WO2002045747A1 - Combinaciones inmunoterapeuticas para el tratamiento de tumores - Google Patents
Combinaciones inmunoterapeuticas para el tratamiento de tumores Download PDFInfo
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- WO2002045747A1 WO2002045747A1 PCT/CU2001/000012 CU0100012W WO0245747A1 WO 2002045747 A1 WO2002045747 A1 WO 2002045747A1 CU 0100012 W CU0100012 W CU 0100012W WO 0245747 A1 WO0245747 A1 WO 0245747A1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of immunology and more specifically to immunotherapy of cancer, particularly with immunotherapeutic combinations and methods of treatment to prevent the growth of tumor cells and / or eliminate said cells.
- EGF-R EGF receptor system
- the EGF receptor system (EGF-R) and its ligands constitute a molecular complex whose interaction specifically regulates cell growth and its impact on the uncontrolled growth of tumors of epithelial origin has been demonstrated.
- the deregulation of the paracrine and autocrine processes of activation of EGF-R is given both by the overproduction of growth factors and by the high synthesis and / or mutation of their receptors.
- the Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF-R) receptor is a transmembrane glycoprotein of 1186 amino acids and 170 kD molecular weight that is widely expressed in body tissues, and has been implicated in various stages of embryogenic development .
- EGF or TGF- ⁇ induces receptor dimerization as well as heterodimerization with other members of the ErbB family, including HER-2 (Cohen BD et al. (1996) J Biol Chem 271 : 7620-7629).
- the binding of ligands to the receptor triggers a cascade of intracellular signals (Ullrich A and Schlessinger J (1990) Cell 61: 203-212) that lead to cell growth and differentiation.
- EGF Epidermal Growth Factor
- TGF ⁇ Transforming Growth Factor of type alpha
- EGF Epidermal Growth Factor
- AR anfiregulin
- CR1 cryptol
- heparin binding growth factor betacellulin
- epiregulin heparin binding growth factor
- betacellulin betacellulin
- epiregulin heparin binding growth factor
- EGF-R heparin binding growth factor
- TGF ⁇ is a 50 amino acid polypeptide, capable of competing with EGF for binding to EGF-R.
- Anti-EGF antibodies are not able to recognize TGF ⁇ (Todaro G J et al. (1976), Nature 264: 26-31), so both growth factors are two immunologically different entities.
- the system of EGF-R and its ligands has been used as a target for passive immunotherapy (IP), through the use of monoclonal antibodies (AMC) against EGF-R, natively, associated with drugs, toxins, or radioactive isotopes ( Vollmar AM et al. (1987) J Cell Physiol 131: 418-425) in the IP of tumors with high expression of this receptor.
- AMC monoclonal antibodies
- These antibodies have been selected for their ability to inhibit the binding of EGF to its receptor (neutralizing antibodies).
- Passive immunotherapy with the specific IOR-R3 Monoclonal Antibody against EGF-R has shown that specific binding of IOR-R3 to the receptor inhibits EGF binding to it, and inhibits autophosphorylation of the Receiver, dependent on EGF.
- passive immunotherapy with IOR-R3 inhibited the growth of human tumor cells in nude mice, and has slowed the tumor growth rate of some patients in clinical trials.
- This system has also been targeted for cancer-specific active immunotherapy.
- An example of this is the use of a vaccine that contains one of the main ligands of EGF-R, EGF, coupled to a transporter protein (US 5,894,018).
- This vaccine is capable of inducing a specific antibody response against autologous EGF and inhibiting its binding to its receptor, blocking the proliferation mechanisms triggered by this binding.
- TAE Ehrlich ascites tumor
- the present invention proposes the use of combined immunotherapies, directed both against the receptor with kinase activity in tyrosine residues (RTK) and against its ligands, with the aim of enhancing the effect observed by independently applying the different forms of immunotherapy described in the state of the art, directed only against some of the components of the receptor / ligand system.
- This potentiation is justified by the joint blocking of both ligands and receptor, in a treatment method that includes both active ingredients.
