WO2002052327A1 - Commutateur optique - Google Patents
Commutateur optique Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2002052327A1 WO2002052327A1 PCT/JP2001/011210 JP0111210W WO02052327A1 WO 2002052327 A1 WO2002052327 A1 WO 2002052327A1 JP 0111210 W JP0111210 W JP 0111210W WO 02052327 A1 WO02052327 A1 WO 02052327A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- optical
- light
- optical switch
- piezoelectric
- channel
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
- G02B6/35—Optical coupling means having switching means
- G02B6/351—Optical coupling means having switching means involving stationary waveguides with moving interposed optical elements
- G02B6/3522—Optical coupling means having switching means involving stationary waveguides with moving interposed optical elements the optical element enabling or impairing total internal reflection
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
- G02B6/35—Optical coupling means having switching means
- G02B6/351—Optical coupling means having switching means involving stationary waveguides with moving interposed optical elements
- G02B6/3512—Optical coupling means having switching means involving stationary waveguides with moving interposed optical elements the optical element being reflective, e.g. mirror
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
- G02B6/35—Optical coupling means having switching means
- G02B6/354—Switching arrangements, i.e. number of input/output ports and interconnection types
- G02B6/3554—3D constellations, i.e. with switching elements and switched beams located in a volume
- G02B6/3556—NxM switch, i.e. regular arrays of switches elements of matrix type constellation
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
- G02B6/35—Optical coupling means having switching means
- G02B6/3564—Mechanical details of the actuation mechanism associated with the moving element or mounting mechanism details
- G02B6/3568—Mechanical details of the actuation mechanism associated with the moving element or mounting mechanism details characterised by the actuating force
- G02B6/3578—Piezoelectric force
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an optical switch. More specifically, it is suitable for an optical communication system, an optical storage device, an optical operation device, an optical recording device, an optical printer, and the like, particularly an optical communication system that requires a multi-channel optical switch for performing switching for each specific light. It relates to the optical switch. Background technology,
- optical switches capable of high-speed response, miniaturization, high integration, low power consumption, and reduction of signal attenuation are required.
- an optical switch one using a liquid crystal, one that moves the position of an optical fiber by a mechanical device using an electromagnet, and one that uses a micro mirror are known.
- optical switches using liquid crystals perform switching based on the orientation of molecules, and therefore have low response speeds, making it difficult to apply them to optical communications that require high-speed communication.
- a polarizing plate since a polarizing plate must be used, there is a problem that light use efficiency is low.
- this type of optical switch has a problem in that it is easily affected by an electric field applied to control other optical waveguides between the optical waveguides. Since the electrodes that apply an electric field to the optical waveguide approach each other, the effect of the electric field between the adjacent optical waveguides increases, and there is a problem that a malfunction occurs due to a crosstalk or the like.
- a light-guiding unit that confines light inside by means of total reflection to transmit light, and when it comes into contact with this light-guiding unit, extracts the light trapped inside to the outside of the light-guiding unit, and extracts the extracted light.
- an optical switching element having an optical switching part that reflects light in the direction of the light guide part, and a driving part that drives the optical switching part (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. H11-222022). .
- this optical switching element has a configuration in which the light guide section extends the light transmission path of the input light in only one direction, and the switching section is brought into contact with an unspecified total reflection surface of the light guide section to guide the light.
- a switch that randomly outputs the light input to the optical unit to the outside that is, a switch that performs only on-off of the light. Therefore, an optical switch that switches a specific input light to a plurality of specific output-side terminals and outputs the same, and an optical switch that switches a plurality of specific input lights and outputs the specific input terminal to a specific output terminal. It is not possible to make a multi-channel optical switch that switches and outputs multiple specific input lights to multiple specific output terminals, and it can be used for purposes such as image display. Utilization in the stem was extremely difficult in practice.
- the light guide section has a configuration in which the light transmission path extends only in one direction, and in addition, since these use the infinite total reflection of the light guide section, the switching section has Considering the refraction at the interface between the atmosphere and the light guide, the emission direction at is limited to an angle deeper than its total reflection angle, that is, almost perpendicular to the total reflection surface. Light in different directions
- the present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems, and has as its object to reduce power consumption, achieve high-speed response, achieve miniaturization, achieve high integration, and obtain a signal. It is another object of the present invention to provide an optical switch suitable for an optical communication system capable of highly reducing the attenuation of the optical signal and performing switching for each specific input light.
- the inventor of the present invention has conducted intensive studies to solve the above-described problems.
- the optical transmission portion is formed from the optical waveguide starting from the light reflection surface provided on a part of the surface facing the optical path changing portion.
- the light transmission path is formed in at least three directions, and the light path changing part is provided on the light reflecting surface of the light transmission part based on the partial displacement of the actuator. It has been found that the above object can be achieved by contacting or separating with the above, and the present invention has been accomplished.
- an optical switch including at least a light transmitting unit, an optical path changing unit, and an actuator unit, wherein the light transmitting unit is at least one surface facing the optical path changing unit.
- a light reflection surface that totally reflects light
- a light transmission path made of an optical waveguide, which is provided in at least three directions starting from the light reflection surface.
- a light introducing member made of a translucent material, and a light reflecting member for total reflection of light, the movable member being in proximity to the light reflecting surface of the light transmitting portion in a movable state. It has a mechanism that is displaced by an external signal and transmits this displacement to the optical path changing part.
- the actuator changes according to the external signal and the optical path changing part comes into contact with the light reflecting surface of the light transmitting part due to the displacement of the evening part.
- the light transmission unit separates the light input to the light transmission path, the light transmission unit
- An optical switch characterized by switching between another optical path to be transmitted to another optical transmission path.
- the actuating portion includes a piezoelectric / electrostrictive element including a piezoelectric Z electrostrictive layer and at least one pair of electrodes provided in a part of the piezoelectric / electrostrictive layer.
- a vibrating member that is in contact with at least a part of the piezoelectric / electrostrictive element, supports the piezoelectric / electrostrictive element, and converts distortion of the piezoelectric / electrostrictive layer into bending displacement or vibration;
- a fixing member for fixing at least a part of the vibrating member, and, if necessary, disposed between the optical path changing unit and the piezoelectric / electrostrictive element, and transmitting a displacement of the piezoelectric / electrostrictive element to the optical path changing unit.
- a displacement transmitting member it is preferable to have a displacement transmitting member.
- an anode layer formed by connecting a plurality of layers functioning as an anode and a cathode layer formed by connecting a plurality of layers functioning as a cathode are alternately laminated with a piezoelectric / electrostrictive layer made of ceramics interposed therebetween. It is also possible to form a so-called laminated factory consisting of a laminated body.
- the light transmitting section is formed of two or more layers having different refractive indexes of light, and it is more preferable that the light transmitting path of the light transmitting section is formed of an optical waveguide.
- the light transmitting section is formed by coupling at least two or more optical waveguides to one optical waveguide such that light transmitting paths are formed in at least three directions starting from the light reflecting surface of the light transmitting section.
- a condenser lens or a collimator lens is disposed at each of a plurality of optical signal input ends and / or optical signal output ends of the optical transmission unit, and the optical signal is condensed or collected. It is preferable to input and output through a lens.
- the light reflecting member may be a light reflecting film integrally formed on the surface of the light introducing member on the side of the displacement transmitting member.
- a multi-channel optical switch including a plurality of the above-described optical switches.
- One embodiment of the multi-channel optical switch of the present invention is a multi-channel optical switch in which each optical transmission path of a plurality of optical switches is formed by a single optical transmission section.
- each light A part of the transmission route can cross each other and share a part of the route.
- a plurality of optical switches connect one output-side optical transmission path and one input-side optical transmission path between adjacent optical switches.
- a plurality of optical switches connected to one input-side optical transmission path, wherein the light input from the input ends of the plurality of optical switches is switched by the optical path changing units of the plurality of optical switches; or
- Light switch A switch connects one output-side optical transmission path and one input-side optical transmission path via an optical fiber between adjacent optical switches, and the input end of at least one optical switch.
- the multi-channel optical switch that switches the light input from the optical path by the optical path changing unit of a plurality of optical switches.
- such a multi-channel optical switch is further provided with a plurality of parallel multi-channel optical switches; or a plurality of such multi-channel optical switches, wherein each output of each multi-channel optical switch is provided. At least a part of the ends is arranged in an arc around the input end of the external light transmission path, which is provided separately from each multi-channel optical switch, and each multi-channel optical switch is disposed.
- a multi-channel optical switch may be provided. Further, an optical splitter or an optical coupler is connected to an optical signal input end or an optical signal output end of each optical transmission path in such an optical switch, and at least a part of the optical transmission path is connected.
- a branched or converged multi-channel optical switch; an optical demultiplexer or an optical multiplexer is coupled to an optical signal input end or an optical signal output end of each optical transmission path in such a multi-channel optical switch, respectively.
- each of the optical path changing portions may have a light reflecting member having at least two or more types of light reflecting angles between the optical path changing portions.
- FIG. 1 (a), 1 (b) and 1 (c) are explanatory views schematically showing one embodiment of an optical switch according to the present invention.
- FIG. 1 (a) shows an optical switch in which an optical path changing unit is separated from an optical transmission unit.
