Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
  • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
  • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
  • C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
  • B28C—PREPARING CLAY; PRODUCING MIXTURES CONTAINING CLAY OR CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
  • B28C7/00—Controlling the operation of apparatus for producing mixtures of clay or cement with other substances; Supplying or proportioning the ingredients for mixing clay or cement with other substances; Discharging the mixture
  • B28C7/0007—Pretreatment of the ingredients, e.g. by heating, sorting, grading, drying, disintegrating; Preventing generation of dust
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
  • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
  • C04B40/00—Processes, in general, for influencing or modifying the properties of mortars, concrete or artificial stone compositions, e.g. their setting or hardening ability
  • C04B40/06—Inhibiting the setting, e.g. mortars of the deferred action type containing water in breakable containers ; Inhibiting the action of active ingredients
  • C04B40/0608—Dry ready-made mixtures, e.g. mortars at which only water or a water solution has to be added before use
  • C04B40/0616—Dry ready-made mixtures, e.g. mortars at which only water or a water solution has to be added before use preformed, e.g. bandages
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
  • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
  • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
  • C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
  • C04B2111/00663—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 as filling material for cavities or the like
  • C04B2111/00672—Pointing or jointing materials
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
  • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
  • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
  • Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete

Definitions

• the invention relates to mortar, its production and its use.
• Factory mortars are generally understood to mean compositions of binders, additives and additives which are premixed in a precisely metered manner in a factory.
• Both mineral materials such as lime, cement, gypsum, anhydrite and others, as well as non-mineral materials, such as epoxy resin, dispersible polymer powder, methyl cellulose and others come as binders. or combinations of mineral and non-mineral binders.
• Aggregates are understood to be mineral and / or organic aggregates, for example natural sands (pit sands), sands produced by crushing (crushing sands) or light aggregates such as pumice, polystyrene, expanded glass, perlite and others. or mixtures of these additives.
• Inorganic and / or organic additives serve to regulate the product properties.
• Additives are, for example, agents for regulating water retention, setting accelerators and retarders, wetting agents or hydrophobizing agents for reducing water absorption.
• Factory mortars are supplied as: a) Factory dry mortar, which is dry premixed and packed in bags, for larger construction projects also in a silo, to the construction site. Only water is added at the construction site; b) Factory pre-mortar, which comes to the construction site as air lime or water lime mortar, where it contains water and possibly additional binders - e.g. B. cement to obtain lime cement mortar - are added.
• DIN 18557 applies to factory mortars.
• the Working with factory mortars a not inconsiderable development of dust and dirt occurs.
• the working mortar is mixed with water and possibly other binders. Since the ratio of water to solids must be strictly adhered to when mixing, suitable measuring or weighing devices are required to process partial quantities.
• do-it-yourselfers in particular often do not have the right equipment.
• Another disadvantage of the powdered form of supply is that loose powder piles always contain a considerable volume of air, which represents an uneconomical dead volume in the packaging, transport and storage of mortar.
• the present invention was therefore based on the object of providing working mortar in a non-dusting form.
• the positive properties in particular that the working mortar can be mixed at any time with water and the usual auxiliaries to make ready-to-use mortar, should be retained.
• Usual aids are understood to be the tools that are usually used in construction engineering for mixing mortars, for example tubs, buckets, trowels, drills with a whisk, and the like.
• Another object of the invention was to provide mortar which improves the economy of storage and transportation.
• Another object of the invention was to provide working mortar which can be processed in partial quantities without weighing or measuring effort for the user.
• the working mortar is in the form of a molded body.
• the factory mortar is selected in particular from the group of factory dry mortar and factory pre-mortar.
• the working mortar according to the invention contains 10-80% by weight, preferably 15-70% by weight and particularly preferably 25-60% by weight of one or more inorganic mineral binders.
• the inorganic mineral binders are preferably standardized cement (for example Portland cement), non-standardized cement (for example alumina cement), special cement, latent hydraulic or pozzolanic substances, lime, gypsum and other hydraulically setting substances.
