WO2001090392A1 - Nouveau vecteur d'adenovirus recombinant a effets secondaires reduits - Google Patents
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- WO2001090392A1 WO2001090392A1 PCT/JP2001/004360 JP0104360W WO0190392A1 WO 2001090392 A1 WO2001090392 A1 WO 2001090392A1 JP 0104360 W JP0104360 W JP 0104360W WO 0190392 A1 WO0190392 A1 WO 0190392A1
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a recombinant adenovirus vector for gene therapy and a method for producing the same.
- the present invention provides a novel recombinant adenovirus vector which reduces inflammation upon in vivo administration by suppressing the induction of adenovirus gene expression by a foreign promoter inserted into the adenovirus genome, and its production.
- the present invention relates to a method, a cell line used for the production of the recombinant adenovirus vector, and a certain class relates to a gene therapy method using the recombinant adenovirus vector.
- Adenovirus vectors are excellent vectors for gene transfer into animal cells because of their advantages such as high gene transfer efficiency, gene transfer into non-dividing cells, and easy preparation of high titer virus solution. Clinical application as a vector for gene therapy has been attempted.
- a widely used adenovirus vector is a non-propagating vector in which the E1 gene essential for adenovirus propagation and expression of all adenovirus proteins has been deleted. This vector is a first-generation adenovirus vector. (Also may include a deletion of the E3 gene).
- first-generation adenovirus vector lacks the E1 gene, it was thought that normal cells that do not express the E1 gene, such as human cells, would not express any adenovirus protein.
- transfection of transgenes in vivo using first-generation adenovirus vectors results in transient transgene expression and an inflammatory response at the transfected site. USA, Vol. 91, 4407-4411, (1994), and Wilmott RW et al., Hum. Gene Ther., Vol. 7, 301. —318 ⁇ (1996)).
- adenovirus vectors that also deleted genes essential for the growth of adenovirus other than the El gene and that enabled virus growth by supplementing the protein encoded by that gene from virus-producing cells.
- adenovirus vectors in which the E2A gene has been deleted Zhou H. et. Al., J. Virol., Vol. 70, 7030-7038. (1996), and Gorziglia MI et. Virol., Vol. 70, 4173-4178. (1996)
- an adenovirus vector in which the E4 gene, which is the same as the E2A gene, is deleted Zagliak V. et al., Hum. Gene Ther., Vol. 6, 1575-1586.
- HD vector helper-dependent adenovirus vector
- This HD vector is also called a gutted vector or gutless vector. It has been reported that the HD vector exhibited effects of vector improvement, such as prolonged transgene expression and reduced inflammatory response (Morsy MA et. Al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, Vol.
- the HD vector when this HD vector is clinically applied as a drug, there is a major problem in that the productivity of the vector is low.
- the reason is as follows. First, at the time of HD vector production, the HD vector relies on helper adenovirus to supply all the proteins necessary for growth. Because of the production principle of propagating the HD vector while always keeping the helper virus at a certain ratio or less, the reported HD vector production per unit cell is clearly lower than that of the first-generation adenovirus vector. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, Vol. 95, 7866-7871. (1998), and Schiedner G. et. Al., Nature Gnent., Vol. 18, 180. -183. (1998)).
- the target HD vector is always contaminated with the helper virus used for its production, both viruses must be separated by ultracentrifugation based on the subtle difference in the specific gravity of both viruses to remove the helper virus. You have to.
- the first generation adenovirus vector may also be purified by ultracentrifugation, but its purpose is to remove contaminating proteins from adenovirus particles.
- the purification of the HD vector it is necessary to remove the contaminating proteins and to separate the helper virus as described above. Therefore, the amount that can be purified by one ultracentrifugation is smaller than that of the first-generation adenovirus vector. If the helper virus is not sufficiently removed, the safety of the vector itself is a concern.
- the first-generation adenovirus vector uses a column method (Huyghe BD et. al., Hum. Gene Ther., Vol. 6, 1403-1416. (1995)).
- For the HD vector it is necessary to remove the helper virus. Not applicable.
- HD vectors are clearly less productive than first-generation adenovirus vectors, both during production in cultured cells and in the subsequent purification process. Therefore, it is considered extremely difficult and impractical to produce a sufficient amount of HD vector for clinical use.
- CMV cytomegalovirus
- Virus-derived promoters such as the (RSV) promoter are widely used in gene therapy vectors such as adenovirus vectors because of their high promoter activity.However, they are used for long-term expression of target genes from these promoters in vivo. Require the protein encoded by the adenovirus E4 gene (Armentano D. et al., J. Virol., Vol. 71, 2408-2416.
- An object of the present invention is to provide an adenovirus vector capable of multiplying independently of a helper virus, and hardly expressing adenovirus proteins in vivo, and consequently not inducing an inflammatory response
- An object of the present invention is to provide a new adenovirus vector having the property that the expression period can be maintained.
- Another object is to provide a powerful adenovirus vector for gene therapy.
- the present inventors diligently studied the cause of an inflammatory response when a first-generation adenovirus vector lacking the E1 gene was administered to an individual animal. As a result, they found that the mechanism of expression of adenovirus proteins when cells were infected with the first-generation adenovirus vector was completely different from the conventional hypothesis, in the absence of the E1 protein. That is, the present inventors did not trigger the expression of the adenovirus protein by the expression of the adenovirus virus, but by the expression of the early gene, which has been heretofore described. It was clarified that this was due to a foreign promoter inserted into the tractor.
- a specific component such as an enhancer
- a specific component such as an enhancer
- the mainly expressed adenovirus gene is not a major late gene that is controlled by the major late promoter (MLP) and encodes a hexon or the like, but a protein IX gene that has an independent promoter. I found something.
- MLP major late promoter
- Protein IX is not an essential protein for the growth of adenovirus, but it is a protein that is necessary to construct a complete adenovirus particle. Therefore, simply deleting the protein IX gene from the first-generation adenovirus vector does not provide the normal adenovirus vector desired by the present inventors. Thus, the present inventors have further studied diligently and found that the problem can be solved by the following two methods.
- One is a method of rearranging the protein IX gene of the adenovirus vector from a normal position to a position not affected by the foreign promoter (referred to as a protein IX rearranged adenovirus vector).
- the other is a method in which the protein IX gene is deleted from the adenovirus vector, a new cell line producing protein IX is produced, and the cell line is used to produce an adenovirus vector in which the protein IX gene is deleted. (Protein IX deleted adenovirus vector).
- the adenovirus gene whose expression is induced by the influence of the foreign promoter is mainly the protein IX gene, but the expression of the protein IVa2 gene and L1 gene may be induced.
- the present invention has been completed based on the above findings.
- adenovirus genome promoter is an MLP and / or IVa2 gene promoter.
- the protein IX gene of the adenovirus genome has been rearranged from a normal position to a position that is not induced by a foreign motor
- the recombinant adenovirus vector according to 9. which carries ORF 3 of E4 gene of adenovirus genome.
- adenovirus vector according to any one of the above 1 to 17, wherein the foreign promoter comprises a component derived from a mammal and a component derived from Z or an animal virus.
- adenovirus vector according to any one of 1 to 22 above, wherein the adenovirus is a human adenovirus.
- adenovirus vector according to 23 wherein the adenovirus is a type 2 or 5 adenovirus.
- E 1 A and E 1 B genes, E 3 genes, and adenovirus genome The recombinant adenovirus vector according to any one of the above 25 to 27, wherein all or a part of at least one gene other than the protein IX gene has been deleted.
- the recombinant adenovirus vector according to the above 30. which carries the ORF 3 of the E4 gene of the adenovirus genome.
- the adenovirus is a human adenovirus, 25.-37.
- Mammalian-derived cells having the following features (1 2) and (1 3):
- the adenovirus protein IX gene is The cell according to the above 40, wherein the expression is controlled by a foreign promoter other than one of the following:
- the cell according to 40 or 41 further expressing at least one or more adenovirus genes other than the adenovirus E1 gene and protein IX gene.
- the cell according to 42 which expresses the adenovirus E1 gene, protein IX gene, and E2A gene.
- the foreign adenovirus vector according to any one of 45 to 48, wherein a foreign gene including a foreign promoter is inserted leftward.
- the foreign promoter is the EF1 ⁇ promoter, as described in 45. to 49. Any of the recombinant adenovirus vectors described above,
- a recombinant adenowinores vector having the following characteristics (19) to (21), which reduces inflammation when administered in vivo:
- a nucleotide sequence having a property of suppressing the induction of adenovirus gene expression by the foreign promoter is inserted between the foreign promoter and the adenovirus gene;
- a pharmaceutical composition comprising as an active ingredient a recombinant adenovirus vector selected from the above 1. to 39. and 45. to 53., which does not reduce or induce inflammation upon administration of in ViVo,
- a method for reducing inflammation during in Vivo administration comprising administering to a mammal a recombinant adenovirus vector selected from the above 1. to 39. and 45. to 53.
- a gene therapy method for reducing inflammation upon administration of in vivo comprising administering to a mammal a recombinant adenovirus vector selected from the above 1. to 39. and 45. to 53.
- a recombinant adenovirus vector selected from the above 1. to 39. and 45. to 53. for producing a pharmaceutical composition for gene therapy that does not reduce or induce inflammation upon in vivo administration. About.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of the adenovirus vector used in the experiment.
- CAG indicates the CAG promoter
- pA indicates the poly A sequence
- the arrow above it indicates the direction of transcription.
- Ad5 genome is the human adenovirus type 5 genome
- lacZ is the E. coli lacZ gene
- Cre is the recombinase Cre gene
- hGH is the human growth hormone cDNA.
- FIG. 2 is a graph showing the average daily changes in serum GPT values of C57BL / 6 mice to which the adenovirus vector AxlCAHGH or ⁇ 2 ⁇ -CAHGH was administered via the tail vein (5 animals per group).
- ⁇ is 1 X 10 9 PFU
- ⁇ is 3 X 10 8 PFU
- ⁇ is 1 x 10.
- the group to which the PFU adenovirus vector was administered is shown.
- FIG. 3 is a daraf showing the average daily changes in serum GPT of C57BL / 6 mice to which adenovirus vectors or UV-inactivated adenovirus particles of various structures were administered via tail vein (5 mice per group).
- the reference is 1 X 10.
- PFU indicates 3 ⁇ 10 ° PFU
- ⁇ indicates 1 ⁇ 10 8 PFU
- ⁇ indicates the group to which 3 ⁇ 10 7 PFU vector was administered.
- Saline indicates a group administered with saline
- UV-inactivated indicates a group administered with UV-inactivated adenovirus particles.
- FIG. 4 is a photograph showing the results of a Northern blot.
- A549 cells or HepG2 cells were infected with the following adenovirus vectors at moi 100, and RNA was prepared from the cells 24 hours later. After electrophoresis of 5 ⁇ g of each RNA, Northern blot was performed to detect (A) L3 RNA, (B) IVa2 RNA, and (C) pIX RNA.
- Mock mock infection
- lwl Axlwl
- CAwt AxCAwt
- HGH AxlCAHGH
- ⁇ 2 ⁇ ⁇ 2 ⁇ -CAHGH.
- Arrows and numbers on the right side of the gel indicate the position and size of the target band.
- Ad5-dlX Saito I. et. Al., J. Virol., Vol. 54, 711-719. (1985)
- Ad5-dlX Saito I. et. Al., J. Virol., Vol. 54, 711-719. (1985)
- FIG. 5 is a photograph showing the results of a Northern plot of the protein IX (pIX) gene.
- A549 cells were infected with AxCAwt or AdCMVlacZ using the moi shown in the figure, and RNA was prepared from the cells 24 hours later. After electrophoresis of each RNA 5, Northern blot was performed and pIX
- RNA was detected.
- the abbreviations in the figure indicate Mock: Motta infection, CAG: AxCAwt, CMV: AdCMVlacZ.
- Ad5-dlX (see Fig. 4) was used to infect A549 cells with a moi of 10, after 24 hours, RNA was prepared, and the amount of RNA shown in the figure was measured. They were used for swimming.
- FIG. 6 is a photograph showing the result of a Northern blot of the pIX gene.
- A549 cells were infected with each of the adenovirus vectors shown in the figure with moi 30 or moi 100, and RNA was recovered 24 hours later.
- Northern blot was performed using 5 ⁇ g of each RNA, and pIX RNA was detected.
- FIG. 7 shows the average daily change in serum GPT of C57BL / 6 mice to which adenovirus vectors having different promoters were administered via tail vein (5 mice per group).
- ⁇ indicates the group to which 1 ⁇ 10 ”PFU
- ⁇ indicates the group to which 3 ⁇ 10” PFU was administered
- ⁇ indicates the group to which 1 ⁇ 10 8 PFU was administered.
- FIG. 8 is a photograph showing the results of a Western blot using an antiserum to pIX fusion protein (GST-pIX).