- FIG. 1 (b) shows a state in which the optical path changing section is in contact with the light transmitting section
- FIG. 1 (c) shows a state in which the optical path changing section faces the optical path changing section.
- 4 schematically shows a surface to be formed and a surface corresponding to the optical path changing unit.
- FIG. 2 is an explanatory view schematically showing another embodiment of the optical switch of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is an explanatory view schematically showing another embodiment of the optical switch of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is an explanatory view schematically showing another embodiment of the optical switch of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is an explanatory view schematically showing another embodiment of the optical switch of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is an explanatory view schematically showing another embodiment of the switch.
- FIG. 7 is a partially enlarged view schematically showing another embodiment of the optical switch of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a partially enlarged view schematically showing another embodiment of the optical switch of the present invention.
- FIG. 9 is an explanatory view schematically showing another embodiment of the optical switch of the present invention.
- FIGS. 10 (a) and 10 (b) show an optical switch of the optical switch constituting the optical switch of the present invention.
- FIG. 10 (a) is an explanatory view schematically showing a modified example of a member.
- FIG. 10 (a) shows an example of a piezoelectric / electrostrictive element utilizing displacement in the Y direction which is a laminating direction. Shows an example of a piezoelectric / electrostrictive element using displacement in the X direction, which is a direction perpendicular to the stacking direction.
- FIG. 11 is an explanatory view schematically showing one example of a method for manufacturing a laminated piezoelectric / electrostrictive element.
- FIG. 12 is an explanatory diagram schematically showing one embodiment of the multi-channel optical switch of the present invention.
- FIG. 13 is an explanatory diagram schematically showing another embodiment of the multi-channel optical switch of the present invention.
- FIG. 14 is an explanatory view schematically showing still another embodiment of the multi-channel optical switch of the present invention.
- FIG. 15 is an explanatory view schematically showing still another embodiment of the multi-channel optical switch of the present invention.
- FIG. 16 is an explanatory view schematically showing still another embodiment of the multi-channel optical switch of the present invention.
- FIG. 17 is an explanatory view schematically showing still another embodiment of the multi-channel optical switch of the present invention.
- FIG. 18 is an explanatory view schematically showing still another embodiment of the multi-channel optical switch of the present invention.
- FIG. 19 is an explanatory view schematically showing still another embodiment of the multi-channel optical switch of the present invention.
- FIG. 20 is an explanatory view schematically showing still another embodiment of the multi-channel optical switch of the present invention.
- FIG. 21 is a schematic diagram showing still another embodiment of the multi-channel optical switch of the present invention.
- FIG. 22 is an explanatory view schematically showing still another embodiment of the multi-channel optical switch of the present invention.
- FIG. 23 is an explanatory view schematically showing still another embodiment of the multi-channel optical switch of the present invention.
- FIG. 24 is an explanatory view schematically showing still another embodiment of the multi-channel optical switch of the present invention.
- FIG. 25 is an explanatory view schematically showing still another embodiment of the multi-channel optical switch of the present invention.
- FIG. 26 is an explanatory view schematically showing still another embodiment of the multi-channel optical switch of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 (a), (b) and (c) are explanatory views schematically showing one embodiment of the optical switch of the present invention
- FIG. 1 (a) shows an optical switch in which an optical path changing unit is separated from a light transmitting unit.
- FIG. 1 (b) shows a state in which the optical path changing section is in contact with the light transmitting section
- FIG. 1 (c) shows a state in which the optical path changing section faces the optical path changing section.
- 4 schematically shows a surface to be formed and a surface corresponding to the optical path changing unit.
- the actuator unit 11 when the actuator unit 11 is operated by an external signal such as application of a voltage, the actuator unit 11 1
- the light path changing unit 8 is separated from the light transmitting unit 1 by the displacement of the light transmitting unit 1.
- the light transmitting unit 1 is separated from the light transmitting unit 1, and the light 21 input to the light transmitting path 2 has the refractive index adjusted to a predetermined value.
- the light is totally reflected without being transmitted through one light reflection surface 1a, and transmitted to one light transmission path 4 on the output side.
- the displacement of the actuator section 11 returns to its original state as shown in FIG. Since the light introducing member 9 contacts the light transmitting section 1 at a distance equal to or less than the wavelength of light, the light 21 input to the light transmitting path 2 is From the light introducing member 9 and pass through the light introducing member 9. The light 21 transmitted through the light introducing member 9 reaches the light reflecting member 10, but is reflected by the reflecting surface 10 a of the light reflecting member 10, thereby forming the light transmitting portion 1. The light is transmitted to another light transmission path 5 on the output side different from the light reflected by the light reflection surface 1a.
- the specific light 21 introduced into the light transmission path 2 of the light transmission section 1 is transmitted to the actuator section 11
- the optical path arbitrarily based on an external signal such as the application of a voltage, light can be transmitted to different light transmission paths 4 and 5 to perform light switching.
- the traveling direction of the input light or the output light can be diversified, and the light reflecting surface 1a of the light transmitting unit 1 or the optical path changing unit can be provided for each input light 21.
- Eight light reflecting surfaces 10a can be reflected on the 10a and transmitted to specific output-side transmission paths 4 and 5 for each reflected light, so an extremely large number of optical paths can be arbitrarily selected for each specific light
- the optical switch can be realized.
- the light transmission paths 4, 5 are brought into contact with or separated from the light transmission section 1 by the optical path changing section 8.
- the light transmitting section 1 of the present invention is provided at least on a part of a surface 1d facing an optical path changing section 8 described later.
- a light reflection surface la, and light transmission paths 2, 4, and 5 formed of optical waveguides and provided in at least three directions starting from the light reflection surface 1a.
- the light reflecting surface 1a provided on the light transmitting unit 1 includes at least a part of a part 1b corresponding to the optical path changing unit 8 in a surface 1d facing the optical path changing unit 8 described later. There is a need. However, it may include the entire part 1b corresponding to the optical path changing unit 8, or may include a surface other than the part 1b corresponding to the optical path changing unit 8. However, in order to perform light switching without losing the input light, it is preferable to provide the entire portion 1 b corresponding to the optical path changing portion 8.
- the light transmission section is considered in consideration of the arrangement of the light transmission paths 2, 4, and 5 so that the light reflection surface 1a provided on the light transmission section 1 becomes the starting point of each of the light transmission paths 2, 4, and 5.
- the surface 1 d facing the optical path changing unit 8 it is necessary to include the surface on which the light 21 input to the light transmission path 2 is projected from the design. However, in the present invention, if the input light 21 includes a surface on which the light 21 is projected, it is not necessary that the entire surface 1 d of the light transmitting unit 1 facing the optical path changing unit 8 be the light reflecting surface 1 a. .
- the light transmission paths 2, 4, and 5 provided in the light transmission unit 1 according to the present invention include, for example, a single optical waveguide as shown in FIGS. 1 (a), (b) and FIG.
- a single optical waveguide as shown in FIGS. 1 (a), (b) and FIG.
- the light of the light transmitting unit 1 is provided.
- Light transmission paths 2, 4, and 5 are formed substantially at least in three directions starting from the reflection surface 1a.
- the light transmitting paths 2, 4, and 5 are preferably formed by the optical waveguide 1c.
- the light transmission paths 2, 4, and 5 are formed by the optical waveguide 1c, light is transmitted in a narrower space.
- signal attenuation which is a problem in telecommunications, can be greatly reduced.
- the optical fiber 16 and the like are bonded to the plurality of optical signal input terminals 43 and Z or the optical signal output terminals 44 of the optical transmission unit 1 using an adhesive or the like (not shown). Then, light is directly input / output between the optical fiber 16 and the optical transmission unit 1; or a plurality of optical signal input terminals 43 and / or optical signal output terminals of the optical transmission unit 1.
- a prism (not shown) may be provided in the unit 44 to input and output light between the optical fiber 6 and the like and the light transmitting unit 1 via this prism.
- a lens 7 such as a condenser lens or a collimator lens is arranged at a plurality of optical signal input terminals 43 and / or optical signal output terminals 44 of the optical transmission unit 1.
- a configuration in which light is input and output between the optical fiber and the like and the light transmitting unit 1 through the lens 7 is required to be input by divergence of light. Preferable in that it is possible to reduce the force loss.
- the light transmission paths 2, .4, and 5 (3) formed by the optical waveguides are not strictly restricted in a specific direction.
- the light is condensed by the condenser lens 7 and input / output to / from the light transmitting unit 1 is performed.
- the loss due to light divergence in the light transmission paths 2, 4, and 5 (3) is reduced by further shortening the optical path length.
- the thickness indicated by t in the figure specifically, it is preferable that the thickness be 1 mm or less, and it is more preferable that the thickness be 0.5 mm or less.
- the directions of the light transmission paths 2, 4, and 5 are determined by the relationship between the refractive index of the optical waveguides constituting the light transmission paths 2, 4, and 5 and the outside air (usually air), and the light reflection described later. It can be appropriately determined in relation to the reflection angle of the member 10. However, the directions in which the light transmission paths 2, 4, and 5 extend need only be appropriate in these relations.
- the light transmission paths 2a, 2b, and 4a , 4b, 5a, and 5b are composed of optical waveguides. Like the light transmission path 2a and the other input-side light transmission path 2b, the light transmission path can be extended without being parallel.
