—Chemistry: analytical and immunological testing
  • Y10T436/25—Chemistry: analytical and immunological testing including sample preparation
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T436/00—Chemistry: analytical and immunological testing
  • Y10T436/25—Chemistry: analytical and immunological testing including sample preparation
  • Y10T436/25375—Liberation or purification of sample or separation of material from a sample [e.g., filtering, centrifuging, etc.]

Definitions

• Method and separation module for separating particles from a dispersion, in particular from blood cells
• the invention relates to a method for separating particles from a dispersion and a component for carrying out such a method. Since such a component can be used modularly as a component of different systems, it is referred to here as a separation module.
• the invention can be used in particular for separating corpuscular components from biological samples, especially from blood.
• the problem arises of partially or completely removing the particles from a dispersion which contains particles dispersed in a carrier medium.
• a particularly important area is analytical methods for determining the concentration of components in the blood.
• blood tests cannot be performed on whole blood that contains the corpuscular components (blood cells). Rather, it is necessary to obtain plasma from the whole blood beforehand that is as free as possible of cellular material.
• the invention is also suitable for the treatment of other dispersions, it being possible for the carrier medium to be not only liquid but also gaseous.
• An example of the application of the invention in the context of diagnostic-analytical methods, in which a non-biological liquid is treated, is the manipulation, enrichment or isolation of so-called beads, which, due to their large, renewable surface, have recently been used increasingly in combinatorial chemistry and molecular biology, for example become.
• the invention can also be used in other areas of chemical process engineering and the food industry in order to separate particles from process streams.
• biotechnological processes removal and isolation of cell cultures from appropriate dispersions
• Centrifugation methods have traditionally been used to obtain plasma for blood tests by separating the cellular components. However, they are not suitable for modern miniaturized tests. This applies in particular to the so-called patient-oriented diagnostics, in which an analysis element that is as small and compact as possible (for example in the form of a test strip) contains all the reagents and other means necessary for carrying out the test, so that only the sample liquid remains in contact with the analysis element must be brought in order, after a short time, on the basis of a change that is physically detectable on the analysis element (in particular a change in color or a change in an electrical measurement large) to determine the desired analytical result visually or with the help of an evaluation device.
• an analysis element that is as small and compact as possible (for example in the form of a test strip) contains all the reagents and other means necessary for carrying out the test, so that only the sample liquid remains in contact with the analysis element must be brought in order, after a short time, on the basis of a change that is physically detectable on the analysis element (in particular
• US Pat. No. 5,922,210 describes a microcomponent which is intended to be used to obtain extremely small amounts of plasma in the range up to about 1 ⁇ l by microfiltration.
• Microchannels are produced in a silicon substrate by etching.
• the blood cells are separated in a so-called barrier channel, the depth of which is less than 0.1 ⁇ m, so that the blood cells cannot flow through the barrier channel.
• the required inflow channels and the blocking channel are created in two successive manufacturing steps.
• the required, extremely small depth of the blocking channel of less than 0.1 ⁇ m is determined by the duration of the etching process in an etching bath. In view of the high reproducibility required, this manufacturing process is very difficult and finite.
• the object of the invention is to enable the separation of particles from a dispersion while avoiding the disadvantages described above as far as possible with a separation module which can be produced simply and inexpensively.
• the separation module should preferably be a so-called “disposable” and should be particularly suitable for generating small amounts of plasma (less than 10 ⁇ l, in particular less than 5 ⁇ l) for miniaturized tests.
• the object is achieved by a method for separating particles from a fluid dispersion, in particular for separating corpuscular components from biological samples, especially from blood, by means of a separation module with a substrate with flow channels, comprising an inflow channel for supplying the dispersion a branch, a first drain channel for draining fluid with reduced particle concentration away from the branch and a second drain channel for draining fluid with increased particle concentration away from the branch, the fluid flowing in the second drain channel so much faster than in the first drain channel, that the dispersed particles preferably continue to flow in the second outflow channel at the branch due to the different flow rate.
• the filtration processes used hitherto for the purposes of the invention are based on steric selection, that is to say that the particles to be separated are retained because the pores of the filter medium are smaller than the diameter of the particles.
• the pore diameter of the filter medium in particular because of the easy deformability of the erythrocytes must be at most about 1 ⁇ m.
• the selection is based on a completely different principle: Different local particle flow velocities in different flow paths of the liquid flow in the separation module lead to shear stresses, which cause the particles at the branch to flow further preferably into the second discharge channel with the higher flow velocity.
• the first drain channel with the lower flow rate contains a reduced particle concentration.
• the smallest dimension of the drainage channels can be larger than the particle diameter.
• the flow channels of a separation module suitable for obtaining plasma from whole blood preferably have a smallest cross-sectional dimension of at least 5 ⁇ m and at most 150 ⁇ m, where
• Values of less than 100 ⁇ m, in particular less than 50 ⁇ m, are particularly preferred. In contrast to the previously known filtration processes, there is practically no risk of a filter medium becoming blocked. This advantage is further enhanced by the fact that All kinds of fibrous materials must be used, which pose additional risk of constipation.
• blood (or another dispersion) can be treated continuously over long periods of time.
• the separation module can therefore be used for the continuous extraction of (practically) particle-free filtrates or also for the continuous enrichment of particles from dispersions.
