WO2002015306A2 - Verfahren zur abtrennung von brennstoff aus einem abgas und zugehörige vorrichtung - Google Patents
Verfahren zur abtrennung von brennstoff aus einem abgas und zugehörige vorrichtung Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2002015306A2 WO2002015306A2 PCT/DE2001/002980 DE0102980W WO0215306A2 WO 2002015306 A2 WO2002015306 A2 WO 2002015306A2 DE 0102980 W DE0102980 W DE 0102980W WO 0215306 A2 WO0215306 A2 WO 0215306A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- fuel
- exhaust gas
- methanol
- gas
- water
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0662—Treatment of gaseous reactants or gaseous residues, e.g. cleaning
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04186—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of liquid-charged or electrolyte-charged reactants
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1009—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes with one of the reactants being liquid, solid or liquid-charged
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02C—CAPTURE, STORAGE, SEQUESTRATION OR DISPOSAL OF GREENHOUSE GASES [GHG]
- Y02C20/00—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases
- Y02C20/40—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases of CO2
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for separating fuel from an exhaust gas, in particular the anode exhaust gas of a fuel cell, the exhaust gas essentially containing carbon dioxide and also the fuel.
- the invention relates to the associated device with means for performing the method.
- the fuel is preferably, but not exclusively, methanol. According to the methanol concentration, methanol in particular can be liquefied as a mixture of methanol and water.
- Fuel cells are operated with liquid or gaseous fuels. If the fuel cell works with hydrogen, a hydrogen infrastructure or a reformer is required to generate the gaseous hydrogen from the liquid fuel.
- Liquid fuels are, for example, gasoline, ethanol or methanol.
- a so-called DMFC Direct Methanol Fuel Cell 1 "
- DMFC Direct Methanol Fuel Cell 1
- CH 3 OH methanol
- the exhaust gas at the anode of a direct methanol fuel cell is the carbon dioxide generated by the anode reaction.
- this gas contains a proportion of methanol and water corresponding to the methanol concentration. If this methanol leaves the fuel cell system through the anode exhaust gas, the use of fuel would be reduced. Therefore, on the one hand, before the anode exhaust gas is separated from the anode circuit of the DMFC, this liquid-gas mixture is cooled, liquid and gas are separated or the supersaturated dissolved carbon dioxide is removed from the liquid by a gas separator .
- a partial pressure of methanol in the exhaust gas corresponding to the pressure, the temperature and the methanol concentration in the anode liquid results at a reduced temperature.
- the volume fraction of the methanol is so high even at temperatures of 40 ° C and ambient pressure that this methanol fraction clearly exceeds the permitted limits for hydrocarbon emissions from combustion vehicles. A method is therefore required here with which the methanol is recovered from the exhaust gas as far as possible.
- the methanol emission can at least apparently be reduced if the anode exhaust gas is mixed with the cathode exhaust air. Due to the significantly increased gas flow, the proportion of methanol is smaller relative to the total volume. However, the absolute amount of methanol remains constant.
- the object of the invention is therefore to provide a method with which the absolute amount of methanol in the exhaust gas is also reduced and to create an associated device.
- the carbon dioxide / fuel mixture is passed through a porous material and water is fed in countercurrent by means of a pump, which absorbs the fuel of the carbon dioxide / fuel mixture almost completely.
- a cooling of the anode liquid which is associated with a reduction in the expulsion of fuel.
- a fuel cell is already known from DE 38 12 812 Cl, in which a heat exchanger and a gas washing system are present in order to recover the residual fuel components contained in residual gases and to feed them back to the process. This is the treatment of a two-substance mixture in the exhaust gas, with water of reaction serving as the transport liquid.
- the invention treats a three-substance mixture which treats C0 2 and methanol vapor with water in countercurrent, so that in addition to the C0 2 now pure exhaust gas, liquid methanol and water are now formed as a liquid mixture.
- this mixture represents the fuel / electrolyte mixture for the DMFC.