- Ad5-dlX (see Fig. 4) was used to infect A549 cells with a moi of 10. After about one day, the cells were collected and dissolved in SDS sample buffer. This cell lysate or purified virus particles (7.5 x 10'PFU) was subjected to SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) under reducing conditions, and Western blotting was performed.
- Anti-pIX serum # 1 Anti- pIX
- Pre-immune pre-immune
- the abbreviations in the figure indicate Mock: uninfected cells, Ad5: Ad5-dlX infected cells, and Virion: purified virus particles.
- the numbers on the right side of the figure indicate the molecular weights of the molecular weight markers.
- a colored molecular weight marker (GIBC0 BRL, Cat. No. 10748-010) was used.
- a value corrected from the mobility of an uncolored molecular weight marker (New England Biolabs, model number P7702S) was used.
- the values in parentheses are values that have not been corrected for the uncolored molecular weight.
- FIG. 9 is a photograph showing the result of pIX western blot.
- A549 cells were infected with AxCAwt (moi 100), Awlwl (moi 100) or Ad5-dlX (moi 10), and the cells were collected about 1 day later and dissolved in SDS sample buffer. After SDS-PAGE, Western blotting was performed to detect pIX.
- Ad5 Ad5-dlX infected cells
- CAwt AxCAwt infected cells
- lwl Awlwl infected cells
- Mock uninfected cells.
- the numbers on the right side of the figure indicate the molecular weight (see Fig. 8).
- FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a pIX rearranged adenovirus vector, a pIX deleted adenovirus vector, and the like.
- lacZ indicates the expression unit of E. coli lacZ gene
- pIX indicates the protein IX gene
- psi indicates the packaging signal
- CAG indicates the CAG promoter
- hGH indicates the human growth hormone cDNA
- pA indicates the poly A sequence.
- Arrows indicate the transcription direction of each gene.
- FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram showing a method for constructing the cosmid vectors pAx ApIXcw and pAx ApIXCAHGH.
- the white box indicates the human adenovirus type 5 genome
- the thin line indicates the DNA sequence derived from Escherichia coli.
- the numbers on the restriction enzyme names indicate the nucleotide numbers of the respective restriction enzyme recognition sites in human adenovirus type 5.
- Ap R indicates the ampicillin resistance gene
- ori indicates the replication origin of E. coli
- COS indicates the COS site of ⁇ phage.
- FIG. 12 is a photograph showing the result of a Northern blot of the pIX gene in the pIX-expressing cell line.
- Four clones of the pIX-expressing cell line (# 2, # 5, # 6, # 10) were passaged up to passage 30, RNA was prepared from the cell line every 5 passages, and Northern blotting was performed.
- P1, P5, P10, P15, P20, P25, and P30 indicate the number of passages.
- the left three lanes are negative and positive controls.
- Mock indicates RNA prepared from 293 cells not infected with virus, and 8 hr and 24 hr indicate RNA prepared by infecting 293 cells with Axlwl at moi 10 and 8 hours (8 hours) and 24 hours (24 hours).
- FIG. 13 is a photograph showing the result of western blot of pIX in a pIX-expressing cell line. After 4 passages of 4 clones (# 2, S5, # 6, and # 10) of the pIX-expressing cell line, Dissolved in one. After SDS-PAGE, western blot was performed to detect pIX. The three lanes on the right are negative and positive controls. See Figure 12 for details. An uncolored molecular weight marker (New England Biolabs, model number P7702S) was used as the molecular weight marker.
- the cause of inflammation that occurs when a recombinant adenovirus vector is administered in vivo is caused by an exogenous promoter.
- a gene of the adenovirus genome that should not be expressed is expressed by the action of a foreign promoter, and that the expressed adenovirus-derived protein causes inflammation.
- the genomic structure of the recombinant adenovirus vector should be appropriately modified so as not to be affected by the foreign promoter.
- a person skilled in the art can modify the genomic structure of the recombinant adenovirus vector so as not to be affected by the foreign promoter, by using ordinary gene recombination techniques.
- the recombinant adenovirus of the present invention may have any structure as long as it has a modified genomic structure of the recombinant adenovirus vector so as not to be affected by the above-described foreign promoter. Included in the category of vectors.
- Representative forms of the recombinant adenovirus vector of the present invention include those having the following features (1) to (4).
- the adenovirus used for producing the recombinant adenovirus vector of the present invention is a virus using an animal as a natural host, and particularly a human adenovirus using a human as a host is preferably used.
- human adenovirus of subgroup C such as human adenovirus type 2 or 5 is used.
- map units maps, hereinafter abbreviated as mu, 1 mu is about 360 base pairs
- mu maps
- the entire nucleotide sequence of the human adenovirus type 2 genome is in Genebank (accession number J01949), and the entire nucleotide sequence of the human adenovirus type 5 genome is in genebank (accession number). Number M73260).
- the deletion of the adenovirus E1A gene and the E1B gene in the above (1) means that all or a part of the nucleotide sequence of both genes is absent, so that functional E1A and E1B proteins are not produced. There is no particular limitation on the range of deletion as long as the deletion is simple.
- the protein IX gene exists at a position completely overlapping with a part of the E1B gene, but the deletion of the E1B gene does not usually include the deletion of the protein IX gene.
- Examples of deletions of the E1A and E1B genes include deletion of 1.3-9.3 mu of adenovirus type 5 (deletion of all E1A genes and most of E1B genes; Trapnell BC, Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, Vol. 12, 185-199.
- the E1A gene and the E1B gene may be simply referred to as an E1 gene or an E1 region.
- the foreign promoter is the original promoter of adenovirus.
- the term “foreign gene” refers to a gene encoding a promoter, a protein, and the like, and a base sequence for performing transcription comprising a polyA sequence and the like.
- the term “foreign gene” generally refers to a gene that expresses a protein or the like for treating a target disease when gene therapy is intended.
- a foreign gene can be easily prepared by inserting a gene encoding a desired protein into various commercially available expression vectors. Insertion of the prepared foreign gene into the adenovirus genome can also be performed by a known technique described in the literature (Graham F. et al., A1., Pro Natl. Acad. Sci.
- the foreign gene is preferably inserted into the E1 gene deletion site.
- the gene of the adenovirus genome whose expression is induced by the foreign promoter refers to a gene of the adenovirus genome such that the transcription of the gene is caused by the action of a specific component in the foreign promoter.
- Specific examples include protein IX gene, protein IVa2 gene, and L1 gene.
- the gene of the adenovirus genome which is induced to be expressed by such a foreign promoter is rearranged from a normal position to a position which is not to be induced by a foreign promoter, or By deleting the gene, expression of the gene during in vivo administration can be prevented.
- a specific example is the protein IX gene. This achieves the object of the present invention that inflammation is reduced during in vivo administration.
- the gene is deleted in the above, the previously deleted gene is introduced and expressed in the cells in which the recombinant adenovirus vector is propagated in order to form normal virus particles. There is a need.
- having the property equivalent to that of an adenovirus wild-type strain means maintaining the ratio of components of virus particles such as proteins, physicochemical properties of virus particles, and infectivity to cells. In terms of viewpoint, it has almost the same properties as the wild type.
- all or part of at least one adenovirus genome gene other than the E1A and E1B genes can be further deleted. Specifically, it is possible to delete all or a part of the E3 gene, the E2A gene, and the Z or E4 gene.
- the E4 gene is to be deleted here, it is preferable to delete at least one ORF of the E4 gene. Particularly, a deletion retaining at least 0RF3 is preferable.
- Suitable forms of the recombinant adenovirus vector of the present invention include those having the following features (5) to (8).
- the protein IX gene of the adenovirus genome has been rearranged from a normal position to a position that is not subject to expression induction by a foreign mouth motor;
- the foreign gene in the above (6) is preferably inserted at the E1 gene deletion site. More preferably, a foreign gene has been inserted into the viral genome at a site where 1.3-1.2 mu has been deleted, that is, at a site where all of the E1 gene and the protein IX gene have been deleted (due to rearrangement). Is desirable.
- the adenovirus protein IX (hereinafter sometimes referred to as pIX) of the above (7) is a small component constituting the groups of nine hexons in the capsid of adenovirus particles, and is a virion. And the size of the viral genome that can be packaged.
- protein IX is not an essential component of adenovirus growth, virions lacking protein IX become unstable to heat (Colby WW et. Al., J. Virol., Vol. 39, 977- 980. (1981)), and can package only genomic DNA of 90% of the size of the wild-type strain (Ghosh-Choudhury G. et. Al., EMB0 J., Vol. 6, 1733-1739. (1987)). Therefore, protein IX is required to form normal virus particles.
- the fact that the protein IX gene of the adenovirus genome is rearranged from a normal position to a position not to be induced by a foreign promoter means that the protein IX gene is originally present in the wild-type adenovirus genome.
- Location, ie 9.7-11.2 mu in the human adenovirus type 5 genome does not have the protein IX gene and the protein IX gene exists at any other position in the adenovirus genome. It is.
- the protein IX gene is not induced to be expressed by the foreign promoter indicates that the transcription of the protein IX gene is not induced by the foreign promoter.
- the adenovirus vector in which the protein IX gene has been rearranged may be referred to as “protein IX rearranged adenovirus vector”.
- the position where the protein IX gene is rearranged is not particularly limited as long as the protein IX gene is not induced by a foreign promoter and the expression of the protein IX is not significantly suppressed in the vector growth cycle. Hanare ,. However, it is desirable to relocate it to a position more than 10 kb away from the foreign promoter, and to a position where cloning of the foreign gene is easy.
- a preferred example of such a position is a position 18 kb or more away from the foreign promoter, and a specific example thereof is that between the L3 gene and the E2A gene of the adenovirus genome (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 8-308585). Location.
- Another preferred example is a position 24 kb or more away from the foreign promoter, and a specific example thereof is a deletion site of the E3 gene of the adenovirus genome. Further, another preferable example is a position 30 kb or more away from the foreign motor, and specific examples thereof include the upstream region of the E4 gene of the adenovirus genome and the 3 ′ ITR (inverted repeat sequence). (Saito I. et. Al., J. Virol., Vol. 54, 711-719. (1985)).
- Deletion of the protein IX gene from a normal position and rearrangement to the above position can be easily performed based on ordinary gene recombination techniques or the above-mentioned known recombinant adenovirus production technique. Whether the produced protein IX rearranged adenovirus vector is suitable for the purpose of the present invention was determined by examining the presence or absence of inflammation during in vivo administration described in Example 5 and described in Example 6. It can be evaluated by Northern blot analysis or the like.
- the virus particle containing the protein IX equivalent to that of the wild type adenovirus strain refers to an adenovirus particle containing the protein IX in substantially the same ratio as the protein IX contained in the wild type adenovirus particle.
- normal ui A virus particle is an adenovirus particle that retains infectivity to cells, exhibits thermostability, and has properties similar to those of a wild-type adenovirus, such as the size of genomic DNA that can be packaged.
- the protein IX rearranged adenovirus vector it is possible to delete the E1A and E1B genes, rearrange the protein IX gene, and delete all or part of the other genes of the adenovirus genome. it can. Specifically, it is possible to delete all or a part of the E3 gene, the E2A gene, and the Z or E4 gene.
- the length of “all or a part” is not particularly limited as long as it is a deletion that does not produce a functional viral protein.
- the base sequences of the adenovirus genome such as the E3 gene, E2A gene, and E4 gene are described in, for example, the literature (Edited by The Adenoviruses, Ginsberg HS, 1984, Plenum Press, New York). If so, the operation of deleting these genes from the adenovirus vector can be easily performed.
- the E4 gene When deleting the E4 gene, it is desirable to retain at least one 0RF (open reading frame) of the E4 gene. In particular, it is desirable to retain 0RF3 of the E4 gene.
- the E4 gene encodes seven types of polypeptides due to differences in splicing of RNA after transcription, and 0RF3 is one of the polypeptides. . 0RF3 has a function of promoting viral gene expression and DNA replication during the adenovirus growth cycle.
- 0RF3 of the E4 gene is required for some exogenous promoters such as the CMV promoter described below to maintain their promoter activity in vivo for a long time (Luskv M. et al., J. Virol., Vol. 73, 8308-8319. (1999), and Yew NS et. Al., Hum. Gene Ther., Vol. 10, 1833—1843.
- the cell line that produces the protein IX rearranged adenovirus vector of the present invention can be used for the production of a recombinant adenovirus vector that expresses the E1 gene and expresses the E1 gene like 293 cells derived from human fetal kidney (ATCC CRL-1573).
- a suitable cell line There is no particular limitation as long as it is a suitable cell line.
- an undesired adenovirus may be produced by homologous recombination.
- a cell line containing only the minimum necessary portion of the E1 gene was used to minimize the presence of overlapping DNA sequences between the vector genome and the chromosome of the cell line. It is preferable to do so.
- An example is the PER cell line derived from human embryonic retina (HER) cells (Fallaux F. J. et. Al., Hum. Gene Ther., Vol. 9, 1909-1917.