- the invention relates to an immunotherapeutic combination for the treatment of tumors with an effect on cells whose growth is dependent on the RTK receptor system, which comprises the simultaneous or sequential administration of A + B; or A + C; or A + D; or B + C; or B + D; or C + D, where A, B, C and D are: A. - An antibody against an RTK receptor;
- O- A vaccine whose active ingredient is an RTK receptor, which induces antibodies against said RTK receptor;
- D.- A vaccine whose principle is the ligand (s) of an RTK receptor, which induces antibodies against said ligand (s) of the RTK receptor;
- the monoclonal antibody against the RTK receptor is an antibody against the Epidermal Growth Factor receptor, R-EGF, and more specifically is the humanized antibody against the EGF receptor, hR3, deposited with number Access 951110101 at ECACC, England.
- the antibody against the selected RTK receptor ligand can be an antibody against EGF or against TGF alpha.
- the invention also relates to an immunotherapeutic combination where the active principle of the vaccine can be the EGF receptor, the EGF itself or the TGF alpha, or a conjugate of these active ingredients with the p64K protein of Neisseria meningitis.
- the invention also relates to a method for the control of the growth and / or proliferation of cells whose growth is dependent on the RTK receptor system which comprises the treatment with the therapeutic combinations of the invention, which can be applied simultaneously or sequential, in which case said application of the components of the combination is carried out in any order.
- the immunotherapeutic combinations of the invention prevent the growth of tumor cells by eliminating said cells, by blocking RTK receptors and their ligands. This blockage can be achieved, among other approaches, with the combination, both simultaneous and sequential of active (therapeutic vaccines) and / or passive immunotherapies (Monoclonal Antibodies) directed to growth factors such as Epidermal Growth Factor, EGF. , and the Transforming Growth Factor of type alpha, TGF ⁇ and its receptors (ieEGF-R).
- EGF Epidermal Growth Factor
- ieEGF-R Transforming Growth Factor of type alpha, TGF ⁇ and its receptors
- Blocking growth factors or their receptors causes an effect of cell proliferation arrest.
- This invention shows how simultaneous blocking of both ligands and receptors enhances the inhibitory effect on said cell proliferation.
- This therapeutic concept is of great importance in the treatment of malignant tumors, which have as their fundamental property an increase in the speed of cell proliferation.
- Immunotherapeutic combinations are described that cause blocking of RTK receptors and / or their ligands, by combining active and / or passive immunotherapy against them.
- the referred procedures can be applied to patients in different clinical stages of tumors of epithelial origin that overexpress EFG-R.
- the combination of active and passive immunotherapy can be simultaneous or sequential depending on whether the therapeutic procedure is to be used in patients with advanced disease or as adjuvant therapy.
- the proposed therapeutic combination is passive immunotherapy with Monoclonal Antibodies (AMC) that recognize the RTK receptor and / or AMC that recognize ligands of said receptor, in combination with the onco-specific therapy of choice, as therapy of attack; followed by active immunotherapy treatment with vaccines aimed at ligands of said receptor and / or the receptor itself, to achieve maintenance responses of the therapeutic effect.
- AMC Monoclonal Antibodies
- the proposed therapeutic combinations are either the passive immunotherapy treatment with Monoclonal Antibodies (AMC) that recognize the RTK receptor and / or AMC that recognize ligands of said receptor together with active immunotherapy with vaccines directed at ligands of said receptor and / or the recipient himself, or the combination where the treatment of passive immunotherapy with Monoclonal Antibodies (AMC) that recognize the receptor with kinase activity in tyrosine and / or AMC residues that recognize ligands of said receptor, as attack therapy; It is followed by the simultaneous treatment of active immunotherapy with vaccines directed to the recipients of said receptor and / or to the recipient, to achieve maintenance responses of the therapeutic effect.
- AMC Monoclonal Antibodies
- PROCEDURE 1 Immunotherapeutic combination that includes passive immunotherapy with monoclonal antibodies that recognize the receptor with kinase activity in tyrosine residues (ieEGF-R) and / or receptor ligands (ieEGF, TGF ⁇ ), followed by active immunotherapy with vaccines aimed at the recipient and / or receptor ligands, to be applied in patients with advanced epithelial tumors.