- Each optical transmission path 2a, 2b, 4a, 4b, 5a, 5b can be formed by combining an optical waveguide and a non-linear optical waveguide.
- the degree of freedom of the shape of the light transmission paths 2a, 2b, 4a, 4b, 5a, and 5b is high, and a smaller optical switch can be realized.
- the optical waveguides constituting the light transmission paths 2, 4, and 5 have a refractive index such that the introduced light can be confined and transmitted, and are made of a material having a single refractive index. However, it is preferable to use a material composed of two or more layers having different refractive indices in that light divergence in the laminating direction can be suppressed.
- each of the light transmission paths 2, 4, and 5 by an optical waveguide can easily create the light transmission paths 2, 4, and 5 having a complicated shape, and
- the optical waveguides can be easily coupled with each other, and in addition to the features of the above-described optical waveguide having a layered structure, the divergence of light in the layer can be suppressed, so that light with very low loss can be obtained. It is particularly preferable in that the transmission of the data becomes possible.
- optical waveguide means a light-transmitting material that is made of a light-transmitting material provided with a different refractive index distribution and that transmits light by confining light inside.
- optical waveguide examples include those made of glass, quartz, translucent plastic, translucent ceramics, etc., a multilayer body composed of multiple layers of materials having different refractive indexes, or a translucent material on the surface of the substrate. And the like provided with a coating layer.
- the refractive index is preferably from 1.3 to 1.8, and more preferably from 1.4 to 1.7.
- quartz glass glass such as alkali borosilicate glass, insulating crystal such as lithium niobate, yttrium iron gas net, and glass.
- impurities such as compound semiconductors such as rim arsenic and aluminum phosphorus; and plastics (polymers) such as polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and polyimide into materials similar to the substrates.
- PMMA polymethyl methacrylate
- methods for forming a film on the substrate include, for example, sputtering, vacuum deposition such as molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), chemical vapor deposition (CVD), liquid phase epitaxy (LPE), and vapor phase epitaxy. Method (VPE), and a thermal polymerization method used for forming a plastic layer.
- MBE molecular beam epitaxy
- CVD chemical vapor deposition
- LPE liquid phase epitaxy
- VPE vapor phase epitaxy.
- thermal polymerization method used for forming a plastic layer examples of the method for diffusing impurities and the like include an impurity ion implantation method and an impurity ion diffusion method.
- these methods may be repeated, and the number of layers may be appropriately selected depending on the purpose.
- a photolithography method or the like is used.
- a method of removing unnecessary portions by using a mask material; or a mask material is placed on the above-described substrate in advance so as to have predetermined light transmission paths 2, 4, and 5, and a film is formed or impurities are diffused. It can be carried out by a method or the like.
- the optical path changing unit 8 of the present invention is movably approached to the light reflecting surface 1 a of the light transmitting unit 1, and is made of a light-transmitting material.
- the light introducing member 9 and the light reflecting member 10 that totally reflects the light are input to the light transmitting path 2 when the light path changing unit 8 is brought into contact with the light transmitting unit 1.
- Light 21 is extracted to the light introducing member 9 and reflected by the light reflecting member 10, and is different from the light path that is reflected by the light reflecting surface 1 a of the light transmitting unit 1 and transmitted to one light transmitting path 4. You can switch to
- the switching of light can be performed by a mechanical operation of contacting or separating the light transmitting unit 1 due to displacement of the actuator unit 11 described later, It is possible to manufacture a miniaturized and highly integrated multi-channel optical switch without causing problems such as crosstalk. Furthermore, since the moving distance of the optical path changing unit 8 for switching is sufficient at the level of the wavelength of light, high-speed switching can be performed, and it is not necessary to move the optical path itself. Power consumption can be reduced.
- “approaching” to the light transmitting unit 1 means that the actuator unit 11 is in a non-operating state or an operating state, and the optical path changing unit 8 transmits the input light 21 from the light reflecting surface 1 a of the light transmitting unit 1.
- the optical path changing unit 8 is located at a distance longer than the wavelength of the input light 21 from the light transmitting unit 1 with the distance between the light transmitting unit 1 and the optical unit 11 opposite to the wavelength.
- the optical path changing unit 8 when the optical path changing unit 8 is in the state where the actuator unit 11 is operating, it enters from the light reflecting surface 1a of the light transmitting unit 1.
- the actuator section 11 when the actuator section 11 is inactive, the input light 21 from the light reflection surface 1a of the light transmission section 1 is located at a distance longer than the wavelength of the power light 21. Can be disposed at a distance equal to or less than the wavelength of
- the optical path changing unit 8 when the optical path changing unit 8 is in the operating state of the actuator unit 11, the optical path changing unit 8 is located at a distance less than the wavelength of the input light 21 from the light transmitting unit 1, and is not operated. In this state, the optical path changing unit 8 may be disposed so as to be located at a longer distance from the light transmitting unit 1 than the wavelength of the input light 21.
- the material of the light introducing member 9 is such that when the optical path changing unit 8 comes into contact with the light transmitting unit 1, the light can be extracted from the light transmitting unit 1 and returned to the light transmitting paths 4 and 5 of the light transmitting unit 1.
- the difference in the refractive index between the light transmitting section 1 and the light transmitting section 1 is smaller than the difference in the refractive index between the light transmitting section 1 and the outside air (usually air).
- a translucent material having a refractive index of light is more preferable. Examples of such a material include glass, quartz, translucent plastic, translucent resin, and translucent ceramic.
- a light-transmissive liquid may be interposed therebetween, and the light-transmissive liquid may constitute all or a part of the light introducing member.
- the translucent liquid can effectively reduce the gap between the light reflecting member 10 or the light introducing member 9 and the light transmitting unit 1, it is possible to easily control the change of the optical path.
- Examples of the translucent liquid include low vapor pressure organic solvents and oils.
- the difference between the refractive index of the liquid and the refractive index of the light transmitting unit 1 and the refractive index of the liquid The selection may be made in consideration of the difference from the refractive index of the light introducing member 9.
- a wall having an appropriate height for holding the translucent liquid is provided on the upper outer peripheral portion of the optical path changing section 8.
- a well-known technique such as providing a light-transmitting liquid, can be applied to the light-introducing member 9 by forming a concavo-convex portion or a porous portion, and impregnating the light-transmitting member 9 with a light-transmitting liquid.
- the method of holding is preferable.
- a volatile liquid is used as the translucent liquid, a structure in which the optical path changing section 8 is hermetically sealed with the light transmitting section 1 to prevent evaporation should be adopted. Is preferred.
- the light introducing member 9 of the present invention since the area of contact between the light introducing member 9 and the light reflecting surface 1a of the light transmitting section 1 defines the amount of light extracted to the light reflecting member 10,
- the surface 9a of the light introduction member facing the light transmission unit 1 is wider than the entire light reflection surface 1a of the light transmission unit 1 including the entire surface on which the light 21 input to the light transmission path 2 projects. Preferably, it is provided.
- the surface 9a of the light transmitting section 1 facing the light reflecting surface 1a is desirably smoother in order to secure a contact area with the light transmitting section 1.
- the flatness is 1 m or less, more preferably 0.5 m or less, and particularly preferably 0.1 jm or less.
- the flatness of the surface 9a of the light introducing member 9 facing the light reflecting surface 1a of the light transmitting unit 1 is determined in a state where the light introducing member 9 is in contact with the light reflecting surface 1a of the light transmitting unit 1. It is important to reduce the gap between the two, and the flatness is not necessarily limited to the above-mentioned flatness as long as the contact portion deforms in the contact state.
- the flatness of the surface 9 of the light introducing member 9 is set so that when the light introducing member 9 is brought into contact with the light reflecting surface 1 a of the light transmitting unit 1, the separating operation can be reliably performed. Is preferably 0.05 m or more, more preferably 0.015 m or more.
- the term “flatness” as used herein means both surface roughness and undulation.
- the thickness of the light introducing member 9 is preferably 50 m or less, more preferably 20 m or less, in order to reduce light loss.
- the light reflecting member 10 constituting the light path changing unit 8 in the present invention totally reflects the light extracted to the light introducing unit 9 as described above.
- the reflection angle of the light reflecting member 10 can be appropriately determined according to the configuration of the switch according to the application. For example, as shown in FIGS. 1 (a), (b), and (c), a predetermined angle is set.
- a plate-shaped light reflecting member 10 may be provided in a flat state at an angle of 0 °.
- the optical path indicated by a broken line indicates the optical path when the optical path changing unit 9 contacts the light transmitting unit 8.
- the reflection angle of the light reflecting member 10 is such that the light 21 input to the light transmission path 2 is converted into the light transmission path 4 on one output side.
- the reflection angle may be changed from the light path transmitted to the light reflection member 10 of the light path changing unit 8 to the light path transmitted to the other light transmission path 5 on the output side, as shown in FIG.
- the light (not shown) input to the light transmission path 2 on one input side is changed from the light path transmitted to the light transmission path 4 on the output side to the light input to the light transmission path 3 on the other input side.
- 21 may be a reflection angle for switching to an optical path transmitting to the optical transmission path 4 on the same output side.
- the light reflecting member 10 includes, for example, a plate-shaped reflector made of a light-reflective material provided with a desired inclination, and a light-reflective material provided with a desired inclination.
