WO2002040223A1 - Robot mobile a deux jambes et son procede de commande, sa structure jambes, et unite jambe mobile destinee a ce robot - Google Patents
Robot mobile a deux jambes et son procede de commande, sa structure jambes, et unite jambe mobile destinee a ce robot Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2002040223A1 WO2002040223A1 PCT/JP2001/010025 JP0110025W WO0240223A1 WO 2002040223 A1 WO2002040223 A1 WO 2002040223A1 JP 0110025 W JP0110025 W JP 0110025W WO 0240223 A1 WO0240223 A1 WO 0240223A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- zmp
- center
- deformation
- momentum
- robot
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25J—MANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
- B25J5/00—Manipulators mounted on wheels or on carriages
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06N—COMPUTING ARRANGEMENTS BASED ON SPECIFIC COMPUTATIONAL MODELS
- G06N3/00—Computing arrangements based on biological models
- G06N3/004—Artificial life, i.e. computing arrangements simulating life
- G06N3/008—Artificial life, i.e. computing arrangements simulating life based on physical entities controlled by simulated intelligence so as to replicate intelligent life forms, e.g. based on robots replicating pets or humans in their appearance or behaviour
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
- B62D57/00—Vehicles characterised by having other propulsion or other ground- engaging means than wheels or endless track, alone or in addition to wheels or endless track
- B62D57/02—Vehicles characterised by having other propulsion or other ground- engaging means than wheels or endless track, alone or in addition to wheels or endless track with ground-engaging propulsion means, e.g. walking members
- B62D57/032—Vehicles characterised by having other propulsion or other ground- engaging means than wheels or endless track, alone or in addition to wheels or endless track with ground-engaging propulsion means, e.g. walking members with alternately or sequentially lifted supporting base and legs; with alternately or sequentially lifted feet or skid
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06N—COMPUTING ARRANGEMENTS BASED ON SPECIFIC COMPUTATIONAL MODELS
- G06N20/00—Machine learning
Definitions
- Legged mobile robot and control method thereof foot structure for legged mobile robot, and movable leg unit for legged mobile robot
- the present invention relates to a legged mobile robot having at least a plurality of movable legs, and more particularly to a legged mobile robot that performs walking and other legged work with movable legs.
- the present invention relates to a legged mobile robot that performs attitude stabilization control of a body during legged work while using a so-called ZMP (Zero Moment Point) as a stability determination criterion.
- ZMP Zero Moment Point
- the present invention relates to a legged mobile robot that performs attitude stabilization control of an airframe while using a ZMP stability discrimination criterion.
- Robots that perform movements that resemble human movements using electric or magnetic action are called “robots”. It is said that the robot's etymology comes from the Slavic word "ROBOTA”. In Japan, robots began to spread
- a legged mobile robot that reproduces the biological mechanism and movement of a human It is called “intermediate” or “humanoid” robot.
- the humanoid robot can provide, for example, living support, that is, support for human activities in various situations in a living environment and other daily lives.
- Stable “walking” here can be defined as “moving using the legs without falling over”.
- Robot posture stabilization control is very important for avoiding robot overturn. This is because falling means that the robot interrupts the work being performed, and that considerable effort and time is spent in getting up from the falling state and resuming the work. Above all, there is the danger that the fall will cause fatal damage to the robot itself or the object on the other side that collides with the fallen robot. Therefore, in the design and development of a legged mobile robot, posture stability control and fall prevention during walking are among the most important issues.
- ZMP Zero Moment Point
- the stability discrimination criterion by ZMP is based on the ⁇ Dalambert principle '' that gravity and inertia force from the walking system to the road surface and these moments balance with the floor reaction force and the floor reaction force moment as a reaction from the road surface to the walking system. based on.
- Z MP Zero Moment Point
- the ZMP norm states that "at every moment of walking, the ZMP is inside the supporting polygon formed by the foot and the road surface, and the force in the direction that the robot pushes the road surface acts. For example, the robot can walk stably without falling (the body rotates).
- the point of landing on the sole can be set in advance, and there are advantages such as easy consideration of the kinematic constraint condition of the toe according to the road surface shape.
- Z MP as a stability discrimination criterion means that a trajectory, not a force, is treated as a target value for motion control, which increases the technical feasibility.
- the legged mobile robot described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 5-305579 is designed to perform stable walking by matching a point on the floor where ZMP becomes zero to a target value. ing.
- the ZMP may be used to determine whether the ZMP is inside the supporting polygon (polygon) or at the end of the supporting polygon when landing or leaving the floor. From at least a predetermined margin. In this case, there is a ZMP allowance for a predetermined distance even when subjected to disturbances, etc., and the stability of the aircraft during walking improves.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 5-305583 discloses that the walking speed of a legged mobile robot is controlled by a ZMP target position. That is, using the previously set walking pattern data, the ZMP is adjusted to match the target position. In addition to driving the leg joints, it detects the inclination of the upper body and changes the walking pattern data discharge speed set according to the detected value. When the robot leans forward, for example, by stepping on unknown irregularities, the posture can be recovered by increasing the discharge speed. In addition, since the ZMP is controlled to the target position, there is no problem even if the discharge speed is changed during the two-leg support period.
- Japanese Patent Publication No. Hei 5-3055885 discloses that the landing position of the legged mobile robot is controlled by the ZMP target position. That is, the legged mobile robot described in this publication detects a deviation between the ZMP target position and the actual measurement position, and drives one or both of the legs so as to eliminate the deviation, or the ZMP target position. Stable walking is realized by detecting the moment around and driving the legs so that it becomes zero.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 5-305586 discloses that the tilt posture of a legged mobile robot is controlled by a ZMP target position. In other words, the moment around the ZMP target position is detected, and when a moment is generated, the leg is driven so that the moment becomes zero to perform stable walking.
- the robot posture stability control described above searches for a point where the pitch and roll axis moment are zero on or inside the supporting polygon formed by the sole and the ground surface, that is, the ZMP stable area. This is the basic operation. Further, when the ZMP position deviates from the ZMP stable region, the correction control is performed so as to return to the stable region again.
- the ZMP norm assumes that the robot's fuselage and road surface can be assumed to be as close as possible to a rigid body (ie, it will not deform or move under any force or moment). It is just a norm that can be applied as. In other words, if it is not possible to assume that the robot or the road surface is as close as possible to a rigid body, for example, the robot moves at high speed, and the (translational) force acting on the ZMP and the impact force when switching the standing position increase. If the robot itself deforms or moves, the space where the ZMP exists becomes unstable if the amount of deformation of the robot with respect to the applied force is not properly managed.
- the posture of the robot satisfies the ZMP standard (the ZMP exists inside the support polygon and the robot
- the robot posture becomes unstable to stabilize the unstable ZMP.
- the lower the center of gravity of the robot the higher the rotational speed of the airframe is generated, and the more difficult it is to achieve stable walking.
- Figures 1 and 2 show the ZMP position and the amount of deformation (or momentum) of the robot when the robot model is an ideal model whose road surface is as close as possible to a rigid body, and when the robot is not actually a rigid body. (Ie, the ZMP behavior space of the robot).
- the robot deforms at any ZMP position within the calculated ZMP stable region. No amount (or momentum) is generated. In other words, the robot does not lose its attitude stability at any ZMP position.
- the robot and the road surface are not rigid, and even within the calculated ZMP stable area, the amount of deformation (or momentum) occurs at the mouth bot depending on the ZMP position.
- the robot does not generate deformation (or momentum) near the approximate center of the ZMP stable region, so the robot does not lose its attitude stability as it is.
- the robot's deformation (or momentum) increases in the negative direction.
- the ZMP behavior space as shown in Figs. 1 and 2 is defined by the ZMP position and the floor reaction force that the aircraft receives from the floor.
- Positive or negative of the deformation (or momentum) of the robot in this ZMP behavior space is the direction in which negative causes spatial distortion to move the ZMP to the edge of the stable region, and positive sets the ZMP in the stable region. This is the direction that causes spatial distortion to move to the center. Therefore, as shown in Fig. 2, it is within the ZMP stable region that the robot deformation (or movement) increases in the negative direction as the ZMP position moves away from the center of the ZMP stable region. However, the robot deforms toward the edge of the ZMP stable area, and eventually the aircraft falls.
- Aircraft attitude control must always be executed to return to the center of the ZMP stable area.
- a typical example of such a control method that constantly returns the ZMP position to the center is an “inverted pendulum”.
- high-speed control that is, a sampling cycle is extremely short
- the computer load for attitude control increases.
- the ZMP stability discrimination criterion is merely a stability discrimination criterion aimed at realizing walking in an ideal environment including prerequisites that are difficult to satisfy in reality, such as a rigid robot or road surface. Absent. Therefore, in order to autonomously maintain stable dynamic walking in the human living environment, it is important to devise a robot system configuration method that takes into account the stability of the space where ZMP exists.
- the stability and controllability of the legged mobile robot during legged work is affected not only by the gait, that is, the movement pattern of the limbs, but also by the ground and road conditions where the legged work such as walking is performed. .
- This is because as long as the legs are in contact with the road surface, they are constantly receiving reaction from the road surface.
- the reaction force from the road surface becomes a large impact force, especially when the free leg lands during legged work such as walking, and in some cases, it becomes a disturbance and makes the robot's posture unstable. .
- a legged mobile robot such as a bipedal walker to perform a legged work such as walking without losing its posture
- it must be familiar with the road surface with a stable posture when landing and receive from the road surface when touching down
- the structure of the sole of the foot that touches the road surface is extremely important in establishing a good relationship between the robot and its ground contact surface.
- the search for ZMP in short, means that in a bipedal vehicle, the ZMP trajectory passes between the left and right legs (that is, the inside of each leg). Furthermore, if the ZMP trajectory moves to the outside of one foot as a result of the aircraft's forward movement, the posture stability will not be achieved unless the other foot is depressed further outside of one foot. It cannot be maintained. This is a movement of the leg that crosses the other foot with one foot, and it is extremely difficult to physically and mechanically realize that the left and right legs interfere with each other.
- a two-legged mobile robot is generally designed based on a forward movement based on a biological mechanism such as a human monkey.
- a biological mechanism such as a human monkey.
- mouth bust against lateral disturbance is relatively low.
- An object of the present invention is to provide an excellent leg capable of appropriately controlling the attitude stabilization of an airframe during legged work while using a so-called Z MP (Zero Moment Point) as a stability discrimination criterion.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a mobile robot and a control method thereof.
- a further object of the present invention is to provide an excellent leg-type transfer capable of suitably performing the attitude stabilization control of the airframe while using the ZMP stability discrimination standard at a relatively slow sampling period.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a mobile robot and a control method thereof.
- a further object of the present invention is to provide a movable leg unit of a legged mobile robot, which can reduce the impact force received from the road surface at the time of touching the ground, and can recover or facilitate the posture stability of the lost body.
- the purpose of the present invention is to provide a foot structure of the foot in the above.
- the present invention has been made in consideration of the above three problems, and a first aspect thereof is a legged mobile robot having two or more movable legs or a control method thereof,
- the ZMP behavior space control means or step gives a predetermined distortion or a predetermined characteristic to the ZMP behavior space in advance.
- a legged mobile robot or a method of controlling the same is a legged mobile robot or a method of controlling the same.
- the ZMP stability discrimination criterion is a criterion that can be applied only when it can be assumed that the robot's body and road surface are as close as possible to a rigid body.
- the space itself where the ZMP exists Becomes unstable, and even if the robot posture satisfies the ZMP stability discrimination criteria, the robot posture becomes unstable to stabilize the unstable ZMP.
- ZMP Zero Moment Point
- the ZMP behavior space control means or step is configured such that as the ZMP position deviates from the center of the ZMP stable region formed by the support polygon formed by the sole of the movable leg and the road surface, the ZMP position deviates. Distortion is given to the ZMP behavior space in advance so that an amount of deformation or momentum of the airframe attempting to move the position to the center of the ZMP stable region occurs. This makes the structure easy to maintain the attitude stability of the aircraft.
- the ZMP behavior space control means or step may provide a predetermined characteristic such that the magnitude or direction of the deformation amount or the momentum of the mouth boat changes according to the floor reaction force.
- the post-correction control is not started until the amount of movement of the ZMP position exceeds a predetermined area, and the robot is controlled in advance. Because of the spatial distortion and the prescribed characteristics that stabilize the posture, even if the control mechanism of the aircraft does not have a sufficient response speed, it is possible to obtain high mouth bust against disturbances etc. .
- the ZMP behavior space control means or step may set a minimum point of the deformation amount or the momentum of the airframe substantially at the center of the ZMP stable region.
- the deformation amount and the momentum of the body are always generated in the direction in which the posture is stabilized, so that it is easy to maintain the posture stability. Also, sufficient attitude stabilization control can be performed even with a relatively low sampling period.
- the ZMP behavior space control means or step sets a minimum point of the deformation amount or the momentum of the aircraft substantially at the center of the ZMP stable region, and sets the deformation amount or the deformation amount of the aircraft near the boundary of the ZMP stable region.
- the maximum point of the momentum may be set. In such a case, in the area sandwiched by the local maximum points, the deformation or momentum of the robot body occurs so that the ZMP position always goes to the center of the ZMP stable area, so it is easy to maintain the posture stability. In addition, sufficient attitude stabilization control can be performed even with a relatively low sampling period.
- the ZMP behavior space control means or step includes a first coordinate axis whose positive direction is the direction in which the ZMP position goes to the outside of the fuselage and a robot in which the ZMP position is directed to the center of the ZMP stable area.