• Manufacturing is relatively simple and possible at low cost. Compared to previously known filtration processes, there is no need to manufacture and integrate a filter medium in the separation module. In comparison to the microfilter described in US Pat. No. 5,922,210, production is considerably easier because the flow channels integrated in the chip have comparatively large dimensions. Such channel structures can be mass-produced inexpensively.
• a method is particularly suitable in which a master is first produced by photolithography. A form can be obtained from this master, which in turn is used to manufacture product chips by pressing or injection molding (example: production of CDs). Smaller quantities can be produced by laser ablation. It is advantageous for the production that the invention does not require structures of different depths. At least both drainage channels, particularly preferably all flow channels, are preferably of the same depth. They can be easily manufactured in a single operation.
• the dead volume in the flow channels of the separation module is very low.
• the invention therefore makes it possible to obtain a sufficiently large volume of plasma from a very small sample volume.
• the separation module according to the invention can be further miniaturized as a system that contains a filter medium and drainage channels without reducing the efficiency of the separation or the throughput. This also reduces costs.
• the separation module can easily be integrated into a system, in particular an analysis system.
• analytical microsystems there is, for example, the possibility of "planar integration", in which the reagents and liquid treatment elements required for the analysis are integrated in the same chip in which the flow channels of the separation module are located.
• plane integration in which the reagents and liquid treatment elements required for the analysis are integrated in the same chip in which the flow channels of the separation module are located.
• conventional coupling to an analysis system via hose lines with a small dead volume is also possible.
• the "plasma skimming effect”, the "network vehicle” effect “and the” pathway effect are discussed as physical principles that determine the phase separation in capillary blood vessels.
• One of these effects namely the network Fahraeus effect, describes the tendency of red blood cells, at a branching, preferably the flow path with the higher flow rate (and related to the higher flow velocity).
• the depth of at least the inflow channel preferably also the first outflow channel and particularly preferably all flow channels, is greater than the channel width at least on the channel section immediately adjacent to the branching.
• This preferred embodiment is related to the fact that the function with regard to the separation of the particles is essentially determined by the width of the channels in the immediate vicinity of the branch. Due to a large depth in relation to the width, the separation performance (liquid volume separated per time unit) can be increased without impairing the function.
• FIG. 1 shows a schematic perspective illustration of a first embodiment of a separation module according to the invention
• FIG. 5 is a diagrammatic representation of the separation effect that can be visually observed at a branch by means of video display
• Fig. 6 is a graphical representation of the dependence of the separation effect on the relation of the local flow velocity in the drainage channels
• Fig. 7 is a schematic perspective view of a second embodiment of a separation module according to the invention.
• FIG. 8 and 9 cross-sectional representations, not to scale, along the section lines A and B of FIG. 7;
• FIG. 10 a perspective representation, not to scale, of a third embodiment of a separation module according to the invention.
• FIG. 11 shows a schematic plan view of an analysis element with a planar integration of a separation module according to the invention.
• the separating module 1 shown in FIGS. 1 to 4 essentially consists of a channel part 2 with flow channels 3 and a cover part 4. In the manufacture of the channel part 2, a disc-shaped part is produced
• Substrate 5 for example by means of one of the above-mentioned methods, which creates flow channels 3 in the form of microscopic groove-shaped depressions in a surface 6 of substrate 5.
• the channels are shown in the figures, especially in Figures 2 and 4 in a greatly exaggerated size.
• their width b is less than 150 ⁇ m, with channel widths of less than 100 ⁇ m, preferably less than 50 ⁇ m, having proven particularly useful for plasma extraction.
• the preferred dimensions are so far above the wavelength range of visible light that the required structures in the surface 6 of the substrate 5 can be produced without problems by means of photolithographic processes, as described by the manufacture of electronic chips are known.
• the width b of the channels is preferably at least about 5 ⁇ m.
• Whole blood (or another dispersion from which particles are to be separated) is fed into the separation module 1 via an inlet 8 and fed via a feed channel 9 to a branch 10, at which the liquid flow flows into a first drain channel 11 and a second drain channel 12 branched.
• the liquid flowing in the drainage channels 11 and 12 is removed from the separation module 1 via outlets 14 and 15, respectively.
• the inlets and outlets are formed by drill holes 16 present in the cover part 4, to which suitable lines, such as plastic hoses, can be connected.
• the liquid in the second discharge channel 12 flows so much faster than in the first discharge channel 11 that the dispersed particles preferably continue to flow in the second discharge channel at the branch 10 due to the different flow velocity.
• the first outflow channel 11 contains plasma with a (depending on the process conditions) more or less low concentration of blood cells. It is therefore referred to below as the plasma channel.
• the second channel 12 (with the higher flow rate) contains an im
• the "plasma channel” does not have to contain pure plasma.
• a single branch can be sufficient to obtain an “analytical plasma” which is sufficiently pure for analytical purposes.
• the liquid flowing in the first outflow channel usually contains a low residual concentration of blood cells.
• the purpose of separating the particles is not (as in the case of plasma extraction) to clean the carrier liquid of the dispersion, but the aim is to concentrate the dispersed particles.
• the first discharge channel with the higher flow rate (which forms the waste channel in the case of plasma extraction) does not contain waste, but the desired product.
• the pressure at the inlet 8 influences the flow rate in the drainage channels 11, 12 (with the same pressure conditions at the outlets 14, 15) essentially in a proportional manner without changing their relationship to one another.
• different pressure conditions at the outlets can have a major influence on the relation of the flow velocities.
• the flow rate in the drainage channels 11, 12 can be adjusted via this pumping rate.
