Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D211/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings
  • C07D211/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
  • C07D211/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
  • C07D211/36—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
  • C07D211/40—Oxygen atoms
  • C07D211/42—Oxygen atoms attached in position 3 or 5
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
  • A61P25/04—Centrally acting analgesics, e.g. opioids
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
  • A61P25/14—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating abnormal movements, e.g. chorea, dyskinesia
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
  • A61P25/14—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating abnormal movements, e.g. chorea, dyskinesia
  • A61P25/16—Anti-Parkinson drugs
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
  • A61P25/18—Antipsychotics, i.e. neuroleptics; Drugs for mania or schizophrenia
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
  • A61P25/22—Anxiolytics
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
  • A61P25/24—Antidepressants
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
  • A61P25/28—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating neurodegenerative disorders of the central nervous system, e.g. nootropic agents, cognition enhancers, drugs for treating Alzheimer's disease or other forms of dementia
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
  • C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
  • C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
  • C07F9/547—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom
  • C07F9/553—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom having one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
  • C07F9/576—Six-membered rings
  • C07F9/59—Hydrogenated pyridine rings

Definitions

• Prodrugs to NMDA receptor ligands The present invention relates to compounds of the general formula
• R is a) -C(O)(CH 2 ) n C(O)OH
• R 1 is -N(R 2 )(R 3 ) and R 2 /R 3 are independently from each other hydrogen or lower alkyl, or is a cyclic tertiary amine, optionally substituted by lower alkyl, c) -P(O)(OH) 2 , or d) is -C(O)(CH 2 ) n NHC(O)(CH 2 ) n N(R 2 )(R 3 ); and
• n 1, 2, 3 or 4;
• a prodrug is in most cases a pharmacologically inactive derivative of a parent drug molecule that requires spontaneous or enzymatic transformation within the body in order to release the active drug, and that has improved delivery properties over the parent drug molecule. It has been shown that a molecule with optimal structural configuration and physicochemical properties for eliciting the desired therapeutic response at its target site does not necessarily possess the best molecular form and properties for its delivery to its point of ultimate action. Usually, only a minor fraction of doses administered reaches the target area and since most agents interact with non-target sites as well, an inefficient delivery may result in undesirable side effects.
• prodrug formation is a means by which a substantial improvement in the overall efficacy of drugs can often be achieved.
• Prodrugs are designed to overcome pharmaceutically and/or pharmacokinetically based problems associated with the parent drug molecule that would otherwise limit the clinical usefulness of the drug.
• esters as a prodrug type for drugs containing carboxyl or hydroxyl function is most popular.
• prodrug derivatives of peptides, 4-imidazolidinones and the like described in Drugs of the Future, 1991, 16(5), 443-458 or N-oxides, described for example in US 5.691.336.
• the advantage of a prodrug lies in its physical properties, such as enhanced water solubility for parenteral administration at physiological pH compared to the parent drug, or it enhances absorption from the digestive tract, or it may enhance drug stability for long-term storage.
• the compounds of formula I fulfill all requirements of a good prodrug. Specifically, it has been shown a up to 10-fold higher solubility over the parent compound at physiological pH, a stability in solution at room temperature up to 48 h and a fast hydrolysis in plasma.
• NMDA N-methyl-D- aspartate
• NMDA receptors are composed of members from two subunit families, namely NR-1 (8 different splice variants) and NR-2 (A to D) originating from different genes. Members from the two subunit families show a distinct distribution in different brain areas.
• NMDA receptor subtype specific blockers include acute forms of neurodegeneration caused, e.g., by stroke or brain trauma; chronic forms of neurodegeneration such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease or ALS (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis); neurodegeneration associated with bacterial or viral infections, diseases such as schizophrenia, anxiety and depression and acute/ chronic pain.
• Objects of the present invention are novel compounds of formula I, their use as prodrugs in the treatment or prophylaxis of diseases caused by overactivation of respective NMDA receptor subtypes, which include acute forms of neurodegeneration caused, e.g., by stroke or brain trauma; chronic forms of neurodegeneration such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease or ALS (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis); neurodegeneration associated with bacterial or viral infections, and diseases such as schizophrenia, anxiety, depression and acute/ chronic pain, the use of these compounds for manufacture of corresponding medicaments, processes for the manufacture of these novel compounds and medicaments, containing them.