- a reflector such as a triangular prism or a quadrangular prism
- the surface of an electrode 16 described later is made light-reflective.
- the electrode 16 also has a function as a light reflecting member 10.
- a light reflecting film is formed on a base 10 c such as a triangular prism or a quadrangular prism.
- a light reflecting film 10b integrally formed on the surface of the displacement transmitting member 12 of the light guiding member 9 such as a triangular prism or a square prism was formed as shown in FIG. And the like.
- a light reflecting film 10b is formed on a base 10c such as a triangular prism or a quadrangular prism in that the reflection angle of the light reflecting member can be accurately set.
- a reflector such as a triangular prism or a quadrangular prism made of a light-reflective material having an inclined surface is preferable.
- the number of components can be reduced, the manufacturing cost can be reduced, and the contact accuracy between the optical path changing unit 8 and the light transmitting unit 1 can be improved. It is preferable that a light reflecting film 10b integrally formed on the surface of the light introducing member 9 such as a quadrangular prism on the side of the displacement transmitting member 12 be used, and the displacement transmitting member 12 be made of a flexible material.
- the light reflecting film 10b formed on the surface of the light introducing member 9 on the side of the displacement transmitting member 12 is different from the displacement transmitting member 12 formed on the displacement transmitting member 12. This is because the accuracy of the reflection angle cannot be maintained due to the characteristics of 1 and 2. Therefore, in such a light switch, it is preferable that the light introducing member 9 has such a hardness that the angle of the light reflecting member does not change by the operation of the actuator 11.
- a material having high light reflection efficiency is preferable.
- a single metal, alloy, glass, ceramics, rubber, organic resin, or the like may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- Aluminum, titanium, chromium, iron, cobalt, nickel, silver, copper, tin, tantalum, tungsten, iridium, platinum, lead, etc. be able to.
- two or more of these materials may be uniformly contained, but each is composed of one different material.
- a plurality of layers may be stacked.
- the entire light reflecting member 10 may be made of these materials, and as shown in FIG. 6, a light reflecting film 10b may be formed on the surface.
- Examples of a method for forming the light reflecting film 10b include a thin film forming method such as a vacuum evaporation method, a sputtering method, a plating method, an ion plating method, an ion beam method, and a CVD method.
- a thin film forming method such as a vacuum evaporation method, a sputtering method, a plating method, an ion plating method, an ion beam method, and a CVD method.
- the actuator section 11 in the present invention has a function of being displaced by an external signal and transmitting this displacement to the above-described optical path changing section 8, whereby the optical path changing section 8 is transmitted to the light transmitting section 1. Switching can be performed by mechanical operation such as contact or separation.
- the actuator part 11 may be made of an elastic body such as a panel panel, for example, but may be provided with a displacement transmitting member 12 provided as necessary because of its excellent controllability and high-speed response. And a piezoelectric Z electrostrictive element 14, a vibrating member 18, and a fixing member 19 are preferable.
- the actuator unit 11 of this type will be described in detail for each constituent member.
- the displacement transmitting member 12 is disposed between the optical path changing unit 8 and the piezoelectric / electrostrictive element 14 as necessary, and displaces the piezoelectric Z electrostrictive element 14 in the optical path. It is provided for the purpose of transmitting the light to the changing unit 8 and making the contact area between the light path changing unit 8 and the light transmitting unit 1 a predetermined size.
- a piezoelectric Z-electrostrictive element 14 that generates a bending displacement as shown in Figs. 1 and 5 is used, the magnitude of the displacement distributed in the piezoelectric Z-electrostrictive element 14 is averaged. This is extremely effective in uniformly contacting or separating the entire surface of the light path changing unit 8 with the light transmitting unit 1.
- the displacement transmitting member 12 preferably has a structure capable of contacting the piezoelectric element 14 with a large area so that the displacement of the piezoelectric electrostrictive element 14 can be effectively transmitted to the optical path changing portion 8. .
- a material having a hardness capable of directly transmitting the displacement of the piezoelectric / electrostrictive element 14 described later to the optical path changing unit 8 is preferable.
- the material include rubber, organic resins, organic adhesive films, and glass. Among them, an organic resin or an organic adhesive film made of an organic material such as an epoxy-based, acryl-based, silicone-based, or polyolefin-based material, or an organic adhesive film is preferable. Organic resin or organic adhesive film is more preferable.
- the displacement transmitting member 12 is usually provided by being laminated on a piezoelectric / electrostrictive element 14 to be described later.
- the laminating method include a method of laminating using an adhesive; A method of coating the material of the member as a solution, paste or slurry on the piezoelectric Z-electrostrictive element 14; a method of bonding an organic adhesive film by heating, etc., but a separate adhesive is not required. The method of bonding the organic adhesive film by heating is preferred.
- the layer of the displacement transmitting member 12 should be cut or cut out so that the shape of the piezoelectric Is preferably provided.
- the displacement transmitting member 12 has a structure in which the reflection angle of the light reflecting member 10 is maintained at a predetermined angle.
- member 13 is provided.
- an organic resin such as epoxy, acrylic, silicone, etc., alumina, zirconia, titania, glass, or two or more of these materials It is preferable to disperse a mixture of the above.
- the amount of the powder to be dispersed at this time is preferably 10 to 100 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the organic resin.
- the displacement transmitting member 12 is not always necessary, and as shown in FIG. 7, the piezoelectric / electrostrictive element is provided without providing the displacement transmitting member between the piezoelectric Z electrostrictive element 14 and the optical path changing section 8.
- the displacement of 14 may be directly transmitted to the light introducing member 9. No.
- the piezoelectric / electrostrictive element 14 includes a piezoelectric / electrostrictive layer 15 and at least one pair of electrodes 16 and 17 disposed on at least a part of the piezoelectric / electrostrictive layer 15. It is composed of Here, “piezoelectric electrostriction” means piezoelectric and / or electrostriction.
- the piezoelectric / electrostrictive element 14 generates displacement by applying a voltage to the electrodes 16 and 17, but the displacement of the piezoelectric Z electrostrictive element 14 is It is preferable that the displacement is expressed in the thickness direction of the piezoelectric / electrostrictive layer 15 in that the displacement and vibration can be transmitted to the optical path changing unit 8.
- the piezoelectric electrostrictive element 14 may have a structure having one piezoelectric Z electrostrictive layer 15 or a structure having a multilayered piezoelectric electrostrictive layer 15 such as two or three layers.
- a pair of electrodes 16 and 17 may be usually arranged for each piezoelectric Z-electrostrictive layer 15, respectively.
- a so-called laminated piezoelectric / electrostrictive element configured by alternately laminating the piezoelectric / electrostrictive layers 15 and the electrodes 16 and 17 can also be used.
- the material of the piezoelectric / electrostrictive layer 15 is preferably a piezoelectric ceramic, but may be an electrostrictive ceramic, a ferroelectric ceramic, an anti-ferroelectric ceramic, or the like. Materials that are not necessary may be used.
- the invention is not limited to ceramics, and may be a piezoelectric body made of a polymer such as PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride) or a composite of these polymers and ceramics.
- piezoelectric ceramics or electrostrictive ceramics lead zirconate, lead titanate, lead magnesium niobate, lead nickel niobate, lead zinc niobate, lead manganese niobate, lead antimony stannate, manganese tungstate Lead, lead cobalt niobate, barium titanate, sodium bismuth titanate, bismuth neodymium titanate (BNT), potassium sodium niobate, strontium bismuth tantalate, etc., alone or in a mixture or solid solution Ceramics contained as a body.
- These ceramics are preferably the main components that account for 50% by weight or more of the ceramic component constituting the piezoelectric Z electrostrictive body.
- a material containing lead zirconate titanate (PZT-based) as a main component has a high electromechanical coupling coefficient and piezoelectric constant, and is easy to obtain a stable material composition even after the firing step.
- Materials containing lead niobate (PMN) as the main component, materials containing lead nickel niobate (PNN) as the main component, and mixtures or solid solutions of lead zirconate, lead titanate and magnesium niobate A material mainly composed of a mixture or solid solution of lead zirconate, lead titanate and lead nickel niobate, or a material mainly composed of sodium bismuth titanate is preferably used.
- the above materials further include lanthanum, calcium, strontium, molybdenum, tungsten, barium, niobium, zinc, nickel, manganese, cerium, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, antimony, iron, yttrium, tantalum, Ceramics in which oxides such as lithium, bismuth, and tin are used alone or as a mixture may be used.
- lanthanum and strontium to a mixture of lead zirconate, lead titanate, and lead magnesium niobate, which are main components, it may be possible to adjust the coercive electric field and piezoelectric characteristics.
- antiferroelectric ceramic is used as the material of the piezoelectric Z electrostrictive layer 15, a material mainly composed of lead zirconate, a material mainly composed of lead zirconate and lead stannate, Preference is given to those containing lead zirconate as a main component and lanthanum oxide added, or those containing lead zirconate and lead stannate as main components and adding lead zirconate or lead diobate.
- the thickness of the piezoelectric electrostrictive layer 15 is preferably 5 to 100 m, more preferably 5 to 50 m, and particularly preferably 5 to 30 zm.
