WO2001079255A1 - A process for the preparation of 7.alpha.-hydroxy 3-aminosubstituted sterols using intermediates with an unprotected 7.alpha.-hydroxy group - Google Patents

A process for the preparation of 7.alpha.-hydroxy 3-aminosubstituted sterols using intermediates with an unprotected 7.alpha.-hydroxy group Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2001079255A1
WO2001079255A1 PCT/US2001/012004 US0112004W WO0179255A1 WO 2001079255 A1 WO2001079255 A1 WO 2001079255A1 US 0112004 W US0112004 W US 0112004W WO 0179255 A1 WO0179255 A1 WO 0179255A1
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Prior art keywords
compound
fused ring
conditions sufficient
reacting
under conditions
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PCT/US2001/012004
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
William A. Kinney
Xuehai Zhang
Ronald Michalak
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Genaera Corp
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Genaera Corp
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Priority to EP01926924A priority Critical patent/EP1274718B1/en
Priority to JP2001576852A priority patent/JP2003531148A/ja
Priority to DK01926924T priority patent/DK1274718T3/da
Priority to CA002406847A priority patent/CA2406847C/en
Priority to AU5342701A priority patent/AU5342701A/xx
Application filed by Genaera Corp filed Critical Genaera Corp
Priority to DE60123939T priority patent/DE60123939T2/de
Priority to AU2001253427A priority patent/AU2001253427B2/en
Publication of WO2001079255A1 publication Critical patent/WO2001079255A1/en
Priority to US10/268,660 priority patent/US6933383B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Priority to US11/083,961 priority patent/US7728157B2/en
Priority to CY20061101829T priority patent/CY1105870T1/el
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07J—STEROIDS
    • C07J9/00—Normal steroids containing carbon, hydrogen, halogen or oxygen substituted in position 17 beta by a chain of more than two carbon atoms, e.g. cholane, cholestane, coprostane
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07J—STEROIDS
    • C07J21/00—Normal steroids containing carbon, hydrogen, halogen or oxygen having an oxygen-containing hetero ring spiro-condensed with the cyclopenta(a)hydrophenanthrene skeleton
    • C07J21/005—Ketals
    • C07J21/006—Ketals at position 3
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07J—STEROIDS
    • C07J31/00—Normal steroids containing one or more sulfur atoms not belonging to a hetero ring
    • C07J31/006—Normal steroids containing one or more sulfur atoms not belonging to a hetero ring not covered by C07J31/003
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07J—STEROIDS
    • C07J41/00—Normal steroids containing one or more nitrogen atoms not belonging to a hetero ring
    • C07J41/0005—Normal steroids containing one or more nitrogen atoms not belonging to a hetero ring the nitrogen atom being directly linked to the cyclopenta(a)hydro phenanthrene skeleton

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a novel method of producing fused ring based compounds or aromatics including aminosterol compounds.
  • a method of the invention offers regioselective oxidation and regioselective sulfonation of fused ring systems with few protecting groups.
  • the aminosterol compounds produced by a method of the invention are useful as, among others, antibiotics, antiangiogenic agents and NHE3 inhibitors.
  • aminosterol compositions have been isolated from the liver of the dogfish shark, Squalus acanthias.
  • One important aminosterol is squalamine (3 ⁇ -(N-[3-aminopropyl]-l,4-butanediamine)-7 ⁇ ,24R-dihydroxy-5 ⁇ -cholestane 24-sulfate), illustrated Fig. 1.
  • the aminosterol squalamine which includes a sulfate group at the C-24 position, is the subject of U.S. Patent No. 5,192,756 which also describes the aminosterol's antibiotic properties.
  • squalamine may function as an antiangiogenic agent useful for the treatment of cancers. See U.S. Patent No. 6,147,060. Additional uses of squalamine such as an agent for inhibiting NHE3 and as an agent for inhibiting endothelial cell growth are disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 5,792,635.
  • compound 1436 previously has been described in U.S. Patent. No. 5,795,885. As further described in this patent, compound 1436 has a variety of interesting properties. For example, compound 1436 inhibits human T-iymphocyte proliferation, as well as the proliferation of a wide variety of other cells and tissues. Additional uses of compound 1436 are disclosed in U.S. Patent 6,143,738. U.S. Patent Nos. 5,795,885 and 5,847,172 also describe the structure of compound 1436 as well as processes for synthesizing and isolating the compound. For example, compound 1436 can be prepared from a squalamine starting material.