- FIG. 1 shows a functional representation of the system components for operating a fuel cell
- Figure 2 shows a first embodiment of a gas scrubber used in Figure 1
- Figure 3 shows a second embodiment of a gas scrubber used in Figure 1.
- DMFC direct methanol fuel cell
- a compressor 14 for air On the cathode side there is a compressor 14 for air, a cooler or water separator 15 for the cathode liquid and a C0 2 sensor 16. Furthermore, a unit 25 for controlling / regulating the fuel cell unit 10 and optimally an electrical inverter 26 are provided for the operation of the system.
- the fuel cell unit 10 is part of a fuel cell system in which, in particular, individual units form a fuel cell stack which is referred to in the technical field as a stack. None changes on the periphery according to FIG.
- Temperatures in the range from 40 to 80 ° C. result in the anode circuit, while the temperatures in the cathode circuit are below 40 ° C. and after the cooler / water separator 15 are approximately 20 ° C.
- the cooling of the anode liquid after leaving the stack serves to reduce the expulsion of methanol.
- the lower temperature of the gas separator 5 results in an increase in the carbon dioxide concentration, since carbon dioxide is more readily soluble in water at a lower temperature.
- a gas scrubber 20 essentially consists of a vertically aligned steel tube 21 which is filled with packing elements 22. Water is flushed through the gas scrubber 20 from above via a line 23, while the methanol vapor with the carbon dioxide is supplied from below via a further line 24. As a result of the gas scrubbing, water with methanol is discharged at the lower outlet 27 of the steel tube 21, while the CO 2 can escape at the upper outlet 28 of the steel tube 21.
- FIG. 2 corresponds to the usual embodiment of the gas scrubber known per se. However, this type of construction generally contradicts the desired compact design of a fuel cell, in particular the DMFC.
- FIG. 3 A more suitable horizontal structure of a gas scrubber is shown in FIG. 3.
- a horizontally oriented gas scrubber 31 has supply lines 33 and 34 on one side for water on the one hand and methanol vapor with carbon dioxide on the other.
- the gas scrubber 30 in FIG. 3 consists of the horizontally aligned container 31 with fins 32 arranged vertically therein.
- the vertically arranged fins 32 are each interrupted or opened so that an intensive exchange of gas phase and liquid can take place. In this way, rectification is achieved even with a horizontal arrangement.
- Perforated plates or nets arranged in a staggered manner or a combination of both can also be used for an economical construction.
- Figures 2 and 3 thus show the advantageous application of rectification to the separation of liquids / vapors and a gas in countercurrent with water. They enable the use of the system conditions in a fuel cell operated with liquid fuel. This can improve the operation of a direct methanol fuel cell in particular.
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
- Gas Separation By Absorption (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP01960151A EP1338046A2 (de) | 2000-08-16 | 2001-08-03 | Verfahren zur abtrennung von brennstoff aus einem abgas und zugehörige vorrichtung |
CA002419467A CA2419467A1 (en) | 2000-08-16 | 2001-08-03 | Method for separating fuel out of an off-gas and associated device |
JP2002520335A JP2004507049A (ja) | 2000-08-16 | 2001-08-03 | 排気ガスから燃料を分離する方法および付属装置 |
US10/368,158 US20030145730A1 (en) | 2000-08-16 | 2003-02-18 | Method for separating fuel out of an off-gas and associated device |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10040087A DE10040087A1 (de) | 2000-08-16 | 2000-08-16 | Verfahren zur Abtrennung von Brennstoff aus einem Abgas und zugehörige Vorrichtung |