- the robot's deformation or momentum has a maximum value in the negative region with respect to the standing leg in the later stage of supporting a single leg, and As the force is increased, a spatial distortion may be applied so as to move the ZMP position having the maximum value of the deformation or the momentum in the positive direction.
- the amount of bending decreases almost linearly with the amount of movement of the ZMP position in the Y direction in the standing stage in the later stage of supporting a single leg.
- the floor reaction force is said to be “large” when the floor reaction force is 100 or more, and when the floor reaction force is approximately 20 to 100
- the floor reaction force is said to be “medium”, and when the floor reaction force is less than 20, the floor reaction force is said to be “small” (the same applies hereinafter).
- the floor reaction force when qualitatively expressing that "the floor reaction force is small" it means the floor reaction force that is applied to the other foot when one foot supports the whole body during both feet support period .
- the ZMP behavior space control means or step includes a first coordinate axis having a forward direction of the ZMP position toward the front of the aircraft and a robot deformation amount such that the ZMP position is directed to the center of the ZMP stable area.
- the robot's deformation or momentum is negative in the negative region and the pole is almost
- a space distortion may be provided that has a large value and that the change in the amount of deformation or the amount of momentum decreases as the floor reaction force increases. In such a case, the bending amount decreases almost linearly with the movement amount of the ZMP position in the X direction in the standing stage in the later stage of supporting the single leg.
- the standing leg bends forward, and when the ZMP position moves rearward of the aircraft, the standing leg bends backward. As the force increases, the stance is less likely to bend whether the ZMP position moves forward or backward.
- the ZMP behavior space control means or step when the floor reaction force is small in the direction orthogonal to the traveling direction with respect to the standing leg in the latter half of the single leg support, as the ZMP position deviates from the center of the ZMP stable region, the ZMP The amount of deformation or momentum of the robot is such that the position moves away from the center of the ZMP stable area, but as the floor reaction force increases, the ZMP position moves away from the center of the ZMP stable area as the ZMP position moves away from the center of the ZMP stable area. Spatial distortion may be applied such that the amount of deformation or momentum of the mouth boat is directed toward the center of the ZMP stable region.
- the deformation or momentum of the robot is generated such that the ZMP position moves away from the center of the ZMP stable region as the ZMP position moves away from the center of the ZMP stable region.
- the spatial distortion that generates the deformation or momentum of the mouth bot such that the ZMP position moves toward the center of the ZMP stable region May be given.
- the standing leg in the later stage of supporting the single leg turns inward, and when the ZMP position moves to the outside of the The stance bends outward, but as the floor reaction force increases, conversely, when the ZMP position moves inward, the stance bends outward and the ZMP position moves outward.
- the legs are configured to bend inward.
- the floor reaction force is small, when the ZMP position moves to the front of the fuselage, the standing leg bends forward, and when the ZMP position moves to the rear of the fuselage, the standing leg bends rearward.
- the reaction force increases, when the ZMP position moves to the front of the aircraft, the leg turns backward and when the ZMP position moves to the rear of the aircraft, The leg is configured to bend forward.
- the ZMP behavior space control means or step when the floor reaction force is small in the direction orthogonal to the traveling direction with respect to the trunk in the latter half of the single leg support, as the ZMP position deviates from the center of the ZMP stable region.
- Robot deformation or momentum occurs such that the ZMP position moves away from the center of the ZMP stable area, but as the floor reaction force increases, the ZMP position moves away from the center of the ZMP stable area.
- Spatial distortion may be applied to the robot such that the ZMP position is directed toward the center of the ZMP stable region, or the deformation or momentum of the robot is generated.
- the amount of deformation of the mouth bot such that the ZMP position moves away from the center of the ZMP stable region as the ZMP position moves away from the center of the ZMP stable region.
- a momentum is generated, but as the floor reaction force increases, the robot's deformation or momentum is generated such that the ZMP position moves toward the center of the ZMP stable region as the ZMP position moves away from the center of the ZMP stable region. You may make it give distortion.
- the floor reaction force when the floor reaction force is small, when the ZMP position moves to the inside of the fuselage, the # ⁇ part turns inward, and when the ZMP position moves to the outside of the fuselage, the part moves outward.
- the trunk when the floor reaction force increases, conversely, when the ZMP position moves to the inside of the fuselage, the part bends outward and when the ZMP position moves to the outside of the fuselage, the trunk It is configured to bend inward.
- the trunk when the floor reaction force is small, the trunk turns forward when the ZMP position moves forward of the fuselage, and the part turns backward when the ZMP position moves behind the fuselage.
- the part bends backward when the ZMP position moves to the front of the fuselage, and the part turns forward when the ZMP position moves to the rear of the fuselage. It is configured to bend toward.
- the ZMP behavior space control means or step includes a first coordinate axis having a positive direction in which the ZMP position is directed to the outside of the body and a robot in which the ZMP position is directed to the center of the ZMP stable area.
- the robot In the ZMP behavior space consisting of the second coordinate axis with the deformation or momentum in the positive direction, the robot's Even if the shape or momentum has a local maximum value near the center of the ZMP stable region in the negative region, and a spatial distortion is applied such that the change in the deformation or momentum decreases as the floor reaction force increases. Good.
- the amount of bending of the stance decreases almost linearly with the amount of movement of the ZMP position to the outside of the aircraft.
- the standing leg bends inward, and when the ZMP position moves to the outside of the fuselage, the standing leg bends outward.
- the standing leg is configured to be difficult to bend whether the ZMP position moves inward or outward.
- the amount of bending of the leg is smaller than that in the single-leg supporting period in which the leg is supported by two legs.
- the ZMP behavior space control means or step includes a first coordinate axis having a forward direction of the ZMP position toward the front of the fuselage and a robot in which the ZMP position is directed to the center of the ZMP stable area.
- the robot's deformation or momentum is near the center of the ZMP stable region in the negative region when the robot's deformation or momentum is in the negative region with respect to the standing position during the double-leg support May have a maximum value, and may give a spatial distortion such that the change in the amount of deformation or momentum decreases with an increase in the floor reaction force.
- the amount of bending of the stance decreases almost linearly with the amount of forward movement of the ZMP position.
- the standing leg bends forward, and when the ZMP position moves to the rear of the fuselage, the standing leg bends rearward.
- the standing leg is configured to be difficult to bend whether the ZMP position moves forward or backward.
- the amount of bending of the leg is smaller than that in the single-leg supporting period in which the leg is supported by two legs.
- the ZMP behavior space control means or step is set such that the ZMP position deviates from the center of the ZMP stable region.
- the deformation or momentum of the robot occurs such that the MP position moves away from the center of the ZMP stable area, but as the floor reaction force increases, the ZMP position moves away from the center of the ZMP stable area.
- a spatial distortion may be applied such that a deformation amount or a momentum of the robot is generated such that the ZMP position is directed to the center of the ZMP stable region.
- the amount of deformation or deformation of the mouth bot such that the ZMP position moves away from the center of the ZMP stable region as the ZMP position moves away from the center of the ZMP stable region.
- momentum is generated, as the floor reaction force increases, the spatial distortion that generates the robot's deformation or momentum such that the ZMP position moves toward the center of the ZMP stable region as the ZMP position moves away from the center of the ZMP stable region May be given.
- the ZMP behavior space control means or step when the floor reaction force is small in a direction orthogonal to the traveling direction with respect to the trunk in the two-leg supporting period, the ZMP position is out of the center of the ZMP stable region.
- the ZMP position moves away from the center of the ZMP stable area as the ZMP position moves away from the center of the ZMP stable area.
- a spatial distortion may be imparted such that a robot deformation amount or a momentum is generated such that the ZMP position is directed to the center of the ZMP stable region.
- a deformation or momentum of the robot is generated such that the ZMP position moves away from the center of the ZMP stable region as the ZMP position moves away from the center of the ZMP stable region.
- Z Spatial distortion may be applied such that a deformation or a momentum of the robot occurs such that the ZMP position moves toward the center of the ZMP stable area as the MP position deviates from the center of the ZMP stable area.
- the trunk is configured to bend inward.
- the trunk turns forward when the ZMP position moves forward of the fuselage, and the part turns backward when the ZMP position moves behind the fuselage.
- the part bends backward when the ZMP position moves to the front of the fuselage, and the part * moves forward when the ZMP position moves to the rear of the fuselage. It is configured to bend.
- the ZMP behavior space control means or step is a robot in which the ZMP position is directed to the center of the ZMP stable area and the first coordinate axis whose negative direction is the direction in which the ZMP position is directed to the outside of the body.
- the robot's deformation or momentum has a local maximum value in the negative region with respect to the standing leg of the single leg supporting period, and the floor
- a spatial distortion may be applied such that the ZMP position having the maximum value of the deformation or the momentum is moved in the positive direction.
- the amount of bending decreases almost linearly with the amount of movement of the ZMP position in the Y direction in the standing phase in the first half of the single leg support.
- the ZMP behavior space control means or step includes a first coordinate axis having a forward direction of the ZMP position toward the front of the fuselage and a ZMP position at the center of the ZMP stable area.
- the robot's deformation or momentum in the negative region is A spatial distortion that has a maximum value near the center of the MP stable region and that reduces the deformation or the momentum with the increase in the floor reaction force may be applied.
- the amount of bending decreases almost linearly with the amount of movement of the ZMP position in the X direction in the standing phase in the first half of the single leg support.
- the ZMP behavior space control means or step when the floor reaction force is small in a direction perpendicular to the traveling direction with respect to the standing leg of the single leg supporting first half, the ZMP position deviates from the center of the ZMP stable region. As the floor reaction force increases, the ZMP position deviates from the center of the ZMP stable area, but the ZMP position moves away from the center of the ZMP stable area. However, it may be possible to apply a spatial distortion such that a deformation amount or a momentum of the robot is generated toward the center of the ZMP stable region.
- the robot deformation amount or the robot's deformation amount such that the ZMP position moves away from the center of the ZMP stable region as the ZMP position moves away from the center of the ZMP stable region.
- Momentum is generated, but as the floor reaction force increases, the space in which the ZMP position moves toward the center of the ZMP stable area as the ZMP position moves away from the center of the ZMP stable area, where the deformation or momentum of the robot occurs. You may make it give distortion.
- the ZMP behavior space control means or step when the floor reaction force is small in the direction perpendicular to the traveling direction with respect to the trunk in the single leg supporting period, as the ZMP position deviates from the center of the ZMP stable region.
- Deformation or momentum of the robot occurs such that the ZMP position moves away from the center of the ZMP stable area, but as the floor reaction force increases, the ZMP position moves away from the center of the ZMP stable area.
- Spatial distortion may be applied to the robot such that the ZMP position is directed toward the center of the ZMP stable region, or the deformation or momentum of the robot is generated.
- the # ⁇ part turns outward and when the ZMP position moves to the inside of the fuselage!
- the part bends inward, but as the floor reaction force increases, conversely, when the ZMP position moves out of the aircraft, the part bends inward and the ZMP position moves inward of the aircraft At that time, the torso is configured to bend outward.
- the trunk turns forward when the ZMP position moves forward of the aircraft, and the trunk turns backward when the ZMP position moves behind the aircraft.
- the trunk turns backward when the ZMP position moves to the front of the fuselage, and the ⁇ part moves forward when the ZMP position moves to the rear of the fuselage. It is configured to bend towards you.
- the ZMP behavior space control means includes a substantially flat foot frame, a region having a relatively large initial deformation amount disposed on the bottom surface of the foot frame, and a region having a relatively small deformation amount thereafter.
- the sole buffer begins to deform when it first comes into contact with the road surface, so that a sufficient cushioning effect can be expected.
- the amount of deformation per applied load decreases this time due to the nonlinear characteristics, so that the sole does not become unstable due to excessive deformation.
- the ZMP behavior space control means is constituted by a foot structure, a spatial distortion that causes a robot's deformation or momentum such that the ZMP position is directed toward the inside of the ZMP stable region. A ZMP behavior space can be given.
- the ZMP behavior space control means includes at least one joint actuating unit for realizing the degree of freedom of the joint in the movable leg, and supporting the joint actuating unit from the inside of the body of the leg-type moving port bot.
- An inner support having a first stiffness
- an outer support having a second stiffness relatively greater than the first stiffness for supporting the joint actuator from outside the fuselage of the legged robot. It may be a leg structure of each movable leg composed of a body.
- the overall legged mobile robot has enhanced robustness against lateral disturbance, so that the attitude stabilization control of the aircraft is significantly facilitated.
- the disturbance induces the ZMP to move inside the fuselage, that is, toward the arch. That is, a spatial distortion that causes a robot deformation or momentum such that the ZMP position is directed toward the inside of the ZMP stable region can be given to the ZMP behavior space.
- a legged mobile robot is If the ZMP moves between both feet, the stable area can be doubled by landing the swing leg at high speed, and the fall can be easily prevented.
- a second aspect of the present invention is a foot structure for a leg-type moving port boat having at least a plurality of movable legs,
- a sole buffer having a non-linear elastic characteristic which is arranged on a bottom surface of the foot frame and includes a region having a relatively large initial deformation amount and a region having a relatively small deformation amount thereafter; and
- An ankle connecting portion which is disposed substantially at the center of the upper surface of the leg, for connecting to the operating leg of the legged mobile robot,
- a foot structure for a legged mobile robot comprising:
- the sole buffer is constituted, for example, by arranging two or more cushion members having different heights at predetermined positions on the bottom surface of the foot frame. By combining buffer members having different heights, the non-linear deformation characteristics of the sole buffer can be realized relatively easily.
- the sole buffer begins to deform when it first comes into contact with the road surface, so that a sufficient cushioning effect can be expected.
- the amount of deformation per applied load decreases this time due to the nonlinear characteristics, so that the sole does not become unstable due to excessive deformation.