- the piezoelectric / electrostrictive layer 15 may be dense or porous. When it is porous, the porosity is preferably 40% or less.
- the first electrodes 16 and 17 are formed on at least a part of the surface of the piezoelectric / electrostrictive layer 15 on the optical path changing portion 8 side.
- the second electrode 17 is formed on at least a part of the surface of the piezoelectric / electrostrictive layer 15 on the substrate 20 side; as shown in FIG. 9, the optical path of the piezoelectric Z electrostrictive layer 15 is changed.
- the first and second electrodes 16 and 1 are provided on either or both surfaces of the portion 8 or the base 20 (FIG. 9 shows an optical switch formed on the surface of the optical path changing portion 8). One in which both 7 are formed in a comb shape can be mentioned.
- the electrodes 16 and 17 are generally made of a conductive metal that is solid at room temperature and is conductive, such as aluminum, titanium, chromium, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, niobium, and molybdenum. , Ruthenium, palladium, orifice, silver, tin, tantalum, tungsten, iridium, platinum, gold, or lead alone or an alloy consisting of two or more of these, alone or in combination of two or more It is preferable to use one that has been used.
- a mixture or cermet of these materials with aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide, silicon oxide, glass, or a piezoelectric electrostrictive material may be used.
- the materials of the first electrode 16 and the second electrode 17 it is preferable to select the materials of the first electrode 16 and the second electrode 17 according to the method of manufacturing the piezoelectric / electrostrictive element 14 described later.
- platinum and rhodium are resistant to electrodes formed before the piezoelectric electrostrictive layer 15 is heat-treated in a high-temperature oxidizing atmosphere when the piezoelectric electrostrictive layer 15 is heat-treated.
- a platinum group metal such as palladium, or a platinum group metal such as platinum, rhodium, or palladium, or a silver-platinum, platinum-palladium, or platinum-silver-palladium containing these platinum group metals.
- An electrode material containing an alloy as a main component is more preferable.
- a low-melting-point metal such as aluminum, gold, or silver can be used for the electrode formed after the piezoelectric / electrostrictive layer 15 is heat-treated.
- the piezoelectric / electrostrictive layer 15 has the optical path changing portion 8 side or the base 2
- the first electrode 16 and the second electrode 17 are formed on any surface on the 0 side.
- the first electrode 16 and the second electrode 1 7 are preferably formed of the same material.
- the electrodes 16 and 17 may have an appropriate thickness depending on the application, but preferably have a thickness of 0.1 to 50 m.
- the method of forming the piezoelectric electrostrictive element 14 on the vibrating member 18 is as follows: (1) The piezoelectric Z-electrostrictive layer 15 is formed by a press molding method using a die or a tape molding method using a slurry raw material. Before the precursor is formed and before firing the precursor of the piezoelectric / electrostrictive layer 15, the electrodes 16 and 17 are formed in advance by a film forming method, and then the vibrating member 18 before firing is formed. A method of laminating by thermocompression bonding and firing simultaneously; (1) A precursor of the piezoelectric electrostrictive layer 15 is formed by a press forming method using a mold or a tape forming method using a slurry raw material.
- the electrodes 16 and 17 are formed in advance by a film forming method, and then fired to form the piezoelectric Z electrostrictive element 14 on which the electrodes 16 and 17 are formed.
- the piezoelectric Z electrostrictive element 14 after firing is bonded to a base body 20 in which the vibrating member 18 and the fixing member 19 are integrated by firing.
- the second electrode 17, the piezoelectric Z electrostrictive layer 15, and the first electrode 16 are formed in this order on the fired vibration member 18 by the film formation method 3, and all the layers 17, 17 are formed.
- the method of baking simultaneously after forming 15 and 16 or the method of baking each time forming each layer 17, 15 and 16 can be mentioned. Among them, the method of 3 is preferable.
- the “precursor” is a material having a material constituting the piezoelectric electrostrictive layer 15 as a main component and which becomes a piezoelectric electrostrictive body by heat treatment or firing.
- a precursor of an electrode or the like described later also means an electrode or the like by heat treatment or the like.
- the film forming method examples include a thick film method such as screen printing, dipping, electrophoresis, spraying, or coating; or ion beam, sputtering, vacuum deposition, ion plating, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), or plating. And the like.
- a thick film method such as screen printing is preferable.
- the thick film method such as screen printing forms the piezoelectric / electrostrictive layer 15 using a paste slurry mainly composed of ceramic particles, in addition to being able to simultaneously form the leads and terminal pads leading to the electrodes. And good piezoelectric properties can be obtained.
- the piezoelectric Z-electrostrictive element 14 and the vibration member 18 can be integrally joined without using an inorganic or organic adhesive, the reliability and reproducibility are excellent and the integration is improved. It also has the advantage of being easily converted.
- a predetermined pattern may be formed by a screen printing method, a photolithography method, or the like, and a machine such as a laser processing method, slicing, or ultrasonic processing.
- the pattern may be formed by removing unnecessary portions using a processing method, but a screen printing method is preferable from an industrial viewpoint.
- the electrodes 16 and 17 may be formed through the through holes 46 as shown in FIG.
- the firing temperature of the formed film is appropriately determined depending on the material constituting the film.
- the firing temperature is 500 ⁇ X: to 140 ° C.
- the piezoelectric / electrostrictive layer 1 For 5 a temperature of 100 ° C. to 140 ° C. is preferred.
- the shape of the piezoelectric / electrostrictive layer 15 to be created, the first electrode 16 and the second electrode 17 may be any shape depending on the application, for example, a triangle, a square, etc. Examples include curved shapes such as polygons, circles, ellipses, and rings, comb shapes, lattice shapes, and special shapes obtained by combining these.
- the piezoelectric / electrostrictive layer 15, the first electrode 16, and the second electrode 17 formed on the base 20 are used for forming the respective layers 17, 15, 16.
- heat treatment may be performed to form an integral structure with the substrate 20, or after forming all the layers 17, 15, 16, these layers 17, 15, 16 May be simultaneously heat-treated to be integrated with the substrate 20.
- the first electrode 16 or the second electrode 17 is formed by the thin film method, these electrodes are integrated. Therefore, heat treatment is not necessarily required.
- the piezoelectric electrostrictive element 34 functions as an anode layer 22 in which a plurality of layers functioning as an anode are connected, and as a cathode.
- the cathode layer 23 in which a plurality of layers are connected is alternately stacked with the piezoelectric / electrostrictive layer 24 interposed therebetween.
- the piezoelectric electrostrictive element 34 can use displacements in the Y direction, which is a lamination direction, and the X direction, which is a direction perpendicular to the lamination direction.
- the piezoelectric Z-electrostrictive element 34 is moved from the X direction, which is the direction perpendicular to the stacking direction.
- the shape be long in the Y direction, which is the laminating direction. This is because, when the displacement direction Z is the Y direction, which is the stacking direction, the displacement amount is the sum of the displacement amounts in the thickness direction of each piezoelectric / electrostrictive layer 24.
- the piezoelectric Z it is preferable that the X direction, which is a direction perpendicular to the laminating direction, be long. This is because, when the displacement direction Z is in the X direction, the displacement amount is proportional to the length of each piezoelectric layer 21 in the X direction.
- the direction different from the displacement direction Z that is, the X direction in the piezoelectric / electrostrictive element 34 shown in FIG. 10 (a), and the Y direction in the piezoelectric Z electrostrictive element 34 shown in FIG. 10 (b). If the dimension is large, the stress of the strain in that direction will increase, which will affect the onset of the main displacement (displacement in the displacement direction Z).
- the precursor 25 of the piezoelectric / electrostrictive layer was formed by the above-described press forming method or the tape forming method using a slurry raw material, and the obtained piezoelectric Z electrostrictive layer was formed.
- the precursor 25 is formed by a film forming method such as a screen printing method.
- these composite precursors 255 and 256 are alternately laminated and pressed to obtain a laminate 26 having a predetermined number of each layer, and the laminate 26 is fired.
- the fired body of the obtained laminated body 26 is subjected to cutting processing, so that each of the electrode layers 22 and 23 is positioned parallel to the laminating direction, and each of the two opposing surfaces is opposed to each other. Or only one of them is exposed.
- the connecting layers 22a and 23a are formed on the respective surfaces from which the electrode layers 22 and 23 are exposed by a film forming method such as the above-described screen printing method, and then fired.
- the laminated piezoelectric / electrostrictive element 34 obtained in this manner is further cut in the laminating direction so as to leave a portion serving as a common fixing member 19 at a constant interval.
- a plurality of laminated piezoelectric / electrostrictive elements 34 can be easily formed on the same fixing member 19.
- the fixing member 19 can be shared, and the vibration member 18 is not necessarily required, so that the number of switch parts can be reduced.
- connection layers 22 a and 23 a is formed separately for each element.
- the laminate 26 may be formed by a screen printing method instead of the press molding method, the tape molding method, or the like.
- the electrode layers 22 and 23 constituting a part of 4 are metals that are particularly resistant in a high-temperature oxidizing atmosphere when the piezoelectric Z electrostrictive layer 24 is heat-treated at the same time or at the same temperature.
- the cutting step of exposing these electrode layers 22 and 23 may be performed on the laminate 26 before firing.
