GB2384004A - Fuel mixture containing paraffin and vegetable/fish oil - Google Patents
Fuel mixture containing paraffin and vegetable/fish oil Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2384004A GB2384004A GB0200780A GB0200780A GB2384004A GB 2384004 A GB2384004 A GB 2384004A GB 0200780 A GB0200780 A GB 0200780A GB 0200780 A GB0200780 A GB 0200780A GB 2384004 A GB2384004 A GB 2384004A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- oil
- fuel mixture
- paraffin
- vegetable
- fuel
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 235000021323 fish oil Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 title claims description 20
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229940057995 liquid paraffin Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000019484 Rapeseed oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000001338 aliphatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 231100000053 low toxicity Toxicity 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 4
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000012716 cod liver oil Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000003026 cod liver oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000252203 Clupea harengus Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000019482 Palm oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000005662 Paraffin oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019483 Peanut oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019485 Safflower oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000269821 Scombridae Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021383 artificial graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004359 castor oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019438 castor oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019864 coconut oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003240 coconut oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000005687 corn oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002285 corn oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012343 cottonseed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002385 cottonseed oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019688 fish Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940013317 fish oils Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N glycerol triricinoleate Natural products CCCCCC[C@@H](O)CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@@H](O)CCCCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@H](O)CCCCCC ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019514 herring Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000944 linseed oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021388 linseed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000020640 mackerel Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004006 olive oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000008390 olive oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003346 palm kernel oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019865 palm kernel oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002540 palm oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000312 peanut oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000005713 safflower oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003813 safflower oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011803 sesame oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008159 sesame oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012424 soybean oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003549 soybean oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020238 sunflower seed Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002383 tung oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000010497 wheat germ oil Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/02—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/02—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only
- C10L1/026—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only for compression ignition
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/32—Liquid carbonaceous fuels consisting of coal-oil suspensions or aqueous emulsions or oil emulsions
- C10L1/322—Coal-oil suspensions
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
Abstract
A fuel mixture for Diesel engines is provided which comprises at least one vegetable oil and/or fish oil and at least one liquid paraffin in volume ratio 0.5:1 to 9:1 respectively. The fuel can be used as a direct replacement for conventional Diesel engine fuels and has low toxicity.
Description
<Desc/Clms Page number 1>
FUEL MIXTURE
This invention relates to fuel mixtures and in particular to fuel mixtures suitable as fuel for Diesel engines.
Whilst mixtures and blends as fuels for efficient running of Diesel engines have been the goal of many companies for many years, such fuels have been based on fractions derived from crude oil. A problem with such fuels is a level of sulphur, its oxides and other derivatives of which are undesirable by-products of combustion in the Diesel engine. Several improvements in the level of sulphur have been made but a significant level still remains.
There is a need therefore for a Diesel fuel which has contains an insignificant level of sulphur and is not predominantly based on any derivative from crude oil or based on toxic components.
According to the present invention a Diesel fuel mixture is provided which comprises at least one vegetable oil and/or fish oil and at least one liquid paraffin in volume ratio 0.5 : 1 to 9: 1 respectively.
By the term vegetable oil is meant naturally occurring oils derived by extraction from a vegetable or a part thereof such as, for example, a seed. Suitable vegetable oils include castor oil, coconut oil, corn oil, cotton seed oil, linseed oil, olive oil, palm oil, palmkernel oil, peanut oil, rape seed oil, safflower oil, sesame oil, soybean oil, sunflower seed oil, tung oil and
<Desc/Clms Page number 2>
wheat germ oil. A preferred vegetable oil is rape seed oil. The vegetable oil may be used singly or in combination.
By the term fish oil is meant any oil derived from fish sources. Suitable fish oils include, for example, cod liver oil, mackerel oil and herring oil. The fish oil may be used singly or in combination with a vegetable oil. A preferred fish oil is cod liver oil.
