WO2002083821A1 - Combustible liquide peu polluant et son procede de production - Google Patents

Combustible liquide peu polluant et son procede de production Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2002083821A1
WO2002083821A1 PCT/CA2001/000529 CA0100529W WO02083821A1 WO 2002083821 A1 WO2002083821 A1 WO 2002083821A1 CA 0100529 W CA0100529 W CA 0100529W WO 02083821 A1 WO02083821 A1 WO 02083821A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
vol
liquid fuel
low pollution
pollution liquid
hydrocarbons
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CA2001/000529
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Akihiro Azuma
Original Assignee
Gold Chance Int'l. Limited
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Gold Chance Int'l. Limited filed Critical Gold Chance Int'l. Limited
Priority to PCT/CA2001/000529 priority Critical patent/WO2002083821A1/fr
Publication of WO2002083821A1 publication Critical patent/WO2002083821A1/fr

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/02—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only
    • C10L1/023—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only for spark ignition

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an improved low pollution liquid fuel capable of obtaining an efficiency and an output similar to or higher than those of conventional gasoline, without the need of changing the structure or the material of existing internal combustion gasoline engines, and remarkably reducing the concentrations of carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbons in exhaust gases as compared with those of conventional gasoline.
  • the invention also relates to a method of manufacturing the liquid fuel.
  • the prior art fuels which contain naphtha, mixed with methanol and other alcohol such as "GAIAX", have a sufficient effect for reducing the concentrations of carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbons in the exhaust gases from automobiles.
  • the fuels have a problem in that since they contain methanol having large polarity in the component thereof, when they are used for long periods of time, the fuel supply rubber hose for the engine can become swollen and fuel pressure can change accordingly, or the hose may fail due to the reduction of the strength thereof.
  • An object of the present invention which was made in view of the above problems, is to provide a low pollution liquid fuel, which avoids or reduces such problems and is therefore more useful.
  • a low pollution liquid fuel of the present invention includes 10 - 70 vol% of at least two kinds of aliphatic monohydric alcohols having two to eleven hydrocarbons, 30 - 70 vol% of at least one kind of saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbons, and 5 - 30 vol % of at least one kind of ethers having two chain hydrocarbon groups whose number of carbon atoms is six or less.
  • the volume percentage of the alcohols is one-half or more that of the saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbons.
  • At least one kind of the aliphatic monohydric alcohols is nonstraight-chain alcohol.
  • the nonstraight-chain alcohol is isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol or similar.
  • the low pollution liquid fuel having excellent characteristics can be obtained by the use of isopropyl alcohol or isobutyl alcohol, which is a nonstraight-chain alcohol having a relatively small number of carbon atoms.
  • the ethers are at least one kind of methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE), tertiary amyl methyl ether (TAME) and dibutyl ether or a similar component.
  • the octane value of the resulting fuel can be improved by a small blended amount, whereby the price of the fuel can be kept to a low level.
  • the saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbons are light duty naphtha or gasoline containing aromatic hydrocarbon components in the content of 2% or less.
  • a method of manufacturing a low pollution liquid fuel of the present invention includes the step of mixing 10 - 70 vol% of at least two kinds of aliphatic monohydric alcohols having two to eleven hydrocarbons, 30 - 70 vol% of at least one kind of saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbons, and 5 - 30 vol% of at least one kind of ethers having two chain hydrocarbon groups whose number of carbon atoms is six or less.
  • the respective blended primary fuels can be effectively mixed without being separated from each other.
  • Fig. 1 is a flowchart showing a method of manufacturing a fuel for internal combustion engine according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a graph showing the relationship between the ratio of alcohol and petroleum components in a liquid fuel and the concentrations of the polluted gases contained in exhaust gases.
  • Fig. 1 is a flowchart showing a method of manufacturing a fuel for internal combustion engines according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the fuel mainly includes at least two kinds of aliphatic monohydric alcohols, straight-chain hydrocarbons, and single ether or mixed ethers. After these primary fuels are measured in predetermined volume percentages, first, the single ether or the mixed ethers whose polarity is smaller than that of the aliphatic monohydric alcohols is/are charged into and mixed with light duty naphtha, which is a straight-chain hydrocarbon having a relatively large volume and having the smallest polarity, and then the aliphatic monohydric alcohols are charged thereinto and mixed therewith, whereby the low pollution fuel of the present invention is prepared.