- the connection layers 22 a and 23 a formed after the firing of the laminate 26 may be formed of a material different from that of the electrode layers 22 and 23. Except for the matters described above, the description is the same as that described for the normal piezoelectric / electrostrictive element, and the description thereof is omitted here.
- the vibrating member 18 of the present invention is in contact with at least a part of the piezoelectric Z electrostrictive element 14 to support the piezoelectric electrostrictive element 14 and convert the distortion of the piezoelectric / electrostrictive layer into a bending displacement or vibration. Things.
- the vibrating member 18 is preferably plate-shaped in terms of a shape that easily vibrates in the direction of the light transmitting unit 1.
- the thickness of the vibrating member 18 is the same as that of the piezoelectric Z electrostrictive layer 15 described above. Is preferably the same dimension as the thickness. This makes it easier for the vibration member 18 to follow the firing shrinkage of the piezoelectric Z electrostrictive layer 15, so that the piezoelectric Z electrostrictive layer 15 or the electrode layers 16 and 17 and the vibration member 18 The stress is reduced at the interface and can be easily integrated.
- the thickness is preferably from 1 to 100 m, more preferably from 3 to 50 / zm, and particularly preferably from 5 to 20 m. Good.
- the ratio of the thickness to the piezoelectric / electrostrictive layer 15 is preferably 1: 0.5 to 1:10, and 1: 1 to 1: 5. It is more preferable that
- the vibrating member 18 directly supports the piezoelectric Z electrostrictive element 14 without interposing any material such as an inorganic or organic adhesive in consideration of deterioration with time, heat resistance, and weather resistance. Is preferred.
- the material forming the vibration member 18 is preferably a highly heat-resistant material so that the vibration member 18 is not deteriorated when the piezoelectric Z electrostrictive layer 15 is formed. Further, when the electrodes 16 and 17 of the piezoelectric Z electrostrictive element 14 directly supported by the vibration member 18 and the leads and lead terminals connected thereto are formed on the surface of the vibration member 18, the electrodes To ensure electrical isolation of 16 and 17 etc. Preferably.
- a high heat-resistant metal or a material made of an enamel or the like whose metal surface is coated with a ceramic such as glass, a material made of a ceramic, and the like can be used.
- a material made of a ceramic is preferable.
- Ceramics constituting the vibration member 18 include stabilized zirconium oxide, aluminum oxide, magnesium oxide, mullite, aluminum nitride, silicon nitride, and glass.
- Zirconium oxide is preferable in terms of high mechanical strength, high toughness, low chemical reactivity with the piezoelectric / electrostrictive layer and electrodes, and further contains 0.1 to 5 mol% of aluminum oxide. Is more preferable.
- the stabilized zirconium oxide includes stabilized zirconium oxide and partially stabilized zirconium oxide, and has a crystal structure such as a cubic system, and thus does not cause a phase transition. Before and after the phase transition between monoclinic and tetragonal, this phase transition is distinguished from zirconium oxide, which may cause cracks.
- the stabilized zirconium oxide examples include those containing 1 to 30 mol% of a stabilizer such as calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, yttrium oxide, scandium oxide, ytterbium oxide, cerium oxide, or an oxide of a rare earth metal.
- a stabilizer such as calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, yttrium oxide, scandium oxide, ytterbium oxide, cerium oxide, or an oxide of a rare earth metal.
- a stabilizer such as calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, yttrium oxide, scandium oxide, ytterbium oxide, cerium oxide, or an oxide of a rare earth metal.
- a stabilizer such as calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, yttrium oxide, scandium oxide, ytterbium oxide, cerium oxide, or an oxide of a rare earth metal.
- one containing 1.5 to 6 mol% of yttrium oxide is preferable, and one containing 2 to 4 mol% is more preferable.
- the crystal phase of the ceramic constituting the vibration member 18 is a mixed phase of cubic and monoclinic, a mixed phase of tetragonal and monoclinic, or a mixed phase of cubic and tetragonal + monoclinic.
- those having a main crystal phase of tetragonal or a mixed phase of tetragonal and cubic are preferred in view of strength, toughness and durability.
- the vibrating member 18 When the vibrating member 18 is made of ceramics, a large number of crystal grains constitute the vibrating member 18. However, the average grain size of the crystal grains is set to 0.05 in order to increase the mechanical strength of the vibrating member 18. To 2 m is preferred, and 0.1 to 1 m is more preferred.
- the fixing member 19 will be described. The fixing member 19 in the present invention fixes at least a part of the vibration member 18 so that the vibration member 18 can vibrate.
- the fixing member 19 is preferably made of ceramic, but may be the same ceramic as the material of the vibration member 18 or a different ceramic.
- stabilized ceramics such as zirconium oxide, aluminum oxide, magnesium oxide, titanium oxide, mullite, spinel, aluminum nitride, silicon nitride, or glass are preferable.
- zirconium oxide is mainly used. Ceramics containing aluminum oxide as a main component or ceramics containing these mixtures as a main component are more preferable.
- a firing aid So-called clay or the like may be added as an agent, but when the piezoelectric Z-electrostrictive element 14 is formed directly on the vibrating material 18 by firing, silicon oxide, boron oxide, or the like is contained in the ceramic.
- the component which is easily vitrified is not excessively contained.
- An excessively vitrified component is advantageous for bonding to the piezoelectric Z-electrostrictive element 14, but promotes the reaction between the vibrating member 18 during firing and the piezoelectric / electrostrictive layer and Since it becomes difficult to maintain the composition of the piezoelectric / electrostrictive layer, it may cause deterioration of device characteristics.
- it is preferable to adjust the content of the easily vitrified substance such as silicon oxide and boron oxide in the substrate to 3% by weight or less, and to adjust the content to 1% by weight or less. Is more preferred.
- the vibration member 18 and the fixed member 19 integrally form a base body 20 made of ceramics.
- the vibration member 18 has a thin-walled structure, and the recess 20 shown in FIG. a or a void 20 b shown in FIG. 2 or the like (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “recess 20 a, etc.” for convenience of description).
- the vibrating member 18 and the fixing member 19 do not necessarily have to be integrally formed.
- the fixing member 19 made of metal such as stainless steel or iron
- the vibrating member 18 which is a mix may be fixed. In this case, a method of metallizing the surface of the vibration member 18 and brazing the obtained metallized layer to the metal fixing member 19 can be used.
- the substrate is composed of the same material as the piezoelectric electrostrictive layer. More preferably, both are the same material. If the base is made of such a material, it can be easily integrated with the piezoelectric electrostrictive layer by heat treatment or firing.
- the shape of the concave portion 20a or the like formed in the base 20 There is no particular limitation on the shape of the concave portion 20a or the like formed in the base 20.
- a circular shape, an elliptical shape, or a polygonal shape such as a square or a rectangle, or a composite shape obtained by combining these shapes It may be.
- the corners it is preferable that the corners be rounded.
- the thickness (height) of the recess 20a is not particularly limited, and may be thick or thin. Normally, the thickness is determined according to the purpose of use of the empty space. However, it is preferable that the thickness is not excessively large for the functioning of the actuator unit and is small. In particular, when it is configured as an empty space, it is preferable that the displacement is approximately the same as the displacement of the actuator used. With such a configuration, the bending of the vibrating member is limited by the bottom of the cavity adjacent to the bending direction, and the effect of preventing the vibrating member from being broken by an unintended external force is obtained. Can be Also, it is possible to stabilize the displacement of the actuator part to a specific value by using the effect of limiting the deflection.
- the thickness of the actuator portion itself is reduced and the bending rigidity can be reduced, the warpage of the self itself can be effectively corrected when bonding and fixing the light transmission portion hair actuator portion.
- the reliability of bonding and fixing can be improved.
- the amount of raw materials used in manufacturing can be reduced, which is an advantageous structure from the viewpoint of manufacturing cost, and also an advantageous structure for reducing the weight of the factory.
- the thickness of the specific space 2 Ob is preferably 3 to 50 m. More preferably, it is preferably 3 to 20 xm.
- the fixing member 19 is disposed so as to surround the outer periphery of the vibration member 18. However, it is not necessary to hold the vibration member 18 over the entire circumference. As shown in FIG. 7, the vibration member 18 may be provided so as to hold at least a part thereof.
- Examples of a method of forming the base body 20 by firing and integrating the vibration member 18 and the fixing member 19 include a method in which a green sheet or green tape forming layer is laminated by thermocompression bonding or the like and then fired. be able to.
- a predetermined layer is formed such that the concave portions 20a and the like are formed in the second layer.
- the method of providing the concave portion 20a or the like by the mechanical processing described above can be cited.
- a gap forming member 45 is provided on the base body 20, while maintaining a distance between the light transmitting section 1 and the optical path changing section 8, It is preferable that the light transmitting section 1 and the base 20 are fixed. At this time, as shown in FIG. 12, the gap forming member 45 may be formed on the entire surface of the base body 20 except for the region where the piezoelectric Z electrostrictive element 14 is provided. It is preferable to form them in a pattern because the distance from the optical path changing portion 8 can be made uniform.
- the optical switch in the present invention may be one in which one optical path changing unit 8 is brought into contact with or separated from the light transmitting unit 1 by one displacement of the actuator unit 11 as described above.