- ieEGF-R tyrosine residues
- ieEGF, TGF ⁇ receptor ligands
- passive immunotherapy is used with monoclonal antibodies that recognize a receptor with kinase activity in tyrosine residues (ie EGF-R) and have the property of inhibition of said receptor and / or with AMC that recognize ligands of said receptor (ie EGF, TGF ⁇ ), with the aim of carrying out an attack therapy that results in tumor remission.
- Said passive immunotherapy can be administered in combination with the onco-specific treatment of choice.
- an active immunotherapy treatment is applied with vaccines that cause a response of receptor blocking antibodies (ie EGF-R) and / or receptor ligands (ieEGF, TGF ⁇ ), with the aim of carrying out a maintenance treatment to achieve greater periods of stabilization of the disease, as well as to avoid the appearance of new metastatic foci.
- the procedure consists in administering, to patients with tumors of epithelial origin in advanced stages, between 4 and 20 doses in a range between 100 and 400 mg of AMC that recognize EGF-R and that have the property of inhibiting said receptor, and / or of AMC that recognize ligands thereof, with a time between each dose that will range between 6 and 10 days.
- This treatment can last from 1 to 24 months, in combination with the onco-specific therapy of choice. The treatment will be continued until complete or partial tumor regression or any toxicity reaction that requires its arrest. Between 1 and 4 weeks after the end of AMC treatment, immunization schedules will be initiated with vaccines targeting EFG-R or some EGF-R ligand (ie EGF, TGF ⁇ ), together with a protein that functions as a carrier (ie the P64k recombinant protein from Neisseria Meningitidis) and administered in an adjuvant, which could be alumina (between 1 and 2 mg / dose), Montanide ISA 51 (between 0.6 and 1.2 ml per dose) or other.
- EGF EGF
- TGF ⁇ EGF-R ligand
- a protein that functions as a carrier ie the P64k recombinant protein from Neisseria Meningitidis
- an adjuvant which could be alumina (between 1 and 2 mg / dose), Montanide ISA
- Each dose contains between 50 and 800 ug of the active substance (receptor or ligand) bound to the carrier protein, in a final volume of between 0.6 and 5 ml.
- the scheme to be used is between 5 and 8 initial immunizations for response induction, often that could be from weekly to biweekly. Immunizations may be preceded by cyclophosphamide doses that may be between 100 and 500 mg / m 2 of body mass, given 2 to 4 days before the 1st immunization.
- Vaccines may be formulated in some other vaccine vehicle (i.e. liposomes, DNA vaccines, viral vectors)
- Vaccines can be formulated as independent products or within the same vaccine formulation.
- blood extractions will be performed to measure blood biochemistry parameters and specific antibody titers against the ligand or receptor to which the vaccine is directed. These extractions will be made with a frequency that can be from weekly to monthly.
- PROCEDURE 2 Immunotherapeutic combination that includes passive immunotherapy with monoclonal antibodies that recognize the receptor with kinase activity in tyrosine residues (ieegf-r) and / or receptor ligands (ieegf, tgf ⁇ ), together with active immunotherapy with vaccines targeting receptor and / or receptor ligands, as adjuvant treatment
- the patient is administered, immediately after diagnosis and / or surgical treatment, a passive immunotherapy treatment with AMC that recognizes a receptor with kinase activity in tyrosine residues (ie EGF-R) and that it has the property of inhibition of said receptor and / or ligands of said receptor (ieEGF, TGF ⁇ ), together with an active treatment with Vaccines that elicit a response of receptor blocking antibodies (ieEGF-R) and / or
- the procedure consists in administering, to patients with tumors of epithelial origin in advanced stages, between 4 and 20 doses in a range of 100 and 400 mg of AMC that recognize EGF-R, which has the property of inhibition of said receptor, and / or of AMC that recognize ligands thereof, with a time between doses of between 6 and 10 days.