- Cell lines expressing other adenovirus genes such as the E2A gene in addition to the El gene can also be used, if necessary.
- the other adenovirus gene-expressing cell lines can be prepared, for example, by introducing an expression vector prepared by incorporating the adenovirus gene into an appropriate expression vector into the E1 gene-expressing cell by a conventional method. Can be.
- Another preferred form of the recombinant adenovirus vector of the present invention is an adenovirus vector in which the E1 gene and the protein IX gene are deleted from the adenovirus genome, but the virus particles contain a normal amount of the protein IX. Is received. That is, a recombinant adenovirus vector having the following features (9) to (11) is mentioned.
- (11) Contains the same protein IX as the wild-type adenovirus strain and forms normal virus particles.
- protein IX deletion type adenovirus vector This vector is referred to as “protein IX deletion type adenovirus vector”.
- the protein IX gene is deleted, and there is no particular limitation as long as the partial peptide of protein IX is a deletion that does not express a peptide derived from the protein IX gene. Nare, It is preferable to delete at least the entire coding region of the protein IX gene. Further, it is more preferable to delete 1.3-11.2 mu from the virus genome and delete all of the E1 gene and the protein IX gene. These deletions can be easily made by ordinary gene recombination techniques.
- a cell line that expresses protein IX is required.
- the cell line will be described later.
- the foreign gene in the above (10) is preferably inserted at the E1 gene deletion site. More preferably, a foreign gene is desirably inserted into the viral genome at the site where 1.3-11.2 mu is deleted, that is, at the site where the entire E1 gene and the protein IX gene are deleted. Similarly to the protein IX rearranged adenovirus vector, the protein IX deletion type adenovirus vector can delete all or part of the adenovirus E3 gene. It is also possible to insert a foreign gene at the site of the deletion.
- the virus particle containing the protein IX equivalent to that of the wild type adenovirus strain refers to an adenovirus particle containing the protein IX at substantially the same ratio as the protein IX contained in the wild type adenovirus particle.
- a normal virus particle is an adenovirus particle that retains infectivity to cells, and has properties similar to those of a wild-type adenovirus, such as heat stability and the size of genomic DNA that can be packaged. .
- the virus particles can be produced by infecting a cell line expressing protein ⁇ with a protein IX-deficient adenovirus vector and growing the same.
- the protein IX-deleted adenowinores vector of the present invention can delete the E1A and E1B genes and the protein IX gene, and further delete all or part of the other adenovirus genomic genes. . Specific deletion is the same as in the case of the protein IX rearranged adenovirus vector described above. It is possible to delete all or part of the E2A gene and the Z or E4 gene.
- the length of “all or part” is not particularly limited as long as it is a deletion that does not produce a functional viral protein.
- nucleotide sequences of the adenovirus genome such as the E3 gene, E2A gene, and E4 gene are described in, for example, the literature (The Adenoviruses, edited by Ginsberg HS, 1984, Plenum Press, New York). Thus, an operation for deleting these genes from the adenovirus vector can be easily performed.
- the recombinant adenovirus vector of the present invention is a foreign promoter for expressing a target foreign gene such as a therapeutic gene.
- a target foreign gene such as a therapeutic gene.
- An exogenous promoter can be any promoter that functions in mammalian cells and can express a desired gene in a desired amount, such as an animal virus-derived promoter, a mammalian cell-derived promoter, or a hybrid promoter of both. It can be used without limitation.
- a foreign promoter in many cases, the higher the expression level of the therapeutic gene is, the more desirable it is.
- CMV promoter Feecking MK et. Al. Gene, Vol. 45, 101-105. (1986)
- CAG promoter Newa H. et. Al., Gene, Vol. 108, 193-200. (1991)
- IE immediate early gene of human megarow inoles
- the CAG promoter consists of a CMV IE enhancer, a chicken] 3-actin promoter, a heron] 3-globin splice receptor and a polyA sequence.
- both the CMV promoter and the CAG promoter include the enhancer of the IE gene of CMV (Boshart M. et. Al., Cell, Vol. 41, 521-530. (1985)).
- the enhancer of the IE gene of CMV may be simply referred to as “CMV enhancer”.
- CMV enhancer which the CMV promoter and CAG promoter have in common, is a cause of induction of expression of adenovirus genes such as protein IX. That is, CMV enhancer acts on the promoter of the protein IX gene and the like, and as a result, it is considered that the protein IX and the like are expressed.
- adenovirus vectors currently being clinically developed use a CMV promoter or a hybrid promoter containing a CMV enhancer. Therefore, for clinical application, the recombinant adenovirus vector of the present invention, which reduces inflammation when administered in vivo, is extremely effectively used.
- the same viral promoter In addition to the promoter containing the CMV enhancer described above, the same viral promoter, the SV40 promoter, the Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) promoter (Takebe Y. et. Al., Mol. Cell Biol., Vol. 8) , 466-472. (1988)).
- RSV Rous sarcoma virus
- a gene encoding a protein such as a cytokinin, an enzyme, a receptor, a structural protein of a virus, a gene encoding an antisense RNA-ribozyme, or the like may be used. be able to.
- the protein IX-deleted adenovirus vector of the present invention is derived from human fetal kidney Cell lines that express the El gene but do not express protein IX, such as 293 cells, can also grow.
- a protein IX-deficient adenovirus vector produced in a cell line that does not express protein IX does not contain the desired amount of protein IX in the virus particles, and thus has the desired properties in the present invention.
- No lus vector is available. Therefore, a special cell line that expresses at least the E1 gene and protein IX is required to produce the protein IX-deleted adenovirus vector of the present invention. That is, when the protein IX-deleted adenovirus vector of the present invention is propagated, mammalian cells having the following characteristics (12) and (13) are used.
- a protein IX deletion type adenovirus vector can be propagated.
- the method for preparing a cell line that expresses protein IX is as follows: cell lines that already express the E1 gene, such as human fetal kidney-derived 293 cells (ATCC CRL-1573), are expressed in an expression vector that contains the protein IX gene. Alternatively, cells that do not express the E1 gene may be transformed sequentially or simultaneously with an expression vector containing the E1 gene and the protein IX gene. However, even if cells are transformed with a DNA fragment containing all of the 1.3-11.2 mu E1A, E1B, and protein IX genes, a cell line expressing protein IX cannot be obtained. It is necessary to transform cells with a DNA fragment to which an appropriate promoter has been added.
- the promoter used for the expression of the protein IX is not particularly limited, and may be an exogenous promoter or an original promoter of the protein IX gene.
- the target cell line can be established and maintained, and as long as the protein IX-deficient adenovirus vector produced in the cell line forms a virus particle containing a normal amount of protein IX.
- constitutive promoters include the CAG promoter, CMV promoter, EF-1 ⁇ promoter, SRa promoter, SV40 promoter, RSV promoter, adenovirus major late promoter (MLP), and the like.
- inducible promoters include the metamouth thionein gene promoter and the mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) promoter.
- MMTV mouse mammary tumor virus
- a system in which the expression of a constitutive promoter is induced by tetracitalin ecdysone may be used.
- the above-described expression vector having a promoter and its expression induction system are either commercially available or can be obtained from public institutions. When commercially available, it can be purchased from, for example, Invitrogen, Clontech, or the like.
- the coding region of the protein IX gene is cloned by PCR and inserted into a commercially available expression vector (for example, pcDNA3.1 (+), Invitrogen). It can be produced by, for example, introducing into human fetal kidney-derived 293 cells and expressing the same. For details, refer to the examples described below.
- a cell line that further expresses the deleted gene is required.
- cell lines expressing these three genes are used.
- the E2A gene can be introduced and expressed in cells by the same method as the protein IX gene.
- a method for producing a recombinant adenovirus vector using the above cell line is as follows. It is a method well known to those skilled in the art, for example, using the C0S-TPC method (Miyake S. et.Al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., Vol. 93, 1320-1324. (1996)) and the like. be able to.
- a typical form of the recombinant adenovirus vector of the present invention is the recombinant adenovirus vector having the above-mentioned features (1) to (4).
- a preferred form is the protein IX rearranged adenovirus.
- Vectors and Proteins The explanation has been made by taking an IX deletion type adenovirus vector as an example.
- Other forms other than the above recombinant adenovirus vector include modifying the exogenous promoter itself to a form that does not induce adenovirus gene expression, or preventing the expression of adenovirus gene from being induced.
- Recombinant adenovirus vectors using various foreign promoters That is, another form of the recombinant adenovirus vector of the present invention includes a recombinant adenovirus vector having the following features (14) and (15).
- a foreign motor that does not induce adenovirus gene expression is inserted into the adenovirus genome.
- the term “foreign promoter that does not induce the expression of the adenovirus gene” may be any promoter as long as it is at least a foreign promoter that does not induce the expression of the protein IX gene.
- the protein IX gene does not need to be rearranged and deleted as described above, and it is sufficient that the protein IX gene is retained at its original position in the adenovirus genome.
- recombinant adenovirus vectors into which foreign genes containing various foreign promoters were inserted were prepared, and for example, the in vivo administration described in Example 5 was performed.
- the exogenous promoter does not contain at least CMV enhancer, and specific examples include EF-let promoter (Kim DW et. Al. Gene, Vol. 91, 217-223. (1990)). Can be Regarding the fact that the EF-1 promoter does not induce the expression of protein IX and does not induce inflammation, see Examples 8 and 9 described later. Furthermore, it is desirable that the expression unit including the foreign port motor that does not induce the expression of protein IX such as the EF- ⁇ promoter be inserted leftward (in the reverse direction of the transcription direction of the E1 gene). This is because, when the expression unit is inserted rightward, there is a concern that transcription from the foreign promoter will not be partially terminated at the regular site and will be transcribed to the protein IX gene.
- recombinant adenovirus vector of the present invention includes a recombinant adenovirus vector having the following features (19) to (21).
- a nucleotide sequence having a property of suppressing the induction of adenovirus gene expression by the foreign promoter is inserted between the foreign promoter and the adenovirus gene.
- a nucleotide sequence having the property of suppressing the induction of adenovirus gene expression by a foreign promoter refers to a DNA sequence that has the effect of suppressing the activation of the adenovirus gene promoter by the enhancer present in the foreign promoter.
- Examples include insulators such as "scs" and "da” that were initially discovered in Drosophila.
- An insulator is a DNA sequence that, when located between an enhancer and a promoter, prevents the promoter from being activated by the enhancer (Chung JC et. Al., Pro Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , Vol. 94, 575-580. (1997) and Bell AC, et. Al., Curr.
- the insulator include, in addition to the above “ ⁇ ?” And “ada”, a DNA fragment of about 1.2 kb at the 5'HS4 site of the 20] 3-globin locus (Chung JC et. al., Pro Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, Vol. 94, 575-580. (1997)) Yahi preparative T cell receptor alpha / [delta] locus over 7 (B eli A. C, et . al., Curr. Op in. Genet.
- the insulator to be inserted into the adenovirus vector of the present invention is not particularly limited. If the foreign enhancer promoter is an insulator that does not induce adenovirus gene expression, its origin, the size of the DNA fragment used, etc. No restrictions.
- an adenovirus vector containing an insulator an adenovirus vector containing the above-mentioned chicken-globin insulator and an inducible promoter (Steinwaerder DS et. Al., Bene Ther., Vol. 7, 556-567. 2000)), and an adenovirus vector (Vassux G. et. Al., Gene Ther., Vol.
- the background of the invention of the recombinant adenovirus vector of the present invention will be described. That is, the background of the discovery that forms the basis of the present invention, that is, the discovery that the cause of inflammation in the first-generation adenovirus vector is due to the induction of adenovirus gene expression by a foreign promoter will be described.
- the first generation adenovirus vector refers to a non-replicating adenovirus vector lacking the adenovirus E1 gene.
- First generation adenovirus vectors can only propagate in cell lines expressing the E1 gene, such as 293 cells.
- the deletion of the E3 gene in the first generation adenovirus vector is optional.
- the present inventors In order to test the conventional hypothesis that the expression of the E2A gene, which is the early gene of the adenovirus, is triggered by the occurrence of the phenotype, the present inventors also prepared an adenovirus vector lacking the E2A gene.
- the details of the method for preparing the E2A-deficient adenovirus vector of the present inventors are disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 8-308585. Therefore, in this specification, only the outline of the method for preparing is described below.
- the ⁇ ⁇ sequence which is the recognition sequence for the P1 phage recombinase Cre, was located between the adenovirus 3 gene and the E2A gene (61.5 mu) and at the N3 site where the E3 gene was deleted (78.0 mu).
- a first-generation adenovirus vector Fig. 1, Ax2LD3LCAHGH
- This Ax2LD3LCAHGH and the first-generation adenovirus vector expressing recombinase Cre were co-infected into 293 cells, resulting in an E2A-deficient adenovirus vector in which the E2A gene and L4 gene sandwiched between two ⁇ sequences were deleted. (Fig. 1, ⁇ E2A-CAHGH).