DE10040087.6 | 2000-08-16 |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US10/368,158 Continuation US20030145730A1 (en) | 2000-08-16 | 2003-02-18 | Method for separating fuel out of an off-gas and associated device |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2002015306A2 true WO2002015306A2 (de) | 2002-02-21 |
WO2002015306A3 WO2002015306A3 (de) | 2003-06-12 |
Family
ID=7652660
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/DE2001/002980 WO2002015306A2 (de) | 2000-08-16 | 2001-08-03 | Verfahren zur abtrennung von brennstoff aus einem abgas und zugehörige vorrichtung |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20030145730A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1338046A2 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2004507049A (de) |
CA (1) | CA2419467A1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE10040087A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2002015306A2 (de) |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2004105166A2 (en) * | 2003-05-14 | 2004-12-02 | The Gillette Company | Fuel cell systems |
EP1501145A1 (de) * | 2002-04-15 | 2005-01-26 | NEC Corporation | Brennstoffbatterie, elektrische einrichtung, tragbarer computer und brennstoffbatterie-ansteuerverfahren |
JP2005531890A (ja) * | 2002-07-01 | 2005-10-20 | エスエフツェー スマート フュエル セル アーゲー | 流体分離装置 |
EP1887647A1 (de) * | 2006-08-09 | 2008-02-13 | Forschungszentrum Jülich Gmbh | Direkt-Alkohol-Brennstoffzellenstapel mit einem Kohlendioxidabscheider |
US7432003B2 (en) | 2002-11-22 | 2008-10-07 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Mixing tank for fuel cell |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP4473526B2 (ja) * | 2003-06-30 | 2010-06-02 | パナソニック株式会社 | 燃料電池の運転方法とそのシステム |
DE102005020249A1 (de) * | 2005-04-28 | 2006-11-02 | Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Direkt-Methanol-Brennstoffzellensystem und Verfahren zum Betreiben eines solchen |
JP2006331907A (ja) * | 2005-05-27 | 2006-12-07 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 直接メタノール型燃料電池 |
US8735008B2 (en) * | 2009-02-17 | 2014-05-27 | Samsung Sdi Co., Ltd. | Fuel cell system |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3826955A1 (de) * | 1988-08-09 | 1990-02-15 | Krupp Gmbh | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum eintragen von sauerstoff in fluessigkeiten |
US5573866A (en) * | 1995-05-08 | 1996-11-12 | International Fuel Cells Corp. | Direct methanol oxidation polymer electrolyte membrane power system |
DE19807878A1 (de) * | 1998-02-25 | 1999-08-26 | Dbb Fuel Cell Engines Gmbh | Brennstoffzellensystem |
WO1999044253A1 (en) * | 1998-02-25 | 1999-09-02 | Ballard Power Systems Inc. | Direct dimethyl ether fuel cells |
DE19954546A1 (de) * | 1999-11-12 | 2001-05-31 | Daimler Chrysler Ag | Verfahren und Anordnung zur Wiedergewinnung eines wasserläslichen Brennstoffs aus einem Abgasstrom einer Direkt-Brennstoff-Brennstoffzelle |
Family Cites Families (10)
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US4341739A (en) * | 1969-02-06 | 1982-07-27 | Leathers Chemical Company, Limited | Phosphoric acid ammoniation apparatus |
US3791102A (en) * | 1971-06-10 | 1974-02-12 | R Huntington | Multiple compartment packed bed absorber-desorber heat exchanger and method |
FR2252120B1 (de) * | 1973-11-26 | 1978-11-10 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | |
DE3812812C1 (de) * | 1988-04-16 | 1989-10-19 | Mtu Friedrichshafen Gmbh | |
US5078758A (en) * | 1990-02-26 | 1992-01-07 | Chevron Research And Technology Company | Method and an apparatus for removing fine-grained particles from a gaseous stream |