- This treatment can last from 1 to 24 months. I know continue treatment until complete or partial tumor regression or any toxicity reaction that requires its arrest.
- Immunotherapeutic combination includes passive immunotherapy with monoclonal antibodies that recognize the receptor with kinase activity in tyrosine residues (ieegf-r) and / or receptor ligands (ieefg, tgf ⁇ ), followed by active immunotherapy with vaccines directed at the recipient and / or receptor ligands, to be applied in patients as adjuvant therapy.
- passive immunotherapy is used with monoclonal antibodies that recognize a receptor with kinase activity in tyrosine residues (ieEGF-R) and that have the property of inhibition of said receptor and / or with AMC that recognize ligands of said receptor (ie EGF, TGF ⁇ ), with the aim of carrying out an attack therapy that results in tumor remission.
- an active immunotherapy treatment is applied with vaccines that cause a response of receptor blocking antibodies (ieEGF-R) and / or receptor ligands (ieEGF, TGF ⁇ ), with the aim of performing a maintenance treatment to achieve higher disease-free intervals, as well as to avoid the appearance of new metastatic foci.
- the procedure consists in administering, to patients with tumors of epithelial origin in advanced stages, between 4 and 20 doses of between 100 and 400 mg of AMC that recognize EGF-R, which has the property of inhibition of said receptor, and / or of AMC that recognize ligands thereof, with a time between doses of between 6 and 10 days.
- This treatment can last between 1 and 24 months.
- the treatment will be continued until complete or partial tumor regression or any toxicity reaction that requires its arrest.
- immunization schedules with vaccines directed to EFG-R or some EGF-R ligand ie EGF, TGF ⁇
- Example 1 Immunization scheme with EGF vaccine using alumina as adjuvant in cancer patients.
- Patient 1.1 was included in the trial with diagnosis of metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the lung, with disease in progression, being considered ineligible for any other onco-specific treatment. It was immunized with a scheme consisting of the administration of 5 initial doses of the vaccine composition containing 50ug of EGF and 2 mg of alumina, administered on days 1, 7, 14, 21 and 51.
- Blood extractions were performed for blood biochemical determinations and specific antibody titers against EGF on days 0, 15, 30, 45, 60 and then monthly.
- Antibody titers were measured by an ELISA assay, evaluating as the result of antibody titre the maximum serum dilution value that gives a positive result in the ELISA assay (OD values above twice the average of the assay targets. ) Upon detecting a drop in antibody titers, a re-immunization was performed with the same dose of vaccine.
- the patient developed an anti-EGF antibody response with maximum titres of up to 1: 8000, with a kinetics as shown in Figure 1.
- the patient After the beginning of the Vaccination, the patient showed a clinical and radiological stabilization of the disease until month 15. The patient dies at 23.2 months after the start of vaccination.
- Antibody titers were measured by an ELISA assay, evaluating as the result of antibody titre the maximum serum dilution value that gives a positive result in the ELISA assay (OD values above twice the average of the assay targets. ) Upon detecting a drop in antibody titers, a re-immunization was performed with the same dose of vaccine.
- the patient developed an anti-EGF antibody response with maximum titres of up to 1: 32000, with a kinetics as shown in Figure 2. After the start of the Vaccination the patient showed a stabilization of the disease until month 12, in which was diagnosed a tumor regression by both clinical and radiological criteria (Figure 3).
- Example 3 Immunization scheme with EGF vaccine using alumina as an adjuvant and a treatment prior to vaccination with low dose cyclophosphamide in cancer patients.
- Patient 3.1 FNR was included in the trial with diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma of the lung, with disease in progression being considered ineligible for any other onco-specific treatment. It was treated with a dose of 100 mg / m 2 of body surface of Cyclophosphamide, 3 days before being immunized with the EGF Vaccine, with a scheme consisting in the administration of 5 doses of the vaccine composition containing 50 ug of EGF and 2 mg of alumina, administered on days 1, 7, 14, 21 and 51. Blood extractions were performed for blood biochemical determinations and specific antibody titers against EGF on days 0, 15, 30,
- Antibody titers were measured by an ELISA assay, evaluating as the result of antibody titre the maximum serum dilution value that gives a positive result in the ELISA assay (OD values above twice the average of the assay targets. )
- the patient developed an anti-EGF antibody response, with maximum titres of up to 1: 8000, as shown in Figure 4.