- each virus was separated according to the specific gravity of each virus particle by density gradient ultracentrifugation using cesium chloride, and the E2A-deficient adenovirus vector was purified with a purity of 97 to 98%.
- the expression unit was inserted into this E2A-deficient adenovirus vector ⁇ 2 ⁇ -CAHGH so that human growth hormone (hGH) was expressed as a reporter gene under the control of the CAG promoter described above.
- hGH human growth hormone
- a control vector for the E2A-deficient adenovirus vector a first-generation adenovirus vector having the same expression unit (Fig. 1, AxlCAHGH) was also prepared.
- the E2A gene was certainly deleted in the E2A-deficient adenovirus vector thus prepared. That is, the expression level of the protein DBP (single stranded DNA binding protein) encoded by the E2A gene in A549 cells (human lung cancer-derived cell line) infected with ⁇ E2A-CAHGH or AxlCAHGH was compared by the fluorescent antibody method. In AE2A-CAHGH-infected cells, DBP expression was clearly reduced, confirming the deletion of the E2A gene.
- DBP single stranded DNA binding protein
- the E2A-deficient adenovirus vector was evaluated using the blood GPT value as an index.
- the blood GPT value was increased in the AE2A-CAHGH-administered mouse as well as in the AxlCAHGH-administered mouse.
- Inflammation images such as infiltration of leukocytes including T cells in the liver and apoptosis of hepatocytes were observed in mice treated with AxlCAHGH 5 days after administration, but similar inflammation images were observed in mice treated with ⁇ ⁇ 2 ⁇ -CAHGH Was observed. That is, there was no difference in histopathology between the mice treated with both adenovirus vectors.
- Adenovirus genes other than the E2A gene, such as the E4 gene, are directly activated by cell-derived factors, and the expressed adenovirus protein itself induces cellular immunity or induces the expression of another adenovirus protein. However, the adenovirus protein induces cellular immunity and inflammation occurs.
- the hGH protein used as a reporter gene induces cell-mediated immunity, causing inflammation.
- the foreign promoter ( CAG promoter) inserted into the vector is adenowill It acts on the promoter to act as an enhancer, adenovirus protein is expressed, and the adenovirus protein induces cellular immunity, resulting in inflammation.
- ⁇ ⁇ Not the protein synthesized de novo in the cells infected by the vector, but the protein itself that constitutes the adenovirus particles that have entered the cells by infection induces cellular immunity and inflammation occurs. Alternatively, the invasion of the adenovirus particles into the cells itself is a stimulus, and inflammation occurs, for example, by inducing the production of inflammatory cytokines.
- UV-inactivated adenovirus particles are cells that retain their infectivity and can enter cells, but cannot grow in cells that allow the growth of adenovirus before inactivation. Adenovirus particles that have been inactivated so that expression of the foreign gene does not occur.
- AxCAwt-administered mice had about the same degree of inflammation as AxlCAHGH-administered mice, and Axlwl-administered mice had no inflammation.Therefore, the only structural difference between AxCAwt and Axlwl was the presence or absence of the CAG promoter. The cause of inflammation in the first generation adenovirus vector was found to be due to the CAG promoter inserted in the vector (3).
- E2A-deficient adenovirus vector ⁇ 2 ⁇ -CAHGH
- AxlCAHGH, AxCAwt, Axlwl three types of first-generation adenovirus vectors described in (a) to (c) above were transferred to A549 cells (human lung cancer-derived cell line).
- A549 cells human lung cancer-derived cell line
- HepG2 cells human liver cancer-derived cell line
- the adenovirus gene expressed 24 hours later was analyzed by Northern blot.
- the following eight adenovirus genes were examined for expression.
- CAG promoter early gene: E2A, E4, major late promoter (MLP) control of the major late genes: Ll, L2, L3, L5, delayed-early (delayed early) gene
- MLP major late promoter
- AxCAwt is a gene that is expressed to the same extent as infected cells, but hardly expressed in first-generation adenovirus vector (Axlwl) infected cells without the CAG promoter.
- the IVa2 gene was expressed to the same extent in all four adenovirus vector-infected cells, and no induction of expression by the CAG promoter was observed.
- the expression of the IVa2 gene was reduced only in Axlwl-infected cells, and induction of expression by the CAG promoter was observed.
- protein IX gene expression was the same in both cell lines, with ⁇ 2 ⁇ -CAHGH, AxlCAHGH, and AxCAwt-infected cells expressing protein IX gene at about the same level, but almost no Axlwl-infected cells. . That is, the induction of expression of the protein IX gene by the CAG promoter was clearly observed. From the above results, it was shown that the adenovirus gene clearly induced to be expressed by the CAG promoter is mainly the protein IX gene. Therefore, that the expression of the protein IX gene is causing inflammation when the first generation adenoviral vector was administered in v i V0 it was strongly suggested.
- the above results also revealed that the expression of protein IVa2 gene and L1 gene is induced by the CAG promoter in some types of cells. Since the protein IVa2 gene has an independent promoter, it can be easily inferred that it is directly activated by the CAG promoter. However, since the L1 gene is one of the major late genes and is controlled by MLP, which is a common promoter with other late genes such as the L3 and L5 genes, only the L1 gene is induced by the CAG promoter. It is hard to guess. However, the L2 to L5 genes are expressed only late in infection. Since the L1 gene is known to be expressed early in infection (Shaw AR et. Al., Cell, Vol. 22, 905-916.
- the reason that only the LI gene is induced to be expressed by the CAG promoter may be based on the difference in the gene expression mechanism between the early and late stages. Furthermore, it has been reported that both protein ⁇ IX and protein IVa2 have an activity to activate MLP (Lutz P. et. Al., J. Virol., Vol. 71, 5102-5109. (1997) , Tribouley C. et. Al., J. Virol., Vol. 68, 4450-4457. (1994)), the CAG promoter does not activate MLP directly but indirectly via protein IX or protein IVa2. There is a possibility that MLP is activated.
- CAG promoter The induction of expression of these protein IVa2 gene and L1 gene by CAG promoter is weaker than that of protein IX gene, but induces inflammation by acting in addition to protein IX. It is considered possible.
- the CAG promoter is composed of the IE enhancer of CMV, the chicken J3-actin promoter, the heron] 3-globin splice acceptor and the polyA sequence.
- the CAG promoter was inserted into the deletion site (1.3-9.2 mu) of the E1 gene in the left direction (in the opposite direction to the transcription direction of E1) and transcribed in the right direction.
- the insertion direction of the promoter is opposite to that of the protein IX gene (9.7-11.2 mu) to be inserted. Therefore, it was considered that the inducer of the protein IX gene is not the [3-actin promoter] but a CMV IE enhancer. Therefore, the CAG promoter is used as an adenovirus vector (AdCMVlacZ) into which the CMV promoter that is common to only the IE enhancer of CMV is inserted. The expression of the protein IX gene was examined.
- the first-generation adenovirus vector causes inflammation due to the induction of adenovirus gene expression by CMV enhancer.
- a new mechanism has been discovered by the inventors.
- Promoters containing CMV enhancers are used in many adenovirus vectors currently undergoing clinical trials due to their high promoter activity.
- An example of a vector using the CMV promoter itself is an adenovirus vector expressing the tumor suppressor gene ⁇ 53 (Clayman GL et.al., J. Clin.Oncol., Vol. 16, 2221-2232. 1998), and Swisher SG et. Al., J. Natl. Cancer Inst., Vol. 91, 763-771. (1999)), an interleukin-2 expressing adenovirus vector (Stewart AK et. Al., Gene Ther , Vol. 6, 350-363.
- vascular endothelial growth factor VEGF121-expressing adenowinores vector Rosengart TK et. Al., Circulation, Vol. 100, 468-474. (1999)
- vascular endothelial growth factor VEGF121-expressing adenowinores vector Rosengart TK et. Al., Circulation, Vol. 100, 468-474. (1999)
- an adenovirus vector using a hybrid promoter containing the CMV IE enhancer an adenovirus vector expressing the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulatory protein (CFTR) (Knowles MR et. Al., ⁇ . Engl. J. Med., Vol. 333, 823-831. (1995), and Zuckerman JB et. Al., Hum. Gene Ther., Vol. 10, 2973-2985. 1999))).
- CFTR cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulatory protein
- the inventors' discovery that the exogenous promoter induces the expression of adenovirus genes and causes inflammation is not simply a phenomenon limited to recombinant adenovirus vectors having a CAG promoter, but is actually used in clinical trials. This is a universal phenomenon that applies to many of the adenovirus vectors used. Therefore, based on such findings, the adenovirus vector improved so that the expression of the adenovirus gene is not induced by the foreign promoter can be expected to reduce inflammation upon administration and maintain the expression of the therapeutic gene. However, its practical value is very high.
- a foreign promoter drives the expression of an adenovirus gene may apply not only to CMV IE enhancers but also to adenovirus vectors having other viral promoters.
- examples of such a promoter include the RSV promoter, a promoter containing the SV40 early gene enhancer, or the SRa promoter.
- the range of the protein IX gene to be amplified includes not only the coding region of protein IX but also the 5 'and 3' untranslated regions of the protein IX gene.
- 5 'untranslated region is protein It is desirable to include the promoter region of the quality IX gene, for example, it is desirable to include at least the sequence from position 3525 onwards of the nucleotide sequence of adenovirus type 5, and it is more desirable to include the sequence from position 3213 onward. ,.
- the range of the 3 'untranslated region is not particularly limited as long as it includes the nucleotide sequence up to the stop codon of the protein IX gene, and even if the polyA sequence of another gene is added immediately after the stop codon.
- the original poly A sequence of the protein IX gene may be used.
- the base sequence of the PCR primer is not particularly limited as long as it can amplify the protein IX gene in the above-mentioned range, but it facilitates cloning of the DNA fragment containing the amplified protein IX gene into plasmid. It is desirable to include an appropriate restriction enzyme recognition sequence.
- the DNA fragment containing the protein IX gene amplified by PCR may be directly inserted into the desired position of the adenovirus genome.However, in order to confirm that no nucleotide sequence mutation has occurred during the PCR reaction, Should be cloned into an appropriate plasmid or the like, and its nucleotide sequence should be confirmed before use.
- the plasmid used for cloning the amplified fragment there is no particular limitation on the plasmid used for cloning the amplified fragment, and examples include plasmid pUC19.
- the site where the protein IX gene is rearranged includes a site between the L3 gene and the E2A gene, a site where the E3 gene is deleted, and a more preferable example.
- the method of relocation to the ITR is described in detail below.
- the protein IX gene was deleted from its original position (9.7 to 11.2 mu), and the upstream region of the E4 gene was deleted.
- the method for preparing a recombinant adenovirus vector shown below is based on the cosmid vector containing most of the adenovirus genome and the DNA obtained by digesting the terminal protein-adenovirus DNA complex (DNA-TPC) with restriction enzymes. 293 cells and other cells, and obtain the desired recombinant adenovirus by homologous recombination between the cosmid vector and the adenovirus DNA-TPC. (Miyake S. et. Al., Pro Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, Vol. 93, 1320-1324. (1996)) and patents (JP-A-7-298877).
- DNA-TPC terminal protein-adenovirus DNA complex
- the cosmid vector pAx4w contains 2.6-98.0 m.u of the adenovirus type 5 genome (E3 gene deleted) and 98.0-100 mu of the adenovirus type 2 genome, and has a promoter of the E4 gene.
- a vector having a restriction enzyme Swal site, which is a cloning site, between the upstream region of E. coli and the 3 side ITR (99.3 mu) (Miyake S. et. AL, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., Vol. 93, 1320-1324. (1996), pAx4w is referred to as pAdex4w in the literature).
- the Swal site of the PAx4w insert the protein IX gene prepared by PCR method or the like described above, to obtain the old ink stick de vector ⁇ ⁇ 4 ⁇ .
- the recombinant adenovirus vector Adex4SRLacZL is derived from adenovirus type 5 (deleting the E1A, E1B, and E3 genes) and has the E. coli lacZ gene expression unit inserted at the same 99.3 mu position as pAx4w. It is a non-propagating adenovirus vector.
- Adenovirus genomic DNA prepared from this Adex4SRLacZL was transformed with cosmid vector pAx4pIX by transforming 293 cells with DNA-TPC digested with restriction enzymes Asel and EcoRI, which have multiple recognition sites in the right half of the genome.
- a recombinant adenovirus Ax4pIX in which the expression unit of Escherichia coli lacZ gene of Adex4SRLacZL is replaced with protein IX gene can be obtained.
- Ax4pIX is a recombinant adenovirus having the protein IX gene at the original position of the protein IX gene and at two places between the upstream region of the E4 gene and the 3 'ITR.