• the working mortar according to the invention contains 15-90% by weight, preferably 25-80% by weight and particularly preferably 30-60% by weight of inorganic additives.
• inorganic additives silicate or carbonate sands and flours, natural or artificial rock flours, natural or artificial layered minerals, mineral residual and recycling materials, such as glass balls or fly ash, are used as inorganic additives.
• the working mortar according to the invention contains 0.1-20% by weight, preferably 0.5-15% by weight and particularly preferably 0.8-10% by weight of one or more inorganic or organic additives for regulating the setting behavior and / or the processing properties of the mixed mortar.
• additives are, for example, redispersion powders, natural or synthetic cellulose derivatives, organic acids or salts of organic acids, starch ethers, swellable minerals, organic or mineral fibers.
• the working mortar according to the invention contains at least one pressing aid as component (D).
• pressing aids are understood to mean substances which facilitate the sliding of the grains of the powder aggregate with one another, reduce the friction between molds and powder and / or increase the stability of the molding.
• Press aids are, for example, organic additives, mineral or organic fibers of natural or synthetic origin or residual and recycling materials.
• the proportion of the pressing aid is between 0.001 and 10% by weight, preferably between 0.005 and 5% by weight and particularly preferably between 0.01 and 2% by weight, based on the total mass of the mortar.
• the water content in the pressing aid should be less than 5% by weight, preferably less than 1% by weight and particularly preferably less than 0.5% by weight.
• Paper flour is preferably used as component (D). Paper flour is understood to mean processed fibers from waste paper recycling.
• the fiber length is between 0.1 and 5 mm, preferably between 0.15 and 3 mm and particularly preferably between 0.2 and 2 mm.
• the working mortar according to the invention contains at least one disintegrant as component (E).
• the proportion of disintegrant in the mortar composition according to the invention is 0.001-10% by weight, preferably 0.005-5% by weight and particularly preferably 0.01-2% by weight.
• Disintegrants are understood to mean disintegration aids which are incorporated into, in particular, highly compressed moldings, facilitate the disintegration of these moldings or shorten the disintegration times as disintegration accelerators.
• disintegration aids which are incorporated into, in particular, highly compressed moldings, facilitate the disintegration of these moldings or shorten the disintegration times as disintegration accelerators.
• Under Zeelflebeschleur ⁇ igern ⁇ kann Tr ⁇ rnäß ⁇ Rörnp (97 ° wflage, volume 6, page 4440) and Voigt "Textbook of pharmaceutical technology” (6th edition, 1987, pages 182-184) are understood as auxiliary substances which are necessary for the rapid disintegration of tablets in water or gastric juice and ensure the release of the pharmaceuticals in an absorbable form.
• disintegrants due to their action, increase their volume when water enters, whereby on the one hand the intrinsic volume increases (swelling) and on the other hand a pressure can be generated via the release of gases, which causes the molded body to disintegrate into smaller particles.
• disintegration aids are, for example, carbonate / citric acid systems, although other organic acids can also be used.
• Other gas generators are metal powder or alkaline earth metal carbides.
• Swelling disintegration aids are, for example, synthetic polymers such as polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) or natural polymers or modified natural products such as cellulose and starch and their derivatives, alginates or casein derivatives.
• a fibrous inner and / or outer structure of the disintegrant is advantageous for a rapid action.
• “fibrous” should be a shape can be understood in which one dimension is at least twice as large as the two other dimensions of approximately the same size.
• These disintegrants with fibrous inner and / or outer structures are characterized by a high capillary action and good water absorption capacity and bring about the rapid transport of water into the interior of the shaped body.
• a particularly preferred disintegrant is paper flour.
• the fiber length is between 0.1 and 5 mm, preferably between 0.15 and 3 mm and particularly preferably between 0.2 and 2 mm.
• the mixture of components (A) to (C), optionally with the addition of components (D) and / or (E), is a so-called powder pile, which is pressed into a stable molded body.
• a stable molded body is understood to mean regularly or irregularly shaped molded bodies which retain their original shape under the usual loads during the packaging, palletizing and transport of building materials and, if need be, have an insignificant abrasion.