- ISA 51 as an adjuvant and a pre-vaccination treatment with low dose cyclophosphamide in cancer patients.
- EGF using P64 as a carrier protein and alumina as an adjuvant, after a pre-treatment with low dose cyclophosphamide, a clinical trial was conducted in which 10 patients were immunized.
- Patient 4.1, JPG was included in the trial with a diagnosis of adenocarcinoma of the lung, non-small cells, disease in progression, being considered ineligible for any other onco-specific treatment.
- Antibody titers were measured by an ELISA assay, evaluating as the result of antibody titre the maximum serum dilution value that gives a positive result in the ELISA assay (OD values above twice the average of the assay targets. )
- Example 5 Immunogenicity of vaccination with EGF and relationship with disease stabilization in cancer patients.
- NSCLC non-small cell lung cancer
- Table 1 Relationship of antibody response and clinical and radiological stabilization of the disease.
- Example 6 Immunogenicity of vaccination with EGF and relationship with the survival of cancer patients undergoing such treatment.
- the RML patient diagnosed as a carrier of epidermoid tongue-based carcinoma of the tongue, stage IV was included in the AMC combined clinical trial.
- IOR-R3 and radiotherapy He received the 200 mg dose of AMC 6 times, weekly. The cumulative dose of AMC was 1200 mg and the radiant dose was 60 Gy.
- the EPG patient diagnosed as a carrier of squamous cell carcinoma of the tonsil with cervical adenopathies, stage III, was included in the combined treatment trial of the humanized monoclonal antibody hR3 (deposited with access number 951110101 in ECACC, England) and RTP. He received 200 mg of AMC, weekly, for 6 weeks, and a radiant dose of 64 Gy. At the end of the treatment, this patient showed complete remission of the tumor lesion ( Figure 8) and the response was maintained for more than 13 months.
- Example 9 Therapeutic effect of the combination of Radiotherapy and AMC IOR-R3:
- the CHA patient diagnosed as a carrier of tonsil tumor, in stage IV, with bilateral cervical adenopathies was included in the trial of combined treatment of hR3 and RTP. He received a dose of 400 mg weekly, for 6 weeks, for a cumulative dose of 2400 mg. Concurrently he received a radiant dose of 64 Gy. At the end of treatment, this patient was in complete remission of the primary tumor and loco-regional metastases (Figure 9). This response is maintained for 12 months.
- Example 10 Evaluation of combination of passive therapy with anti-EGF-R antibody (IOR-R3) and anti-ligand monoclonal antibody of EGF-R (EGF-1) in athymic mice.
- Group 1 10 doses of 0.5 mg of AMC EGF-1, intraperitoneally and daily.
- Group 2 10 doses of 1 mg AMC EGF-1, intraperitoneally and daily.
- Group 3 10 doses of 0.5 mg of AMC IOR-R3, intraperitoneally and daily.
- Group 4 10 doses of 1 mg of AMC IOR-R3, intraperitoneally and daily.
- Group 5 10 doses of PBS, intraperitoneally and daily (negative control).
- Group 6 10 doses of the combination of 0.5 ⁇ g of EGF-1 and 0.5 mg of IOR-R3, intraperitoneally and daily
- Group 7 10 doses of the combination of 1 ⁇ g of EGF-1 and 1 mg of IOR-R3, intraperitoneally and daily
- Example 11 Combined treatment scheme AMC IOR-R3 / EGF vaccine in a patient with advanced stage tumor: The ARP patient, diagnosed as a carrier of epidermoid carcinoma of the head and neck, received a combined sequential treatment of AMC IOR-R3 and Vaccine
- the MRM patient diagnosed as a carrier of squamous cell carcinoma of the lung, underwent surgery. One month after the surgical procedure, the patient began a combined treatment while combining passive immunotherapy with AMC IOR-R3 and the EGF vaccine. In the
- Figure 1 Response kinetics of anti-EGF antibodies in MMG patient, immunized as detailed in Example 1. Arrows indicate times when re-immunizations were performed.