  • the 25-ene-24-one intermediate material (producible in four steps) is less readily accessible than the 22- ene-24-one system (producible in one step). Furthermore, the low temperature required for the chiral reduction also detracts from the commercial practicality of this method.
  • the present invention answers such a need by providing a short and regio- and stereoselective method of preparing aminosterol compounds.
  • regio- and stereoselective oxidation and sulfonation can be achieved with fewer protecting groups and consequently fewer steps.
  • the invention also provides a method of regioselectively and stereoselectively oxidizing a primary hydroxyl substituent in the presence of a secondary hydroxyl substituent attached to the same fused ring system.
  • the invention further provides a method of regioselectively sulfonating one secondary hydroxyl substituent over another secondary hydroxyl substituent attached to the same fused ring system.
  • a method of the invention also provides novel intermediate compounds.
  • Fig. 1 illustrates the chemical structure of squalamine
  • Fig. 2 illustrates the chemical structure of compound 1436.
  • This invention uses steroid compound 2 as a starting material for the synthesis of squalamine, 1436 and homologous aminosterols.
  • a method of the invention introduces the 7- ⁇ -hydroxyl group using microbial hydroxylation and proceeds without protection of the 7-hydroxyl group.
  • a general outline of a method of the invention is outlined in Scheme 1 below:
  • steroid 2 may be converted to aminosterol compounds such as, but not limited to, squalamine, compound 1436 and aminosterol homologs by means of two regioselective reactions without the use of protecting groups.
  • aminosterol compounds such as, but not limited to, squalamine, compound 1436 and aminosterol homologs by means of two regioselective reactions without the use of protecting groups.
  • a primary hydroxyl moiety in a fused ring sytem, a primary hydroxyl moiety can be selectively oxidized over a secondary hydroxyl moiety.
  • a C-22 primary hydroxyl moiety can be selectively oxidized over a secondary hydroxyl moiety at the C-7 position.
  • one secondary hydroxyl moiety in a fused ring system, can be selectively sulfonated over another secondary hydroxyl moiety.
  • a C-24 secondary hydroxyl moiety can be selectively sulfonated over a C-7 secondary hydroxyl moiety.
  • relatively high yields e.g. 77%) as well as regioselectivity and stereoselectivity may be achieved.
  • Some C24 selectivity has been shown in the sulfonation reaction on a spermidinyl-steroidal diol. However, this reaction not only required heating and protection of the C7-OH group, but the yield of the compound was low (10%). Moriarty, R.M., et al, Tetrahedron Lett, 35, 8103-8106 (1994).
  • An example of the invention provides a short and regioselective method of preparing an aminosterol compound of the general formula I:
  • NR 1 R 2 may be any saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched amino group. According to the invention, such an amino group may contain more than one nitrogen.
  • formula I :
  • Ri and R 2 are independently selected from the group consisting of: H, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, -(CH 2 ) n -NH-(CH 2 ) m -NH 2 , and -(CH 2 ) n -NH-(CH 2 ) m -NH-(CH 2 )p- NH 2 ; n is an integer from 1-3; m is an integer from 1-4; and p is an integer from 1-2.
  • the compound of formula (I) is squalamine or compound 1436. According to the invention, an aminosterol compound of formula I may be prepared by:
  • each of the compounds produced by a method of the invention may be isolated and purified using techniques known in the art including, but not limited to, extraction and chromatography.
  • Each of the compounds produced by a method of the invention may be characterized using techniques known in the art such as, for example, mass spectrometry, 1H NMR and 13 C NMR.
  • a method according to the invention includes processes for regioselectively oxidizing a C-22-OH group in the presence of a C-7-OH group as well as the regioselective sulfonation of a C-24-OH group in the presence of a C-7-OH group.
  • steps (a)-(i) of a method of the invention “under conditions sufficient” may be any synthetic method that achieves the desired transformation without effecting the stereochemistry of the remainder of the molecule.
  • compoimd 2 may be transformed or converted to compound 3 using reduction methods known in the art.