- the deformation and the momentum of the robot such that the ZMP position is directed toward the inside of the ZMP stable region are determined. It is possible to provide a ZMP behavior space with spatial distortion that causes it.
- the sole buffer may be provided inside and outside the bottom surface of the foot frame, respectively.
- the elastic modulus of the sole buffer may be set higher inside and outside the bottom surface of the foot frame and outside the inner side.
- the leg unit mounted on this foot frame is positioned inside or in the center of the robot's fuselage. It tilts toward the side (arch side), and moves the robot in the direction that doubles the stable area by landing the swing leg while directing the ZMP of the robot toward the inside of the fuselage. Can be derived.
- the foot frame may have a greater rigidity around a roll axis than around a bitch axis of the legged mobile robot. For example, by forming a concave portion at a predetermined portion on the upper surface and / or the bottom surface of the foot frame, the rigidity around the mouth axis can be strengthened rather than around the pitch axis of the legged mobile robot.
- a two-legged upright type legged mobile robot has a narrower range of ZMP in the lateral direction (direction around the roll axis) than in the walking direction, that is, in the front-back direction (direction around the pitch axis).
- the robustness against disturbance around the roll axis is low, very high control accuracy is required in the lateral direction, ie, around the roll axis.
- ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to the foot part structure which concerns on this invention, the rigidity about a mouth-axis axis
- a third aspect of the present invention is a legged moving robot of a type that performs a legged work with at least one pair of left and right movable leg units, wherein the movable leg unit has a joint-free position in the movable leg.
- At least one joint actuating unit for realizing the degree, and a first rigid inner support for supporting the joint actuating unit from the inside of the body of the legged mobile robot;
- An outer support having a second rigidity relatively larger than the first rigidity, for supporting the joint actuator from outside the body of the legged mobile robot;
- the left and right movable leg units have different rigidities between the outer support and the inner support, that is, as compared to the inner support.
- the disturbance induces the ZMP to move to the inside of the fuselage, that is, to the arch side. That is, it is possible to apply a spatial distortion to the ZMP behavior space that causes a deformation or a momentum of the robot such that the ZMP position moves toward the inside of the ZMP stable region.
- the legged mobile robot can double the stable area by landing the swing leg at high speed. Can be easily prevented from falling.
- the second stiffness is preferably a bending stiffness that is at least 1.2 times the first stiffness. More preferably, the second rigidity is more preferably about 1.5 to 2.0 times the first rigidity.
- Such a difference between the first rigidity and the second rigidity is realized by a difference in thickness between the inner support and the outer support.
- the difference between the first rigidity and the second rigidity is realized by a difference in shape between the inner support and the outer support.
- the difference between the first rigidity and the second rigidity is also realized by configuring the inner support and the outer support using materials having different strengths.
- the degree of freedom of the movable leg may include at least each degree of freedom around the thigh roll axis and the knee joint axis. Further, it may have a degree of freedom of an ankle joint for connection with the foot.
- a fourth aspect of the present invention is a movable leg unit used in a left-right combination for a legged mobile robot performing legged work
- One or more joint actuators for realizing the degree of freedom of the movable leg, and a first rigid inner support for supporting the joint actuator from the inside of the body of the legged mobile robot.
- Robots have a structure in which the rigidity of the outer support and the inner support of the left and right movable leg units differ, that is, a structure in which the rigidity (particularly, bending rigidity) of the outer support is stronger than that of the inner support. Becomes Therefore, even when an unexpected disturbance occurs in the robot body, it is possible to prevent the ZMP from moving to the outside of the body, that is, to the opposite side of the arch. As a result, the robustness of the entire legged mobile robot against lateral disturbance is enhanced, so that the attitude stabilization control of the aircraft is significantly facilitated.
- the disturbance induces the ZMP to move to the inside of the fuselage, that is, to the arch side. That is, a spatial distortion that causes a robot's deformation or momentum such that the ZMP position moves toward the inside of the ZMP stable region can be applied to the ZMP behavior space.
- a legged mobile robot equipped with the movable leg unit should land the free leg at high speed if the ZMP moves toward the arch side, that is, between the left and right legs due to an unexpected disturbance.
- the stable area can be doubled, and the fall can be easily prevented.
- the second stiffness is preferably a bending stiffness that is at least 1.2 times the first stiffness. More preferably, the second rigidity is more preferably about 1.5 to 2.0 times the first rigidity.
- Such a difference between the first rigidity and the second rigidity is realized by a difference in thickness between the inner support and the outer support.
- the difference between the first rigidity and the second rigidity is realized by a difference in shape between the inner support and the outer support.
- the difference between the first rigidity and the second rigidity is also realized by configuring the inner support and the outer support using materials having different strengths.
- the degree of freedom of the movable leg may include at least the degree of freedom about the thigh roll axis and the knee joint axis.
- the ankle joint may be provided with a degree of freedom for connection with the foot.
- a fifth aspect of the present invention is a method for controlling a legged mobile robot having two or more movable legs
- a method for controlling a legged mobile robot comprising:
- the ZMP is adopted as a criterion for determining the stability of the posture, but the stability is considered in consideration of the deformation amount and the momentum of the robot body.
- Control of the aircraft movement with the existing ZMP existence space That is, as the ZMP position deviates from the center of the ZMP stable region formed by the support polygon formed by the ground contact point of the movable leg and the road surface, the ZMP position is moved to the center of the ZMP stable region. Spatial distortion can be given to the ZMP behavior space in advance so that the deformation or momentum of the airframe occurs. As a result, even when the control mechanism of the aircraft does not have a sufficient response speed, high robustness against disturbances or the like can be obtained.
- the method of controlling a legged mobile robot according to a fifth aspect of the present invention further includes a step of changing a definition of a ZMP behavior space according to a contact state between the legged mobile robot and a road surface. Is also good.
- a maximum point and a Z or a minimum point in the ZMP behavior space may be arbitrarily specified. Further, a maximum point and / or a minimum point in the ZMP behavior space may be arbitrarily specified at an arbitrary time. Further, the maximum point and / or the minimum point in the ZMP behavior space may be arbitrarily determined according to the support state of the legs, such as the single-leg support period, the double-leg support period, and the single-leg support period. In such a case, when the robot performs legged work, it is possible to dynamically generate a ZMP behavior space with spatial distortion that facilitates stable posture control according to the gait that changes every moment. Further objects, features, and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from more detailed description based on embodiments of the present invention described below and the accompanying drawings.
- Fig. 1 shows the case where the robot ⁇
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a relationship between a ZMP position and a robot deformation (or momentum) (that is, a ZMP behavior space of the robot).
- Figure 2 shows the relationship between the ZMP position and the amount of robot deformation (or momentum) when the object is not actually rigid (that is, the ZMP behavior space of the robot).
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a state in which the “humanoid” or “humanoid” legged mobile robot 100 used in the embodiment of the present invention stands upright from the front.
- FIG. 4 is a view showing a state in which the “humanoid” or “humanoid” legged mobile robot 100 used in the embodiment of the present invention stands upright, as viewed from the rear.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram schematically illustrating a configuration of the degree of freedom of a joint included in the legged mobile robot 100.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram schematically showing a control system configuration of the legged mobile robot 100 according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a ZMP motion space representing a relationship between a deformation amount or a momentum of the robot and a ZMP position.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing another example of the configuration of the ZMP motion space showing the relationship between the amount of deformation or the amount of motion of the robot and the ZMP position.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing still another configuration example of the ZMP motion space representing the relationship between the amount of deformation or the amount of motion of the robot and the ZMP position.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing yet another configuration example of the ZMP behavior space representing the relationship between the robot's deformation or momentum and the ZMP position.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing yet another configuration example of the ZMP behavior space representing the relationship between the amount of deformation or momentum of the robot and the ZMP position.
- Fig. 12 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of the ZMP behavior space in the Y direction (the direction orthogonal to the traveling direction) of the left standing leg in the latter half of the single leg support period.
- Fig. 13 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of the ZMP behavior space in the X direction (moving direction) of the left standing leg in the latter half of the single leg support period.
- Fig. 14 is a diagram showing an example of an ideal configuration of the ZMP behavior space in the Y direction (direction perpendicular to the traveling direction) of the left standing leg in the latter half of the single leg support period.
- Figure 15 is a diagram showing an example of the ideal configuration of the ZMP behavior space in the X direction (moving direction) of the left standing leg in the latter half of the single leg support period.
- Figure 16 is a diagram showing an example of an ideal configuration of the ZMP behavior space in the Y direction (the direction perpendicular to the direction of travel) in the trunk at the end of the single-leg support period.
- Fig. 17 is a diagram showing an example of an ideal configuration of the ZMP behavior space in the X direction (moving direction) of the trunk at the end of the single-leg support period.
- Fig. 18 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of the ZMP behavior space in the Y direction (the direction perpendicular to the traveling direction) in the left standing leg during the two-leg support period.
- Figure 19 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of the ZMP behavior space in the X direction (moving direction) of the left standing leg during the two-leg support period.
- Fig. 20 is a diagram showing a configuration example of an ideal ZMP behavior space in the Y direction (the direction orthogonal to the traveling direction) in the left standing leg during the two-leg support period.
- Fig. 21 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of an ideal ZMP behavior space in the Y direction (the direction perpendicular to the traveling direction) in the left standing leg during the two-leg support period.
- Figure 22 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of an ideal ZMP behavior space in the Y direction (direction perpendicular to the direction of travel) in the trunk during the support phase of both legs.
- Figure 23 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of an ideal ZMP behavior space in the X direction (moving direction) of the trunk during the support phase of both legs.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a ZMP behavior space.
- Figure 25 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of the ZMP behavior space in the X direction (moving direction) of the right standing leg in the early single leg support period.
- Figure 26 is a diagram showing an example of the ideal ZMP behavior space in the Y direction (direction perpendicular to the direction of travel) in the right standing leg in the early single leg support period.
- Fig. 27 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of an ideal ZMP behavior space in the X direction (moving direction) of the right standing leg in the early single leg support period.
- Figure 28 is a diagram showing an example of the ideal ZMP behavior space in the Y direction (the direction perpendicular to the direction of travel) in the torso in the early single leg support period.
- Figure 29 is a diagram showing an example of the ideal ZMP behavior space in the X direction (moving direction) of the trunk in the early single leg support period.
- FIG. 30 is a perspective view showing the appearance of the front side of the left foot part applicable to the legged mobile robot 100 according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 31 is a perspective view showing the appearance of the back side of the left foot portion applicable to the legged mobile robot 100 according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 32 is a side view of the outside of the left foot.
- FIG. 33 is a bottom view of the left foot.
- FIG. 34 is a front view of the left foot.
- Figure 35 is a top view of the left foot.
- FIG. 36 is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA shown in FIG.
- Fig. 37 is a diagram comparing the elastic moduli of the sole cushioning material (inner) 405 and the sole cushioning material (outer) 404.
- FIG. 38 compares the amounts of deformation of the sole cushioning material (inner) 405 and the sole cushioning material (outer) 404.
- FIG. 39 is a diagram showing a perspective view of the upper surface of the foot frame 403.
- FIG. 40 is a diagram showing a perspective view of the bottom surface of the foot frame 403.
- FIG. 41 is a sectional view of the foot frame 403 divided in the roll axis direction.
- FIG. 42 is a diagram showing a state in which the rigidity of the foot frame 403 around the mouth axis is strengthened as compared to around the bitch axis.
- FIG. 43 is a perspective view showing the appearance of the front side of the left foot part according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 44 is a perspective view showing the appearance of the back side of the left foot portion according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 45 is a side view of the left foot portion according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 46 is a bottom view of the left foot portion according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 47 is a diagram schematically illustrating the configuration of each of the left and right legs 104 of the legged mobile robot 100 according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 48 is a side view (outside the arch) of the leg unit of the legged mobile robot 100 shown in FIG. 47.
- FIG. 49 is a front view of the leg unit of the legged mobile robot 1 ⁇ 0 shown in FIG.
- FIG. 50 is a side view (inside of the arch) of the leg unit of the legged mobile robot 100 shown in FIG.
- FIG. 51 is a diagram schematically showing a functional configuration of a control system 500 of the ZMP behavior space.
- FIGS. 3 and 4 show a state in which the “humanoid” or “humanoid” legged mobile robot 100 used in the practice of the present invention stands upright, as viewed from the front and the rear, respectively. Is shown.
- the legged mobile robot 100 is composed of a trunk 101, a head 102, left and right upper limbs 103, and left and right two legs that perform legged movements.
- a control unit 105 that controls the operation of the aircraft in a comprehensive manner.
- the left and right lower limbs 104 are composed of a thigh, a knee, a shin, an ankle, and a foot, and are connected at the lowermost end of the trunk by the hip. Also, each of the left and right The upper limb is composed of an upper arm, an elbow joint, and a forearm, and is connected by a shoulder joint at each of left and right side edges above the trunk. The head is connected to the center of the uppermost part of the trunk by a neck joint.
- the control unit 105 includes a controller (main control unit) that processes external input from each sensor (to be described later) and the like, which controls the operation of each joint unit constituting the legged moving robot 100, and a power supply circuit. It is a housing on which other peripheral devices are mounted. In addition, the control unit may include a communication interface communication device for remote operation. Further, in the examples shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the legged mobile robot 100 is dressed as if the control unit is carried on the back, but the installation location of the control unit is not particularly limited.
- the legged mobile robot 100 configured as described above can realize bipedal walking by controlling the whole body in cooperation with the control unit 105.