- One optical path changing unit 8 may be brought into contact with or separated from the light transmitting unit 1 by the displacement of the overnight unit 11.
- the multi-channel optical switch includes the above-described optical switch, At least, there is a light transmitting unit, an optical path changing unit, and an actuator unit, and the light transmitting unit is provided on at least a part of a surface facing the optical path changing unit, and is a light reflecting surface that totally reflects light. And a light transmission path composed of an optical waveguide provided at least in three directions from the light reflection surface as a starting point, wherein the light path changing unit is movable to the light reflection surface of the light transmission unit. And a light introducing member made of a translucent material, and a light reflecting member for totally reflecting light.
- the actuator section is displaced by an external signal, and this displacement is changed by an optical path changing section.
- the optical path changing unit is brought into contact with or separated from the light reflecting surface of the light transmitting unit by the displacement of the actuator unit according to the external signal, and the light input to the light transmitting path is The specific light transmission on the output side is totally reflected by the light reflection surface of the transmission section.
- An optical switch that switches between an optical path to be transmitted to the optical path and another optical path that takes out the light input to the optical transmission path to the light introducing member, totally reflects the light from the light reflecting member, and transmits the light to a specific optical transmission path on the output side.
- the components of the multi-channel optical switch according to the present invention are the same as those already described for the optical switch. Therefore, description of each component is omitted here, and a specific mode for multi-channeling is shown.
- multi-channel optical switch means that there are a plurality of locations for switching light by switching the optical path by the light reflecting surface of the light transmitting unit and the light reflecting member of the optical path changing unit.
- the “multi-channel optical switch” mentioned here includes those in which the above-described components are shared among the optical switches.
- FIG. 12 for example, a plurality of optical switches as shown in FIGS. Switching of the light transmitted to the two or more output light transmission paths 4 and 5 by arbitrarily switching the optical path of the input light, or each light input to the two or more input light transmission paths 2 and 3
- a multi-channel optical switch that switches the optical path arbitrarily and switches the light transmitted to one output-side optical transmission path 4.
- the input side and the output side are simply distinguished with respect to the traveling direction of light, so even if the configuration is the same, reversing the traveling direction will change the name of the input / output.
- each light transmission path 2a to 2c, 4a to 4c, 5a to 5c in a plurality of optical switches is A multi-channel optical switch formed in the transmission section 1 can be mentioned.
- the light transmission paths 2a to 2c, 4a to 4c, and 5a to 5c can be arranged close to each other. It is preferable to form 2c, 4a to 4c, and 5a to 5c with an optical waveguide.
- the light transmission paths in the plurality of optical switches are crossed with each other, and a part of each light transmission path 2 a to 2 c, 4 a to 4 c, and 5 a to 5 c is shared so that the light is transmitted. Higher miniaturization and integration of the switch can be achieved.
- a plurality of optical switches 51 include one input-side path 2 a to 2 c and a plurality of output-side paths 4 a to 4 c. c, 5 a to 5 c, and one output-side light transmission path 4 a, 4 b, 4 c and one input-side light transmission path between adjacent optical switches 51.
- 2a, 2b, and 2c are connected to each other, and the light input from the input end of one optical switch is switched by each optical path changing unit of a plurality of optical switches including one optical switch
- a multi-channel optical switch can be mentioned.
- the optical transmission paths 2a, 2b, 2c, 4a, 4b, and 4c are formed by optical waveguides, and signal loss in optical transmission is small.
- the entire light transmission section is formed of an optical waveguide (excluding the optical waveguide) of the same material, and in a practical sense, the specific light transmission paths 2a to 2a 2c, 4a to 4c, and 5a to 5c are formed, which has an advantage that design is easy.
- the light input from the input end 43 is switched by the optical path changing sections 8a, 8b, 8c (not shown in FIG. 15) of the plurality of optical switches. The light is output from the output ends 44a, 44b and 44c and transmitted to an external light transmission path.
- a plurality of optical switches 51 are connected to one output-side optical transmission path 4a, 4b between adjacent optical switches 51.
- the one input-side optical transmission path 2b, 2c is connected by an optical fiber 6, and the light input from the input end of at least one optical switch is changed to the optical path of a plurality of optical switches.
- a multi-channel optical switch that performs switching in a section can be cited.
- the entire light transmitting section can be integrally formed by an optical waveguide (excluding the optical waveguide) of the same material.
- This has the advantage that the design is easy, and the light is transmitted through the optical fiber, so that the divergence of light can be suppressed as compared with the multi-channel optical switch shown in FIG.
- this multi-channel optical switch it is preferable to integrally form the light transmitting portions 1 of the respective optical switches 51 in terms of facilitating the design.
- the light transmitting portions 1 of the respective optical switches 51 are individually formed. It may be formed independently.
- FIG. 17 a multi-channel optical switch in which a plurality of multi-channel optical switches shown in FIGS. it can.
- this multi-channel optical switch a plurality of optical signal input terminals and / or optical signal output terminals can be easily provided, so that a large-scale multi-channel optical switch can be easily manufactured.
- the structure is simple, there is an advantage that miniaturization is easy.
- the output ends 44a, 44b and 44c can be shared, so that any input optical signal can be selected and light can be transmitted to an arbitrary signal path. It has the advantage of being able to switch.
- an optical A splitter (not shown; if connected to the input end 43, an optical splitter having the same configuration as that of 36a etc.) can be combined.
- the same optical signal can be used as an optical switch for branch transmission to an arbitrary output destination.
- the optical couplers 36a to 36c or optical splitters are those that converge the optical transmission path at one point as shown in Fig. 18 and the core as shown in Fig.
- each of the optical coupling paths 37a to 37c, etc. is oblique to the light traveling direction of the main light transmission paths 38a to 38c. Any of those connected in the direction may be used.
- the substrate 39 provided with the groove corresponding to each of the main light transmission paths 38a to 38c is connected to each of the main light transmission paths. It is preferable to dispose the grooves corresponding to the paths 38a to 38c.
- a configuration may be adopted in which an optical demultiplexer or an optical multiplexer is coupled to the input end 43 or the output end 44.
- a plurality of optical signals having different wavelengths are provided. Can be demultiplexed or multiplexed to form an optical switch that transmits each optical signal to an arbitrary path.
- each multi-channel optical switch 41 shown in FIGS. 14 to 16 described above are provided, and each multi-channel optical switch 41 Each output end 4 4a, 4 4b, 4 4c At least a part of each multi-channel optical switch is arranged in an arc around the input end of the external light transmission path 53, which is disposed separately from each multi-channel optical switch 41.
- the multi-channel optical switch in which the multi-channel optical switch is disposed can also be cited.
- Output light can be transmitted to a common optical transmission path.However, since there is no need to couple the optical transmission paths by physical means, does the signal loss occur at the coupling section? It has the advantage of being extremely small.
- each multi-channel optical switch 41 may be arranged at various positions according to the purpose and application. For example, as shown in FIG. Of the output ends, each of the output ends 44a, 44b, 44c provided at the same position may be positioned in an arc around the input end of the external light transmission path 53. it can. In addition, for example, only one of the output ends 44 a among the output ends may be positioned in an arc around the input end of the external light transmission path 53.
- each output terminal 44 it is preferable to dispose a lens 7 at a, 44b, and 44c. Further, the input end of the external light transmission path 53 is also provided with a lens 7 according to the external light transmission path 53 to be applied. Is preferably provided.
- the multi-channel optical switch 41 shown in FIGS. Another example is a multi-channel optical switch formed by connecting a plurality of input ends 43a, 43b and 43c of another similar multi-channel optical switch 42.
- this multi-channel optical switch is also connected to each output end of a plurality of different multi-channel optical switches. Although the output light is transmitted to a common optical transmission path, the optical transmission path is configured by directly connecting each optical signal input end or optical signal output end of each multi-channel optical switch. Compared with the multi-channel optical switch shown in FIGS. 18 and 19, it has advantages such as easy downsizing.
- an optical fiber 146 as shown in FIG. 20 is preferable in terms of a small loss of light.
- a spherical lens 47 may be used. However, in the case of coupling with the spherical lens 47, it is necessary to adjust the angle of incidence on the spherical lens 47 and the refractive index of the lens. In addition, since the loss of light is relatively large in principle, it is preferable to amplify by attaching an optical amplifier or the like.
- FIG. 26 a plurality of the multi-channel optical switches 41 shown in FIGS. 14 to 16 described above and a plurality of grooves in the base 48 a are provided.
- An optical waveguide substrate 48 provided with optical waveguides 49a to 49f, each output end (not shown) of each multi-channel optical switch 41, and each optical waveguide 4 of the optical waveguide substrate 48. 9a to 49f, and a multi-channel optical switch.
- the opening area of the optical waveguide can be increased by adjusting the depth or width of the groove in the optical waveguide substrate 48, so that the signal source (light source) such as a laser or an LED or a fiber can be used. Can be easily combined.
- the signal source such as a laser or an LED or a fiber
- the coupling is easy, the loss of light is relatively large due to the various angles of incidence and emission. Therefore, in applications to long-distance communication, it is preferable to add an optical amplifier and the like.
- the base 48a itself in which grooves having a relatively large depth provided at a predetermined pitch are formed in the base 48a is configured as a clad, and the groove is formed of a light-transmitting material.