  • light duty naphtha which is a straight-chain hydrocarbon having a relatively large volume and having the smallest polarity
  • the present invention is not limited thereto.
  • the ethers and alcohols are sequentially charged into and blended with the light duty naphtha which has the low polarity
  • the ethers and the light duty naphtha may instead be sequentially charged into the alcohol having a high polarity.
  • Blend examples of the fuel made by the above manufacturing method will be shown below.
  • a blend example 1 contains 25 vol% of isobutyl alcohol (IBA) as one of aliphatic monohydric alcohols, 13 vol% of isopropyl alcohol (IPA) as the other thereof, 17 vol% of methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) as mixed ethers, and 45 vol% of light duty naphtha as the straight-chain hydrocarbon.
  • IBA isobutyl alcohol
  • IPA isopropyl alcohol
  • MTBE methyl tertiary butyl ether
  • a blend example 2 contains 25 vol% of butyl alcohol as one of aliphatic monohydric alcohols
  • IPA isopropyl alcohol
  • MTBE methyl tertiary butyl ether
  • a blend example 3 contains 25 vol% of isobutyl alcohol (IBA) as one of aliphatic monohydric alcohols, 13 vol% of isopropyl alcohol (IPA) as the other thereof, 17 vol% of dibutyl ether as mixed ethers, and 45 vol% of light duty naphtha as the straight-chain hydrocarbon.
  • IBA isobutyl alcohol
  • IPA isopropyl alcohol
  • a blend example 4 contains 25 vol% of butyl alcohol as one of aliphatic monohydric alcohols
  • IPA isopropyl alcohol
  • a blend example 5 contains 25 vol% of isobutyl alcohol (IBA) as one of aliphatic monohydric alcohols, 13 vol% of isopropyl alcohol (IPA) as the other thereof, 17 vol% of tertiary amyl methyl ether (TAME) as mixed ethers, and 45 vol% of light duty naphtha as the straight-chain hydrocarbon.
  • IBA isobutyl alcohol
  • IPA isopropyl alcohol
  • TAME tertiary amyl methyl ether
  • a blend example 6 contains 25 vol% of butyl alcohol as one of aliphatic monohydric alcohols
  • a blend example 7 contains 16 vol% of ETHANOL (C2H5OH) as one of aliphatic monohydric alcohols, 31 vol% of isopropyl alcohol (IPA) as the other thereof, 8 vol% of MTBE as mixed ethers, and 45 vol% of light duty naphtha as the straight-chain hydrocarbon.
  • ETHANOL C2H5OH
  • IPA isopropyl alcohol
  • a blend example 8 contains 30 vol% of ETHANOL, as one of aliphatic monohydric alcohols, 20 vol% of N-Butanol (NBA) as the other thereof, 5 vol% of MTBE as mixed ethers, and 45 vol% of light duty naphtha as the straight-chain hydrocarbon.
  • a comparative example contains 43 vol% of methyl alcohol as one of conventional alcohol fuels
  • IBA isobutyl alcohol
  • MTBE methyl tertiary butyl ether
  • the light duty naphtha referred to here is light duty naphtha which is refined so that the content of each of aromatic hydrocarbons such as B (benzene), T (toluene), X (xylene), etc. is made 2% or less in the distillation of crude oil (atmospheric distillation).
  • the use of the light duty naphtha is preferable because it can prevent the concentrations of CO and HC in exhaust gases from being increased due to the imperfect combustion of the aromatic hydrocarbons which are relatively stable chemically, and can prevent or reduce harmful aromatic hydrocarbons such as B (benzene), T (toluene), X (xylene), etc. from being discharged into exhaust gases.
  • the present invention is not limited hereto.
  • straight-chain saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbons with nine or fewer carbon atoms may be used in place of all or a part of the light duty naphtha from the viewpoint of the volatility of the naphtha and the increase of the concentrations of CO and HC in exhaust gases caused by the residuals thereof.
  • the aliphatic monohydric alcohols have at least two carbons because methyl alcohol is removed therefrom.
  • the upper limit of the carbon number of the aliphatic monohydric alcohols is twelve or more, the initial distilling point of alcohol is increased and the specific weight thereof is made large, and accordingly the resulting liquid fuel has a lowered igniting capability and is liable to adversely affect engine starting, and the specific weight of the resulting fuel becomes larger than a specific weight regulated as gasoline.
  • the carbon number of the aliphatic monohydric alcohols must be set to eleven or less.
  • nonstraight-chain monohydric (primary) alcohol is preferably employed as at least one kind of the aliphatic monohydric alcohols because its polarity is lower than that of straight-chain alcohol, and the blending property thereof with hydrocarbon components and ethers is therefore better.
  • the present invention is not limited thereto and these alcohols may be suitably combined from the viewpoint of price, volatility and the like.
  • nonstraight-chain aliphatic monohydric alcohols such as IPA, IBA, etc. because the octane value obtained thereby can be properly set to desired values for an internal combustion engine.
  • the present invention is not limited thereto.
  • ether having two chain hydrocarbon groups whose number of carbon atoms is six or less, from the viewpoint of the volatility and price thereof.
  • MTBE methyl tertiary butyl ether
  • TAME tertiary amyl methyl ether
  • the present invention is not limited to the MTBE, dibutyl ether, and TAME, and the kinds and the like of ethers to be used may be suitably selected based on the kinds and the like of alcohols which will be used.