- Such bipedal walking is generally performed by repeating a walking cycle divided into each of the following operation periods. That is,
- Walking control in the legged mobile robot 100 is realized by planning the target trajectory of the lower limb in advance and correcting the planned trajectory in each of the above periods.
- the correction of the lower limb trajectory is stopped, and the waist height is corrected to a constant value using the total correction amount for the planned trajectory.
- a corrected trajectory is generated so that the relative positional relationship between the corrected ankle and waist of the leg is returned to the planned trajectory.
- the specific correction is performed by interpolation using a fifth-order polynomial so that the position, velocity, and acceleration for reducing the deviation from ZMP are continuous.
- FIG. 5 schematically shows the configuration of the degrees of freedom of the joints included in the legged mobile robot 100.
- the legged mobile robot 100 is composed of an upper limb including two arms and a head 1, a lower limb including two legs for realizing a moving operation, and an upper limb and a lower limb.
- This is a structure having a plurality of limbs, which is composed of a connecting part.
- the neck joint that supports the head 1 is a uniaxial joint 2 of the neck joint, a pitch axis 3 of the neck joint, and a neck joint It has three degrees of freedom, the roll axis 4.
- Each arm has a shoulder joint pitch axis 8, a shoulder joint roll axis 9, a humeral joint uniaxial axis 10, an elbow joint pitch axis 11, a forearm joint axis 1 2, and a wrist joint pitch axis 13. It is composed of a wrist joint roll axis 14 and a hand part 15.
- the hand part 15 is actually a multi-joint multi-degree-of-freedom structure including a plurality of fingers. However, since the movement of the hand portion 15 has little contribution or influence on the posture control and the walking control of the robot 100, it is assumed in this specification that the degree of freedom is zero. Therefore, each arm has seven degrees of freedom.
- the torso has three degrees of freedom: a body pitch axis 5, a # ⁇ roll axis 6, and a male single axis 7.
- each leg constituting the lower limb has a hip joint axis 16, a hip joint pitch axis 17, a hip joint roll axis 18, a knee joint pitch axis 19, an ankle joint pitch axis 20, and an ankle It is composed of a joint roll shaft 21 and a foot 22.
- the foot 22 of the human body is actually a structure including a sole with multiple joints and multiple degrees of freedom, but the sole of the leg-type moving port bot 100 according to the present embodiment has zero degrees of freedom. . Therefore, each leg has 6 degrees of freedom.
- the legged mobile robot 100 for the Entrance is not necessarily limited to 32 degrees of freedom. It goes without saying that the degree of freedom, that is, the number of joints, can be appropriately increased or decreased according to design constraints and manufacturing constraints and required specifications.
- Each degree of freedom of the legged mobile robot 100 as described above is actually implemented using an actuator. Due to demands such as eliminating extra bulges in appearance and approximating the shape of a human body, and controlling the posture of an unstable structure such as bipedal walking, Actu Yue must be small and lightweight. Is preferred.
- a small AC servo actuator which is directly connected to a gear and integrated into a motor unit with a single-unit servo control system, is mounted.
- This type of AC servo actuator is disclosed, for example, in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2000-29997, which has already been assigned to the present applicant (Japanese Patent Application No. 11-3333). 86 No. 6).
- control system includes a thinking control module 200 that dynamically determines emotions and expresses emotions in response to user input and the like, and a robotic whole body coordination such as driving a joint actuary. It is composed of the motion control @ joule 300 that controls the motion.
- the thought control module 200 is a CPU (Central Processing Unit) 211 that executes arithmetic processing related to emotion judgment and emotional expression, a RAM (Random Access Memory 212), a ROM (Read Only Memory) 211, It is an independent drive type information processing device composed of an external storage device (hard disk drive, etc.) 214 and capable of performing self-contained processing in a module.
- CPU Central Processing Unit
- RAM Random Access Memory
- ROM Read Only Memory
- the thought control module 200 is a CPU (Central Processing Unit) 211 that executes arithmetic processing related to emotion judgment and emotional expression, and a RAM (Random Access Memory)
- the legged mobile robot responds to external stimuli, such as visual data input from the image input device 251, and auditory data input from the voice input device 255. Determine the current emotions and intentions of 100. Further, it issues a command to the motion control module 300 to execute an action or action sequence (behavior) based on the decision, that is, the movement of the limb.
- external stimuli such as visual data input from the image input device 251, and auditory data input from the voice input device 255.
- the motion control module 300 issues a command to the motion control module 300 to execute an action or action sequence (behavior) based on the decision, that is, the movement of the limb.
- One of the motion control modules 300 is a CPU (Central Processing Unit) c5 11 that controls the whole body cooperative motion of the robot 100, and a RAM (R back om Access Memory)
- CPU Central Processing Unit
- RAM Random Access Memory
- ROM (Read Only Memory) 3 1 3 and external storage device (hard disk drive, etc.) 3 14 can perform self-contained processing in the module. It is an independently driven information processing device. In the external storage device 3 14, for example, a walking pattern, a ZMP target trajectory, and other action plans calculated offline can be stored.
- the motion control module 300 has a robot 100 One joint workout to realize the degree of freedom of the joints (see Fig. 5), a posture sensor that measures the posture and inclination of the trunk, 351, a grounding confirmation sensor that detects when the left and right soles have left or landed on the floor Various devices such as a power control device that manages power such as a battery and a battery are connected via a bus interface 301.
- the thought control module 200 and the motion control module 300 are built on a common platform, and are interconnected via bus-in interfaces 201 and 301.
- the motion control module 300 controls the whole body cooperative motion by each joint actuator to embody the behavior specified by the thought control module 200. That is, the CPU 310 retrieves an operation pattern corresponding to the behavior instructed from the thought control module 200 from the external storage device 314 or internally generates a motion pattern. Then, the CPU 311 sets foot movement, ZMP trajectory, # ⁇ movement, upper limb movement, waist horizontal position and height, etc., according to the specified movement pattern, and according to these settings. The command value for instructing the operation is transferred to each joint factory.
- the CPU 311 detects the posture and inclination of the robot 100 by the output signal of the posture sensor 351, and each movable by the output signals of the grounding confirmation sensors 352 and 353. By detecting whether the leg is in the free leg state or the standing state, the whole body cooperative movement of the legged mobile robot 100 can be adaptively controlled.
- the CPU 311 controls the attitude and movement of the aircraft so that the ZMP position always faces the center of the ZMP stable region.
- the motion control module 300 returns to the thought control module 200 the extent to which the action determined in the thought control module 200 has been performed as intended, that is, the processing status. I'm sorry
- Z MP Zero Moment Point
- the robot's posture stability control using ZMP as a stability discrimination criterion is to search for a point where the beach and mouth axis moments become zero inside the supporting polygon formed by the ground contact point and the road surface. Based on doing. According to the generation of bipedal walking patterns based on the Z MP stability discrimination criteria, the landing point of the sole can be set in advance, and it is easy to consider the kinematic constraint condition of the toe according to the road surface shape There are advantages such as. In addition, using Z MP as a stability discrimination criterion means that a trajectory, not a force, is treated as a target value for motion control, which increases the technical feasibility.
- the ZMP norm is only a norm that can be applied only when it can be assumed that the body and road surface of the mouth bot are as close as possible to a rigid body. That is, if it is not possible to assume that the robot or the road surface is as close as possible to a rigid body, for example, when the robot moves at high speed, the force acting on the ZMP (translation) and the impact force at the time of switching the standing position increase. If deformation or movement occurs in the robot itself, the space itself in which the ZMP exists becomes unstable unless the amount of deformation of the robot with respect to the applied force is properly managed. Even if the robot posture satisfies the ZMP stability discrimination criteria, the robot posture becomes unstable due to the unstable ZMP position.
- a robot's system configuration having a stable ZMP behavior space in consideration of the deformation amount and the momentum of the robot body is adopted.
- the ZMP behavior space is defined by the ZMP position and the floor reaction force received by the aircraft from the floor, but in this embodiment, the ZMP behavior space is specified in the ZMP behavior space so that the amount of deformation and momentum to stabilize the aircraft is generated. Distortion Or predetermined characteristics are given in advance.
- the positive or negative of the deformation (or momentum) of the robot is the direction in which negative causes spatial distortion that attempts to move the ZMP to the edge of the stable area, and positive is the ZMP in the center of the stable area. Note that this is the direction in which the spatial distortion that is to be moved is caused.
- Fig. 7 shows a configuration example of the ZMP behavior space that represents the relationship between the amount of deformation or the amount of movement of the robot and the ZMP position.
- the ZMP behavior space is constituted by a non-linear curve represented by a parabola or an arc. Although not shown, it may include discontinuities and inflection points.
- the deformation (or momentum) of the robot increases in the positive direction.
- the effect of generating a spatial distortion to move the ZMP to the center of the stable region works, so that it is also easy to maintain the attitude stability of the aircraft.
- FIG. 8 shows another example of the configuration of the ZMP behavior space representing the relationship between the amount of deformation or the amount of motion of the robot and the ZMP position.
- the ZMP behavior space consists of a linear straight line near the center of the ZMP stable region, and nonlinear curves connected at the left and right ends, with a discontinuity between the straight line and the curve. Contains dots. Although not shown, an inflection point may be included.
- the robot When the ZMP position is near the center of the ZMP stable region, the robot does not lose its attitude stability as it is flat, ie, there is no large deformation (or momentum) in the robot.
- FIG. 9 shows still another configuration example of the ZMP behavior space representing the relationship between the amount of deformation or momentum of the robot and the ZMP position.
- the ZMP behavior space is configured by connecting a plurality of linear straight lines, and includes a plurality of discontinuous points.
- the ZMP behavior space is a straight line with a relatively gentle slope. Is formed. Also, when the distance from the ZMP center position reaches a predetermined value, the relative inclination in which the deformation (or the amount of movement) of the robot rapidly increases in the positive direction according to the distance from the ZMP center position is increased. A steep straight line forms the ZMP behavior space.
- FIG. 10 shows still another configuration example of the ZMP behavior space representing the relationship between the amount of deformation or momentum of the robot and the ZMP position.
- the ZMP behavior space is composed of a non-linear curve, has a local minimum at approximately the center of the ZMP stable area, and has a local maximum near the boundary of the ZMP stable area. ing.
- FIG. 11 shows yet another configuration example of the ZMP behavior space representing the relationship between the deformation amount or the momentum of the robot and the ZMP position.
- the ZMP behavior space is formed by a relatively gentle straight line whose deformation (or momentum) gradually increases in the negative direction according to the distance from the ZMP center position. Is done. When the distance from the ZMP center position reaches a predetermined value, the surface becomes flat.
- the ZMP behavior space in this case is such that the deformation (or momentum) of the mouth bot acts only in the negative direction at any position in the ZMP stable region, and when the ZMP position is more than a certain distance from its center position, However, the spatial distortion that attempts to move the ZMP out of the stable region is constant. Therefore, it can be said that the ZMP behavior space is unstable but relatively easy to control.
- the ZMP behavior space takes as an example a case where a two-legged robot 100 as shown in FIGS. 3 to 5 performs a walking motion.
- the ZMP behavior space is given a spatial distortion such that the ZMP position is directed substantially to the center of the ZMP stable region, and the floor reaction force is applied so that the ZMP position naturally moves in a direction in which the aircraft stabilizes.
- the amount of deformation or the amount of momentum of the body according to is generated.
- Figures 12 and 13 show examples of the configuration of the ZMP behavior space in the Y direction (the direction perpendicular to the traveling direction) and the X direction (the traveling direction) of the left standing leg in the latter half of the single leg support period.
- the ZMP behavior space in the Y direction of the left standing leg in the latter half of the monopod support period is negative as the ZMP position deviates from the center of the ZMP stable region when the floor reaction force is small. That is, the robot's deformation or momentum is generated such that the ZMP position moves away from the center of the ZMP stable area, but as the floor reaction force increases, the ZMP position moves toward the outside of the fuselage. When this happens, a spatial distortion is applied so that the robot's deformation or momentum no longer occurs. As a result, in the case of the left standing leg as a support leg, the curve moves almost linearly with the movement amount of the MP position in the Y direction. Amount is reduced.
- the left stance bends inward when the ZMP position moves inside the aircraft, and the left stance bends outward when the ZMP position moves outside the aircraft.
- the left standing leg is configured to be harder to turn outward even if the ZMP position moves to the outside of the aircraft.
- the floor reaction force is said to be “large” when the floor reaction force is 100 or more, and when the floor reaction force is approximately 20 to 100
- the floor reaction force is called “medium”, and when the floor reaction force is less than 20, the floor reaction force is called “small” (the same applies hereinafter).
- the floor reaction force is small it means the floor reaction force that is applied to the other foot when one foot supports the whole body during both feet support period .
- the ZMP behavior space in the X direction of the left stance in the later stage of the single leg support period becomes negative as the ZMP position deviates from the center of the ZMP stable region, that is, the ZMP position.
- the space where the amount of deformation or momentum generated in the fuselage gradually decreases as the floor reaction force increases Distortion is applied.
- the amount of bending decreases almost linearly with the amount of movement of the ZMP position in the X direction.
- the left stance bends forward when the ZMP position moves to the front of the aircraft, and the left stance bends backward when the ZMP position moves to the rear of the aircraft.
- the left stance is configured to be less likely to bend as the force increases, regardless of whether the ZMP position moves forward or backward.
- Figures 14 and 15 show examples of the ideal ZMP behavior space in the Y direction (direction perpendicular to the direction of travel) and the X direction (direction of travel) of the left standing leg in the late single leg support period. ing.