  • Stepper is achieved using lithium in ammonia with, preferably, yields of at least about 76% .
  • Compound 3 may be transformed or converted to compound 4 by any protecting method known in the art, preferably, by ketalization of the carbonyl moiety. Ketalization may be performed utilizing ethylene glycol in chlorotrimethylsilane in good yield. Chan, T.H., et al, Synthesis, 203-205 (1983).
  • Compound 4 may be transformed or converted to compound 5 by regioselective oxidation of the primary alcohol at the C-22 position, preferably by reaction with bleach in the presence of a catalyst.
  • the bleach may be any bleach, preferably sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl).
  • the catalyst may be any catalyst which in combination with the bleach achieves the regioselective oxidation.
  • the catalyst is a TEMPO catalyst (2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-l-piperidinyloxy free radical, commercially available from Aldrich Chemicals, Milwaukee, WI).
  • conditions are chosen such that yields of about 98% are achieved.
  • Compound 5 may be transformed or converted to compound 7 by a carbon- carbon double bond formation reaction (e.g., Wittig reaction, Wadsworth-Emmons reaction, Peterson olefination reaction).
  • compound 5 is reacted with Wadsworth-Emmons reagent 6 (Jones, S.R., et al, J. Org. Chem., 63, 3786-3789
  • Compound 7 may be transformed or converted to compound 8 by reduction of the C-24 carbonyl moiety in good yield.
  • Compound 8 may be transformed or converted to compound 9 by reduction of the C22 double bond. Preferably, reduction was achieved by means of hydrogenation.
  • Compound 9 may be transformed or converted to compound 10 by deprotection of the C3 carbonyl.
  • Compound 10 may be transformed or converted to compound 11 by regioselective sulfonation of C24 hydroxyl group, preferably, by reacting compound 10 with a very small excess (5%) of sulfur-trioxide complex. Preferably, the diastereomeric excess in the sulfate is about 95% based on the HPLC method.
  • compound 11 may be transformed or converted to the desired aminosterol compound (e.g.
  • squalamine, compound 1436 or homologous compounds by any means whereby a carbonyl moiety may be converted to an amino group including, but not limited to, reductive amination conditions.
  • the invention also provides a method of regioselectively oxidizing a primary hydroxyl substituent in the presence of a secondary hydroxyl substituent attached to the same fused ring base.
  • a fused ring base to which both a primary hydroxyl substituent and a secondary hydroxyl substituent are attached is reacted with bleach in the presence of a catalyst whereby solely the primary hydroxyl substituent is oxidized to an aldehyde.
  • a fused ring base is any compound containing at least two saturated and/or unsaturated ring systems which share at least two carbon atoms.
  • the fused ring base may also contain appropriate substituents (e.g.
  • the fused ring base is a steroid ring system having the following general formula:
  • R is a linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted, saturated or unsaturated alkyl group.
  • the fused ring base has one of the following structures:
  • the bleach and the catalyst are each as described herein.
  • the invention also provides for a method of regioselectively sulfonating one secondary hydroxyl substituent in the presence of another secondary hydroxyl substituent attached to the same fused ring base.
  • the fused ring base is as described above except that the preferred fused ring base has the following structure:
  • a fused ring base to which two secondary hydroxyl substituents are attached is reacted with sulfur-trioxide pyridine complex (commercially available from Aldrich Chemical, Milwaukee, WI):
  • the methods of the invention achieve regioselectivity of one hydroxyl moiety in the presence of another unprotected hydroxyl moiety.
  • the methods of the invention achieve regioselectivity of at least about 9: 1 excess of the desired hydroxylated or sulfonated compound.
  • selectivity of greater than about 19:1 is achieved, and most preferably, greater than about 33:1 selectivity is achieved.
  • the methods of the invention as described above may be used to produce a hydroxylated intermediate that can be further modified, as described above, to produce the desired final product.
  • the methods of the invention produce regiospecific intermediates that can be further modified to synthesize squalamine, compound 1436, other useful aminosterols or steroids having stereospecific groups (e.g., C-24 sulfate groups in an R orientation for, squalamine and compound 1436).
  • Such intermediates include, but are not limited to, compounds 3-10 as illustrated in Scheme 2 above.