  • blend ratios shown in the above blend examples 1 - 8 are not limited thereto, and the respective compositions have the ranges of blend ratios in which similar excellent characteristics can be obtained. The ranges will be shown below.
  • composition system of the blend example 1 is in the range of IBA 5 - 30 vol%, IPA 5 - 30 vol%, MTBE 5 - 35 voi%, and light duty naphtha or gasoline 45 - 70 vol%.
  • composition system of the blend example 2 is in the range of butyl alcohol 5 - 30 vol%, IPA 5 - 30 vol%, MTBE 5 - 35 vol%, and light duty naphtha or gasoline 45 - 70 vol%.
  • Composition System of Blend Example 3 is in the range of butyl alcohol 5 - 30 vol%, IPA 5 - 30 vol%, MTBE 5 - 35 vol%, and light duty naphtha or gasoline 45 - 70 vol%.
  • composition system of the blend example 3 is in the range of IBA 5 - 30%, IPA 5 - 30 vol%, butyl ether 5 - 35 vol%, and light duty naphtha or gasoline 45 - 70 vol%.
  • composition system of the blend example 4 is in the range of butyl alcohol 5 - 30 vol%, IPS 5 - 30 vol%, dibutyl ether 5 - 35 vol%, and light duty naphtha or gasoline 45 - 70 vol%.
  • composition system of the blend example 5 is in the range of IBA 5 - 30 vol%, IPA 5 - 30 vol%, TAME 5 - 35 vol%, and light duty naphtha or gasoline 45 - 70 vol%.
  • composition system of the blend example 6 is in the range of butyl alcohol 5 - 30 vol%, IPA 5 - 30 vol%, TAME 5 - 35 vol%, and light duty naphtha or gasoline 45 - 70 vol%.
  • composition system of the blend example 7 is in the range of ETHANOL 10 - 35 vol%, IPA 10 - 35 vol%, MTBE 5 - 10 vol%, and light duty naphtha or gasoline 45 - 70 vol%.
  • composition system of the blend example 8 is in the range of ETHANOL 10 - 35 vol%, N- Butanol (NBA) 10 - 35 vol%, MTBE 5 - 10 vol%, and light duty naphtha or gasoline 45 - 70 vol%.
  • a more preferable ratio in the above compositions is in the range of monohydric alcohol components to ether components to petroleum components such as hydrocarbons and light duty naphtha or gasoline and the like, in the range of 3:2:5 to 3:1 :6 in vol%, or 2:1 :7 to 2.5:05:7 in vol%.
  • the volume percentage of the monohydric alcohol components is made less than half that of the hydrocarbons and the petroleum components such as the light duty naphtha, gasoline or the like as shown in Fig. 2, the contents of COx, HxCy, SOx, NOx, etc. in exhaust gases are increased.
  • the swelling of rubber and the deterioration of mechanical strength and characteristics thereof are admitted in the conventional alternative fuel containing methyl alcohol as the blend example 9 as described above.
  • the blend example 1 of the present invention is by no means inferior to the gasoline as to the swelling of rubber and the deterioration of mechanical strength and characteristics thereof. Accordingly, it can be said that the low pollution liquid fuel of the present invention can be stored in the facilities of existing gas stations and used for existing gasoline-driven automobiles as is, and can be arbitrarily mixed with gasoline for use. Further, characteristics similar to those of the blend example 1 can be obtained by the blend examples 2 - 8, which are not shown in Tables 1 and 2.
  • any of the exhaust gas values (COx, HxCy and NOx) in the embodiment is low.
  • the HxCy and COx values of the liquid fuel of the present invention are remarkably lower than those of the conventional liquid fuel (comparative example) using methanol.
  • the liquid fuels of the present invention could reduce the amounts of COx and HxCy exhausted when they were combusted and further could reduce the NOx value by about 10%.
  • SOx since no sulfur is contained in the components of the low pollution liquid fuel of the present invention, SOx is not exhausted at all, and thus the fuel can be used as a low pollution fuel capable of reducing the effect thereof on the atmospheric pollution.
  • low pollution fuel of the present invention does not require that a conventional gasoline engine be provided with a special device, that some parts thereof be converted, or that some parts thereof be replaced. Further it is possible to mix the low pollution fuel of the present invention with conventional gasoline for use.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un combustible liquide peu polluant et son procédé de production. L'utilisation indépendante du combustible liquide ou l'utilisation mixte de ce combustible et d'essence donne une efficacité et un rendement similaires ou supérieurs à ceux de l'essence à obtenir sans devoir modifier la structure ou le matériau de moteurs à essence à combustion interne existants. En outre, les contenus de monoxyde de carbone (CO) et d'hydrocarbures (HC) contenus dans les gaz d'échappement peuvent être remarquablement réduits comparé à ceux émis si on utilise de l'essence. Le combustible a 10 - 50 % en volume d'au moins deux types d'alcools monohydriques aliphatiques ayant deux à onze hydrocarbures, 40 - 70 % en volume d'au moins un type d'hydrocarbures saturés ou non saturés et 5 - 30 % en volume d'au moins un type d'éther ayant deux chaînes de groupes d'hydrocarbures dont le nombre d'atomes de carbone est de maximum six.
PCT/CA2001/000529 2001-04-17 2001-04-17 Combustible liquide peu polluant et son procede de production WO2002083821A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/CA2001/000529 WO2002083821A1 (fr) 2001-04-17 2001-04-17 Combustible liquide peu polluant et son procede de production