- the ideal ZMP behavior space in the Y direction for the left standing leg in the later stage of the single leg support period is such that when the floor reaction force is small, the ZMP position becomes more negative as the ZMP position deviates from the center of the ZMP stable region, Those whose position deviates from the center of the Z MP stable area
- the ZMP position shifts away from the center of the ZMP stable area, that is, the ZMP position moves in the positive direction, that is, the ZMP position moves in the ZMP stable area.
- a spatial distortion is applied so that the robot's deformation or momentum toward the center is generated.
- the left stance turns inward when the ZMP position moves to the inside of the aircraft, and the left stance moves outward when the ZMP position moves to the outside of the aircraft.
- the floor reaction force increases, conversely, when the ZMP position moves to the inside of the aircraft, the left stance turns outward and when the ZMP position moves to the outside of the aircraft, the left stance moves inward. It is configured to bend toward. Also, as shown in Fig.
- the ideal ZMP behavior space in the X direction for the left standing leg in the latter half of the single leg support period is such that when the floor reaction force is small, the ZMP position deviates from the center of the ZMP stable region
- the robot's deformation or momentum moves in the negative direction, that is, the ZMP position moves away from the center of the ZMP stable area.
- a spatial distortion is applied such that the robot's deformation or momentum is generated such that the ZMP position moves toward the center of the ZMP stable region in the positive direction as it deviates from the center of the region.
- the left stance bends forward when the ZMP position moves to the front of the fuselage, and the left stance moves rearward when the ZMP position moves to the rear of the fuselage.
- the left stance turns backward and when the ZMP position moves to the rear of the aircraft, the left stance moves forward. It is configured to bend toward.
- Figures 16 and 17 show examples of the ideal ZMP behavior space in the Y direction (direction perpendicular to the direction of travel) and the X direction (direction of travel) of the trunk in the latter half of the monopod support period, respectively. Is shown.
- the ideal ZMP behavior space in the Y direction in the trunk at the end of the single-leg support period is as follows: when the floor reaction force is small, the ZMP position becomes more negative as the ZMP position deviates from the center of the ZMP stable region, that is, ZMP.
- the robot's deformation or momentum is generated such that the position moves away from the center of the ZMP stable area, but the floor reaction force is large.
- spatial distortion that causes a robot deformation or momentum such that the ZMP position moves toward the center of the ZMP stable region as the ZMP position moves away from the center of the ZMP stable region. has been given.
- the part bends inward when the ZMP position moves inside the aircraft, and the part bends outward when the ZMP position moves outside the aircraft.
- the trunk turns inward It is configured as follows. Also, as shown in Fig. 17, the ideal ZMP behavior space in the X direction at the trunk in the late single leg support period is such that when the floor reaction force is small, the ZMP position deviates from the center of the ZMP stable region.
- the robot's deformation or momentum moves in the negative direction, that is, the ZMP position moves away from the center of the ZMP stable area. Spatial distortion is generated such that the robot's deformation or momentum is generated such that the ZMP position moves toward the center of the ZMP stable region in the positive direction as it deviates from the center of the region.
- the trunk turns forward when the ZMP position moves forward of the fuselage, and the remote ⁇ section moves backward when the ZMP position moves backward.
- the trunk turns backward and when the ZMP position moves to the rear of the fuselage, the ⁇ part moves forward. It is configured to bend toward.
- Figures 18 and 19 show examples of the configuration of the ZMP behavior space in the Y direction (the direction perpendicular to the traveling direction) and the X direction (the traveling direction) of the left standing leg during the two-leg support period.
- the ZMP behavior space in the Y direction of the left standing leg during the two-leg support period is such that as the ZMP position deviates from the center of the ZMP stable region,
- the robot generates deformation or momentum in a direction away from the robot, but as the floor reaction force increases, spatial distortion occurs such that the deformation or momentum generated in the fuselage gradually decreases.
- Both legs In the support period the rigidity of the ZMP behavior space is higher and the spatial distortion is smaller than in the single-leg support period, in which the legs are supported by two legs.
- the bending amount of the left stance decreases almost linearly with the movement amount of the ZMP position in the Y direction.
- the left stance bends inward when the ZMP position moves inside the aircraft, and the left stance bends outward when the ZMP position moves outside the aircraft.
- the left standing leg is configured to be difficult to bend whether the ZMP position moves inward or outward.
- the ZMP behavior space in the X direction of the left standing leg during the two-leg support period is such that, as the ZMP position deviates from the center of the ZMP stable region, the negative direction, that is, the ZMP position becomes the center of the ZMP stable region.
- the robot deforms or moves in a direction away from the robot, but the space distortion is applied so that the deformation or momentum generated in the fuselage gradually decreases as the floor reaction force increases. .
- the rigidity of the ZMP behavior space is higher and the spatial distortion is smaller than in the single-leg supporting period in which one leg supports the two legs because it is supported by two legs.
- the amount of bending of the left stance decreases almost linearly with the amount of movement of the ZMP position in the X direction.
- the left standing leg is configured to be difficult to bend whether the ZMP position moves forward or backward.
- the amount of bending of the legs is smaller than that in the single-leg support period, in which the legs are supported by two legs.
- Figures 20 and 21 show examples of ideal ZMP behavior space configurations in the Y direction (direction perpendicular to the direction of travel) and the X direction (direction of travel) of the left standing leg during the two-leg support period. .
- the ideal ZMP movement space in the Y direction on the left standing leg during the two-leg support period becomes negative as the ZMP position moves away from the center of the ZMP stable region.
- the robot's deformation or momentum is generated such that the direction, that is, the ZMP position moves away from the center of the ZMP stable area, but the floor reaction force is large.
- spatial distortion is generated such that the robot's deformation or momentum occurs in the positive direction, that is, the ZMP position moves toward the center of the ZMP stable region.
- the rigidity of the ZMP behavior space becomes higher and the spatial distortion is smaller than in the single-leg support period supported by one leg.
- the left stance bends inward when the ZMP position moves inside the aircraft, and the left stance bends outward when the ZMP position moves outside the aircraft.
- the left stance turns outward when the ZMP position moves inside the aircraft, and the left stance turns inward when the ZMP position moves outside the aircraft. It is configured to bend. Since the legs are supported by two legs during the double-leg support period, the amount of bending of the legs is smaller than that of the single-leg support period in which one leg supports.
- the ideal ZMP behavior space in the X direction for the left standing leg during the two-leg support period is negative when the floor reaction force is small, as the ZMP position moves away from the center of the ZMP stable region.
- the robot's deformation or momentum is generated such that the direction, that is, the ZMP position moves away from the center of the ZMP stable area, but as the floor reaction force increases, the ZMP position changes to the ZMP stable area.
- a spatial distortion is generated such that a robot deformation or momentum occurs such that the ZMP position moves toward the center of the ZMP stable region.
- the rigidity of the ZMP behavior space becomes higher and the spatial distortion is smaller than in the single-leg support period in which one leg supports.
- the left stance turns forward when the ZMP position moves forward of the aircraft, and the left stance faces rearward when the ZMP position moves behind the aircraft.
- the left stance turns backward and when the ZMP position moves to the rear of the aircraft, the left stance Is configured to bend forward. Since the legs are supported by two legs in the double-leg support period, the amount of leg bending is small compared to the single-leg support period in which one leg is supported.
- Figures 22 and 23 show the Y-direction (perpendicular to the direction of travel) Examples of the ideal ZMP behavior space in the X-direction (traveling direction) and the X-direction (traveling direction) are shown.
- the ideal ZMP movement space in the Y direction at the trunk during the two-leg support period is negative when the floor reaction force is small, as the ZMP position moves away from the center of the ZMP stable region.
- the robot's deformation or momentum is generated such that the direction, that is, the ZMP position moves away from the center of the ZMP stable area, but as the floor reaction force increases, the ZMP position changes to the ZMP stable area.
- a spatial distortion is applied so that the robot's deformation or momentum is generated in such a way that the ZMP position moves toward the center of the ZMP stable region in the positive direction as it moves away from the center.
- the rigidity of the ZMP behavior space becomes higher and the spatial distortion is smaller than in the single-leg support period supported by one leg.
- the ideal ZMP behavior space in the X direction at the trunk during the two-leg support period is negative as the floor reaction force is small, as the ZMP position deviates from the center of the ZMP stable region.
- Direction that is, the ZMP position moves away from the center of the ZMP stable area, but the robot's deformation or momentum occurs, but as the floor reaction force increases, conversely, the ZMP position moves to the ZMP stable area.
- Spatial distortion is generated such that the robot's deformation or momentum is generated such that the ZMP position moves toward the center of the ZMP stable region as it moves away from the center.
- the rigidity of the ZMP behavior space is higher and the spatial distortion is smaller than in the single-leg support period in which one leg supports.
- the ⁇ part bends forward when the ZMP position moves forward of the fuselage, and the part bends backward when the ZMP position moves behind the fuselage.
- the floor reaction force increased, on the contrary, when the ZMP position moved to the front of the aircraft, the! ⁇ Section turned backward and the ZMP position moved to the rear of the aircraft.
- the part is configured to bend forward.
- Figures 24 and 25 show examples of the configuration of the ZMP behavior space in the Y direction (direction perpendicular to the direction of travel) and the X direction (direction of travel) of the left standing leg in the early single leg support period.
- the ZMP behavior space in the Y direction of the right standing leg in the first half of the single leg support period is negative when the floor reaction force is small as the ZMP position deviates from the center of the ZMP stable region. That is, the amount of deformation or momentum of the robot occurs such that the ZMP position moves away from the center of the ZMP stable area, but as the floor reaction force increases, the ZMP position moves toward the outside of the fuselage. In this case, a spatial distortion is given such that no robot deformation or momentum is generated. As a result, in the right standing leg as a supporting leg, the amount of bending decreases almost linearly with the amount of movement of the ZMP position in the Y direction.
- the right stance bends inward when the ZMP position moves inside the aircraft, and the right stance bends outward when the ZMP position moves outside the aircraft.
- the right stance is configured to be harder to turn outward even if the ZMP position moves to the outside of the fuselage.
- the ZMP behavior space in the X direction of the right stance in the early stage of the single leg support period the more the ZMP position deviates from the center of the ZMP stable region, Although the robot's deformation or momentum moves in the direction away from the center of the ZMP stable region, spatial distortion such that the deformation or momentum generated in the aircraft gradually decreases as the floor reaction force increases.
- the amount of bending decreases almost linearly with the amount of movement of the ZMP position in the X direction.
- the right stance bends forward when the ZMP position moves forward of the aircraft, and the right stance bends backward when the ZMP position moves behind the aircraft.
- the right stance is configured to be difficult to bend as the force increases, regardless of whether the ZMP position moves forward or backward.
- Figures 26 and 27 show examples of ideal ZMP behavior space in the Y direction (direction perpendicular to the direction of travel) and the X direction (direction of travel) of the right standing leg in the early stage of monopod support. It shows.
- the ideal ZMP behavior space in the Y direction for the right standing leg in the early stage of the single leg support period is as follows:
- the ZMP position deviates from the center of the ZMP stable region in the negative direction, that is, ZMP.
- the amount of deformation or momentum of the robot is such that the position moves away from the center of the ZMP stable area, but as the floor reaction force increases, the more the ZMP position moves away from the center of the ZMP stable area,
- the direction, that is, the spatial distortion that gives rise to the deformation or the momentum of the mouthboat such that the ZMP position is directed to the center of the ZMP stable region is given.
- the right stance turns outward when the ZMP position moves to the outside of the aircraft, and the right stance turns inward when the ZMP position moves to the inside of the aircraft.
- the floor reaction force increases, conversely, when the ZMP position moves to the outside of the fuselage, the right stance turns inward, and when the ZMP position moves to the inside of the fuselage, the right stance changes to the outside. It is configured to bend toward.
- the ideal ZMP behavior space in the X direction for the right standing leg in the early single leg support period is such that when the floor reaction force is small, the ZMP position deviates from the center of the ZMP stable region.
- the robot's deformation or momentum moves in the negative direction, that is, the ZMP position moves away from the center of the ZMP stable area.
- Spatial distortion is generated such that the robot's deformation or momentum is generated such that the positive direction, that is, the ZMP position moves toward the center of the ZMP stable region, as it deviates from the center of the region.
- the right stance bends forward when the ZMP position moves forward of the aircraft, and the right stance bends backward when the ZMP position moves behind the aircraft.
- the floor reaction force increases, conversely, when the ZMP position moves to the front of the aircraft, the right stance turns backward, and when the ZMP position moves to the rear of the aircraft, the right stance moves forward. It is configured to bend.
- Figures 28 and 29 show examples of the ideal ZMP behavior space in the Y direction (the direction perpendicular to the direction of travel) and the X direction (the direction of travel) of the torso in the early single leg support period. Is shown.
- the ideal ZMP behavior space in the Y direction in the torso in the early stage of the single-leg support period is such that when the floor reaction force is small, the ZMP position becomes more negative as the ZMP position deviates from the center of the ZMP stable region, that is, ZMP.
- the robot's deformation or momentum is generated such that the position moves away from the center of the ZMP stable region, but as the floor reaction force increases, the ZMP position moves away from the center of the ZMP stable region.
- the spatial distortion is given so that the robot's deformation or momentum occurs in the positive direction, that is, the ZMP position goes to the center of the ZMP stable region.
- the part bends outward and when the ZMP position moves to the inside of the fuselage, the part bends inward.
- the floor reaction force increases, conversely, when the ZMP position moves to the outside of the fuselage, the ⁇ part bends inward, and when the ZMP position moves to the inside of the fuselage, the trunk changes to the outside. It is configured to bend. Also, as shown in Fig.
- the trunk turns forward when the ZMP position moves to the front of the fuselage, and the trunk moves rearward when the ZMP position moves to the rear of the fuselage.