  • Example 1 Preparation of (5- ⁇ -, 7- ⁇ -)-3-Ketobisnorcholan-7,22-diol (3). Liquid ammonia (125 mL) was treated with tetrahydrofuran (15 mL) and lithium (3 00 mg, 43 mmol) and stirred for 30 min. Then a solution of 2 (Despreaux, C.W., et al, Appl Environ. Microbiol, 51, 946-949 (1986)) (352 mg, 1.20 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (20 mL) and ethanol (0.4 mL) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred for 40 min and then 20 g of ammonium chloride was added.
  • 2 Despreaux, C.W., et al, Appl Environ. Microbiol, 51, 946-949 (1986)
  • reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo and treated with cyclohexane (1200 mL), toluene (600 mL) and water (160 mL). The organic layer was separated, washed with brine (3 x 100 mL) and water (160 mL), dried over sodium sulfate (30 g), filtered, and evaporated to yield a solid.
  • a dried and nitrogen blanketed reactor was charged with 1 M (R)-MeCBS reagent in toluene (20 mL, 20 mmol) and 1 M borane-tetrahydrofuran complex in tetrahydrofuran (25 mL, 25 mmol) and stirred for 2 h at room temperature.
  • the reaction mixture was cooled (-15 to -28°C), treated with steroid 7 (9.16 g, 20 mmol) of Example 4 in tetrahydrofuran (150 mL), and stirred for 2 hr (-20 to -28 °C).
  • reaction mixture was treated with methanol (25 mL) with stirring for 18 hr at room temperature, and then repeatedly evaporated by distillation and treated with methanol (4 x 30 mL) to exchange solvents. Finally methanol (70 mL) was added and the reaction mixture was brought to reflux, cooled in the freezer (no crystals formed), and concentrated in vacuo.
  • the potassium salt of 11 was collected on Celite (3 g) by filtration, washed with ethyl acetate (50 mL) and water (10 mL), and dissolved in 1 N potassium hydroxide in 15 methanol (lOmL, 10 mmol) and methanol (100 mL). The methanol was removed in vacuo to dryness and the solid was washed with water (30 mL), filtered, and dried in vacuo at room temperature for 20 hr to afford 11 (2.10 g, 77%, MW 536.82, FW 544); 1H and 13 C NMR were identical to published spectra. HPLC analysis by the method described previously (Zhang, X., et al., J. Org. Chem., 63, 8599-8603 (1998)) indicated a diastereomeric excess of 95 %.
  • Example 9 Preparation of Compound 1436 A clear colorless solution of compound 11 (16 mg, 0.032 mmol) and spermine (20 mg, 0.1 mmol, commercially available from Aldrich) in anhydrous methanol (3 ml) was stirred at room temperature under nitrogen for 12 hours, cooled to -78°C, and treated dropwise with sodium borohydride (1 pellet, 0.4 g, 10 mmol) in methanol (10 ml). This reaction mixture was stirred for 3 hours, treated with a mixture of water and methanol (10 ml each), warmed to room temperature, and then treated with 0.78% trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) solution until its pH reached the range of 4 - 5.
  • TFA trifluoroacetic acid
  • the resulting mixture was filtered through a thin pad of Celite®, and the Celite® was washed with methanol and water (100 ml).
  • Celite® is SiO that is commercially available from Aldrich.
  • the combined acidic washes were concentrated in vacuo at room temperature and then freeze-dried overnight to give a white solid.
  • the Celite® cake was then washed with isopropyl amine/methanol/water (140 ml of 1:3:3), and the basic portion was evaporated to reduce its volume. This material was freeze-dried overnight to give a light brown solid.
  • Example 10 Purification of Compound 1436 by HPLC
  • the crude material of Example 9 was dissolved in water (50 ml), cooled in an ice bath, and acidified with 1.5% TFA in water until its pH was 3. Initially, it was observed that one obtains a suspension as the pH drops, and then a solution is obtained at lower pH.
  • This solution was loaded onto a Rainin reverse phase HPLC system (2.14 cm diameter, C18, 100 A, 8 ⁇ m) and eluted with A (water with 0.1% TFA) and B (acetonitrile with 0.1% TFA).