- the optical waveguide core 50b may be formed of a resin or the like, but a cladding layer made of a material having a slightly smaller refractive index than the material of the optical waveguide core is formed on the surface of the groove in advance, and the light transmitting property is increased.
- An optical waveguide core made of resin It is also preferable to dispose it in the groove in an upright state.
- the substrate and / or the optical waveguide cladding material can be used as the substrate and / or the optical waveguide cladding material.
- the base material preferably has a refractive index larger than that of the clad so as to reduce light loss.
- the coupling between the multi-channel optical switch 41 and the optical waveguide substrate 48 may be brought into direct contact with the above-described optical fiber, spherical lens, or the like.
- At least one of the plurality of optical switches 51 has at least one of the plurality of input paths 2a to 2c and 3a to 3c. And at least one or more optical switches 52 having a plurality of output paths 4a to 4c and 5a to 5c, and one of the adjacent optical switches 51.
- the output side light transmission paths 4 a to 4 e are connected to one input side light transmission path 2 a to 2 e, and input from the input ends 4 3 a to 4 3 d of the plurality of optical switches 51.
- a multi-channel optical switch that switches the light thus obtained by the optical path changing units 8a to 8f of the plurality of optical switches 51 can be given.
- each of the optical path changing sections 8a to 8 ⁇ has at least two or more types of light reflection angles between each of the optical path changing sections 8a to 8f.
- a to 8 f 8 & to 8 and 8 (1 to 8 light reflecting surfaces are symmetrical with respect to each other.
- Light reflection angle (for example, the relationship between 30 ° and 150 ° corresponds to For example, when the optical path changing units 8a, 8b, and 8c are separated from the light transmitting unit 1, the light is reflected from the input end 43a.
- the light travels along the light transmission path toward the light path changing section 8 d to 8 mm, and the light path changes to the light transmission path 5 d toward the output end 44 a at the light path changing section 8 d contacting the light transmitting section 1. It is switched and transmitted to the external light transmission path from the output end 44 a.
- the input end 43 b is Input Light is switched to the optical path to the optical transmission path 4 a toward the optical path changing unit 8 b proceeds light transmission path toward the optical path changing unit 8 d ⁇ 8 f, similarly light transmitting section 1
- the light transmission path 5 d to 5 d toward one of the output ends 44 a to 44 d corresponding to the optical path changing section 8 d to 8 f The optical path is switched to f, and transmitted from any of the output ends 44a to 44d to an external light transmission path.
- each light input to the plurality of input ends 43 a to 43 d in one light transmission unit 1 is scattered depending on the operation state of the plurality of optical path changing units. Since it is possible to realize an MXN-type optical switch that is transmitted to one of the output terminals 4a to 44d, there is an advantage that it is extremely advantageous for miniaturization and high integration.
- optical signals can be input from each input end 43 and each optical signal can be processed in parallel. In this multi-channel optical switch, the input of the optical signal to each optical input terminal 43 (43a to 43d) requires a certain time difference.
- multi-channel optical switch of the present invention has been described mainly for optical communication, an application to an optical printer will be described as an application example other than optical communication.
- FIG. 22 is an explanatory diagram schematically showing an embodiment in which the multi-channel optical switch of the present invention is applied to an optical printer.
- this optical printer employs the above-described multi-channel optical switch 41 as a printer head 61 and forms a printer head 61 comprising the multi-channel optical switch 41.
- a lens 63 disposed in the output direction of each output end 44 of the multi-channel optical switch 41 for condensing light 21 output from each output end 44;
- a photosensitive drum 62 that forms a latent image with the light 21 condensed by 3.
- Such an optical printer can have a configuration in which a laser and a light source are arranged substantially in an array. Therefore, like a conventional laser printer, an optical system such as a polygon mirror and a lens attached thereto is used. The parts can be omitted, and the size can be significantly reduced, and the cost can be reduced by reducing the number of parts.
- the light source does not dispose each light source for each desired dot and forms a latent image by the light output from each light source. In this case, the light from the light source is switched for each output end provided for each dot by switching, and a latent image is formed by the light output from each output end. Therefore, there is no light quantity unevenness for each dot, and there is no problem such as a so-called light quantity decrease caused by a temperature rise when used for a long time.
- an optical printer having a desired resolution can be obtained by appropriately adjusting the intervals at which the output terminals 44 of the multi-channel optical switch 41 constituting the printer head 61 are provided. Can easily respond to higher resolutions
- the problem of the conventional optical switch can be solved, the power consumption can be reduced, high-speed response can be achieved, miniaturization and high integration can be achieved, and signal attenuation can be achieved.
- Optical communication system, optical storage device, optical operation device, optical recording device, optical printer, etc. A switch can be provided. '
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Mechanical Light Control Or Optical Switches (AREA)
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP01272271A EP1253458B1 (en) | 2000-12-22 | 2001-12-20 | Optical switch |
JP2002553170A JPWO2002052327A1 (ja) | 2000-12-22 | 2001-12-20 | 光スイッチ |
DE60140655T DE60140655D1 (de) | 2000-12-22 | 2001-12-20 | Optischer schalter |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2000-391715 | 2000-12-22 | ||
JP2000391715 | 2000-12-22 | ||
JP2001056740 | 2001-03-01 | ||
JP2001-56740 | 2001-03-01 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2002052327A1 true WO2002052327A1 (fr) | 2002-07-04 |
Family
ID=26606455
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2001/011211 WO2002052328A1 (fr) | 2000-12-22 | 2001-12-20 | Commutateur optique |
PCT/JP2001/011210 WO2002052327A1 (fr) | 2000-12-22 | 2001-12-20 | Commutateur optique |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2001/011211 WO2002052328A1 (fr) | 2000-12-22 | 2001-12-20 | Commutateur optique |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
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EP (2) | EP1253458B1 (ja) |
JP (2) | JPWO2002052327A1 (ja) |
DE (2) | DE60140655D1 (ja) |
WO (2) | WO2002052328A1 (ja) |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH11326791A (ja) * | 1998-05-13 | 1999-11-26 | Seiko Epson Corp | 空間光変調装置および空間光変調装置の制御方法 |
US6154586A (en) * | 1998-12-24 | 2000-11-28 | Jds Fitel Inc. | Optical switch mechanism |
Family Cites Families (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3520595A (en) * | 1968-02-29 | 1970-07-14 | North American Rockwell | Optical beam angle generator |
US5185824A (en) * | 1991-10-29 | 1993-02-09 | At&T Bell Laboratories | Optical switch incorporating molded optical waveguide elements |
US5221987A (en) * | 1992-04-10 | 1993-06-22 | Laughlin Richard H | FTIR modulator |
JP3187669B2 (ja) * | 1994-04-01 | 2001-07-11 | 日本碍子株式会社 | ディスプレイ素子及びディスプレイ装置 |
US5875271A (en) * | 1994-05-27 | 1999-02-23 | Optical Switch Corporation | Apparatus for switching optical signals and method of operation |
US5771321A (en) * | 1996-01-04 | 1998-06-23 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Micromechanical optical switch and flat panel display |
US5699462A (en) * | 1996-06-14 | 1997-12-16 | Hewlett-Packard Company | Total internal reflection optical switches employing thermal activation |
AU5156198A (en) * | 1996-10-29 | 1998-05-22 | Xeotron Corporation | Optical device utilizing optical waveguides and mechanical light-switches |
JP3787983B2 (ja) * | 1997-06-18 | 2006-06-21 | セイコーエプソン株式会社 | 光スイッチング素子、画像表示装置及び投射装置 |
US6137930A (en) * | 1998-07-08 | 2000-10-24 | Optical Switch Corporation | Method and apparatus for aligning optical fibers |
-
2001
- 2001-12-20 WO PCT/JP2001/011211 patent/WO2002052328A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2001-12-20 JP JP2002553170A patent/JPWO2002052327A1/ja active Pending
- 2001-12-20 JP JP2002553171A patent/JP4433673B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-12-20 DE DE60140655T patent/DE60140655D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-12-20 WO PCT/JP2001/011210 patent/WO2002052327A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2001-12-20 DE DE60140731T patent/DE60140731D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-12-20 EP EP01272271A patent/EP1253458B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-12-20 EP EP01272272A patent/EP1258770B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH11326791A (ja) * | 1998-05-13 | 1999-11-26 | Seiko Epson Corp | 空間光変調装置および空間光変調装置の制御方法 |
US6154586A (en) * | 1998-12-24 | 2000-11-28 | Jds Fitel Inc. | Optical switch mechanism |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See also references of EP1253458A4 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1253458B1 (en) | 2009-12-02 |
EP1258770A1 (en) | 2002-11-20 |
EP1253458A4 (en) | 2005-11-09 |
DE60140655D1 (de) | 2010-01-14 |
EP1258770A4 (en) | 2005-11-09 |
EP1253458A1 (en) | 2002-10-30 |
JPWO2002052327A1 (ja) | 2004-04-30 |
DE60140731D1 (de) | 2010-01-21 |
JP4433673B2 (ja) | 2010-03-17 |
EP1258770B1 (en) | 2009-12-09 |
WO2002052328A1 (fr) | 2002-07-04 |
JPWO2002052328A1 (ja) | 2004-04-30 |
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