• acute forms of neurodegeneration caused, e.g., by stroke or brain trauma
• chronic forms of neurodegeneration such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease or ALS (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis)
• neurodegeneration associated with bacterial or viral infections and diseases such as schizophrenia, anxiety, depression and acute/ chronic pain
• a similar compound of formula II is generically described in WO 95/25721, wherein the general formula does not contain a hydroxy group on the piperidine ring. These compounds are described to possess activities on the glutamat receptor or AMPA receptor for the treatment of diseases which are related to these receptors. Furthermore similar compounds are described in EP 824 098, in which the piperidine ring is substituted by a hydroxy group in 4-position. These compounds are described to possess activities on the NMDA receptor and are useful in the treatment of acute forms of neurodegeneration caused, for example, by stroke and brain trauma, and chronic forms of neurodegeneration such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, ALS (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis), neurodegeneration associated with bacterial or viral infections and acute/chronic pain.
• the compound of formula II is a good NMDA receptor subtype specific blocker, neuroprotective in vivo and less active as blockers of the hERG potassium channels and thus is much less likely to have pro- arrhythmic activity in man.
• the most preferred indication in accordance with the present invention is the treatment or prevention of stroke.
• lower alkyl denotes a straight- or branched-chain alkyl group containing from 1-7 carbon atoms, for example, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, i-butyl, t-butyl and the like.
• Preferred lower alkyl groups are groups with 1-4 carbon atoms.
• cyclic tertiary amine denotes, for example pyrrol- 1-yl, imidazol-1-yl, piperidin-1-yl, piperazin-1-yl or morpholin-4-yl. Preferred are piperazin-1-yl or morpholin-4-yl.
• physiological pH means a pH of about 7, preferrably 7.4.
• R is -C(O)(CH 2 ) n C(O)OH and n is 2, for example the following compound:
• R 1 is morpholinyl, 4-methyl-piperazinyl or -N(R 2 )(R 3 ) und
• R 2 /R 3 are independently from each other hydrogen or lower alkyl.
• R is -C(O)(CH 2 ) 2 NHC(0)(CH 2 ) 2 NH 2) which is
• n 1 - 3 and n is 2 - 4, or
• a compound of formula I maybe prepared, for example, in accordance with reaction variant a) as follows:
• a compound, described in example 11, for example phosphoric acid dibenzyl ester (3S,4S)-4-[2-(4-benzyl-3-hydroxy-piperidin-l-yl)- ethanesulfonyl] -phenyl ester is hydrogenated at room temperature in conventional manner to obtain a compound of formula 1-2.
• Process variant c) describes the process for preparation of a compound of formula 1-3.
• the process is carried out by reacting the compound of formula II with a compound of formula IV, for example with 3-(3-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-propionylamino)-propionic acid, in the presence of DMAP (4-dimethylaminopyridine) and DAPEC (N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-n-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride) at a temperature of about 0°C.
• DMAP dimethylaminopyridine
• DAPEC N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-n-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride
• a compound of formula 1-4 is obtained.
• the reaction is carried out by reaction of the compound of formula II with a compound of formula V, for example with 3- [ (tert-butoxycarbonyl-methyl-amino)- methyl]benzoic acid, in the presence of DMAP (4-dimethylaminopyridine) and DAPEC (N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-n-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride) and subsequently with TFA (trifluoroacetic acid).
• DMAP dimethylaminopyridine
• DAPEC N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-n-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride
• Process variant e) describes the preparation of compounds of formulas 1-5 or 1-6.
• a compound of formula VI for example 4-chloromethyl-benzoic acid (3S,4S)-4-[2-(4- benzyl-3-hydroxy-piperidin-l-yl)-ethanesulfonyl] -phenyl ester is treated with morpholine or 4-methyl-piperazin in a solvent, such as methylene chloride.
• the salt formation is effected at room temperature in accordance with methods which are known per se and which are familiar to any person skilled in the art. Not only salts with inorganic acids, but also salts with organic acids come into consideration.
• Hydrochlorides hydrobromides, sulphates, nitrates, citrates, acetates, maleates, succinates, methan-sulphonates, p-toluenesulphonates and the like are examples of such salts.
• the following schemes 1-3 describe the processes for preparation of the prodrugs of formula I in more detail.
• the starting compound of formula II (parent compound) maybe prepared in accordance with schemes 4 to 6.
• the compounds, described in these schemes, are known compounds or may be prepared by known methods, for example in accordance with methods, described in WO 00/75109.
• n 2 to 4 and m is 1 to 3.
• hal is halogen, such as chloro or bromo.
• R 2 is hydrogen or lower alkyl.
• the compounds of formula I and their pharmaceutically usable addition salts may be used as prodrugs of the parent compounds of formula II, which possess valuable pharmacological properties.
• Plasma and blood samples from various species were spiked with equimolar amounts (26.7 ⁇ M) of prodrug and parent drug in DMSO and incubated for different time intervals (up to 120 min) at 37 °C.