- the trunk turns backward and when the ZMP position moves backward of the fuselage, the It is configured to bend toward.
- Section B defines the ZMP position and floor reaction force, not only relying on the ZMP stability discrimination criteria, but also considering that it is not possible to assume that the robot or road surface is as close as possible to a rigid body.
- This section describes an example of the configuration of a legged mobile robot equipped with a hardware-like ZMP behavior space in which spatial distortion is given so as to guide the aircraft stably.
- FIG. 30 shows the appearance of the front side of the left foot portion applicable to the legged mobile robot 100 according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- Fig. 31 shows the appearance of the back side of the left foot part.
- Figures 32 to 35 show a side view (external side), bottom view, front view, and top view of the left foot.
- FIG. 36 shows a cross-sectional view taken along line AA shown in FIG.
- the “back side” of the foot refers to the bottom surface, that is, the surface in contact with the road surface
- the “front side” of the foot refers to the upper surface on the opposite side.
- the “inside” of the foot refers to the part inside the fuselage (for example, the right side, ie, the arch side for the left foot)
- the “outside” of the foot refers to the part inside the fuselage (for example, the left foot). If there is, it should point to the left side, that is, the side opposite the arch.
- the foot is composed of a foot frame 403 and a cover 402 covering the upper surface thereof.
- the cover 402 is formed of a hollow structure for weight reduction and the like.
- an ankle connecting portion 401 connected by a corresponding movable leg unit and an ankle joint is provided.
- Structures such as the foot frame 403, the cover 402, and the ankle connecting portion 401 are manufactured using a lightweight and highly rigid material such as ultra-duralumin, for example.
- the sole cushioning material (outer) and the sole cushioning material (inner) are located along the front, rear, left and right side edges of the bottom surface of the sole frame. 5, and sole cushioning material (Front) 406 and sole cushioning material (Rear) 407 are provided.
- These buffer materials 404 to 407 can be formed using an elastic body having a predetermined elastic coefficient, such as urethane rubber.
- the sole cushioning material (outside) 404 is roughly composed of raised portions 404-a at both ends and recessed portions 404-b between them. It is a concave structure.
- the sole cushioning material (inner) 405 is also formed of a substantially concave structure with both ends raised, and the bottom of the foot is provided with four corners. A convex part is formed.
- the depth of the concave shape of each sole buffer material (outside / inside) 404 and 405 may be, for example, about 0.5 mm.
- the sole When the sole is grounded to the road surface and a reaction force is applied from the road surface, it is initially supported only on the raised portion 4 0 4-a, so the elastic coefficient decreases (that is, the amount of deformation with respect to external force) Is bigger).
- the shrinkage of the part 404-a progresses and reaches the same height as the concave part 404-b, it will be supported by the entire bottom surface of the cushioning material 404.
- the elastic modulus increases (that is, the amount of deformation with respect to external force decreases).
- the deformation characteristics of the cushioning members against a load such as a floor reaction force can be made non-linear.
- the floor reaction force is small, such as when walking normally, the foot frame is supported only by the protrusions formed at the four corners of the sole.
- the cushioning material 404 to 407 provided on the sole will be supported on the entire surface, and the ground contact surface will be received. The characteristics of the impact force change, and it is possible to appropriately cope with the impact force.
- the sole buffer begins to deform when it first comes into contact with the road surface, so that a sufficient cushioning effect can be expected.
- the amount of deformation per applied load decreases this time due to the nonlinear characteristics, so that the sole does not become unstable due to excessive deformation.
- the sole cushioning material (outer) 404 and the sole cushioning material (inner) 405 have different elastic characteristics. More specifically, as shown in Fig. 37, the elastic modulus of the sole cushioning material (outer) is set to be larger than that of the sole cushioning material (inner). I have. As a result, the deformation of the sole cushioning material (outside) 404 and the sole cushioning material (inner) 405 becomes non-linear between normal walking and when an impact force is applied. As shown, the amount of deformation in the non-linear region is larger for the sole cushioning material (inner) 405 than for the sole cushioning material (outer) 404.
- the sole cushioning material (inner) 405 Due to the difference in the deformation characteristics between the sole cushioning material (inner) 405 and the sole cushioning material (outer) 404, when a high impact force is applied, the sole cushioning material (inner) 400 5 will sink deeper. As a result, the leg unit (not shown) mounted on the foot frame 403 tilts toward the inside of the fuselage, that is, toward the center side (the arch side), and the ZMP position of the robot is shifted to the fuselage. Landing the inner side, ie, the free leg, has the effect of moving the ZMP stable area in the direction of doubling.
- the ZMP position is the center of the ZMP stable region.
- the amount of deformation or momentum of the robot is generated such that the ZMP position moves away from the center of the ZMP stable area, but as the floor reaction force increases, the ZMP position becomes the center of the ZMP stable area.
- spatial distortion is generated such that the deformation or momentum of the robot is generated such that the ZMP position is directed toward the center of the ZMP stable region. Therefore, as already described with reference to FIGS.
- the floor reaction force in each phase of the later stage of supporting a single leg, the stage of supporting both legs, and the earlier stage of supporting a single leg is reduced.
- the stance bends inward when the ZMP position moves to the inside, and when the ZMP position moves to the outside of the fuselage, the stance leg turns outward, but as the floor reaction force increases, Conversely, when the ZMP position moves inside the fuselage, the standing leg bends outward, and when the ZMP position moves outside the fuselage, the standing leg bends inward.
- the non-linear deformation characteristics of the cushioning material can be obtained by laminating elastic bodies having different elastic coefficients besides providing the above-described uneven shape on the cross section of the cushioning material.
- materials such as the shape and area of the bottom surface of the cushioning material used and the elastic modulus By varying the quality, the deformation characteristics can be easily differentiated between the inside (arch side) and the outside (opposite the arch).
- FIG. 39 shows a perspective view of the upper surface of the foot frame 403.
- FIG. 40 shows a perspective view of the bottom surface of the foot frame 403.
- the foot frame 403 is a flat plate structure made of a lightweight and highly rigid material such as ultra duralumin.
- a concave portion (a) 403—a and a concave portion (b) 403_b are respectively provided one at each of the front and rear. I have.
- an arrangement position 403-f of the ankle connecting component is set.
- a concave portion (c) 403-c is formed substantially at the center of the bottom surface of the foot frame 403, and a convex portion (e) 4 0 3—e is formed.
- FIG. 41 is a cross-sectional view of the foot frame 403 divided along the roll axis direction (that is, the front and rear direction of the fuselage).
- each of the recesses 40 3-a, 40 3-b, and 40 3-c has the rigidity of the entire foot by reducing the thickness of the flat plate frame 400. This has the effect of adjusting the balance.
- the legged robot 100 on a two-legged upright evening is compared to the walking direction, that is, the front-back direction (the direction around the pitch axis).
- the range of ZMP in the lateral direction is narrow.
- the rigidity around the roll axis can be enhanced by adopting the structure of the foot frame 403 as shown in FIGS. 39 to 41, and the mouth bust against lateral disturbance can be enhanced. Can be derived.
- the ZMP position is located outside the fuselage in each phase of the single-leg support phase, the double-leg support phase, and the single-leg support phase. When moved, the stance is configured to bend inward.
- FIG. 43 shows the appearance of the front side of the left foot according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 44 shows the appearance of the back side of the same left foot part.
- FIG. 45 and FIG. 46 respectively show a side view (however, an outer side surface) and a bottom view of the same left foot part.
- the foot is composed of a foot frame 503 and a cover 502 covering the upper surface thereof.
- the cover 502 is formed of a hollow structure for weight reduction and the like.
- an ankle connecting portion 501 connected to the corresponding movable leg unit by an ankle joint.
- the foot frame 503 is formed of a flat plate structure in which at least one concave portion is formed substantially at the center of the upper surface and the lower surface, similarly to the above-described embodiment shown in FIGS.
- the rigidity balance around the pitch axis and the roll axis is adjusted. In other words, the stiffness around the mouth axis is enhanced compared to the pitch axis (see Fig. 43), and the effect of significantly improving mouth bust against lateral disturbance is derived. ing.
- the structures such as the foot frame 503, the cover 502, and the ankle connecting part 501 are manufactured using a lightweight and highly rigid material such as ultra-duralumin, for example. Id.).
- the front and rear of the foot frame At the four corners on the left and right, the sole cushioning material (outside one) 504, the sole cushioning material (outside-front) 505, and the sole cushioning material (inner one rear) 506, Sole cushioning material (outside and outside) 507 is provided.
- one sole cushion (508 in the middle) is arranged along the inner (arch side) side edge, and two sole cushions along the outer side edge of the sole. (Outside-medium) 509-a and 509_b are provided.
- These cushioning members 504 to 509 can be formed using an elastic body having an elastic coefficient set to a predetermined value, such as urethane rubber.
- the sole cushioning material (inside-medium) 508 disposed at approximately the center of the sole and the sole cushioning material disposed substantially at the center of the outside of the sole 509-a and 509-b are configured to be shorter than the other sole cushions 504 to 507 arranged at the four corners of the sole.
- the height difference t may be, for example, about 0.5 mm.
- the difference in height between the cushioning materials can give a non-linear component to the elastic properties of the sole as a whole (see Figs. 37 to 38).
- the elastic modulus decreases because the sole is initially supported only by the four tall sole cushions 504 to 507. That is, the amount of deformation with respect to external force is large).
- the sole cushioning material 504 to 507 at the four corners contracts, and the sole cushioning material (inside-medium) 508, the sole cushioning material (outside-medium) 509- After reaching the same level as that of a and 509_b, all the cushioning materials will be supported by 504 to 509, and the elastic modulus will be large (that is, the amount of deformation with respect to external force is Smaller).
- the floor reaction force It is possible to make the deformation characteristics of the cushioning material non-linear with respect to loads such as.
- the floor reaction force is small, such as when walking normally, the foot frame is supported only by the protrusions formed at the four corners of the sole.
- the floor reaction force exceeds a predetermined value due to an impact at the time of landing, etc., all the cushioning materials 504 to 509 arranged on the soles will be supported on the entire surface, so the ground contact surface The receptive properties change, so that the impact force can be suitably dealt with.
- the sole cushioning material With the non-linear deformation characteristics for the sole of the foot, the sole cushion starts to deform when it first comes into contact with the road surface, so it is sufficiently loose. An impact can be expected. Further, as the deformation further progresses, the amount of deformation per applied load decreases due to the non-linear characteristic, so that the sole does not become unstable due to excessive deformation.
- the elastic coefficient is set to be larger by increasing the number of cushioning materials on the outside compared to the inside of the sole.
- the deformation of the sole cushion material (outside) 509 and the sole cushion material (inner) 508 are non-linear during normal walking and when impact force is applied.
- the amount of deformation in the non-linear region is larger in the sole cushioning material (inner) 508 than in the sole cushioning material (outer) 509.
- the sole cushioning material (inside) 508 and the sole cushioning material (outer) 509 Due to the difference in the deformation characteristics between the sole cushioning material (inside) 508 and the sole cushioning material (outer) 509, when a high impact force is applied, the sole cushioning material (inner) 50 8 will sink deeper. As a result, the leg unit (not shown) mounted on the foot frame 503 is inclined toward the inside of the fuselage, that is, toward the center, and the ZMP position of the robot is landed on the inside of the fuselage, that is, the free leg. This has the effect of moving the stable region in the direction of doubling.
- the ZMP position is the center of the ZMP stable region.
- the amount of deformation or momentum of the robot occurs such that the ZMP position moves away from the center of the ZMP stable region.
- a spatial distortion is generated such that the robot's deformation or momentum is generated such that the ZMP position is directed toward the center of the ZMP stable region. Therefore, as already described with reference to FIGS.
- the floor reaction force in each phase of the later stage of supporting a single leg, the stage of supporting both legs, and the earlier stage of supporting a single leg is reduced.
- the ZMP position moves to the inside of the fuselage
- the stance legs bend inward
- the ZMP position moves to the outside of the aircraft
- the stance legs bend outward, but as the floor reaction force increases,
- the Z MP position moves inside the aircraft
- the stance leg is configured to bend inward when the stance is moved.
- the non-linear deformation characteristics of the cushioning material can be obtained by laminating elastic bodies having different elastic coefficients besides providing the above-described uneven shape on the cross section of the cushioning material. Also, by changing the material such as the shape, area and elastic modulus of the bottom surface of the cushioning material used, the deformation characteristics between the inside of the foot (on the arch side) and the outside (on the opposite side of the arch) can be easily changed. Can be done.
- the ZMP can be performed at a relatively slow sampling period. It should be well understood that the attitude stabilization control of the aircraft can be performed using the stability discrimination criterion.
- the left and right leg units have a structure in which the rigidity is different between the outside and the inside, that is, a structure in which the rigidity (particularly, bending rigidity) of the outer frame is enhanced as compared with the inner frame of the leg. Is adopted.
- leg unit With such a configuration of the leg unit, a spatial distortion such that the ZMP position is directed to the center of the ZMP stable region is formed in the ZMP behavior space, thereby improving posture stability and controllability (or This facilitates the attitude stabilization control).
- the ZMP position of the robot is hard to move to the outside of the airframe, that is, the side opposite to the arch, so that the robot can easily fall (ie, using a mechanical structure). And naturally) can be avoided.
- FIG. 47 shows left and right legs 60 of the legged mobile robot 100 according to the present embodiment.
- the configuration of 4 is drawn even larger.
- the leg portion 604 is composed of a thigh unit 611, a shin unit 612, and a foot unit 613.
- a hip roll axis actuator for giving the joint freedom around the pitch axis and the roll axis with the upper part 61. 6 2 1 and 6 2 2 are provided.