- the range of the base sequence to be deleted at the original position of the protein IX gene is described. Will be described. Protein IX gene is transcribed to the right, but its 3 'untranslated region is partially transcribed to the left. The protein IX gene is deleted because it partially overlaps the 3' untranslated region of the IVa2 and E2B genes. The range must not affect the function of the IVa2 and E2B genes. Since the site of addition of polyA in the IVa2 gene and the E2B gene is the 4060th base in the case of adenovirus type 5, the deletion range must be to the left of this. As long as this condition is satisfied and protein IX is not expressed, there is no particular limitation on the range of the deletion.
- a vector containing the adenovirus genome lacking the range can be easily constructed from the cosmid vector pAxcw (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 8-308585, p. 15, pAdexlcw is the same as pAxcw).
- pAxcw is a cosmid vector containing most of the E1 gene-deleted ( ⁇ 454-3328) adenovirus type 5 genome.With pAxcw as the primary material, pAxcw cuts off the PvuII site to the AlwNI site by several steps.
- the cosmid vector pAxApIXcw containing the lost adenovirus genome can be obtained.
- pAxApIXcw is a vector in which the E1A, E1B and protein IX genes have been deleted ( ⁇ 454-4053), and a cloning site (Clal and Swal site) of a foreign gene has been inserted into the deletion site.
- Genomic DNA prepared from the recombinant adenovirus Ax4pIX described above was digested with a restriction enzyme EcoT22I having multiple recognition sites on the left side of the genome, and DNA-TPC was digested with the cosmid vector pAx ApIXcw described above to transform 293 cells. By the conversion, a recombinant adenovirus vector AxRpIXcw in which the desired protein K gene has been rearranged can be obtained.
- AxRpIXcw does not contain a foreign gene such as a promoter.
- AxRpIXcw genomic DNA is EcoT22I-digested DNA-TPC and cosmid vector pAx ApIXcw has a foreign gene inserted into the Swal site or Clal site.
- a protein IX rearranged adenovirus vector into which an arbitrary foreign gene has been inserted can be easily obtained.
- any foreign gene can be inserted by homologous recombination between DNA-TPC obtained by digesting Ax4pIX genomic DNA with EcoT22I and a cosmid vector in which a foreign gene has been inserted into the Swal site or Clal site of cosmid vector pAx ApIXcw. Protein IX rearranged adeno A viral vector can be obtained.
- the method for preparing the protein IX rearranged adenovirus vector has been described above using adenovirus type 5 as an example.However, the protein IX gene to be rearranged does not necessarily need to use a gene derived from the same serotype adenovirus.
- the protein IX genes of other serotypes may be used as long as the protein IX functions sufficiently in the above. Examples include vectors in which the type 2 protein IX gene is rearranged in the basic skeleton of adenovirus type 5, and conversely, vectors in which the type 5 protein IX gene is rearranged in the basic skeleton of adenovirus type 2. You.
- the range of the protein IX gene to be introduced into cells is not particularly limited as long as it includes the coding region of protein IX.
- a DNA fragment containing the coding region of protein IX can be excised from plasmid containing the gene by restriction enzyme digestion, or prepared by PCR.
- the promoter for expressing the protein IX is not particularly limited, and a promoter that functions constitutively in animal cells or an inducible promoter may be used. Alternatively, the original promoter of the protein IX gene may be used.
- a cell line that expresses protein IX can be obtained by transforming any cell with a plasmid or the like containing an expression unit of protein IX gene, and the cell used for producing the cell line is an adenovirus E1 gene. It is desirable that the cell be one that expresses Escherichia coli and that can efficiently produce a first-generation adenovirus vector lacking the E1 gene. Examples of such cells include 293 cells. Furthermore, in order to prevent the emergence of replication competent adenovirus (RCA), which has the ability to proliferate by homologous recombination between the vector genome and the cell genome, a cell line in which only the minimum necessary region of the E1 gene has been introduced.
- RCA replication competent adenovirus
- a desired cell line can also be obtained by first preparing a protein IX-expressing cell line from cells that do not express the E1 gene, and then transforming the cell line with the E1 gene. cell There is no particular limitation on the method of transformation and the method of selecting the target cell line, as long as the cell line can supply a sufficient amount of protein IX to the protein IX-deficient adenovirus vector.
- the range in which the protein IX gene is deleted does not affect the functions of the IVa2 gene and E2B gene, and it is sufficient if the protein IX is not expressed.
- the cosmid vector pAxApIXcw described above is a vector corresponding to the deletion of the adenovirus genome in the range.
- This pAxA pIXcw is transformed with the first-generation adenovirus vector, for example, DNA-TPC obtained by digesting AxCAwt or Axlwl genomic DNA with a restriction enzyme such as EcoT22I, to transform the aforementioned protein IX-expressing cell line.
- the desired protein IX deletion type adenovirus vector can be obtained.
- the protein IX-deficient adenovirus vector thus prepared ⁇ pIXcw does not contain a foreign gene such as a motor.
- a cosmid vector in which a foreign gene is inserted into the Swal site or Clal site of the cosmid vector pAx A pIXcw, and the genomic DNA of Ax A pIXcw such as EcoT22I By homologous recombination with DNA-TPC digested with the above restriction enzymes, a protein IX-deleted adenovirus vector into which a desired foreign gene has been inserted can be easily obtained.
- any first-generation adenovirus vector for example, DNA-TPC obtained by digesting AxCAwt or Axlwl genomic DNA with EcoT22I, and a cosmid vector in which a foreign gene is inserted into the Swal site or Clal site of cosmid vector pAx ⁇ pIXcw
- a protein IX-deleted adenovirus vector into which an arbitrary foreign gene has been inserted can be obtained.
- the method for producing the protein IX rearranged adenovirus vector and the protein IX deletion adenovirus vector has mainly been described by taking adenovirus type 5 as an example, but the present invention is not limited to adenovirus type 5, The present invention can be applied to any adenovirus vector having an adenovirus of other serotypes such as adenovirus type 2 as a basic skeleton.
- a pharmaceutical composition comprising the recombinant adenovirus vector of the present invention as an active ingredient, and a gene therapy method with reduced inflammation will be described.
- the recombinant adenovirus vector of the present invention obtained as described above is a highly safe vector with reduced inflammation when administered to humans, and is used as an active ingredient of a pharmaceutical composition for various diseases. Can be used for gene therapy.
- any of the iv vivo method and the ex vivo method can be appropriately selected and applied depending on the disease to be treated, the target organ, and the like.
- the in vivo method is a method in which a pharmaceutical composition for gene therapy is directly introduced into a patient's body
- the ex vivo method is a method in which certain cells are removed from a patient and the above-mentioned method is performed outside the body. In this method, a pharmaceutical composition is introduced into the cells, and then the cells are returned to the body.
- the administration route of the in vivo method is not particularly limited.
- the form of the preparation when administered by the in vivo method there is no limitation on the form of the preparation when administered by the in vivo method.
- the injection when used as an injection, can be prepared by a conventional method. That is, for example, the recombinant adenovirus vector of the present invention is aseptically dissolved in an appropriate solvent (buffer such as PBS, physiological saline, sterilized water, etc.) and then filled into a sterile container. Can be manufactured. If necessary, a conventional carrier may be added to the preparation.
- an appropriate solvent buffer such as PBS, physiological saline, sterilized water, etc.
- a conventional carrier may be added to the preparation.
- cells to be used are not limited, and cells suitable for the purpose such as leukocytes such as lymphocytes and various cancer cells derived from patients can be used.
- the dose of the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention to a patient can be appropriately adjusted depending on the disease to be treated, the age and weight of the patient, and the like.
- the recombinant adenovirus vector of the present invention 6 to ⁇ ) 1 (PFU), preferably about 8 to ⁇ 12 (PFU) is administered once, or continuously for several days, or about once a month. Is preferred.
- adenovirus vectors currently undergoing clinical trials include the tumor suppressor gene p53 expression vector, interleukin 2 expression vector, vascular endothelial growth factor VEGF121 expression vector, and cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulatory protein ( (CFTR) expression vectors and the like are known. These vectors can be used in place of the conventional adenovirus vector as a vector in which inflammation caused by using the conventional adenovirus vector is reduced.
- CFTR cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulatory protein
- the recombinant adenovirus vector of the present invention can be used not only as a pharmaceutical for human gene therapy, but also as a vector for introducing a gene into an animal individual.
- the method can be performed according to the above-described methods for gene therapy for humans such as the in vivo method and the ex vivo method.
- adenovirus vector of the present invention which is a vector in which inflammation is reduced
- the characteristics of the adenovirus vector of the present invention can be used for various purposes such as production of disease model animals, treatment models for human diseases, and functional analysis of arbitrary genes, even when used in animals. In this case, there is no need to consider the side reaction derived from the vector such as inflammation, and there is a great advantage that conventional adenovirus vectors do not have.
- the cosmid vector pAxCAwt (Kanegae Y. et.al., Nucleic acid Res., Vol. 23, 3816-3821 (1995)) and pAxcw (JP-A-8-308585, page 15, used in this example)
- pAdexlcw is identical to pAxcw
- pAxCAwt has a CAG promoter (Niwa H. et. Al., Gene, Vol. 108, 193-200 (1991) and Japanese Patent No. 2824434) introduced into the E1 gene deletion site, and a promoter.
- pAxcw is the E1 gene Only Clal and Swal sites are inserted at the offspring deletion site.
- Phage DNA was prepared from a human pituitary adenoma-derived cDNA library (CL0NTECH) and used as template DNA for PCR.
- the PCR primers were designed to add restriction enzyme recognition sites to both ends, the 5 'primer contained an initiation codon and a Nhel recognition site, and the 3' primer contained a stop codon and a Sphl recognition site. The sequence of each primer is shown below.
- PCR was carried out using polymerase pfu (Takara Shuzo) according to a conventional method to obtain an amplified fragment of about 700 bp containing the hGH cDNA.
- the amplified fragment was blunted with Klenow enzyme and inserted into the Hindi site of plasmid pUC19 to obtain plasmid pUCHGH (3.4 kb).
- the nucleotide sequence of the hGH cDNA portion of pUCHGH was decoded, and it was confirmed that the sequence was identical to the sequence described in the literature (Chen EY et. al. Genomics Vol. 4, 479-497. (1989)).
- pUCHGH was digested with Nhel and Bgll, and the ends were blunted to obtain a DNA fragment of about 0.7 kb containing the coding region of hGH cDNA. This DNA fragment was inserted into the Swal site between the promoter and the polyA sequence of the cosmid vector pAxCAwt to obtain the cosmid pAxlCAHGH.
- a plasmid containing the hGH expression unit was constructed from pAxlCAHGH, and the hGH protein was transiently transfected into C0S7 cells (monkey kidney-derived cell line).
- C0S7 cells monkey kidney-derived cell line
- C0S7 cells were transformed with PxlCAHGH by the DEAE-dextran method, and the hGH concentration in the culture supernatant after 2 days was measured by ELISA (Picoia TM HGH plate: Sumitomo Pharma).
- the hGH concentration in the culture supernatant of C0S7 cells into which plasmid was not introduced was below the detection limit, but the culture supernatant of C0S7 cells transformed with Px1 CAHGH contained more than 1 ng / ml hGH. was detected. From these results, it was confirmed that the expression unit of hGH was correctly incorporated in the cosmid pAxlCAHGH.
- the cosmid vector pAx2LD3LCAwt (pAdex2LD3LCAwt on page 19 of JP-A-8-308585, is the same as pAx2LD3LCAwt) is a derivative of the aforementioned cosmid vector pAxCAwt.
- pAx2LD3LCAwt is a cosmid in which the ⁇ sequence is inserted between the adenovirus 3 gene of pAxCAwt and the E2A gene (61.5 map units), and the deletion site of the E3 gene (78.0 map units), respectively.
- the base sequence other than the ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ insertion part is the same as pAxCAwt.
- the adenovirus vector Adex2LD3LCANLacZ (FIG. 1, page 21 of JP-A-8-308585) is a recombinant adenovirus in which two loxP sequences are inserted at the same position as the cosmid vector pAx2LD3LCAwt and expresses Escherichia coli J3-galactosidase. .
- adenovirus DNA-terminal protein complex was prepared from Adex2LD3LCANLacZ and then digested with EcoT22I. 293 cells were transformed with this DNA-terminal protein complex and the cosmid pAx2LD3LCAHGH to obtain a recombinant adenovirus Ax2LD3 having an hGH expression unit and two loxP sequences to obtain CAHGH (FIG. 1).
- This Ax2LD3LCAHGH has the same structure as the adenovirus vector AxlCAHGH prepared in Example 1 except for the loxP insertion site, and has the same structure as the adenovirus vector Adex2LD3LCANLacZ except for the expression unit.
- E2A-deficient adenovirus vector a recombinant adenovirus in which the E2A gene and the L4 gene sandwiched between two 1oxP sequences were deleted from the adenovirus vector Ax2LD3LCAHGH by the action of recombinase Cre. I got it.
- the adenovirus vector Ax2LD3LCAHGH and the recombinase Cre-expressing Adenouenores vector AxCANCre were subjected to ultracentrifugation.