• the reaction was stopped by protein precipitation with perchloric acid (0.5 M) followed by centrifugation (5 min. at 15'000g). This procedure was found to be reliable enough at least when the drug analysis was performed immediately after the incubation.
• the concentrations of formed parent drug in the supernatant was determined by LC- MS:
• the parent compound together with its hexa- 13 C-labelled internal standard was enriched on a standard bore trapping column (LichrospherlOO, RP18, 5 ⁇ m, 4x4mm, Merck) and separated under isocratic conditions on a narrow-bore analytical column (Symmetry Shield, RP8, 3.5 ⁇ m, 2.1 x 50 mm, Waters) by a mixture of formic acid and methanol as mobile phase.
• the whole effluent (200 ⁇ l/min) of the analytical column was passed to the turbo ion spray interface without splitting.
• Selected ion monitoring (SIM) in negative mode was used for single quadrupole mass spectrometric detection. The results were expressed as % converted to the parent compound, using the data of the parent drug as 100 %-value.
• the aim of the prodrug approach is to increase the solubility at pH 7.4 (physiological pH) compared with the parent compound (compound of formula II) to avoid precipitation in plasma and local intolerance at the injection site.
• pH 7.4 physiological pH
• compound of formula II parent compound
• An increase in solubility at physiological pH has been clearly reached for compound 1 and 2 and to a lesser extent for compound 6.
• the compounds 7,9 and 10 were unstable at pH 7.4 over 24 hours, therefore their solubility could only be measured at pH 4.0.
• These data suggest a higher solubility at pH 7.4 for compounds 9 and 10 than for the parent compound.
• the solubility of compound 7 at pH 4.0 is similar to the parent compound, but due to the additional charge at pH 7.4 (calculated pKa for the benzylic amine 8.96), a higher solubility can be assumed at this pH.
• the compounds of formula I can function as prodrugs of their parent compounds of formula II.
• the compounds of formula I as well as their pharmaceutically usable acid addition salts can be used as medicaments, e.g. in the form of pharmaceutical preparations.
• the pharmaceutical preparations can be administered orally, e.g. in the form of tablets, coated tablets, dragees, hard and soft gelatine capsules, solutions, emulsions or suspensions.
• the administration can, however, also be effected rectally, e.g. in the form of suppositories, or parenterally, e.g. in the form of injection solutions.
• the compounds of formula I and their pharmaceutically usable acid addition salts can be processed with pharmaceutically inert, inorganic or organic excipients for the production of tablets, coated tablets, dragees and hard gelatine capsules. Lactose, corn starch or derivatives thereof, talc, stearic acid or its salts etc can be used as such excipients e.g. for tablets, dragees and hard gelatine capsules.
• Suitable excipients for soft gelatine capsules are e.g. vegetable oils, waxes, fats, semi- solid and liquid polyols etc.
• Suitable excipients for the manufacture of solutions and syrups are e.g. water, polyols, saccharose, invert sugar, glucose etc.
• Suitable excipients for injection solutions are e.g. water, alcohols, polyols, glycerol, vegetable oils etc.
• Suitable excipients for suppositories are e.g. natural or hardened oils, waxes, fats, semi-liquid or liquid polyols etc.
• the pharmaceutical preparations can contain preservatives, solubilizers, stabilizers, wetting agents, emulsifiers, sweeteners, colorants, flavorants, salts for varying the osmotic pressure, buffers, masking agents or antioxidants. They can also contain still other therapeutically valuable substances.
• the dosage can vary within wide limits and will, of course, be fitted to the individual requirements in each particular case.
• a daily dosage of about 10 to 1000 mg per person of a compound of general formula I should be appropriate, although the above upper limit can also be exceeded when necessary.
• the title compound was prepared from 3-(3-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-propionylamino)- propionic acid (3S,4S)-4-[2-(4-benzyl-3-hydroxy-piperidin-l-yl)-ethanesulfonyl] -phenyl ester in 13 % yield as a colorless solid.
• the title compound was prepared from (3S,4S)-4-[2-(4-benzyl-3-hydroxy-piperidin-l-yl)- ethanesulfonyl] -phenol and 3-chlormethylbenzoylchloride in 80 % yield as a colorless solid.
• the active substance, lactose and corn starch are firstly mixed in a mixer and then in a comminuting machine.
• the mixture is returned to the mixer, the talc is added thereto and mixed thoroughly.
• the mixture is filled by machine into hard gelatine capsules.
• the suppository mass is melted in a glass or steel vessel, mixed thoroughly and cooled to 45°C. Thereupon, the finely powdered active substance is added thereto and stirred until it has dispersed completely. The mixture is poured into suppository moulds of suitable size, left to cool, the suppositories are then removed from the moulds and packed individually in wax paper or metal foil.

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