• the working mortar contains a sieve line of at least two grain size classes tailored to the task.
• the grain size classes are such that the average grain size of the larger grain size class is 1, 5 - 50 times, preferably 1, 7 - 40 times and particularly preferably 2 - 30 times the average grain size of the smaller grain size class.
• a large number of pressing aids cannot be used for the production of moldings from factory mortars, since the pressing aids either themselves react with the inorganic binders or significantly influence the setting.
• a molding made of mortar must be able to be disintegrated at any time without difficulty.
• EP 0 522 766 discloses a tablet made of a compressed particulate detergent composition, the tablet or a separate region thereof consisting essentially of a matrix of particles, no more than 5% by weight of which are less than 200 micrometers are.
• the particles of the detergent-active compound and the detergent builder and optionally the particles of the constituents of the detergent base powder are individually coated with a binding material which, when the tablet is immersed in water, causes the structure of the tablet to split.
• DE 40 10 533 describes a process for the production of detergents and / or cleaning agents in the form of portioned compacts, granules being produced in a first stage by extrusion and division of the extruded strands and these being added after the addition of water-soluble, water-emulsifiable and / or water-dispersible plasticizers and / or lubricants are subsequently pressed into portioned pressings.
• EP 0 711 828 describes a process for the production of tablets, the compression of the tablet composition containing a binder with a melting temperature of 35 ° C. to 90 ° C. taking place at temperatures below the melting point of the composition. All of the documents cited refer to the relatively slow disintegration times of the shaped bodies on contact with water.
• DE 199 08 025 discloses a process for the production of rapidly disintegrating detergent tablets.
• the production according to the invention is essentially carried out by pressing at temperatures below 20 ° C.
• WO 99/03945 discloses agglomerates and a method for producing these agglomerates, the agglomerates being composed of substances for producing aqueous binder systems, in particular of pastes for wall coverings.
• the agglomerates are dissolved with the aid of hydrophilic, water-insoluble disintegrants which generate a swelling pressure.
• the amount of these disintegrants added is particularly preferably 5-15% by weight.
• the working mortar according to the invention is first produced by dry mixing the components and then bringing them to the shaped body according to the invention, in particular pressing, using conventional methods with continuously working or discontinuously working compression devices for non-plastic masses is used.
• Continuous compression can take place, for example, by means of extrusion presses, and discontinuous, for example, by means of stamping presses.
• roller presses and hydraulic ram presses are preferred.
• the shaped articles have a high specific surface area in order to enrich and accelerate the wetting of the shaped article with water and the penetration of water into the shaped article when mixed with water.
• the shaped body according to the invention has the shape of smooth or structured flat
• Fig. 1a shows schematically a smooth Schülpe
• Fig. 2a a structured Schülpe is shown, which is separated into egg briquette-like granules (Fig. 2b).
• the shaped body has a regular geometric shape.
• the regular geometric shape is preferably a conical or pyramid cut, particularly preferably a cylinder or a cuboid.
• 3a shows schematically a cylindrical shaped body
• the shaped body contains depressions, elevations or perforations to increase the specific surface.
• FIGS. 3b) and 4b) possible depressions and elevations are shown for better illustration, in FIGS. 3c), d) and 4c), d) possible perforations.
• These structures are expediently pressed directly into the shape.
• the depressions also have the function of a dividing groove: they enable the unit of quantity of the molded body (based on weight or area coverage) to be subdivided in a defined form (based on the principle of a chocolate bar).
• the elevations do not protrude from the overall limitation of the molded body in order not to endanger the stability.
• depressions are expediently designed such that they point in the pressing direction and their dimension is at least 1/3, preferably at least half the dimension of the shaped body in the pressing direction.
• Perforations are designed so that the stability of the molded body is not endangered and a sufficiently high degree of compaction is maintained.
• the volume proportion of the depressions, elevations and perforations is essential.
• the volume fraction is understood to mean the volume of the depressions, elevations and perforations divided by the total volume of the shaped body.