- the virus was purified as described above, and the titer of each virus was measured by the limiting dilution method using 293 cells (see above).
- the cell suspension containing the culture supernatant was placed in a 50-ml centrifuge tube, and centrifuged at 2500 rpm (1130 xg) at 4 ° C for 5 minutes. The supernatant was discarded and the cell fraction was frozen and stored at -80 ° C. .
- the desired hGH-expressing E2A-deficient adenovirus vector ( ⁇ 2 ⁇ -CAHGH: 28.Ikb) is produced, but at the same time, Ax2LD3LCAHGH (34.4 kb) and AxCANCre (34.7 kb) is also present, and these three types of adenovirus are mixed (the genome size in parentheses is the size of each virus). Therefore, to isolate ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 2 ⁇ -CAHGH based on the difference in the specific gravity of the virus, the E2A-deficient adenovirus was purified by the following cesium chloride (CsCl) density gradient ultracentrifugation method. All CsCl solutions used for purification were prepared in 50 mM H-labeled es buffer (pH 7.4), and all centrifugation and ultracentrifugation were performed at 4 ° C.
- CsCl cesium chloride
- Ax2LD3LCAHGH (34.4 kb) and AxCANCre (34.7 kb) have almost the same genome size, so the virus specific gravity is almost the same, and the virus band after ultracentrifugation overlapped, but ⁇ 2 ⁇ -CAHGH (28.lkb) Because of the lower specific gravity of both viruses, ultracentrifugation produced a band at the top of the tube. A hole was made in the side of the ultracentrifuge tube with a syringe needle, and the AE2A-CAHGH band was collected.
- the virus was dialyzed once against PBS (-) containing 10% glycerol to obtain a final purified product of ⁇ 2 ⁇ -CAHGH.
- the dialyzed virus was stored frozen at -80 ° C after dispensing.
- the titer cannot be measured by a normal method using growth in 293 cells as an index, such as the first-generation adenovirus vector (deleting the E1 gene). Therefore, the relative strength of A E2A_CAHGH is determined by comparing the amount of hGH produced by the hGH-expressing first-generation adenovirus vector AxlCAHGH with a known titer and ⁇ E2A-CAHGH using the amount of reporter gene hGH produced as an index. The titer (infectious titer) was determined.
- test adenovirus vector was serially diluted with 2% FCS-containing DMEM medium, and 50 ⁇ l of the diluted adenovirus was cultured in a 96-well microplate. ⁇ 549 cells (human lung cancer-derived cell line) Infected. Next, the virus solution was removed, and the cells were washed once with the medium, added with 100% DMEM medium containing 2% FCS, and cultured for 2 days. After culturing, determine the amount of hGH in the supernatant.
- the titer is known AxlCAHGH (Lot. B, titer 3 ⁇ 0 ⁇ 10 1 0 PFU / ml) as a control ⁇ -virus, it was measured infectious titer of AE2A-CAHGH (Lot. 3) .
- the dilution ratio of each virus at the time of infection was 30,000, 90,000, 270,000-fold, and the hGH production two days later was compared.
- the E2A-deficient adenovirus vector is purified by ultracentrifugation, but is slightly contaminated with first-generation adenovirus vectors (Ax2LD3LCAHGH and AxCANCre) that could not be removed during purification. Since these contaminated first-generation adenovirus vectors can grow in 293 cells, the titer measured by the normal method (limited dilution method) using 293 cells is the same as that of the contaminated first-generation adenovirus. Reflects the amount of vector. Thus, in order to determine the purity of ⁇ 2 ⁇ -CAHGH (Lot. 3), the titer was measured by the limiting dilution method using 293 cells.
- ⁇ ⁇ 2 ⁇ - CAHGH titer of (Lot. 3) is 7. 8 x 10 8 PFU / ml
- at AxlCAHGH titer of (Lot. B) is 4. 4 x 10 1 0 PFU / ml, the ratio is 1. 8%.
- A549 cells (approximately 1.5 x 10 5 cells) confluent with collagen-coated 8-well culture slides (BECKTON DIKINS0N, # 40630) contain 5% FCS to give moi 100 or moi 10
- Virus solution 100 containing AE2A_CAHGH or AxlCAHGH diluted in DMEM medium was added, and the cells were infected at 37 ° C for 1 hour. After infection, the virus solution was removed, and 0.3 ml of DMEM medium containing 5% FCS was added, followed by culturing for 2 days.
- hGH-expressing E2A-deficient adenovirus vector ( ⁇ (2 ⁇ -CAHGH) or hGH-expressing first-generation adenovirus vector (AxlCAHGH) was administered to mice, and blood GPT (glutamate-pyruvate-transaminase) levels were measured.
- the inflammation-inducing effects of both adenovirus vectors were compared with each other as an index. The method and results are shown below.
- mice C57BL / 6 mice (7 weeks old, female) were used as mice.
- adenovirus vector AE2A-CAHGH (Lot. 3) or AxlCAHGH (Lot. C) was used.
- the dose of adenovirus vector was 1 ⁇ 10 J PFU, 3 ⁇ 10 8 PFU or 1 ⁇ 10 8 PFU (5 mice per group).
- 0.2 ml of adenovirus vector diluted with saline was added to each mouse. Administration was via the tail vein. 3 days before administration of the adenovirus vector and 3, 5, 7, 10, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49, 56, and 63 days after administration: Heparin treatment under ether anesthesia From the orbital vein using a matcrit tube Partial blood was collected.
- the mean serum GPT measured daily is shown in FIG.
- the hGH concentration of the serum was also measured 3 days and 5 days after the administration of the adenovirus vector.
- the serum GPT value was measured.
- the serum GPT level increased according to the dose of the adenovirus vector, and there was no difference from the mice administered the first-generation adenovirus vector AxlCAHGH. From this result, adenovirus
- UV-inactivated adenovirus particles were prepared by the following procedure.
- Example 2 hGH-expressing adenovirus vector purified by the method described in (2)
- AxlCAHGH (3. 0 x 10 1 0 PFU / ml, 1. 4 x 10 1 "particles / ml) in 1. 8 ml, was added 33 mg / ml concentration of 8- methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) 18 ⁇ ⁇ (The final concentration of 8-MOP was 330 ⁇ g / ml), and 0.6 ml of each was dispensed into three 35-cm diameter tissue culture dishes (Sumitomo Bakelite, model number MS-10350).
- UV irradiation was performed for 1 hour (UV intensity about 1.8 mW) while changing the position of the petri dish every 10 minutes.
- the virus solution was collected from the petri dish to remove 8-M0P.
- Dialysis was performed with PBS (-) containing 10% glycerol Finally, about 1.7 ml of virus solution with a particle concentration of 1.1 x 10 1 particles / ml was collected and frozen at -80 ° C. saved.
- the inactivation of the adenovirus vector by the above treatment was confirmed by two methods: hGH production and titer measurement.
- the amount of hGH production was measured by the method described in Example 2- (4). However, the difference was that the hGH concentration one day after infection with the adenovirus vector was measured.
- hGH production amount when the adenoviral vector AxlCAHGH before UV inactivation treatment were infected with 1 X 10 "particles / ml is infected with about 0.
- the adenovirus vector subjected to the above-mentioned inactivation treatment produced 0.4 ng / ral hGH even when infected with 1 ⁇ 10 10 particles / ml. Therefore, when calculated from the amount of hGH production, it was confirmed that the infectivity of the adenovirus vector was reduced to 1/10 "by the inactivation treatment. In addition, the titer was measured in the usual manner using 293 cells.
- the virus titer before the inactivation treatment was about 3 ⁇ 10 1 O pFU / ml, but the titer after the inactivation treatment was less than 2 ⁇ 10 3 PFU / ml, and the virus titer was 10 7 minutes. It had dropped to 1 or less.
- Example 3 administration of the E2A-deficient adenovirus vector to mice did not result in a decrease in serum GPT levels compared to administration of the first-generation adenovirus vector (AxlCAHGH). showed that. There are four possible interpretations of the results. 1 E2A gene expression is not involved in inflammation.
- the hGH protein used as the reporter becomes an antigen of cell-mediated immunity and inflammation occurs.
- adenoviruses of various structures were administered to mice, and the cause of inflammation when the first-generation adenovirus vector was administered was examined using serum GPT as an indicator of inflammation.
- the adenovirus vector used, the experimental method and the results are shown below.
- the adenovirus vectors used are shown below. All are first generation adenovirus vectors.
- Adenovirus vector without foreign gene inserted such as promoter (only the restriction enzyme Swal site is inserted): Axlwl (Fig. 1, Miyake S. et. Al., Pro Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, Vol. 93) , 1320-1324. (1996), which is referred to as Adexlw in this document)
- the vector dose was 1 ⁇ 10 9 PFU, 3 ⁇ 10 8 PFU, 1 ⁇ 10 8 PFU or 3 ⁇ 10 7 PFU (5 animals per group).
- the dose of UV-inactivated particles was not determined in terms of PFU, so that the dose was adjusted to be the same as AxlCAHGH in terms of the number of particles.
- Blood collection was performed 3 days before vector administration, 3, 5, 7, 10 (or 11), 14, 21, and 28 days after administration.
- the experiment was performed in two parts. The first time, AxlCAHGH and AxCAwt were compared ( Figure 3, top). For the second time, AxlCAHGH, Axlwl and UV-inactivated particles were compared ( Figure 3, bottom). In both experiments, a group to which only the physiological saline used for dilution of the vector was administered was set as a negative control. In FIG. 3, the data of the physiological saline administration group show only the results of the first experiment, but the results of the second experiment were similar.
- AxCAwt and Axlwl are only the presence or absence of the CAG promoter and polyA sequence, indicating that the cause of the increase in serum GPT level, ie, the cause of inflammation, is mainly due to the CAG promoter.
- adenovirus vectors used in cell lines (A549 Cells or HepG2 cells) and expressed adenovirus genes were analyzed by Northern blot.
- the adenovirus vectors used in the study were the first-generation adenovirus vector having a CAG promoter (AxlCAHGH, AxCAwt), the first-generation vector without an exogenous promoter (Axlwl) and CAG This is an E2A-deficient adenovirus vector having a promoter (A E2A-CAHGH).
- the target adenovirus gene that is, the gene whose expression is induced by the CAG promoter, is an adenovirus that is expressed to the same extent in three types of vector-infected cells, AxlCAHGH, AxCAwt, and ⁇ 2 ⁇ -CAHGH, but hardly expressed in Axlwl-infected cells. Is a gene. The method and the results are shown below.
- A549 cells human lung cancer-derived cell line
- HepG2 cells human liver cancer-derived cell line
- FCS-containing DMEM 5% FCS-containing DMEM.
- 0.3 ml of each adenovirus vector diluted with the medium was added, and the cells were infected for 1 hour (moi 100). After infection, the virus solution was removed, and 5 ml of DMEM medium containing 5% FCS was added and cultured for 24 hours. Twenty-four hours later, the medium was removed and the cells were washed twice with PBS (-), and RNA was prepared from each virus-infected cell using IS0GEN (Futtsu Gene) according to the instruction manual.
- IS0GEN Fluttsu Gene
- Probe used for Northern blot a DNA amplified by PCR old ink stick de vector pAxcw the (supra) as a template, using a BcaBEST TM Label ing Kit (Takara Shuzo) - and [ ⁇ 3 2 P] dCTP-labeled.
- the sequences of the primers used for PCR are shown below.
- L1 5 'primer 5'-ACTGCGGCTAATGGTGACTGAGACA-3' (12, 818-12, 842 / sequence 3) 3 'primer 5'-CGGCCGCGCGATGCAAGTAGTCCAT-3' (13, 440-13, 416 / sequence 4)
- L2 5 ' Primer 5 '-AGCGGCGCGGAAGAGAACTCCAACG-3' (15, 098-15, 122 / sequence 5) 3 'primer 5' -ATGCCCAGGGCCTTGTAAACGTAGG-3 '(15, 834-15, 810 / sequence 6)
- L3 5' primer 5 '- GGGCTCCAGTGAGCAGGAACTGAAA-3 '(21, 735-21, 759 / sequence 7) 3' primer 5 '-CTGCGCACTGTGGCTGCGGAAGTAG-3' (22, 305-22, 281 / sequence 8)
- L5 5 '-GACCCCTCACAGTGTCAGAAGGAAA-3' (31, 4
- RNA was subjected to 1% agarose gel electrophoresis, blotting was performed on nylon finoletters (Hybond- NT , Amersham) by the capillary transfer method, and UV cross-linking was performed. After confirming the position of the stained 28S and 18S of the RNA to the filter at 0.02% methylene blue solution, buffer A (0. 5M Na 2 HP0 4 (pH7. 2) / 7% SDS / lmM EDTA) and 50 ml was added Prehybridization was performed at 65 ° C for 2 hours. Then, while handling buffer A 50ml containing 3 2 P-labeled probe 12.
