WO2003002694A1 - Carburant liquide de synthese peu polluant pour moteur a combustion interne - Google Patents

Carburant liquide de synthese peu polluant pour moteur a combustion interne Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2003002694A1
WO2003002694A1 PCT/JP2001/005730 JP0105730W WO03002694A1 WO 2003002694 A1 WO2003002694 A1 WO 2003002694A1 JP 0105730 W JP0105730 W JP 0105730W WO 03002694 A1 WO03002694 A1 WO 03002694A1
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Prior art keywords
ether
weight
alcohol
internal combustion
low
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Application number
PCT/JP2001/005730
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Akihiro Azuma
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Akihiro Azuma
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Application filed by Akihiro Azuma filed Critical Akihiro Azuma
Priority to JP2003509057A priority Critical patent/JPWO2003002694A1/ja
Publication of WO2003002694A1 publication Critical patent/WO2003002694A1/fr

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/02—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only

Definitions

  • the present invention provides the same or higher efficiency and output as conventional gasoline without changing the structure or material of the existing gasoline internal combustion engine, and provides carbon monoxide (CO) in exhaust gas. And low-pollution synthetic liquid fuels for internal combustion engines whose hydrocarbon (HC) concentration is significantly reduced compared to conventional gasoline.
  • the synthetic liquid fuel obtained by mixing alcohol and ether with these light naphthas, together with carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbons (HC), has a higher sulfur content in alcohols than in light naphthas.
  • CO carbon monoxide
  • HC hydrocarbons
  • the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and a low-pollution synthetic liquid fuel for an internal combustion engine which does not cause separation of light naphtha and alcohol even when relatively long-chain ether is used. It is intended to provide. Disclosure of the invention
  • a low-pollution synthetic liquid fuel for an internal combustion engine includes a low-pollution synthetic liquid for an internal combustion engine, which contains at least a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon having 12 or less carbon atoms, an alcohol and an ether.
  • the alkyl group in the ether molecule has a relatively long chain by containing an ether having at least two ether bonds in the ether molecule in the ether component, the polarity of the ether is high. Since the decrease in water content is alleviated and the affinity with alcohol is not impaired, light naphtha and alcohol do not separate even if some water flows into the fuel.
  • the number of carbon atoms in the ether molecule having at least two ether bonds is preferably 4 or more.
  • the ether having at least two ether bonds is ethylene glycol dimethyl ether.
  • ethylene glycol dimethyl ether is suitable for use as an ether having at least two ether bonds because it is industrially manufactured in large quantities and can be obtained at low cost.
  • the low-pollution synthetic liquid fuel for an internal combustion engine of the present invention comprises methyl ether as the ether. It is preferably free of butyl ether (M.T.B.E.).
  • methyl butyl butyl ether (M.T.B.E.) has been used as an additive to gasoline fuel, but has recently caused environmental problems due to groundwater pollution and the like. Therefore, by not using these methyl tertiary butyl ethers (MTBE), it is possible to avoid environmental pollution due to the residual methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE).
  • the low-pollution synthetic liquid fuel for an internal combustion engine comprises: 15 to 75% by weight of aliphatic monohydric alcohol as the alcohol; and 20 to 8 of saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon having 9 or less carbon atoms. 0% by weight, and preferably contains 5 to 20% by weight of an ether containing an ether having at least two ether bonds in the molecule.
  • FIG. 1 is a flowchart showing a method for producing a low-pollution liquid fuel for an internal combustion engine in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a graph showing the relationship between the ratio of alcohol and hydrocarbon components in liquid fuel and the concentration of pollutant gas in exhaust gas.
  • FIG. 3 is a graph showing the relationship between the specific gravity of the obtained fuel and the fuel efficiency.
  • Fig. 4 is a graph showing the number of carbon atoms in the ether molecules used and the change in NOx in the exhaust gas.
  • a linear or non-linear alcohol having 2 to 9 carbon atoms in the alcohol molecule can be suitably used as the alcohol. These alcohols have more carbon atoms than ethyl alcohol, which has 2 carbon atoms in the molecule.
  • Examples of these alcohols include glycols having a plurality of hydroxyl groups in the molecule, but these secondary and tertiary polyhydric alcohols are expensive and difficult to obtain. Therefore, it is preferable to use first-class alcohol.
  • the carbon number is preferably 9 or less.
  • an appropriate alcohol is selected in a range of 2 to 5 types depending on the price, availability, brand ability and the like, and the plurality of alcohols can be mixed and used.
  • the specific gravity of the synthetic fuel varies due to variations in the composition of the light naphtha and recycled hydrocarbons used, and the ratio of these alcohols can be adjusted appropriately.
  • the burning rate can be adjusted to gasoline, and From the viewpoint of work when using facilities for soline, it is preferable from the viewpoint of work.
  • combinations of these alcohols include ethanol, isopropyl alcohol (IPA), isobutyl alcohol (IBA), and butyl alcohol. , Pen, octanol, etc. It is preferable to use a non-linear aliphatic monohydric alcohol in particular, since the octane value of the obtained fuel can be improved, but the present invention is not limited to this.
  • the ratio of these alcohols in the synthetic fuel is lower than 15% by weight, the concentration of CO and HC in the exhaust gas increases as shown in FIG.
  • the gasoline engine has a large change in acceleration (acceleration / deceleration), and the amount of fuel supplied is large.
