Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C49/00—Ketones; Ketenes; Dimeric ketenes; Ketonic chelates
  • C07C49/587—Unsaturated compounds containing a keto groups being part of a ring
  • C07C49/703—Unsaturated compounds containing a keto groups being part of a ring containing hydroxy groups
  • C07C49/713—Unsaturated compounds containing a keto groups being part of a ring containing hydroxy groups a keto group being part of a six-membered ring
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/12—Ketones
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/12—Ketones
  • A61K31/122—Ketones having the oxygen directly attached to a ring, e.g. quinones, vitamin K1, anthralin
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P13/00—Drugs for disorders of the urinary system
  • A61P13/12—Drugs for disorders of the urinary system of the kidneys
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
  • A61P25/02—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for peripheral neuropathies
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P27/00—Drugs for disorders of the senses
  • A61P27/02—Ophthalmic agents
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
  • A61P3/08—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis
  • A61P3/10—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis for hyperglycaemia, e.g. antidiabetics
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C403/00—Derivatives of cyclohexane or of a cyclohexene or of cyclohexadiene, having a side-chain containing an acyclic unsaturated part of at least four carbon atoms, this part being directly attached to the cyclohexane or cyclohexene or cyclohexadiene rings, e.g. vitamin A, beta-carotene, beta-ionone
  • C07C403/06—Derivatives of cyclohexane or of a cyclohexene or of cyclohexadiene, having a side-chain containing an acyclic unsaturated part of at least four carbon atoms, this part being directly attached to the cyclohexane or cyclohexene or cyclohexadiene rings, e.g. vitamin A, beta-carotene, beta-ionone having side-chains substituted by singly-bound oxygen atoms
  • C07C403/08—Derivatives of cyclohexane or of a cyclohexene or of cyclohexadiene, having a side-chain containing an acyclic unsaturated part of at least four carbon atoms, this part being directly attached to the cyclohexane or cyclohexene or cyclohexadiene rings, e.g. vitamin A, beta-carotene, beta-ionone having side-chains substituted by singly-bound oxygen atoms by hydroxy groups
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C45/00—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds
  • C07C45/51—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by pyrolysis, rearrangement or decomposition
  • C07C45/511—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by pyrolysis, rearrangement or decomposition involving transformation of singly bound oxygen functional groups to >C = O groups
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C45/00—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds
  • C07C45/56—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds from heterocyclic compounds
  • C07C45/57—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds from heterocyclic compounds with oxygen as the only heteroatom
  • C07C45/59—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds from heterocyclic compounds with oxygen as the only heteroatom in five-membered rings
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C45/00—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds
  • C07C45/61—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by reactions not involving the formation of >C = O groups
  • C07C45/67—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by reactions not involving the formation of >C = O groups by isomerisation; by change of size of the carbon skeleton
  • C07C45/673—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by reactions not involving the formation of >C = O groups by isomerisation; by change of size of the carbon skeleton by change of size of the carbon skeleton
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C2601/00—Systems containing only non-condensed rings
  • C07C2601/12—Systems containing only non-condensed rings with a six-membered ring
  • C07C2601/16—Systems containing only non-condensed rings with a six-membered ring the ring being unsaturated

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a preventive and/or therapeutic agent for diabetic complications typified by diabetic neuropathy.
• Diabetes is a complex disease caused by hyperglycemia .
• the blood sugar level is controlled, in most cases by injection of insulin. What is really troublesome for those suffering from diabetes is, however, the advance to diabetic complications.
• diabetic complications diabetic retinopathy, diabetic nephropathy, diabetic angiopathy and diabetic neuropathy are known.
• proper blood sugar control is necessary over a long period of time. It is known that the longer the suffering period, the higher the incidence of diabetic complications.
• An object of the present invention is therefore to provide a novel preventive and/or therapeutic agent for diabetic complications, particularly for diabetic neuropathy.
• the present invention is to provide a pharmaceutical composition for preventing and/or treating diabetic complications, which comprises the cyclohexenone long-chain alcoholic derivative and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
• the present invention is to provide use of the cyclohexenone long-chain alcoholic derivative for the manufacture of a preventive and/or therapeutic agent for diabetic complications.
• the present invention is to provide a method for preventing and/or treating diabetic complications, which comprises administering the cyclohexenone long-chain alcoholic derivative.