- Examples of Northern plot results are shown in FIGS. 4A to 4C, and a summary of the results is shown in Table 1.
- MLP adenovirus major late promoter
- MLP adenovirus major late promoter
- the expression of the E2A gene was naturally decreased in ⁇ 2 ⁇ -CAHGH-infected cells, but there was no difference between Axlwl-infected cells and AxCAwt-infected cells, and expression was similar in both virus-infected cells.
- the expression of the E4 gene did not differ among all the vector-infected cells, and was expressed to the same extent in all virus-infected cells (data not shown). Therefore, the expression is not induced by the CAG promoter for both E2A and E4 genes. It became clear.
- the expression of the IVa2 gene was similar in HepG2 cells between Axlwl-infected and AxCAwt-infected cells, with no difference. On the other hand, in A549 cells, the expression of the IVa2 gene was reduced only in Axlwl-infected cells (FIG. 4B).
- the expression of the L1 gene one of the late genes governed by MLP, also had a similar tendency to that of the IVa2 gene, with different results between H-marked G2 cells and A549 cells (see Table 1).
- protein IX gene is delayed-early gene that is not also subject to MLP the IVa2 gene (hereinafter, pIX gene) expression was the same result both A549 and the He P G2 cells. That is, in the AE2A-CAHGH-infected cells, the expression of the pIX gene did not decrease, but only in the Axlwl-infected cells, the expression was clearly reduced (FIG. 4C).
- both A549 cells and H-marked G2 cell lines showed the same expression pattern as the changes in serum GPT level, that is, AxCAwt, AxlCAHGH, and AE2A_CAHGH infected cells were almost the same and infected with Axlwl
- the only gene whose expression was reduced in cells was the pIX gene. This indicated that the pIX gene was the one whose expression was induced by the CAG promoter and caused inflammation.
- the recombinant adenovirus into which the CMV promoter was inserted was the recombinant adenovirus AdCMVlacZ (Osada S. et.al., idney) in which the CMV promoter and the E. coli lacZ gene were inserted rightward into the E1 deletion site of adenovirus type 5. Int., Vol. 55, 1234-1240. (1999)) was used.
- AdCMVlacZ Oxada S. et.al., idney
- AxCAwt shown in Example 6 was used as a control virus into which the CAG promoter was inserted.
- A549 cells were infected with AdCMVlacZ or AxCAwt in the same manner as described in Example 6, and RNA was recovered 24 hours later.
- the moi at the time of infection was moi 6 or moi 2 for AdCMVlacZ, and moi 300 or moi 100 for AxCAwt.
- Northern blot was performed using the pIX probe described in Example 6.
- Fig. 5 shows the results.
- Cells infected with AdCMVlacZ at moi 6 expressed pIX genes equal to or greater than cells infected with AxCAwt at moi 100. Because the moi of the two viruses are different and the insertion direction of the promoter is different and the distance from the promoter to the pIX gene is different, it is not possible to compare the degree of CAG promoter and CMV promoter expression induction of the pIX gene. However, since the CMV promoter-inserted AdCMVlacZ-infected cells expressed the pIX gene even at a lower moi, it was clearly shown that the CMV promoter also induced the pIX gene expression.
- Example 8 shows the results.
- the exogenous promoter used in the study was the SRa promoter (Takebe Y. et. Al., Moi. Cell. Biol. Vol. 8, 466-472. (1988)) and the EF-la promoter (Kim DW et. al., Gene, Vol. 91, 217-223 ⁇ (1990)), the promoters and the E. coli lacZ gene were inserted to the left. Denovirus vectors (AxSRLacZ-Ashi and AxEFLacZ-L) were used.
- an adenovirus vector AxCAwt into which only the CAG promoter was inserted (see Example 5) and an adenovirus vector (AxCALacZ-) into which the CAG promoter and the E. coli lacZ gene were inserted leftward were used.
- Methods for producing AxSRLacZ-AxEFLacZ-L and AxCALacZ-L are disclosed by Saito et al. (JP-A-7-298877), and AdexlSRLacZ-AxSRLacZ-L and AdexlEFLacZ-L in the material are AxEF AcZ_L and AdexlCALacZ-L are the same as AxCALacZ-shi, respectively.
- Example 5 As a negative control, an adenovirus vector Axlwl into which no foreign promoter was inserted (see Example 5) was used. Furthermore, the adenovirus vector having the CMV promoter (AdCMVlacZ) used in Example 7 was examined again.
- A549 cells were infected with the six adenowinores vectors (AxSRLacZ-L, AxEFLacZ-, AxCALacZ-, and AdCMVlacZlacAxCAwt, Axlwl) with moi 30 or moi 100, RNA was collected 24 hours later, and the pIX probe was collected. A Northern plot was performed using the method (see Example 6 for details of the method).
- Fig. 6 shows the results.
- the pIX gene is also clearly expressed, and the expression level is as a positive control.
- the cells infected with the adenovirus vector having the CAG promoter (AxCALacZ-L and AxCAwt) was equal to or better than
- the expression of the pIX gene by the foreign promoter is specific to the promoter, and there is a foreign promoter that does not induce the expression of the pIX gene at all, such as the EF-la promoter. Furthermore, since the common part of the structure between the CAG promoter and the CMV promoter is only the CMV IE enhancer, it was shown that the expression of the pIX gene is mainly induced by the CMV IE enhancer.
- Example 9 Examination of inflammation-inducing ability of adenovirus vectors having different promoters
- Adenovirus vectors were administered 1 ⁇ 10 9 PFU (other than AdCMVlacZ), 3 ⁇ 10 8 PFU, 1 ⁇ 10 8 PFU in the tail vein (5 animals per group), 3 days before administration, and 3, 5, 7, 10, Blood was collected 14, 21, 28 and 35 days later and GPT values were measured.
- the details of each method conformed to the method described in Example 3.
- Fig. 7 shows the results.
- the mice administered with AdCMVlacZ having the CMV promoter had higher serum GPT levels than the mice administered with AxCALacZ-L having the CAG promoter, and the degree of inflammation was correlated with the expression level of the pIX gene shown in Example 8.
- the serum GPT level hardly increased, and was at the same level as the Axlwl-administered mouse in which the exogenous promoter was not inserted.
- the following procedure was performed to clone the coding region of the pIX gene of human adenovirus type 5 (Ad5) by PCR.
- a PCR reaction was performed using the cosmid vector pAxcw described above as a template and primers having the following sequences.
- the 5 'primer has the nucleotide sequence at positions 3585-3605 of Ad5 and the EcoRI recognition site, and the 3' primer has the nucleotide sequence at positions 4034-4015 of Ad5 and the Xhol recognition site. Designed.
- a PCR reaction was performed using Pfx DNA polymerase (GIBCO BRL) to amplify a 470 bp DNA fragment containing the coding region of the pIX gene.
- the commercial expression plasmid vector pcDNA3.1 (+) (Invitrogen) has a multicloning site downstream of the CMV promoter. Therefore, the 470 bp DNA fragment amplified by PCR was simultaneously digested with EcoRI and Xhol, inserted between the EcoRI site and the Xhol site in the multicloning site of pcDNA3.1 (+), and the pIX expression plasmid pCMV- IX (5.9 kb) was obtained.
- the nucleotide sequence of the pCMV-IX including the coding region of the pIX gene was decoded, and it was confirmed that the sequence was not different from the existing sequence (Genebank: Accession No. M73260).
- GST-pIX fusion protein of pIX and daltathione S-transferase
- the plasmid pCMV-IX was simultaneously digested with EcoRI and XhoI to obtain a 470 bp DNA fragment containing the pIX gene.
- the commercially available GST fusion protein Escherichia coli expression plasmid vector pGEX-5X-1 (Amersham Pharmacia Biotech) has a multiple cloning site on the C-terminal side of GST. Therefore, a 470 bp DNA fragment obtained from pCMV_IX was inserted between the EcoR I site and the Xho I site in the pGEX-5X-1 multicloning site, and the GST-pIX expression plasmid pGST-IX (5 4 kb).
- E. coli strain JM109 was transformed with plasmid pGST-IX. Since GST-pIX expressed in the transformant was insoluble, GST-pIX was purified according to the method for purifying inclusion body proteins. First, the transformed Escherichia coli was cultured overnight at 37 ° C in 40 ml of LB medium, 800 ml of LB medium was added, and the cells were further cultured for 1 hour, and then IPTG (isopropyl-l-thio-j3-D-galactoside) was added to the mixture (final concentration: 0.2 mM) and cultured for 6 hours, and the cells were collected.
- IPTG isopropyl-l-thio-j3-D-galactoside
- lysis buffer containing lysozyme (lmg / ml) buffer Suspended in 20 ml of 50 mM Tris-HCl (pH 8.0) / lmM EDTA / 100 mM NaCl), incubated at room temperature for 20 minutes, added lml of lysis buffer containing 10% sodium deoxycholate, and lysed. . Next, add 100 ⁇ l of 1 M MgCl 2 solution, 100 ⁇ l of 1 M MnCl 2 solution and 201 of DNasel (70 U / ⁇ 1) solution, incubate at 37 ° C for 15 minutes, and centrifuge for 15 minutes (11, 850 X g).
- the purified GST-pIX was used to immunize Egret (Japanese white species) while containing 6M guanidine hydrochloride.
- FIG. 8 shows the results of Western blotting using antiserum # 1 as an example among the two types of antisera.
- antiserum # 1 As an example among the two types of antisera.
- a band of approximately 14 kDa corresponding to the molecular weight of pIX was clearly detected in the lane to which Ad5-dlX-infected cells and purified virus particles were applied. This band was not detected in the lane to which untreated A549 cells were applied.
- this 14 kDa band was not detected at all in any lane. Data are not shown, but the # 2 antiserum had similar results. From the above results, it was confirmed that the 14 kDa band detected in these antisera was derived from pIX. Therefore, these antisera were used as anti-pIX antibodies in subsequent experiments.
- A549 cells are infected with the adenovirus vector AxCAwt (see Example 5) into which only the CAG promoter has been inserted or the adenovirus vector Axlwl (see Example 5) into which no foreign promoter has been inserted, and the cells are recovered approximately one day later. did.
- A549 cells infected with Ad5-dlX at moi 10 and collected about one day later were used.
- Western blotting was performed in the same manner as described in (3) above, and pIX was detected with an anti-pIX antibody ().
- 14 kDa pIX was detected in AxCAwt-infected cells, as in Ad5-dlX-infected cells.
- this 14 kDa band was not observed at all in Axlwl infected cells. This confirmed that the expression of pIX was induced by the CAG promoter even at the protein level.
- Adenovirus vectors in which the pIX gene has been rearranged include the following (1) to (3) It was prepared according to the procedure.
- PCR was performed using the cosmid vector pAxcw (described above) containing most of the adenovirus type 5 genome other than the E1 gene and E3 gene as a template and primers having the following sequences. A restriction enzyme recognition site was added to each primer.
- a DNA fragment of about 0.6 kb containing the pIX gene amplified by PCR was simultaneously digested with EcoRI and BamHI, inserted between the EcoRI site and the BamHI site in the multicloning site of the commercially available plasmid pUC19, and inserted into the plasmid pUCfpIX. (3.3 kb) was obtained.
- the base sequence of the insert part containing the pIX gene of pUCfpIX was decoded, and it was confirmed that the sequence was not different from the existing sequence (Genebank: Accession No. M73260).
- the cosmid vector pAx4w contains 2.6-98.0 m.u of the adenovirus type 5 genome (E3 gene deleted) and 98.0-100 mu of the adenovirus type 2 genome, and contains the E4 gene.
- This vector has a restriction enzyme Swal site, a cloning site, between the upstream region of the promoter and the 3 'ITR (99.3 mu) (Miyake S. et. Al, Pro Natl. Acad. Sci., Vol. 93, 1320-1324.
- pAx4w is described as pAdex4w in the literature.
- the plasmid pUCfpIX was digested with Rsal to obtain a DNA fragment of about 0.6 kp containing the pIX gene. This 0.6 kb DNA fragment was inserted into the Swal site of the cosmid vector pAx4w to obtain cosmids pAx4pIXL and pAx4pIXR.
- pAx4pIXL is a vector into which the pIX gene is inserted leftward
- pAx4pIXR is a vector into which the ⁇ gene is inserted rightward.
- the pIX gene was located between the upstream region of the ⁇ 4 gene and the 3 'ITR by the C0S / TPC method.
- the following operations were performed to produce the inserted recombinant adenovirus.
- the recombinant adenovirus vector Adex4SRLacZL (see Miyake S. et. Al., Pro Natl. Acad. Sci., Vol. 93, 1320-1324. (1996) and FIG. 10) was derived from adenovirus type 5 (E1A And the E3 gene are deleted), and the expression unit of the E. coli lacZ gene is inserted at the same 99.3 mu position as pAx4w in the left direction.