US5110325A (en) * | 1990-04-20 | 1992-05-05 | Lerner Bernard J | Recycle spray gas-liquid contactor |
DE4026733A1 (de) * | 1990-08-24 | 1992-02-27 | Huels Chemische Werke Ag | Verfahren zur reinigung eines oxidationsabgases |
US5139544A (en) * | 1990-10-22 | 1992-08-18 | Koch Engineering Company, Inc. | Gas-liquid contact column with improved mist eliminator and method |
JPH0760050A (ja) * | 1993-08-31 | 1995-03-07 | Ebara Corp | メタノールを含む気体の処理装置 |
US6015450A (en) * | 1998-08-13 | 2000-01-18 | The M. W. Kellogg Company | Reducing methanol emissions from a syngas unit |
-
2000
- 2000-08-16 DE DE10040087A patent/DE10040087A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2001
- 2001-08-03 EP EP01960151A patent/EP1338046A2/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2001-08-03 JP JP2002520335A patent/JP2004507049A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 2001-08-03 WO PCT/DE2001/002980 patent/WO2002015306A2/de not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2001-08-03 CA CA002419467A patent/CA2419467A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2003
- 2003-02-18 US US10/368,158 patent/US20030145730A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3826955A1 (de) * | 1988-08-09 | 1990-02-15 | Krupp Gmbh | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum eintragen von sauerstoff in fluessigkeiten |
US5573866A (en) * | 1995-05-08 | 1996-11-12 | International Fuel Cells Corp. | Direct methanol oxidation polymer electrolyte membrane power system |
DE19807878A1 (de) * | 1998-02-25 | 1999-08-26 | Dbb Fuel Cell Engines Gmbh | Brennstoffzellensystem |
WO1999044253A1 (en) * | 1998-02-25 | 1999-09-02 | Ballard Power Systems Inc. | Direct dimethyl ether fuel cells |
DE19954546A1 (de) * | 1999-11-12 | 2001-05-31 | Daimler Chrysler Ag | Verfahren und Anordnung zur Wiedergewinnung eines wasserläslichen Brennstoffs aus einem Abgasstrom einer Direkt-Brennstoff-Brennstoffzelle |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
NARAYANAN S R ET AL: "DESIGN AND OPERATION OF AN ELECTROCHEMICAL METHANOL CONCENTRATION SENSOR FOR DIRECT METHANOL FUEL CELL SYSTEMS" ELECTROCHEMICAL AND SOLID-STATE LETTERS, IEEE SERVICE CENTER, PISCATAWAY, NJ, US, Bd. 3, Nr. 3, M{rz 2000 (2000-03), Seiten 117-120, XP000966183 ISSN: 1099-0062 * |
Cited By (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1501145A1 (de) * | 2002-04-15 | 2005-01-26 | NEC Corporation | Brennstoffbatterie, elektrische einrichtung, tragbarer computer und brennstoffbatterie-ansteuerverfahren |
EP1501145A4 (de) * | 2002-04-15 | 2007-09-19 | Nec Corp | Brennstoffbatterie, elektrische einrichtung, tragbarer computer und brennstoffbatterie-ansteuerverfahren |
JP2005531890A (ja) * | 2002-07-01 | 2005-10-20 | エスエフツェー スマート フュエル セル アーゲー | 流体分離装置 |
US7432003B2 (en) | 2002-11-22 | 2008-10-07 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Mixing tank for fuel cell |
WO2004105166A2 (en) * | 2003-05-14 | 2004-12-02 | The Gillette Company | Fuel cell systems |
WO2004105166A3 (en) * | 2003-05-14 | 2005-12-15 | Gillette Co | Fuel cell systems |
JP2006528417A (ja) * | 2003-05-14 | 2006-12-14 | ザ ジレット カンパニー | 燃料電池システム |
US7211344B2 (en) | 2003-05-14 | 2007-05-01 | The Gillette Company | Fuel cell systems |
CN100414760C (zh) * | 2003-05-14 | 2008-08-27 | 吉莱特公司 | 燃料电池系统 |
EP1887647A1 (de) * | 2006-08-09 | 2008-02-13 | Forschungszentrum Jülich Gmbh | Direkt-Alkohol-Brennstoffzellenstapel mit einem Kohlendioxidabscheider |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE10040087A1 (de) | 2002-03-07 |
CA2419467A1 (en) | 2003-02-14 |
WO2002015306A3 (de) | 2003-06-12 |
US20030145730A1 (en) | 2003-08-07 |
EP1338046A2 (de) | 2003-08-27 |
JP2004507049A (ja) | 2004-03-04 |
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