• a remedy for diabetic complications which comprises a cyclohexenone long-chain alcoholic derivative represented by the following formula (1) :
• R 1 , R 2 and R 3 each independently represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group and X represents a linear or branched C ⁇ 0 - 2 8 alkylene or alkenylene group] .
• X represents a linear or branched C ⁇ o- 28 alkylene and alkenylene group.
• the branched alkylene or alkenylene group contains, as the side chain, a Ci-io alkyl group.
• alkyl group as the side chain examples include methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, tert-pentyl, hexyl, isohexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl and decyl groups .
• the methyl group is particularly preferred.
• Substitution of the side chain to a linear alkylene or alkenylene group (which means an alkene structure having at least one carbon-carbon double bond) is preferably at the 3- and/or 7-position.
• linear C ⁇ o- 28 alkylene groups are preferred, with linear Cio-i ⁇ alkylene groups being particularly preferred.
• R 1 , R 2 and R 3 each independently represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group. More preferably, at least one of them represents a methyl group.
• the compound represented by the above-described formula (1) may exist as a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or a solvate or hydrate thereof.
• the compound (1) has various isomers and these isomers are also embraced by the present invention.
• the cyclohexenone long-chain alcoholic derivative represented by the formula (1) can be prepared, for example, in accordance with the following Process A or Process B.
• R la , R 2a and R 3a each independently represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group with the proviso that at least one of them represents a methyl group, Ph stands for a phenyl group and X, R 1 , R 2 and R 3 have the same meanings as described above] .
• the compound (1) is available by reacting cyclohexenone (2) or methyl-substituted-2- cyclohexen-1-one (3) with a phenylsulfinic acid salt in the presence of an acid, reacting the resulting compound (4) with ethylene glycol, reacting the resulting ketal derivative (5) with a ⁇ -halogenoalkanol or ⁇ - halogenoalkenol, and subjecting the resulting compound (6) to acid treatment to eliminate the protective group.
• the methyl-substituted-2-cyclohexen-l-one (3) used here as a raw material is available by reacting methyl- substituted cyclohexanone with a trialkylsilyl halide in the presence of butyl lithium, followed by oxidation in the presence of a palladium catalyst.
• reaction of cyclohexenone (2) or methyl- substituted-2-cyclohexen-l-one (3) with a phenylsulfinic acid salt, for example, sodium phenylsulfinate is preferably effected in the presence of an acid such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid or phosphoric acid at 0 to 100°C for 5 to 40 hours.
• reaction between the ketal derivative (5) with the ⁇ - halogenoalkanol is preferably effected in the presence of a metal compound such as butyl lithium under low temperature conditions.
• X represents a C 9 _ 27 alkylene or alkenylene group
• Ac stands for an acyl group
• R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and Ph have the same meanings as described above
• the compound (la) can be obtained by reacting the compound (7) [available in accordance with, for example, Tetrahedron, 52, 14891-
• the reaction of the 1 compound (7) with the ⁇ - bromoalcohol (8) is preferably conducted in the presence of a metal compound such as butyl lithium under low temperature conditions.
• the phenylsulfonyl group is eliminated from the compound (9), for example, by reacting the compound with a phosphate salt in the presence of sodium amalgam.
• a phosphate salt in the presence of sodium amalgam.
• an acetyl group is preferred.
• the protection reaction is conducted, for example, by reacting the compound (10) with acetic anhydride.
• the compound (11) is oxidized by reacting it with an alkyl hydroperoxide such as t-butyl hydroperoxide in the presence of a metal compound such as ruthenium trichloride.
• the deprotection of the compound (12) is preferably conducted by hydrolyzing it in the presence of a base such as potassium carbonate.
• the cyclohexenone long-chain alcoholic derivatives (1) thus obtained significantly suppress lowering in a stimulus conduction rate of the peripheral nerve in animal models of diabetes, thereby significantly- alleviating hypofunction of the urinary bladder such as dysuria as will be described later in test, so that they are useful as a preventive and/or therapeutic agent for diabetic complications, particularly diabetic neuropathy, in mammals including human .
• the cyclohexenone long-chain alcoholic derivatives (1) of the present invention are low molecular compounds so that they can be administered either orally or parenterally (intramuscularly, subcutaneously, intravenously or by way of suppository) .