  • the engine cannot keep up with the increase in engine speed, and the resulting combustion speed of the fuel tends to be in a rotation range that is not synchronized between hydrocarbons and alcohol, so that unburned fuel and burning fuel are discharged into the exhaust system.
  • the ratio exceeds 75% by weight, the asynchronous phenomenon of combustion may become more intense and hinder the driving.
  • the range may be from 15 to 75% by weight, more preferably from 25 to 55% by weight.
  • these light naphthas have significantly different intrinsic sulfur concentrations depending on the crude oil producing regions.However, when these sulfur concentrations are high, SOx in the exhaust gas increases, so that it is less than 0.01%. It is preferable to desulfurize so that
  • waste plastics which are currently in large quantities, are being recycled in the form of oil, which is an integral part of the recycling process, with an initial boiling point of 38 to 60 ° C and an end point of 180 to 2 Regenerated oil fractionated to 20 ° C can also be used. Since these re-refined oils are desulfurized at the stage of naphtha, which is the raw material for plastics, SO x in the gas can be further reduced.
  • the ratio of these hydrocarbon components in the synthetic fuel when the hydrocarbon ratio is 20% by weight or less, the alcohol component and the ether component are increased, and the combustion speed is lower than that of the conventional gasoline, as in the case where the alcohol amount is large. As a result, the combustion speed becomes far apart from that of the internal combustion engine, and the speed of the internal combustion engine, such as a car, whose rotation speed changes frequently, is poor in following the acceleration. On the other hand, if the hydrocarbon ratio exceeds 80% by weight, the effect of reducing CO, HC and NOx in the exhaust gas is reduced.
  • the ether component at least one kind of ether having 12 or less carbon atoms in the molecule and having at least one ether bond in the molecule can be used.
  • the ratio of these ether components in the synthetic fuel if the ether ratio is 5% by weight or less, the hydrocarbon component and the alcohol component become associated with the elapse of storage time and the absorption of moisture in the air. If the ether ratio is more than 20% by weight, ether odor will be generated as fuel, and volatility will be improved, the amount of evaporation will increase, and the loss in stockpiling as fuel will increase.
  • the content may be 5 to 20% by weight.
  • any ether having at least an ether bond in the molecule can be used, and the number of carbon atoms in the ether molecule used (the number of hydrogen atoms bonded to the carbon) Changes the amount of NO x in the exhaust gas.
  • Figure 4 shows the number of carbon atoms in the ether molecule and the change in NOx in the exhaust gas.
  • acetyl ether was used as the ether having 4 carbon atoms as the ether of Formulation Example 7 described later, and methyl tertiary butyl ether (M. T. B. E) is converted to an ether having 6 carbon atoms.
  • the NOx amount decreases as the number of carbon atoms in the ether increases, and it can be said that the use of an ether having a relatively large number of carbon atoms is effective in reducing the amount of NOx.
  • the number of carbon atoms is larger than 12 of the ethylene glycol dibutyl ether, not only the volatility of the ether is reduced, but also the price is high, and it is difficult to obtain a quantity as a fuel. It should be less than 1 2.
  • these ethers having a relatively large number of carbon atoms have a smaller polarity than ethers having a relatively small number of carbon atoms, and their ability to prevent the separation of a hydrocarbon from alcohol, which is originally intended for adding the ether, is reduced.
  • the separation of hydrocarbons and alcohols tends to occur easily due to the absorption of water during long-term storage and the like.
  • ether bonds in the molecule By using two or more ether bonds in the molecule or using a compound having a hydroxyl group (OH) in addition to the ether bond in the molecule, such as ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, It is preferable to avoid the separation of hydrocarbons and alcohols due to a decrease in polarity.
  • a compound having a plurality of ether bonds or a hydroxyl group (OH) in addition to these ether bonds in these molecules the conventional low-molecular-weight method can be used. It is possible to obtain a separation prevention effect equal to or higher than that of ether having carbon number.
  • ethers not only a single ether but also an ether having a high ability to prevent separation between a hydrocarbon and an alcohol and a low carbon number for the purpose of separating the hydrocarbon and the alcohol and reducing NOx,
  • the ether having a relatively large number of carbon atoms may be used as a mixture.
  • methyl butyl ether (M.T.B.E.) which has recently become a problem in the United States, etc., even if it is inexpensive, is used. It is preferable not to include these MTBEs in the fuel.
  • ethers besides the above-mentioned ethylene glycol dimethyl ether (molecular weight 90), diethylene glycol dimethyl ether (molecular weight 134), tertiary annealed methyl ether (TAME) and the like can also be suitably used. .
  • FIG. 1 is a flowchart showing a method for producing a liquid fuel for an internal combustion engine of the present embodiment.
  • the liquid fuel for an internal combustion engine of the present invention comprises at least two kinds of aliphatic primary alcohols, a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon having 9 or less carbon atoms, and a compound having 9 or less carbon atoms in the molecule. And a single component or a mixed ether containing an ether having at least two ether bonds, and each of these raw fuels is weighed to a predetermined weight percent, and has a relatively large weight ratio, First, ether having a polarity smaller than that of the aliphatic primary alcohol is added to and mixed with the lightest naphtha as the hydrocarbon having the smallest value.
  • the alcohol is gradually added in the order of small alcohol having a small number of carbon atoms, and then the alcohol having a small number of carbon atoms is added. Is preferred.