- DNA-TPC An adenovirus DNA-terminal protein complex (DNA-TPC) was prepared from Adex4SRLacZL, and this DNA-TPC was simultaneously digested with restriction enzymes Asel and EcoRI.
- Adex4SRLacZL genomic DNA has multiple Asel sites and EcoRI sites in the right half of the genome containing the lacZ gene expression unit.By digesting Adex4SRLacZL DNA-TPC with both restriction enzymes, the right half of the genome A digested DNA-TPC is obtained. And the restriction enzyme digestion DNA-TPC, was transformed 293 cells with the old ink stick de P Ax4pIX or PAx4pIXR.
- the target virus clone was identified by digesting the genomic DNA of the resulting recombinant adenovirus with the restriction enzymes BspEI and Pmll, and the recombinant adenovirus Ax4pIXL or Ax4pIXR (Adex4SRLacZL) in which the expression unit of the E. coli lacZ gene was replaced by the pIX gene was used.
- Figure 10 was obtained.
- Ax4pIXL and Ax4pIXR are recombinant adenoviruses that have the pIX gene at its native position (9.7-11.2 mu) and at a location between the upstream region of the E4 gene and the 3 'ITR .
- Ax4pIXL and Ax4pIXR differ only in the insertion direction of the pIX gene between the E4 gene and the ITR.
- Ax4pIXL is a recombinant adenovirus in which the pIX gene is inserted to the left
- Ax4pIXR is a recombinant adenovirus in which the pIX gene is inserted to the right. is there.
- the following procedure was performed to prepare a plasmid containing 17% of the left end of the adenovirus type 5 genome containing the pIX gene.
- the aforementioned cosmid vector pAxcw (FIG. 11) is a vector containing most of the adenovirus type 5 genome except for the E1 gene ( ⁇ 454-3328) and the E3 gene ( ⁇ 28592-30470).
- pAxcw was digested with Hindlll and EcoRV, then blunted with Klenow enzyme and self-ligated to obtain plasmid pAxl7cw (6.5 kb: FIG. 11).
- pAxl7cw is a plasmid containing about 17% (1-453, 3329-6241) of the adenovirus type 5 excluding the E1 gene.
- the following three types of DNA fragments were prepared.
- the three fragments (a), (b) and (c) were ligated to obtain a plasmid pAxl7 ApIXcw (5.8 kb: FIG. 11) in which the E1A, E1B and pIX genes were deleted ( ⁇ 454-4053).
- cosmid vector in which an expression unit of human growth hormone (hGH) was inserted into the E1A, E1B, and pIX gene deletion sites of the cosmid vector pAx ApIXcw.
- a cosmid pAxlCAHGH (Example 1) having an hGH expression unit with an hGH cDNA linked downstream of the CAG promoter was digested with the restriction enzyme Pmel to obtain a DNA fragment of about 3. Okb containing the hGH expression unit.
- This DNA fragment was inserted into the Swal site of the cosmid vector pAx ApIXcw to obtain the cosmid pAx ApIXCAHGH (44.8 kb: FIG. 11).
- Adenovirus DNA-TPC was prepared from Ax4pIXL and Ax4pIXR, and each DNA-TPC was then digested with the restriction enzyme EcoT22I. Since there are multiple EcoT22I sites in the left half of the genomic DNA of Ax4pIXL and Ax4pIXR, DNA-TPC in which the left half of the genome is digested can be obtained by EcoT22I digestion.
- 293 cells were transformed with EcoT22I-digested Ax4pIXR DNA-TPC and cosmid pAx ApIXCAHGH. Identify the target virus clone by subjecting the genomic DNA of the recombinant adenovirus that has appeared to restriction enzyme digestion (XhoI, Nrul, BspEI, etc.). As a result, the pIX gene did not exist at the original position (9.7-1.2 mu) of the pIX gene, and the pIX gene was rearranged between the upstream region of the E4 gene and the 3 'ITR. A pIX relocated adenovirus vector (AxRpIXRCAHGH, Fig. 10) is obtained.
- AxRpIXLCAHGH a pIX rearranged adenovirus vector (AxRpIXLCAHGH, FIG. 10) can be obtained.
- AxRpIXRCAHGH and AxRpIXLCAHGH differ only in the insertion direction of the pIX gene.
- AxRpIXRCAHGH is a recombinant adenovirus in which the pIX gene is inserted to the right and AxRpIXLCAHGH is the pIX gene inserted to the left.
- 293 cells were transformed to produce a pIX-expressing cell line for use in producing a pIX-deleted adenovirus vector.
- pCMV-IX contains a neomycin resistance gene 3 days after the transformation, the medium was replaced with a medium containing 600 g / ml of G418 sulfate (Geneticin: GIBCO BRL). The transformed cells were further cultured for 13 days, and then the cells were cloned. For any 10 clones among the G418-resistant cell lines, whether or not the pIX gene was expressed was examined by Northern blot.
- pIX was also confirmed at the protein level by the Western blot method described in Example 10- (3) using the cells at the 25th passage (FIG. 13).
- 293 cells infected with the adenovirus vector Axlwl into which no foreign promoter was inserted were used as a positive control. Even if Axlwl is infected to cells that do not express the adenovirus E1A and E1B genes, such as A549 cells, pIX hardly expresses at the RNA level (Fig. 4, Fig. 6) or the protein level (Fig. 9).
- Axlwl when used to infect 293 cells expressing the E1A and E1B genes, they will fit into the normal growth cycle of a first generation adenovirus vector lacking the E1 gene and will express sufficient amounts of pIX. From the results shown in FIG. 13, it was confirmed that, although slightly lower than the expression level of pIX in Axlwl-infected 293 cells, all four clones also expressed pIX at the protein level.
- Example 5 The homologous recombination between the adenovirus vector AxCAwt used in Example 5 and the pIX gene deletion cosmid vector pAx ApIXCAHGH shown in Example 10- (2) was performed to produce a pIX deletion type adenovirus vector. The following operations were performed.
- Adenovirus DNA-TPC was prepared from AxCAwt and then digested with EcoT22I. This Transform 293 cells or the pIX-expressing cell line shown in Example 12 with DNA-TPC and the cosmid vector pAx ApIXCAHGH. By digesting the genomic DNA of the resulting recombinant adenovirus with restriction enzymes (Clal, Nrul, Sail, etc.), the target virus clone is identified, and the pIX-deleted adenovirus vector Ax ApIXCAHGH (FIG. 10) is obtained.
- Ax ApIXCAHGH is a recombinant adenovirus derived from adenovirus type 5, which has deleted the E1A, E1B, and pIX genes ( ⁇ 454-4053) and also deleted the E3 gene ( ⁇ 28592-30470).
- a pIX-expressing cell line When a pIX-expressing cell line is transformed to obtain a pIX-deficient adenovirus vector, the pIX-expressing cell line is used for virus passage and large-scale preparation. On the other hand, when 293 cells are transformed to obtain a pIX-deleted adenovirus vector, a large amount of virus is prepared using a pIX-expressing cell line.
- the pIX deletion adenovirus vector is purified to prepare virus particles, and the virus particles are confirmed to contain a normal amount of pIX protein by Western blotting using an anti-pIX antibody.
- hGH-expressing pIX-deficient adenovirus vector Ax ApIXCAHGH (Example 13).
- hGH-expressing first-generation adenovirus vector AxlCAHGH (Example 5)
- mice to which AxlCAHGH was administered the serum GPT level was significantly increased as in Examples 3 and 5.
- serum GPW levels do not increase at all, as in mice treated with Axlwl.
- the above results indicate that the pIX rearranged adenovirus vector and the pIX deleted adenovirus vector hardly cause inflammation even when administered in vivo.
- the present invention it is possible to provide a highly safe adenovirus vector for gene therapy in which expression of viral proteins is suppressed and inflammation is reduced.
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AU58828/01A AU5882801A (en) | 2000-05-26 | 2001-05-24 | Novel recombinant adenovirus vector with relieved side effects |
JP2001586588A JP4744771B2 (ja) | 2000-05-26 | 2001-05-24 | 副作用を軽減した新規な組換えアデノウイルスベクター |
KR1020087023921A KR101250021B1 (ko) | 2000-05-26 | 2001-05-24 | 완화된 부작용을 갖는 신규 재조합 아데노바이러스 벡터 |
EP01932245A EP1284294A4 (en) | 2000-05-26 | 2001-05-24 | NOVEL RECOMBINANT ADENOVIRUS VECTOR WITH REDUCED SIDE EFFECTS |
US10/296,716 US7445929B2 (en) | 2000-05-26 | 2001-05-24 | Recombinant adenovirus vector having a reduced side effect |
US12/211,321 US20090104691A1 (en) | 2000-05-26 | 2008-09-16 | Novel recombinant adenovirus vector having a reduced side effect |
US13/152,766 US8591879B2 (en) | 2000-05-26 | 2011-06-03 | Recombinant adenovirus vector having a reduced side effect |
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WO2003104469A1 (ja) * | 2002-06-05 | 2003-12-18 | 扶桑薬品工業株式会社 | アデノウイルスベクター |
JP2013537426A (ja) * | 2010-08-16 | 2013-10-03 | ソーク インスティテュート フォー バイオロジカル スタディーズ | 抗がんアデノウイルス |
US11077156B2 (en) | 2013-03-14 | 2021-08-03 | Salk Institute For Biological Studies | Oncolytic adenovirus compositions |
US11130968B2 (en) | 2016-02-23 | 2021-09-28 | Salk Institute For Biological Studies | High throughput assay for measuring adenovirus replication kinetics |
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US11401529B2 (en) | 2016-02-23 | 2022-08-02 | Salk Institute For Biological Studies | Exogenous gene expression in recombinant adenovirus for minimal impact on viral kinetics |
US11813337B2 (en) | 2016-12-12 | 2023-11-14 | Salk Institute For Biological Studies | Tumor-targeting synthetic adenoviruses and uses thereof |
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WO2001090392A1 (fr) * | 2000-05-26 | 2001-11-29 | Sumitomo Pharmaceuticals Company, Limited | Nouveau vecteur d'adenovirus recombinant a effets secondaires reduits |
KR100808269B1 (ko) | 2006-07-18 | 2008-02-29 | 연세대학교 산학협력단 | Cag 프로모터를 포함하는 아데노바이러스용 재조합 셔틀벡터 |
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WO2003104469A1 (ja) * | 2002-06-05 | 2003-12-18 | 扶桑薬品工業株式会社 | アデノウイルスベクター |
AU2003242160B2 (en) * | 2002-06-05 | 2007-08-02 | Fuso Pharmaceutical Industries, Ltd. | Adenovirus vector |
JP2013537426A (ja) * | 2010-08-16 | 2013-10-03 | ソーク インスティテュート フォー バイオロジカル スタディーズ | 抗がんアデノウイルス |
US9187733B2 (en) | 2010-08-16 | 2015-11-17 | Salk Institute For Biological Studies | Anti-cancer adenoviruses |
US11077156B2 (en) | 2013-03-14 | 2021-08-03 | Salk Institute For Biological Studies | Oncolytic adenovirus compositions |
US11130968B2 (en) | 2016-02-23 | 2021-09-28 | Salk Institute For Biological Studies | High throughput assay for measuring adenovirus replication kinetics |
US11401529B2 (en) | 2016-02-23 | 2022-08-02 | Salk Institute For Biological Studies | Exogenous gene expression in recombinant adenovirus for minimal impact on viral kinetics |
US11813337B2 (en) | 2016-12-12 | 2023-11-14 | Salk Institute For Biological Studies | Tumor-targeting synthetic adenoviruses and uses thereof |
WO2022097646A1 (ja) | 2020-11-04 | 2022-05-12 | 株式会社シンプロジェン | 枯草菌におけるウイルスベクタープラスミド生産 |
WO2022097647A1 (ja) | 2020-11-04 | 2022-05-12 | 株式会社シンプロジェン | 統合型プラスミド |
KR20230116801A (ko) | 2020-11-04 | 2023-08-04 | 가부시키가이샤 신프로젠 | 고초균에 있어서의 바이러스 벡터 플라스미드 생산 |
KR20230116802A (ko) | 2020-11-04 | 2023-08-04 | 가부시키가이샤 신프로젠 | 통합형 플라스미드 |
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Publication number | Publication date |
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AU5882801A (en) | 2001-12-03 |
CN1439055A (zh) | 2003-08-27 |
JP4744771B2 (ja) | 2011-08-10 |
KR101250021B1 (ko) | 2013-04-03 |
US7445929B2 (en) | 2008-11-04 |
US20090104691A1 (en) | 2009-04-23 |
EP1284294A1 (en) | 2003-02-19 |
US20040091456A1 (en) | 2004-05-13 |
US20120020924A1 (en) | 2012-01-26 |
CN1293196C (zh) | 2007-01-03 |
KR20080104043A (ko) | 2008-11-28 |
US8591879B2 (en) | 2013-11-26 |
EP1284294A4 (en) | 2004-10-13 |
KR20030072214A (ko) | 2003-09-13 |
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