• the connection of a pump is generally not possible or at least too complex.
• the pressure conditions at the outlets 14, 15 can be influenced by the fact that there are materials which absorb the liquid by capillary forces and thereby accelerate the flow in the preceding discharge channel or form an additional flow resistance and thereby reduce the flow speed ,
• the flow rate is affected.
• the viscosity of the liquid in the plasma channel 11 is lower than in the waste channel 12. Under otherwise identical conditions, this leads to a relative increase in the flow velocity in the plasma channel 11.
• the average flow velocity of the liquid in the flow channels (volume flow per cross-sectional area and per unit of time) is not decisive for the separation effect, but the local velocity profile in the area of the branching. It depends in a complicated way on various influencing factors, including the exact channel geometry, the material of the channel walls and the viscosity of the liquid.
• the depths t of the channels 9, 11, 12 are greater than the width b, at least in the channel sections immediately adjacent to the branch 10.
• An embodiment is particularly preferred in which the Depths of at least the inflow channel 9 and the plasma channel 11 in the channel section immediately adjacent to the branch 10 are the same. This is particularly preferred for all channels 9, 11, 12 connected to the branch.
• the smallest cross-sectional dimension of the plasma channel is at least 5 ⁇ m and at most 150 ⁇ m, values less than 100 ⁇ m, in particular less than 50 ⁇ m, being particularly preferred.
• the flow resistance of the plasma channel 11 should generally be higher than the flow resistance of the waste channel 12. This is preferably achieved at least in part by the fact that the plasma channel is longer than the waste channel. This is advantageous because the flow resistance of the drainage channels 11, 12 can be adjusted more easily and precisely by an appropriate adjustment of their length than by appropriate dimensioning of the cross section.
• the depth t of the drainage channels 11, 12 is the same over at least part of their length, preferably over their entire length.
• the depth of the inflow channel 9 preferably also corresponds to the (same) depth of the outflow channels 11, 12.
• the flow channels 3 are preferably of equal width over almost their entire length, but it has proven to be advantageous if at least the inflow channel 9 and the waste channel 12 in the region of the inlet 8 or the outlet 15 are designed such that sharp ones Avoid corners that could damage erythrocytes.
• Fig. 1 an oblique course of the walls of said channels 9 and 12 is indicated in this area.
• at least the two outflow channels 11, 12, preferably also the inflow channel are of the same width.
• FIG. 5 A schematic drawing of a typical image is shown in FIG. 5. Deviating from the separation module according to FIGS. 1 to 4, an arrangement was chosen in which the plasma channel 11 extends in a straight line from the inflow channel 9, while the waste channel 12 is at right angles to the latter Branches off. The illustration shows that the effect on which the invention is based is essentially independent of the direction in which the outflow channels 11, 12 branch off from the inflow channel 9. Most of the erythrocytes 18 follow the current path with the higher flow velocity, although they have to change their direction of flow in the process.
• Fig. 6 shows a graphical representation of experimental data, which illustrates the dependence of the separation effect on the relation of the flow velocity in the drainage channels. They were obtained with a separation module according to FIG. 1, the inflow channel 9 and the waste channel 12 each being 32 ⁇ m wide and 32 ⁇ m deep. The plasma channel 11 was 16 ⁇ m wide and 32 ⁇ m deep. The flow per unit time in the inflow channel 9 was in the range between 0.01 and 0.5 ⁇ l / min. It is on the abscissa
• FIGS. 7 to 9 show an embodiment of a separation module in which two branches 10 and 20 are arranged one behind the other in the flow channels leading from the inlet 8 to the plasma outlet 14 in such a way that the overall separation effect is improved by a two-stage separation process ,
• This can be achieved in that - as shown - the plasma channel starting from the first branch 10 leads to a further branch 20, so that it forms an inflow channel for the further branch 20 and from the further branch 20 a further plasma channel 21 and another Branch the waste channel 22, the plasma channel 21 leading to the plasma outlet 14 and the waste channel 22 to a second waste outlet 23.
• the dimensions of the drainage channels and the operating condition are selected such that the liquid flows in the further waste channel 22 so much faster than in the further plasma channel 21 that a separation in a liquid flow with a higher level occurs at the second branch 20 Particle concentration (waste channel 22) and in a liquid flow lower particle concentration (plasma channel 21) takes place.
• a separation module (not shown) suitable for this has a sequence of branches, the respective inflow channel of which is formed by the plasma channel of the previous branch, the flow rate relationships explained being maintained at each of these branches.
• FIG. 10 shows an embodiment of a separation module 1, in which an increased separation performance is achieved in that a sequence of branches 25 is arranged one behind the other in such a way that the waste channel of the preceding branch forms the inflow channel of the subsequent branch.
• the plasma channels 27 branching off from the branches 25 lead into a common manifold 28 and from there to the plasma outlet 14.
• such an arrangement is symmetrically present twice, the blood being fed through inlets 8a and 8b into the first inflow channels 9a and 9b becomes. From there it flows along a channel 26a or 26b, the sections of which lie between the branches 25 each form the waste channel of the preceding branch and the inflow channel of the subsequent branch.
• the separation effect according to the invention means that the concentration of the erythrocytes in these channels 26a and 26b increases continuously.
• the plasma channels in the case shown in terms of their length) are dimensioned so that the flow velocity of the trans- ported fluid decreases in the direction in which the erythrocyte concentration supplied at the respective branch increases.
• FIG. 11 shows a possible conception according to which a separation module 1 is integrated in a planar manner in an analysis chip 31 together with other modular elements required for an analysis.
• the inlet of the separation module 1 is connected to a blood reservoir 32.
• Test modules 33 to 38 are connected to a plurality of outlets of the separation module 1 and can be used for determining different analytes or, for example, for more precisely analyzing different concentration ranges of the same analyte.
• a waste container 40 is integrated into the analysis chip 31, into which the liquid is passed from one or more waste outlets of the separation module 1.