  • the specific gravity of the mixed liquid fuel is measured, and if the specific gravity is 0.735 or more and a predetermined specific gravity (in this embodiment, 0.755) or less, The alcohol is appropriately added to adjust the specific gravity so that the specific gravity becomes 0.755.
  • Figure 3 shows the relationship between the specific gravity of these fuels and fuel efficiency. From this result, when the specific gravity is less than 0.735, the fuel efficiency is significantly worse than the fuel efficiency of conventional gasoline (7.83 Km / liter), whereas it is 0.775 or more. As a result, the slope of the change curve of the fuel efficiency decreases, and it becomes almost similar to the fuel efficiency of the conventional gasoline.Therefore, by setting the specific gravity of these obtained fuels to 0.735 or more, It turns out that it is possible to obtain fuel efficiency that is almost equal to gasoline or more. As described above, it is preferable that raw fuels can be prevented from being separated by mixing those having similar polarities sequentially, and efficient mixing can be performed. However, the present invention is not limited to this. Further, in the above, the ether and the alcohol are sequentially charged and mixed into the low-polarity light-weight naphtha, but conversely, the ether and the light-weight naphtha may be sequentially charged into the high-polarity alcohol.
  • IBA isobutyl alcohol
  • IPA isopropyl alcohol
  • diethylene glycol dimethyl as the ether component 7% by weight of ether
  • straight-chain hydrocarbons such as light naphtha, gasoline, or oil-regenerated hydrocarbon oil of waste plastics.
  • n-butyl alcohol 25% by weight of n-butyl alcohol, 13% by weight of isopropyl alcohol (IPA), 10% by weight of ethanol, diethylene glycol as ether component Dimethyl ether is 7% by weight, and the linear hydrocarbon is 45% by weight of light naphtha, gasoline, or waste plastics.
  • IPA isopropyl alcohol
  • IPA isopropyl alcohol
  • n-propanol 25% by weight of n-propanol, 13% by weight of n-butanol, 10% by weight of ethanol, and 7% of diethylene glycol dimethyl ether as the ether component.
  • % By weight, as the straight-chain hydrocarbon Of 45% by weight of light naphtha, gasoline, or regenerated hydrocarbon oil from waste plastics.
  • aliphatic monohydric alcohols 25% by weight of n-butanol, 10% by weight of ethanol, and 13% by weight of another one are 2-ethyl-1-propanol.
  • Diethylene glycol dimethyl ether was 7% by weight as the tellurium component, and 45% by weight of any of light naphtha, gasoline, and regenerated hydrocarbon oil from waste plastic was used as the linear hydrocarbon.
  • aliphatic monohydric alcohols one is n-octal 25% by weight, ethanol is 10% by weight, the other is n-pentanol 13% by weight, and ethanol is an alcohol component.
  • Diethylene glycol dimethyl ether is 7% by weight, and the linear hydrocarbon is 45% by volume of any of light naphtha, gasoline, and regenerated hydrocarbon oil of waste plastic.
  • NBA normal alcohol
  • IPA isopropyl alcohol
  • ethanol ethanol
  • diethylene glycol dimethyl ether as an ether component as aliphatic monohydric alcohol % Of any of light naphtha, gasoline, and waste plastic oil reclaimed hydrocarbon oil as the linear hydrocarbon.
  • aliphatic monohydric alcohols one was 20% by weight of isobutyl alcohol (IBA), the other was 10% by weight of isopropyl alcohol (IPA), and 5% by weight of diethylene glycol dimethyl ether was used as an ether component.
  • IBA isobutyl alcohol
  • IPA isopropyl alcohol
  • diethylene glycol dimethyl ether was used as an ether component.
  • Either light naphtha, gasoline, or petroleum regenerated hydrocarbon oil from waste plastics is used as the chain hydrocarbon at 65% by weight.
  • IPA isopropyl alcohol
  • aliphatic monohydric alcohols one is 20% by weight of ethanol, the other is 10% by weight of isopropyl alcohol (IPA), 5% by weight of ethylene glycol dimethyl ether is an ether component, A hydrocarbon containing 65% by weight of light naphtha, gasoline, or regenerated hydrocarbon oil from waste plastics.
  • IPA isopropyl alcohol
  • n-propanol as one of the aliphatic monohydric alcohols
  • n-butanol as the other one
  • diethylene glycol dimethyl ether as an ether component
  • the linear hydrocarbon Either light naphtha, gasoline, or waste plastic oil reclaimed hydrocarbon oil is 65% by weight.
  • aliphatic monohydric alcohols one is 20% by weight of n-butanol, the other is 10% by weight of 2-ethyl-1-propanol, and 5% by weight of diethylene glycol dimethyl ether is an ether component.
  • aliphatic monohydric alcohols one is 20% by weight of n-octal, the other is 10% by weight of n-pentanol, 5% by weight of diethylene glycol dimethyl ether as an ether component, and the linear chain. Either light naphtha, gazolin, or oil-regenerated hydrocarbon oil from waste plastics is used as 65% by volume. Comparative Example 1>
  • methyl alcohol 43% by volume of methyl alcohol, 5% by volume of isopropyl alcohol (IPA) and 4% by volume of methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTB E) as ether component
  • IPA isopropyl alcohol
  • MTB E methyl tertiary butyl ether
  • the linear hydrocarbon Light naphtha gasoline is 48% by volume.
  • the present invention is not limited to these embodiments, and changes and additions without departing from the gist of the present invention, namely, It is optional to add other raw fuels and additives (including metals, etc.) as long as the characteristics of the fuel for an internal combustion engine of the invention do not significantly change. Needless to say, fuel for an internal combustion engine is also included in the present invention.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un carburant liquide de synthèse peu polluant pour moteurs à combustion interne, qui contient un ou plusieurs hydrocarbures saturés ou insaturés présentant jusqu'à 12 atomes de carbone; un ou plusieurs alcools; et un ou plusieurs éthers, dont un éther comportant au moins deux liaisons éther par molécule. Dans le carburant, l'ingrédient hydrocarbure est empêché de se séparer de l'ingrédient alcool, même lorsqu'un éther à chaîne relativement longue est employé.
PCT/JP2001/005730 2001-06-27 2001-07-02 Carburant liquide de synthese peu polluant pour moteur a combustion interne WO2003002694A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2003509057A JPWO2003002694A1 (ja) 2001-06-27 2001-07-02 内燃機関用低公害合成液体燃料