- Figure 2 Antibody response kinetics of the AMC patient, immunized as detailed in Example 2. The arrows indicate times at which immunizations were performed.
- FIG. 3 Tumor regression observed in the AMC patient. In the image on the left, there is tumor mass at the beginning of the treatment. In the image on the right, it can be seen that 12 months after the start of this treatment, the tumor mass had disappeared.
- Figure 4 Response kinetics of anti-EGF antibodies in the FNR patient, immunized as detailed in example 3.
- the arrows indicate times when re-immunizations were performed.
- Figure 5 Response kinetics of anti-EGF antibodies of the JPG patient, immunized as detailed in example 4.
- the arrows indicate times at which re-immunizations were performed.
- Figure 6 The figure shows the Kaplan Meyer curves of the patient groups with high anti-EGF responses (GAR) and with low anti-EGF responses (BAR), as well as that of a historical control group. It can be seen that the GAR show a significant increase in survival compared to both GAR and historical controls.
- GAR high anti-EGF responses
- BAR low anti-EGF responses
- Figure 7 Graphic demonstration of tumor remission in RML patient, treated as detailed in example 7.
- Figure 8 Graphic demonstration of tumor regression in EPG patient treated as detailed in example 8.
- Figure 9 Graphic demonstration of the tumor in a CHA patient, treated as detailed in example 9.
- Figure 10 Groups of mice immunized with ⁇ .5 mg of each of the AMC IOR-
- Figure 11 Groups of mice immunized with 1mg of each of the AMC IOR-R3, EGF-1, and with the combination of 1 mg of IOR-R3 + 1 mg of EGF1, as detailed in example 10. It is observed a synergistic effect of decreased tumor growth in the group treated with the combination of both AMCs.
- Figure 12 Combined combined treatment of AMC IOR-R3 and EGF Vaccine:
- the arrows above the time axis mean the dates of administration of the AMC (days 1, 7,14,21, 28 and 35) and the arrows below the time axis mean the times of immunizations with the EGF Vaccine (days 2,8,15,22, and 52).
Abstract
Description
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JP2002547530A JP2005519023A (ja) | 2000-12-08 | 2001-12-06 | 腫瘍の治療のための免疫療法的併用 |
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JP2008526686A (ja) * | 2004-11-16 | 2008-07-24 | セントロ ド インムノロジア モレキュラー | インターロイキン−2の中和能を有する免疫治療用製剤 |
US9017684B2 (en) | 2006-10-12 | 2015-04-28 | Chugai Seiyaku Kabushiki Kaisha | Diagnosis and treatment of cancer using anti-EREG antibody |
WO2009003425A1 (es) * | 2007-06-29 | 2009-01-08 | Centro De Inmunologia Molecular | Obtención de un preparado vacunal homogéneo para el tratamiento del cáncer |
TWI409080B (zh) * | 2007-06-29 | 2013-09-21 | Centro Inmunologia Molecular | 供腫瘤治療用之均質性疫苗組成物及其製備方法 |
EA021905B1 (ru) * | 2007-06-29 | 2015-09-30 | Сентро Де Инмунология Молекулар | Однородная вакцинная композиция для лечения опухоли и способ её получения |
US10005832B2 (en) | 2009-05-29 | 2018-06-26 | Chugai Seiyaku Kabushiki Kaisha | Method for treating a disease originated from receptor activation by EREG and TGFα |
US9556264B2 (en) | 2011-12-28 | 2017-01-31 | Chugai Seiyaku Kabushiki Kaisha | Humanized anti-epiregulin antibody, and cancer therapeutic agent comprising said antibody as active ingredient |
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