Landscapes

• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Hematology (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Biomedical Technology (AREA)
• General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
• Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
• Vascular Medicine (AREA)
• Molecular Biology (AREA)
• Biochemistry (AREA)
• Pathology (AREA)
• Immunology (AREA)
• General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Clinical Laboratory Science (AREA)
• Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
• Food Science & Technology (AREA)
• Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
• Biophysics (AREA)
• Cardiology (AREA)
• Ecology (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Anesthesiology (AREA)
• Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
• Public Health (AREA)
• Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
• Investigating Or Analysing Biological Materials (AREA)
• Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
• Medicines Containing Material From Animals Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
• Separation Of Solids By Using Liquids Or Pneumatic Power (AREA)
• Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
• Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)

Priority Applications (6)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (2)

Family

ID=7702370

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (9)

Families Citing this family (12)

Family Cites Families (24)

• 2001
  • 2001-10-12 DE DE10150549A patent/DE10150549A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 2002
  • 2002-09-14 EP EP02774618A patent/EP1434637B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2002-09-14 AU AU2002340906A patent/AU2002340906A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2002-09-14 ES ES02774618T patent/ES2257574T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2002-09-14 DE DE50205804T patent/DE50205804D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2002-09-14 WO PCT/EP2002/010336 patent/WO2003033096A2/de not_active Ceased
  • 2002-09-14 AT AT02774618T patent/ATE317281T1/de active
  • 2002-09-14 JP JP2003535890A patent/JP4005022B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2002-09-14 CA CA002463223A patent/CA2463223C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2002-09-14 US US10/492,256 patent/US7527740B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related

Also Published As

Similar Documents

Legal Events