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JP2001-195582 2001-06-27
JP2001195582 2001-06-27

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2006022253A (ja) * 2004-07-09 2006-01-26 Juichi Ikeuchi 低公害燃料

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH0718271A (ja) * 1993-06-30 1995-01-20 Nippon Niyuukazai Kk 燃料改質剤
US5858030A (en) * 1997-09-23 1999-01-12 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Diesel fuel composition comprising dialkoxy alkanes for increased cetane number
JPH11209765A (ja) * 1998-01-26 1999-08-03 Yoshitake Nakada ガソリン用添加剤及びガソリン
JP2000026871A (ja) * 1998-07-09 2000-01-25 Yamaoka Masaru 低公害燃料組成物

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH0718271A (ja) * 1993-06-30 1995-01-20 Nippon Niyuukazai Kk 燃料改質剤
US5858030A (en) * 1997-09-23 1999-01-12 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Diesel fuel composition comprising dialkoxy alkanes for increased cetane number
JPH11209765A (ja) * 1998-01-26 1999-08-03 Yoshitake Nakada ガソリン用添加剤及びガソリン
JP2000026871A (ja) * 1998-07-09 2000-01-25 Yamaoka Masaru 低公害燃料組成物

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2006022253A (ja) * 2004-07-09 2006-01-26 Juichi Ikeuchi 低公害燃料

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