Paraffin, sometimes referred to as kerosine, used in accordance with the present invention should be liquid a room temperature (18 C). It is a thin, essentially colourless oil which is generally obtained by distillation of petroleum or a fraction of crude oil.
The paraffin used herein is preferably a mixture of similar aliphatic hydrocarbons having an average carbon content of between 7 and 14, i. e. a mixture of mid-length aliphatic hydrocarbons, preferably between 8 and 10. The boiling point at atmospheric pressure of such hydrocarbon in the paraffin should be greater than 50 C, preferably greater than 1000C so that evaporation from the fuel of the present invention is minimal.
The relative concentrations of the vegetable oil and paraffin in the mixture can be varied for winter and summer use. For winter use the ratio of vegetable oil to paraffin is preferably 1.25 : 1 to 2: 1, most preferably 1.5 : 2 to 2: 1. For summer use the ratio of vegetable oil to paraffin is preferably 2.5 : 1 to 4: 1, most preferably 3: 1 to 4: 1. Where fish oil is used alone as the oil, it is preferred that the ratio of fish oil to paraffin by volume is between the 0.75 : 1 to 1.25 : 1.
<Desc/Clms Page number 3>
The fuel mixture of the present invention can include any of the additives used in the art of Diesel fuels. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, graphite is also included to improve lubrication of engine moving parts. The concentration of graphite in the fuel is preferably between 1 x 10-1 % and 1 x 10-3 %, the percentages based by volume of graphite and fuel mixture.
The fuel mixture of the present invention can be made by any method known in the art for mixing two miscible liquids, or at elevated temperature if the vegetable oil has too a high viscosity at ambient temperature (e. g. 18 C) to enable mixing at ambient temperature. However the mixing temperature should not be so high as to evaporate significant quantity of the paraffin. Any graphite may be added as solid but is preferably premixed with a small quantity of either paraffin or vegetable oil, preferably paraffin, or both so as to facilitate more thorough and quicker mixing.
The fuel mixture of the present invention may be used as a replacement for conventional Diesel fuels.
In a further aspect of the present invention, a method of fuelling a Diesel engine is provided which comprises the step of using as fuel a fuel mixture as hereinbefore described.
The invention is illustrated with reference to the following examples.
<Desc/Clms Page number 4>
Example 1
Rape seed oil (60 parts by volume) was mixed with paraffin (Aladdin Blue"40 parts by volume), i. e. a ratio of 1.5 : 1 respectively by volume.
The fuel mixture was evaluated on a Peugeot 205 automobile having a 1.8 litre Diesel engine. After being driven 3000 miles using the above fuel mixture, it was found that starting and driving characteristics including acceleration was not significantly different from using regular commercial Diesel fuel. The car started first time at -8OC in the morning after standing outside overnight. Carbon emissions were very low. The car also ran smoothly at 70mph.
Example 2
Engineering grade synthetic graphite (Brad-Chem Grade 422; Brad-Chem Ltd, Leigh, Lancashire) (0. 001 parts by volume; 0.001% based on final mixture of rape seed oil and paraffin) was mixed with about 100cm3 of paraffin.
The graphite-paraffin mixture was blended with rape seed oil (60 parts by volume) and with paraffin ("Aladdin Blue" ; total 40 parts by volume), i. e. a ratio of 1.5 : 1 respectively by volume.
The results obtained using this mixture were similar to those obtained in Example 1 except that the car appeared to run more smoothly.
Example 3
A fuel mixture can be made as described in Example 1 but using cod liver oil in place of the rape seed oil except that the volume ratio of fish oil to paraffin was 1: 1.
<Desc/Clms Page number 5>
The results obtained using this mixture were similar to those obtained in Example 1.
Claims (11)
- CLAIMS 1. A fuel mixture is provided which comprises at least one vegetable oil and/or fish oil and at least one liquid paraffin in volume ratio 0.5 : 1 to 9: 1 respectively.