- a knee joint shaft actuating mechanism for giving a degree of freedom of freedom about the pitch axis between the thigh unit 611 and the lower shin unit 612 is provided. Two and three are arranged.
- the inner side of the thigh unit 611 that is, the arch side is supported by a thigh inner side plate 631.
- the outer side that is, the side opposite to the arch is supported by a thigh outer side plate 632.
- the front of the thigh unit 611 is covered with a thigh front plate 635.
- the thigh inner side plate 631 and the thigh outer side plate 632 are made of a material such as ultra-duralumin that can realize rigidity even with relatively light weight.
- the lower end of the shin unit 612 is provided with an ankle joint pitch axis actuator in order to provide a degree of freedom of freedom about the pitch axis with the foot 613 below the shin unit.
- an ankle joint pitch axis actuator in order to provide a degree of freedom of freedom about the pitch axis with the foot 613 below the shin unit.
- the inside of the shin unit 6 12, that is, the arch side is supported by a shin inner side plate 6 33.
- the outside, that is, the side opposite to the arch is supported by a shin outer side plate 634.
- the front of the shin unit 612 is covered with a thigh front plate 636.
- the shin inner side plate 633 and the shin outer side plate 634 are made of a material such as super duralumin which can realize rigidity even with relatively light weight.
- Figures 48 to 50 show three views of the legs of the legged mobile robot 100, ie, the outside (opposite to the arch) side view, front view, and the inside (arch side) side view. are doing.
- the thigh outer side plate 632 is configured to be thicker than the thigh inner side plate 631 (ie, , tl> t 2) o As a result, the thigh outer side plate 632 has higher rigidity (particularly, bending rigidity).
- the shin outer side plate 634 is configured to be thicker than the shin inner side plate 633. As a result, the shin outer side plate 634 has higher rigidity (particularly bending rigidity).
- the ZMP position in the ZMP behavior space of the robot leg is As the distance from the center deviates, a spatial distortion is generated such that a deformation amount or a momentum of the robot is generated such that the ZMP position is directed toward the center of the ZMP stable region. Therefore, as described above with reference to Figs. 14, 20 and 26, the ZMP position is set to the airframe in each phase of the single-leg support phase, the double-leg support phase, and the single-leg support phase.
- the stance is configured to bend inward when moved outside.
- the effect of improving the stability and controllability of the posture can be derived.
- it is possible to derive the effect of facilitating the attitude stabilization control such as maintaining the attitude stability of the airframe with a relatively slow sampling period.
- the rigidity of the outer frame By setting the rigidity of the outer frame larger than that of the inner frame of the legs 604, it is possible to reduce the amount of ZMP movement due to an unexpected disturbance on the outside of the fuselage, that is, on the opposite side of the arch.
- the ZMP movement direction due to the disturbance can be guided to the inside of the fuselage, that is, the arch side, which can be easily handled by the operation of the legs 604.
- the robustness of the entire robot 600 against disturbances can be improved in a leap period.
- the leg stiffness on the arch side relatively low, even in a low-cost factory system having only a function of position control, it is possible to realize a standing-switching operation with small shock and vibration.
- This is an image during dynamic walking It also facilitates processing, and as a result, makes it possible to construct a bipedal walking robot system or anthropomorphic robot system with autonomous functions at a very low cost. That is, in order to obtain the effect of making it difficult to move to the opposite side of the arch, it is preferable to set the rigidity of the outside of the leg portion 604 to be at least 1.2 times that of the inside. More preferably, the rigidity on the outer side of the leg portion 604 is set to be 1.5 to 2 times that of the inner side.
- the difference in thickness was used, the gist of the present invention is not necessarily limited to this.
- differences in shape (surface shape and cross-sectional shape) and differences in constituent materials (such as using materials with different ⁇ coefficient) ) May be used.
- a stable unit space is formed by the configuration of the leg unit unique to the present invention, so that the ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ stability discrimination criterion can be performed at a relatively slow sampling period. It should be fully understood that the attitude stabilization control of the aircraft can be performed while using.
- the control of the attitude and motion of the aircraft is performed by using the ZMP as a criterion for determining the attitude stability.
- the ZMP behavior space of the aircraft is defined, and a ZMP stable position is obtained based on the definition of the ZMP behavior space, and the attitude of the aircraft is set so that the ZMP position always faces the center of the ZMP stable area. And control the behavior.
- the ZMP position by sequentially redefining the ZMP behavior space according to the contact state with the road surface, the ZMP position always attempts to move to the center of the ZMP stable area. Is given to the ZMP behavior space, the attitude stabilization control of the aircraft can be maintained in an easy state.
- FIG 51 schematically shows the functional configuration of the ZMP behavior space control system 500. ing.
- This control system 500 is actually realized in a form in which the CPU 311 in the exercise control module 300 executes a predetermined control program.
- the ZMP behavior space control system 500 is composed of a ZMP behavior space definition unit 501 and a stable point calculation unit 502.
- the ZMP behavior space definition unit 501 defines a ZMP behavior space by inputting target values related to the attitude of the aircraft and state values of the actual aircraft.
- a spatial distortion such that a deformation amount or a momentum of the airframe which causes the ZMP position to move to the center of the ZMP stable region is generated.
- the target value is, for example, the rotation angle, angular velocity, angular acceleration, etc. of each joint actuate calculated from the planned trajectory.
- the actual machine status values include joint rotation angles, angular velocities, and angular accelerations output from encoders arranged in each joint factory, other sensor inputs on the machine, and ZMP actual measurement values.
- the ZMP behavior space is defined, for example, by the following equation.
- the vector T is a target value obtained from the planned trajectory and the like.
- the rows ⁇ , C, and D are matrices for spatial transformation.
- the definition formula of the ZMP behavior space described above describes the concept of the ZMP behavior space as described below in section B in the simplest way, and the gist of the present invention is not limited to this. is not. Further, the above equation is configured by linearly adding the terms, but it is preferable to calculate in consideration of the interference term.
- the ZMP behavior space definition unit 501 dynamically switches the definition of the ZMP behavior space according to the state of contact with the road surface. For example, in the process of a legged mobile robot, during a legged work, the left leg supports a single leg, the left leg touches both legs, the right leg supports a single leg, and the right leg touches both legs.
- the phases are repeated in order, but the state of contact with the road surface changes dramatically for each operation phase. Therefore, by sequentially switching the definition of the ZMP behavior space, Even in the phase, the ZMP position should always generate spatial distortion that causes the amount of deformation or momentum of the airframe to move to the center of the ZMP stable region.
- the stable point calculation unit 502 obtains the stable point by second-order differentiation of the above-described definition expression of the ZMP behavior space.
- a command value for each joint function is generated based on the calculated stable point, and the aircraft operation can be servo-controlled.
- spatial distortion such that the ZMP position moves to the center of the ZMP stable region is realized.
- the ZMP behavior space of the robot can be arbitrarily defined by the description of the control program executed by the CPU 311 in the motion control module 300.
- the maximum point and / or the minimum point in the ZMP behavior space may be arbitrarily specified.
- the maximum point and / or the minimum point in the ZMP behavior space may be arbitrarily specified at an arbitrary time.
- the maximum point and the Z or minimum point in the ZMP behavior space may be arbitrarily designated according to the support state of the legs such as the later stage of supporting a single leg, the period of supporting both legs, the earlier period of supporting a single leg.
- the ZMP behavior space is defined by the ZMP position and the floor reaction force, but in addition to the ZMP position and the floor reaction force, a component of the external force propulsion direction with respect to the fuselage and its magnitude Can be added to define the ZMP behavior space.
- the gist of the present invention is not necessarily limited to products called “robots”. That is, if it is a mechanical device that performs a motion that resembles human motion by using electric or magnetic action, it is a product belonging to another industrial field such as a toy.
- the present invention can be applied to the same manner.
- a ZMP behavior space in which a spatial distortion is given in consideration of the stability of the ZMP position is configured.
- An excellent legged mobile robot and its control method can be provided.
- the ZMP behavior space defined by the ZMP position and the floor reaction force received by the aircraft from the floor is defined, and the ZMP stable position is determined based on the definition of the ZMP behavior space.
- the spatial distortion applied to the ZMP behavior space is dynamically controlled according to the contact condition with the road surface, and the deformation or momentum of the airframe that always attempts to move the ZMP position to the center of the ZMP stable area
- the attitude stabilization control of the aircraft can be easily performed.
- the movable leg of the legged mobile robot can reduce the impact force received from the road surface when touching the ground, and can recover or facilitate the posture stability of the lost body. It is possible to provide a foot structure of a foot in a unit.
- an excellent legged mobile robot configured so that posture stability can be easily maintained without relying only on the operation control of the robot body. Can be provided.
- an excellent legged mobile robot configured so that posture stability can be easily maintained by enhancing robustness against lateral disturbance. Can be.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Software Systems (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Data Mining & Analysis (AREA)
- Evolutionary Computation (AREA)
- Artificial Intelligence (AREA)
- Computing Systems (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mathematical Physics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Robotics (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Computational Linguistics (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Computer Vision & Pattern Recognition (AREA)
- Medical Informatics (AREA)
- Manipulator (AREA)
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/181,282 US6901313B2 (en) | 2000-11-17 | 2001-11-16 | Legged mobile robot and control method thereof, leg structure of legged mobile robot, and mobile leg unit for legged mobile robot |
EP01982818.5A EP1378325B1 (en) | 2000-11-17 | 2001-11-16 | Legged mobile robot and control method thereof, leg structure of legged mobile robot, and mobile leg unit for legged mobile robot |
Applications Claiming Priority (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2000350923 | 2000-11-17 | ||
JP2000-350923 | 2000-11-17 | ||
JP2000352158 | 2000-11-20 | ||
JP2000-352158 | 2000-11-20 | ||
JP2001277084 | 2001-09-12 | ||
JP2001-277084 | 2001-09-12 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2002040223A1 true WO2002040223A1 (fr) | 2002-05-23 |
Family
ID=27345212
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2001/010025 WO2002040223A1 (fr) | 2000-11-17 | 2001-11-16 | Robot mobile a deux jambes et son procede de commande, sa structure jambes, et unite jambe mobile destinee a ce robot |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6901313B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1378325B1 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR100843863B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN100389936C (ja) |
TW (1) | TW499349B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2002040223A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (54)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP3443077B2 (ja) * | 1999-09-20 | 2003-09-02 | ソニー株式会社 | ロボットの運動パターン生成装置及び運動パターン生成方法、並びにロボット |
JP3760186B2 (ja) * | 2001-06-07 | 2006-03-29 | 独立行政法人科学技術振興機構 | 二脚歩行式移動装置及びその歩行制御装置並びに歩行制御方法 |
US6980919B2 (en) * | 2001-10-16 | 2005-12-27 | Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Walking condition determining device and method |