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/CA2001/000529 WO2002083821A1 (fr) 2001-04-17 2001-04-17 Combustible liquide peu polluant et son procede de production

Publications (1)

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WO2002083821A1 true WO2002083821A1 (fr) 2002-10-24

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8974552B2 (en) 2008-01-02 2015-03-10 Shell Oil Company Liquid fuel compositions

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1461966A (en) * 1973-09-18 1977-01-19 Magyar Asvanyolaj Es Foeldgaz Fuel composition for internal-combustion engines
DE3033220A1 (de) * 1980-09-04 1982-04-01 Maurizio Milano Gianoli Treibstoff- bzw. brennstoffgemisch
US4468233A (en) * 1981-04-28 1984-08-28 Veba Oel Ag Motor fuel containing tert-butyl ethers
WO2001021737A1 (fr) * 1999-09-24 2001-03-29 Gaia Energy (Hk) Ltd. Huile verte

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1461966A (en) * 1973-09-18 1977-01-19 Magyar Asvanyolaj Es Foeldgaz Fuel composition for internal-combustion engines
DE3033220A1 (de) * 1980-09-04 1982-04-01 Maurizio Milano Gianoli Treibstoff- bzw. brennstoffgemisch
US4468233A (en) * 1981-04-28 1984-08-28 Veba Oel Ag Motor fuel containing tert-butyl ethers
WO2001021737A1 (fr) * 1999-09-24 2001-03-29 Gaia Energy (Hk) Ltd. Huile verte

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8974552B2 (en) 2008-01-02 2015-03-10 Shell Oil Company Liquid fuel compositions

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