• Oral preparations can be formulated into tablets, covered tablets, coated tablets, granules, capsules, solutions, syrups, elixirs, or oil or aqueous suspensions in a manner known per se in the art after addition of an excipient and if necessary a binder, a disintegrator, a lubricant, a colorant and/or a corrigent.
• excipient include lactose, corn starch, saccharose, glucose, sorbitol and crystalline cellulose.
• binder examples include polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl ether, ethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, gum arabic, tragacanth, gelatin, shellac, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl starch and polyvinyl pyrrolidone.
• disintegrator examples include starch, agar, gelatin powder, crystalline cellulose, calcium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, calcium citrate, dextran and pectin; those of the lubricant include magnesium stearate, talc, polyethylene glycol, silica and hardened vegetable oil.
• colorant pharmaceutically acceptable ones as an additive can be used.
• corrigent examples include cocoa powder, menthol, aromatic acid, peppermint oil, camphor and cinnamon powder.
• the tablet can also be used in the form of a coated tablet available by applying sugar coating, gelatin coating or the like to granules as needed.
• Injections more specifically, subcutaneous, intramuscular or intravenous injections are formulated in a manner known per se in the art by adding a pH regulator, buffer, stabilizer and/or preservative as needed. It is also possible to fill the injection solution in a vial or the like and lyophilize it into a solid preparation which is reconstituted immediately before use.
• One dose is filled in a vial or alternatively, multiple doses are filled in one vial.
• the dose of the invention compound as a medicament usually falls within a range of from 0.01 to 1000 mg/day, with a range of from 0.1 to 100 mg/day being preferred. This daily dose is administered once a day or in 2 to 4 portions a day.
• HMPT (1 ml) was added and the resulting mixture was cooled to -78 °C again, followed by the dropwise addition of a 2 ml THF solution of 205 mg of 14-bromo-l-tetradecanol . After reaction at -20 °C for 2 hours, the reaction mixture was poured into a saturated solution of ammonium chloride. The resulting mixture was extracted with ether. The organic layer was washed with water and saturated saline, dried over magnesium sulfate and distilled under reduced pressure to remove the solvent.
• the conduction rate was 49.4 m/sec on average in a diabetes-free rat group, while it was 42.4 m/sec on average in an administration- free group of diabetes rats, showing lowering in a nerve stimulus conduction rate in the latter group.
• the rate was 45.5 m/sec on average, showing that administration significantly suppressed the lowering in a nerve stimulus conduction rate resulting from diabetes.
• Compound 4 obtained in Preparation Example 4 was administered intraperitoneally to a rat at a daily dose of 8 mg/kg day for 8 weeks from two days after administration of STZ. Its urination pattern such as urination frequency and urination amount was then recorded for 24 hours at 2.5-min intervals by using a metabolic cage.
• Test 3 (Bladder capacity and urination efficiency) In a similar manner to Test 1, Compound 4 obtained in
• Preparation Example 4 was administered intraperitoneally to a rat at a daily dose of 8 mg/kg for 8 weeks from two days after administration of STZ. The intravesical pressure of the rat was then measured under anesthesia, whereby bladder capacity and urination efficiency were determined.
• the urination- inducing bladder capacity of a diabetes-free rat group was 0.25 ⁇ 0.03 ml, while that of an administration-free diabetes rat group was 0.90 + 0.14 ml, showing a deterioration in the bladder function.
• That of a Compound- 4-administered diabetes rat group was, on the other hand, 0.54 ⁇ 0.07 ml, showing a significant improvement compared with the administration-free group.
• the urination efficiency was determined from an excreted quantity/bladder capacity ratio.
• the diabetes- free rat group exhibited a urination efficiency of 87.5 ⁇ 2.2%, while the-ad inistration-free diabetes rat group exhibited 53.6 ⁇ 6.5%, showing a reduction in the efficiency.
• the Compound-4-administered diabetes rat group on the other hand, exhibited 75.0 ⁇ 6.1%, showing a significant improvement compared with the administration- free group. Table 3
• Urination efficiency (%) 100 x excreted quantity/bladder capacity
• the cyclohexenone long-chain alcoholic derivatives according to the present invention significantly suppress a reduction in a peripheral nerve conduction rate in the animal models of diabetes and alleviate a hypofunction of the bladder so that it is useful as a remedy for diabetes complications, particularly, for diabetes neuropathy.

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