WO2003068455A1 (fr) * | 2002-02-15 | 2003-08-21 | Sony Corporation | Dispositif a jambes pour robot mobile de type a jambes, et procede de commande dudit robot |
JP3731118B2 (ja) * | 2002-02-18 | 2006-01-05 | 独立行政法人科学技術振興機構 | 二脚歩行式人型ロボット |
DE60332227D1 (de) * | 2002-04-26 | 2010-06-02 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | System zur selbst abschätzung der lage des mobilen roboters mit beinen |
JP3598507B2 (ja) * | 2002-06-12 | 2004-12-08 | 独立行政法人 科学技術振興機構 | 歩行式移動装置及びその歩行制御装置及び歩行制御方法 |
JP4049644B2 (ja) * | 2002-09-13 | 2008-02-20 | 川田工業株式会社 | 歩行ロボットの衝撃吸収機構 |
US7664569B2 (en) * | 2002-10-10 | 2010-02-16 | Sony Corporation | Robot device operation control device and operation control method |
US7054718B2 (en) * | 2002-10-11 | 2006-05-30 | Sony Corporation | Motion editing apparatus and method for legged mobile robot and computer program |
KR100541433B1 (ko) * | 2002-12-23 | 2006-01-11 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 2족보행로봇 |
CN100344416C (zh) * | 2003-03-23 | 2007-10-24 | 索尼株式会社 | 机器人装置和控制该装置的方法 |
JP3972854B2 (ja) * | 2003-04-10 | 2007-09-05 | ソニー株式会社 | ロボットの運動制御装置 |
KR100835361B1 (ko) * | 2003-08-29 | 2008-06-04 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 간이 지면반력 센서를 이용한 보행 로봇 및 그 제어 방법 |
JP4592276B2 (ja) * | 2003-10-24 | 2010-12-01 | ソニー株式会社 | ロボット装置のためのモーション編集装置及びモーション編集方法、並びにコンピュータ・プログラム |
JP4168943B2 (ja) * | 2004-01-28 | 2008-10-22 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 脚式ロボットと脚式ロボットの歩行制御方法 |
JP4501601B2 (ja) * | 2004-09-03 | 2010-07-14 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 脚式ロボットとその制御方法ならびに歩容データの作成装置と作成方法 |
JP4559803B2 (ja) * | 2004-09-14 | 2010-10-13 | 敏男 福田 | 関節角の受動変化を利用して歩行するロボットとその制御方法 |
US8000837B2 (en) | 2004-10-05 | 2011-08-16 | J&L Group International, Llc | Programmable load forming system, components thereof, and methods of use |
WO2006064599A1 (ja) * | 2004-12-14 | 2006-06-22 | Honda Motor Co., Ltd. | 脚式移動ロボットおよびその制御プログラム |
US20070105070A1 (en) * | 2005-11-08 | 2007-05-10 | Luther Trawick | Electromechanical robotic soldier |
JP5034235B2 (ja) * | 2006-01-16 | 2012-09-26 | ソニー株式会社 | 制御システム及び制御方法、並びにコンピュータ・プログラム |
US8068935B2 (en) * | 2006-10-18 | 2011-11-29 | Yutaka Kanayama | Human-guided mapping method for mobile robot |
JP4930003B2 (ja) * | 2006-11-20 | 2012-05-09 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 移動ロボット |
KR100873107B1 (ko) * | 2007-01-30 | 2008-12-09 | 한국과학기술원 | 이족 보행 로봇의 수정 가능한 걸음새 생성을 위한 실시간zmp 조작법 |
JP5104355B2 (ja) * | 2008-02-01 | 2012-12-19 | 富士通株式会社 | ロボット制御装置、ロボット制御方法およびロボット制御プログラム |
FR2930905B1 (fr) * | 2008-05-09 | 2010-10-01 | Bia | Cheville pour robot humanoide |
KR20100028358A (ko) * | 2008-09-04 | 2010-03-12 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 로봇 및 그 안전제어방법 |
KR101687628B1 (ko) * | 2010-01-12 | 2016-12-21 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 로봇의 보행 제어 장치 및 그 제어 방법 |
KR101687629B1 (ko) * | 2010-01-18 | 2016-12-20 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 인간형 로봇 및 그 보행 제어방법 |
US8712602B1 (en) | 2011-05-24 | 2014-04-29 | Timothy S. Oliver | Mobile target system |
KR20130073591A (ko) * | 2011-12-23 | 2013-07-03 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 지지모듈 및 이를 포함하는 로봇 |
US10215587B2 (en) | 2012-05-18 | 2019-02-26 | Trx Systems, Inc. | Method for step detection and gait direction estimation |
US9297658B2 (en) | 2012-06-12 | 2016-03-29 | Trx Systems, Inc. | Wi-Fi enhanced tracking algorithms |
KR101331197B1 (ko) | 2012-07-06 | 2013-11-26 | 주식회사 자연이준식품 | 로봇관절 길이 가변장치 |
CN102830717B (zh) * | 2012-08-22 | 2015-01-14 | 中科宇博(北京)文化有限公司 | 提高仿生机械恐龙爬行稳定性的步态规划方法 |
CN102799184B (zh) * | 2012-08-22 | 2015-12-16 | 中科宇博(北京)文化有限公司 | 仿生机械恐龙爬行稳定性控制方法 |
JP6330287B2 (ja) * | 2013-10-29 | 2018-05-30 | セイコーエプソン株式会社 | ロボット、ロボット用当接部材 |
JP6003942B2 (ja) * | 2014-04-24 | 2016-10-05 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 動作制限装置及び動作制限方法 |
US9895804B1 (en) * | 2014-08-26 | 2018-02-20 | Boston Dynamics, Inc. | Failure mode |
US9623556B1 (en) * | 2014-09-03 | 2017-04-18 | X Development Llc | Robotic sole joint |
JP6356033B2 (ja) * | 2014-09-29 | 2018-07-11 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 移動体の制御装置 |
CN104407611B (zh) * | 2014-09-30 | 2017-02-01 | 同济大学 | 一种仿人机器人稳定行走的控制方法 |
US9561592B1 (en) * | 2015-05-15 | 2017-02-07 | Google Inc. | Ground plane compensation for legged robots |
US10160505B1 (en) * | 2016-04-06 | 2018-12-25 | Schaft Inc. | Variable-compliance, slip-resistant foot for legged mechanisms |
TW201805598A (zh) * | 2016-08-04 | 2018-02-16 | 鴻海精密工業股份有限公司 | 自主移動設備及建立導航路徑的方法 |
CN106564055B (zh) * | 2016-10-31 | 2019-08-27 | 金阳娃 | 仿真人机器人稳定性运动规划方法及控制装置 |
CN106843000B (zh) * | 2017-02-13 | 2019-03-26 | 华北电力大学(保定) | 攀爬机器人移动控制系统恢复方法 |
JP6788537B2 (ja) * | 2017-03-28 | 2020-11-25 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | レーザ式測距装置を使用した物体エッジの検出方法 |
JP6927727B2 (ja) * | 2017-03-29 | 2021-09-01 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | ロボットの制御装置 |
KR102213377B1 (ko) | 2019-08-14 | 2021-02-08 | 국민대학교산학협력단 | 고속 및 고토크 구동을 위한 로봇 다리 구조 |
US11292126B2 (en) * | 2019-10-17 | 2022-04-05 | Disney Enterprises, Inc. | Robots with robust bipedal locomotion supported with non-conventional physics |
CN114061893B (zh) * | 2021-12-28 | 2024-10-15 | 中国航天空气动力技术研究院 | 一种风洞小幅强迫俯仰振荡机构 |
US11738452B1 (en) * | 2022-07-29 | 2023-08-29 | Sarcos Corp. | Sole with various compliant regions for robots |
Citations (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5151859A (en) * | 1989-06-29 | 1992-09-29 | Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Legged walking robot and system for controlling the same |
US5255753A (en) | 1989-12-14 | 1993-10-26 | Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Foot structure for legged walking robot |
JPH05305579A (ja) | 1992-04-30 | 1993-11-19 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | 脚式移動ロボットの歩行制御装置 |
JPH05305586A (ja) * | 1992-04-30 | 1993-11-19 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | 脚式移動ロボットの歩行制御装置 |
JPH05305581A (ja) | 1992-04-28 | 1993-11-19 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | リンク式移動ロボットの制御装置 |
EP0572285A1 (en) | 1992-05-29 | 1993-12-01 | Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Attitude stabilization control system for a mobile robot, especially a legged mobile robot |
US5416393A (en) * | 1992-05-20 | 1995-05-16 | Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Legged mobile robot foot structure |
US5432417A (en) * | 1992-04-30 | 1995-07-11 | Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Locomotion control system for legged mobile robot |
US5445235A (en) * | 1992-05-26 | 1995-08-29 | Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Legged mobile robot equipped with impact absorber |
US5455497A (en) * | 1992-04-20 | 1995-10-03 | Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Legged mobile robot and a system for controlling the same |
JPH10315349A (ja) * | 1997-05-20 | 1998-12-02 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | ロボット用複合材リンクの製造方法 |
JP2911985B2 (ja) * | 1990-09-12 | 1999-06-28 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 脚式移動ロボット及びその歩行制御装置 |
Family Cites Families (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2826858B2 (ja) | 1989-12-14 | 1998-11-18 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 脚式歩行ロボットの足部構造 |
JP3270767B2 (ja) | 1992-04-28 | 2002-04-02 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 衝撃吸収機構を備えた脚式歩行ロボット |
JP3148828B2 (ja) | 1992-04-30 | 2001-03-26 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 脚式移動ロボットの歩行制御装置 |
JP3132156B2 (ja) * | 1992-05-22 | 2001-02-05 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 脚式移動ロボットの歩容生成装置 |
JP3293952B2 (ja) | 1992-05-26 | 2002-06-17 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 衝撃吸収手段を備えた脚式歩行ロボット |
WO1998026905A1 (fr) * | 1996-12-19 | 1998-06-25 | Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Controleur d'attitude de robot mobile sur jambes |
JP3435666B2 (ja) * | 1999-09-07 | 2003-08-11 | ソニー株式会社 | ロボット |
JP3443077B2 (ja) * | 1999-09-20 | 2003-09-02 | ソニー株式会社 | ロボットの運動パターン生成装置及び運動パターン生成方法、並びにロボット |
JP2001239479A (ja) * | 1999-12-24 | 2001-09-04 | Sony Corp | 脚式移動ロボット及びロボットのための外装モジュール |
JP2001260063A (ja) * | 2000-03-21 | 2001-09-25 | Sony Corp | 多関節型ロボット及びその動作制御方法 |
-
2001
- 2001-11-15 TW TW090128333A patent/TW499349B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-11-16 CN CNB018059473A patent/CN100389936C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-11-16 WO PCT/JP2001/010025 patent/WO2002040223A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2001-11-16 US US10/181,282 patent/US6901313B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-11-16 EP EP01982818.5A patent/EP1378325B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-11-16 KR KR1020027009150A patent/KR100843863B1/ko active IP Right Grant
Patent Citations (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5151859A (en) * | 1989-06-29 | 1992-09-29 | Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Legged walking robot and system for controlling the same |
US5255753A (en) | 1989-12-14 | 1993-10-26 | Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Foot structure for legged walking robot |
JP2911985B2 (ja) * | 1990-09-12 | 1999-06-28 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 脚式移動ロボット及びその歩行制御装置 |
US5455497A (en) * | 1992-04-20 | 1995-10-03 | Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Legged mobile robot and a system for controlling the same |
JPH05305581A (ja) | 1992-04-28 | 1993-11-19 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | リンク式移動ロボットの制御装置 |
JPH05305579A (ja) | 1992-04-30 | 1993-11-19 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | 脚式移動ロボットの歩行制御装置 |
JPH05305586A (ja) * | 1992-04-30 | 1993-11-19 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | 脚式移動ロボットの歩行制御装置 |
US5432417A (en) * | 1992-04-30 | 1995-07-11 | Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Locomotion control system for legged mobile robot |
US5416393A (en) * | 1992-05-20 | 1995-05-16 | Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Legged mobile robot foot structure |
US5445235A (en) * | 1992-05-26 | 1995-08-29 | Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Legged mobile robot equipped with impact absorber |
EP0572285A1 (en) | 1992-05-29 | 1993-12-01 | Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Attitude stabilization control system for a mobile robot, especially a legged mobile robot |
JPH10315349A (ja) * | 1997-05-20 | 1998-12-02 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | ロボット用複合材リンクの製造方法 |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
---|
MIOMIR VUKOBRATOVIC ET AL.: "LEGGED ROBOT AND ARTIFICIAL FOOT", NIKKAN KOGYO SHINBUN, article "LEGGED LOCOMOTION ROBOTS" |
See also references of EP1378325A4 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20030144763A1 (en) | 2003-07-31 |
EP1378325A4 (en) | 2006-05-03 |
KR100843863B1 (ko) | 2008-07-03 |
EP1378325B1 (en) | 2016-09-14 |
CN100389936C (zh) | 2008-05-28 |
KR20020086464A (ko) | 2002-11-18 |
US6901313B2 (en) | 2005-05-31 |
EP1378325A1 (en) | 2004-01-07 |
CN1407922A (zh) | 2003-04-02 |
TW499349B (en) | 2002-08-21 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
WO2002040223A1 (fr) | Robot mobile a deux jambes et son procede de commande, sa structure jambes, et unite jambe mobile destinee a ce robot | |
KR100687461B1 (ko) | 로보트 및 로보트용 관절 장치 | |
CN100364728C (zh) | 有腿移动式机器人的动作控制装置和动作控制方法以及机器人装置 | |
JP3824608B2 (ja) | 脚式移動ロボット及びその動作制御方法 | |
KR100837988B1 (ko) | 각식 이동 로봇을 위한 동작 제어 장치 및 동작 제어방법, 및 로봇 장치 | |
KR101985790B1 (ko) | 보행 로봇 및 그 제어 방법 | |
JP3555107B2 (ja) | 脚式移動ロボット及び脚式移動ロボットの動作制御方法 | |
KR101687629B1 (ko) | 인간형 로봇 및 그 보행 제어방법 | |
US20050107916A1 (en) | Robot device and control method of robot device | |
US7765030B2 (en) | Gait generator for mobile robot | |
WO2004041484A1 (ja) | ロボット装置、ロボット装置の運動制御装置及び運動制御方法 | |
US7801643B2 (en) | Legged mobile robot and control program for the robot | |
JP2001138271A (ja) | 脚式移動ロボット及び脚式移動ロボットの転倒時動作制御方法 | |
JP4660870B2 (ja) | 脚式移動ロボット及びその制御方法 | |
JP3674779B2 (ja) | 脚式移動ロボットのための動作制御装置及び動作制御方法、並びにロボット装置 | |
JP4770990B2 (ja) | 脚式移動ロボット及びその制御方法 | |
JP4359423B2 (ja) | 脚式移動ロボット及び脚式移動ロボットの足部機構 | |
JP3443116B2 (ja) | 移動ロボット及び移動ロボットの制御方法 | |
JP3674787B2 (ja) | ロボット装置の動作制御装置及び動作制御方法、並びにコンピュータ・プログラム | |
JP2003159677A (ja) | 脚式移動ロボット | |
JP3555947B2 (ja) | 移動ロボット装置、移動ロボット装置の制御方法、移動ロボット装置の運動パターン生成方法、並びに移動ロボット装置の運動制御プログラム | |
JP3555946B2 (ja) | 移動ロボット装置及び移動ロボット装置の制御方法 | |
JP2003159676A (ja) | 脚式移動ロボットの制御方法 | |
JP2004025434A (ja) | 脚式移動ロボットの動作制御装置及び動作制御方法、並びにロボット装置 | |
JP3555948B2 (ja) | 移動ロボット装置、移動ロボット装置の動作制御装置及び動作制御方法 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AK | Designated states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): CN KR US |
|
AL | Designated countries for regional patents |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AT BE CH CY DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LU MC NL PT SE TR |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 1020027009150 Country of ref document: KR |
|
REEP | Request for entry into the european phase |
Ref document number: 2001982818 Country of ref document: EP |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2001982818 Country of ref document: EP |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 018059473 Country of ref document: CN |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 10181282 Country of ref document: US |
|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application | ||
WWP | Wipo information: published in national office |
Ref document number: 1020027009150 Country of ref document: KR |
|
WWP | Wipo information: published in national office |
Ref document number: 2001982818 Country of ref document: EP |