- 2. A fuel mixture as claimed in Claim 1 in which the volume ratio of vegetable oil to paraffin is 1. 25 : 1 to 2: 1.
- 3. A fuel mixture as claimed in Claim 1 in which the volume ratio of vegetable oil to paraffin is 2.5 : 1 to 4: 1.
- 4. A fuel mixture as claimed in any one of Claims 1 to 3 in which the vegetable oil is a single vegetable oil.
- 5. A fuel mixture as claimed in any one of Claims 1 to 4 in which the vegetable oil is rape seed oil.
- 6. A fuel mixture as claimed in Claim 1 in which the oil is fish oil.
- 7. A fuel mixture as claimed in claim 6 in which the volume ratio of fish oil to paraffin is between the 0.75 : 1 to 1.25 : 1.
- 8. A fuel mixture as claimed in any one of Claims 1 to 7 in which the paraffin comprises a mixture of similar aliphatic hydrocarbons having an average carbon content of between 7 and 14.
- 9. A fuel mixture as claimed in any one of Claims 1 to 8 in which additionally includes graphite.
- 10. A fuel mixture as claimed in Claim 9 in which the graphite is present in concentration between 1 x 10-1 % and 1 x 10-3 %, the percentages based by volume of graphite and fuel mixture.<Desc/Clms Page number 7>
- 11. A method of fuelling a Diesel engine which comprises the step of using as fuel a fuel mixture as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 10.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB0200780A GB2384004B (en) | 2002-01-15 | 2002-01-15 | Fuel mixture |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB0200780A GB2384004B (en) | 2002-01-15 | 2002-01-15 | Fuel mixture |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB0200780D0 GB0200780D0 (en) | 2002-03-06 |
| GB2384004A true GB2384004A (en) | 2003-07-16 |
| GB2384004B GB2384004B (en) | 2006-08-23 |
Family
ID=9929061
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB0200780A Expired - Fee Related GB2384004B (en) | 2002-01-15 | 2002-01-15 | Fuel mixture |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB2384004B (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1951848A2 (en) * | 2005-11-25 | 2008-08-06 | Timothy Wetzel | Viesel |
| EP2044178A2 (en) * | 2006-07-26 | 2009-04-08 | Alternative Fuels Group Inc. | Alternative organic fuel formulations including vegetable oil |
| US7972392B2 (en) | 2005-12-08 | 2011-07-05 | Choren Industries Gmbh | Fuel preparation |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1981000721A1 (en) * | 1979-09-10 | 1981-03-19 | Wer R | Universal fuel for engines |
| WO1983000344A1 (en) * | 1981-07-15 | 1983-02-03 | Moncrieff, Ian, Duncan | Fuel for an internal combustion engine |
-
2002
- 2002-01-15 GB GB0200780A patent/GB2384004B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1981000721A1 (en) * | 1979-09-10 | 1981-03-19 | Wer R | Universal fuel for engines |
| WO1983000344A1 (en) * | 1981-07-15 | 1983-02-03 | Moncrieff, Ian, Duncan | Fuel for an internal combustion engine |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1951848A2 (en) * | 2005-11-25 | 2008-08-06 | Timothy Wetzel | Viesel |
| EP1951848A4 (en) * | 2005-11-25 | 2011-12-07 | Tellus Renewables Llc | Viesel |
| US7972392B2 (en) | 2005-12-08 | 2011-07-05 | Choren Industries Gmbh | Fuel preparation |
| EP2044178A2 (en) * | 2006-07-26 | 2009-04-08 | Alternative Fuels Group Inc. | Alternative organic fuel formulations including vegetable oil |
| EP2044178A4 (en) * | 2006-07-26 | 2011-11-30 | Alternative Fuels Group Inc | Alternative organic fuel formulations including vegetable oil |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB2384004B (en) | 2006-08-23 |
| GB0200780D0 (en) | 2002-03-06 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 20070115 |