• the volume fraction of the depressions, elevations and perforations is preferably between 1 to 50% by volume, preferably between 5 and 40% by volume and particularly preferably between 10 and 30% by volume.
• the specific pressing force is between 50 and 130 kN / cm, preferably between 70 and 120 kN / cm.
• Specific pressing force is understood to mean the pressing force divided by the roller working width.
• the required pressure is between 30 and 200 N / mm 2 and preferably between 50 and 150 N / mm 2 .
• a stamp press with the following properties is preferably used:
• Mold filling system with vibrating and / or vibrating device for uniform filling of the poorly pourable material into the mold
• the molded mortar body according to the invention is produced without the components (D) and (E), higher pressures are used for the compaction.
• the pressing process is preferably interrupted several times to vent the powder pile to be compressed.
• 2 to 20 ventilation strokes are used during pressing, preferably 3 to 15 ventilation strokes and particularly preferably 4 to 10 ventilation strokes.
• the production of the mortar molded body according to the invention is carried out under previously generated negative pressure.
• the remaining air pressure or atomic vacuum in the press chamber before the compression process begins is less than 0.5 bar, preferably less than 0.3 bar and particularly preferably less than 0.1 bar.
• the compaction of the mortar is carried out in such a way that the stable molded body after compaction has a bulk density of at least 1.2 times, preferably at least 1.5 times and particularly preferably at least 1.7 times the bulk density of the powder aggregate.
• the molded body has a pore volume of at least 5% by volume, preferably at least 20% by volume.
• the pore volume is more than 25% with a density of the compact of almost 2.0 g / cm 3
• the mortar according to the invention has compared to commercially available
• Mortar has the advantage that it can be used dust-free. Storage and transport of the working mortar according to the invention are more efficient and less expensive, since the otherwise usual dead volume is not available.
• shaped bodies are therefore dimensioned such that their mass is an integral multiple or an integral number
• Embodiments are shaped bodies of 2 kg, 1 kg, 500 g, 250 g, 200 g, 100 g,
• the area coverage of the mortar mixed from the molding is an integral multiple or an integral divisor of one
• Particularly preferred embodiments are moldings for an area coverage of 2 m 2 , 1 m 2 , 0.5 m 2 , 0.25 m 2 and 0.1 m 2 .
• the working mortar according to the invention results in ready-to-use mortar by mixing with water and possibly additional binders.
• Water to mortar is 0.1 to 0.5, preferably 0.2 to 0.4.
• the molded body produced from the working mortar according to the invention has a high specific surface area and an excellent capillary
• the working mortar according to the invention is suitable for the production of tile adhesive, jointing mortar, filler, leveling compound, flowing filler, repair mortar, screed and floor mortar, mineral plaster, sealing compound, slurry mortar, masonry mortar or planar mortar.
• the invention will now be illustrated using a few examples.
• a factory dry mortar consisting of
• Example 1 0.5% by weight of paper flour, based on the total weight of factory dry mortar and paper flour, is added to a factory dry mortar as in Example 1. The mass is mixed thoroughly and then pressed on a stamp press at a pressure of 70 N / mm 2 with 5 venting strokes to form cuboid shaped bodies.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
• Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
• Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
• Press-Shaping Or Shaping Using Conveyers (AREA)
• Devices For Post-Treatments, Processing, Supply, Discharge, And Other Processes (AREA)

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Citations (5)

• 2002
  • 2002-07-24 CN CNA028169298A patent/CN1549799A/zh active Pending
  • 2002-07-24 KR KR10-2004-7001567A patent/KR20040043174A/ko not_active Ceased
  • 2002-07-24 JP JP2003516985A patent/JP2004536016A/ja active Pending
  • 2002-07-24 WO PCT/EP2002/008230 patent/WO2003011789A1/de active Application Filing
  • 2002-07-24 EP EP02764770A patent/EP1412303A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2002-07-25 DE DE2002133833 patent/DE10233833A1/de not_active Withdrawn

Patent Citations (5)

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