  • the HPLC program was as follows: 10 min (0 - 10% B), 60 min (10-45% B), 10 min (45-80% B), 10 min (80% B).
  • Squalamine was prepared by reacting the potassium salt of compound 11 (0.5 equivalents) of Example 8 with H 2 N(CH 2 ) 3 NH(CH 2 ) 4 N 3 • 2HC1 (1 equivalent) in NaOMe (2 equiv) and methanol at room temperature for 24 hours and then at -78°C with NaBIL followed by treatment with H 2 , RaNi, RP-HPLC, 69% based on the potassium salt of compound 11.
  • H 2 , RaNi, RP-HPLC 69% based on the potassium salt of compound 11.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Steroid Compounds (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
PCT/US2001/012004 2000-04-12 2001-04-12 A process for the preparation of 7.alpha.-hydroxy 3-aminosubstituted sterols using intermediates with an unprotected 7.alpha.-hydroxy group Ceased WO2001079255A1 (en)

Priority Applications (10)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE60123939T DE60123939T2 (de) 2000-04-12 2001-04-12 Ein verfahren zur herstellung von 7.alpha.-hydroxy 3-aminosubstituierten sterol-verbindungen, ohne schutz der 7.alpha.-hydroxy-gruppe
JP2001576852A JP2003531148A (ja) 2000-04-12 2001-04-12 保護されていない７−α−ヒドロキシ基を有する中間体を使用する、７−α−ヒドロキシ３−アミノ置換ステロイドの調製のためのプロセス
DK01926924T DK1274718T3 (da) 2000-04-12 2001-04-12 En fremgangsmåde til forberedelse af 7.alpha.-hydroxy 3-aminosubstituerede steroler vee en ubeskyttet 7.alpha.-hydroxy gruppe
CA002406847A CA2406847C (en) 2000-04-12 2001-04-12 Regioselective and stereoselective oxidation of fused ring systems useful for the preparation of aminosterols
AU5342701A AU5342701A (en) 2000-04-12 2001-04-12 A process for the preparation of 7.alpha.-hydroxy 3-aminosubstituted sterols using intermediates with an unprotected 7.alpha.-hydroxy group
EP01926924A EP1274718B1 (en) 2000-04-12 2001-04-12 A process for the preparation of 7.alpha.-hydroxy 3-aminosubstituted sterols using intermediates with an unprotected 7.alpha.-hydroxy group
AU2001253427A AU2001253427B2 (en) 2000-04-12 2001-04-12 A process for the preparation of 7.alpha.-hydroxy 3-aminosubstituted sterols using intermediates with an unprotected 7.alpha.-hydroxy group
US10/268,660 US6933383B2 (en) 2000-04-12 2002-10-11 Regioselective and stereoselective oxidation of fused ring systems useful for the preparation of aminosterols
US11/083,961 US7728157B2 (en) 2000-04-12 2005-03-21 Regioselective and stereoselective oxidation of fused ring systems useful for the preparation of aminosterols
CY20061101829T CY1105870T1 (el) 2000-04-12 2006-12-20 Μια μεθοδος για την παρασκευη 7 αλφα-υδροξυ 3-αμινοϋποκαθισταμενες στepολες χρησιμοποιωντας ενδιαμεσα με απροστατευτη μια 7.αλφα.-υδροξυ ομαδα

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US19664600P 2000-04-12 2000-04-12
US60/196,646 2000-04-12

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JP (1) JP2003531148A (https=)
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AU (2) AU2001253427B2 (https=)
CA (1) CA2406847C (https=)
CY (1) CY1105870T1 (https=)
DE (1) DE60123939T2 (https=)
DK (1) DK1274718T3 (https=)
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CN109651475A (zh) * 2019-01-20 2019-04-19 湖南科瑞生物制药股份有限公司 一种制备16a-羟基泼尼松龙的新方法
CN109734765A (zh) * 2019-01-20 2019-05-10 湖南科瑞生物制药股份有限公司 一种17a-脱羟醋酸泼尼松龙产品的制备方法
CN109734764A (zh) * 2019-01-20 2019-05-10 湖南科瑞生物制药股份有限公司 一种17a-脱羟醋酸泼尼松龙的制备方法
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