WO2001078936A1 - Vorrichtung zur aluminothermischen verschweissung zweier schienenenden - Google Patents
Vorrichtung zur aluminothermischen verschweissung zweier schienenenden Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2001078936A1 WO2001078936A1 PCT/EP2001/003801 EP0103801W WO0178936A1 WO 2001078936 A1 WO2001078936 A1 WO 2001078936A1 EP 0103801 W EP0103801 W EP 0103801W WO 0178936 A1 WO0178936 A1 WO 0178936A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- casting
- rail
- molten steel
- reaction
- bolt
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K23/00—Alumino-thermic welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
- B23K2101/26—Railway- or like rails
Definitions
- the invention relates to a device according to the preamble of claim 1.
- the aluminothermic welding of two rail ends is considered to be particularly advantageous for practical reasons, in particular with regard to the type of energy required to produce a molten weld metal. Because this is only applied via a chemical reaction.
- the rail ends which are spaced apart from one another, are placed in a casting mold which symmetrically overlaps this welding joint, a reaction crucible being fixed above the casting mold in a special holding device, which is initially closed on the bottom side by a melt insert and into which at the beginning the Weld is filled with an aluminothermic portion of weld.
- This consists of a fine-grained mixture, the essential components of which are aluminum and iron oxide, to which alloying elements may be added in order to provide certain metallurgical properties of the weld metal structure, which are adapted to the properties of the rails to be connected.
- the aluminothermic mixture can be ignited, for example, by means of an ignition stick or another ignition source, whereupon the reaction triggered thereby leads to a reduction in the iron oxide and to the oxidation of the aluminum, in particular to the formation of a steel melt on which the aluminum oxide essentially consists existing slag floats. After the melt and slag have been separated, the melt insert which closes the bottom opening of the crucible is melted, whereupon the steel melt is introduced into the casting mold.
- the intermediate casting area formed by the melt between the rail ends within the casting mold finally solidifies and forms the weld metal structure.
- the quality of the welded connection produced in this way is influenced by numerous factors, the duration and intensity of the preheating of the rail ends, alloy elements contained in the melt, the type of casting process and the type of flow guidance of the melt within the casting mold being mentioned merely by way of example are.
- cooling and solidification conditions should be prevented in which molten areas are surrounded by a solidified structure, since this leads to the formation of cavities, pores and the like.
- turbulent flow conditions within the casting space of the casting mold as well as the formation of splashes should be avoided.
- the temperature of the melt flowing into the casting mold should ideally be such that a sufficient amount of heat is introduced into the casting mold, particularly in those places where strong cooling or low mass accumulation occurs the solidification sets in relatively quickly.
- casting processes which are designed in the manner of an increasing casting.
- the essential feature of this casting process is that the steel melt is introduced into the casting chamber via one or both of the risers extending laterally to the casting chamber, so that the melt entering the casting chamber in the region of the rail foot fills it progressively from bottom to top.
- the process of rising castings is characterized by a relatively uniform, at least turbulent flow guidance within the casting mold - however, due to the comparatively long flow paths, starting from entering a riser up to the area of the rail head, there is significant cooling. For this reason, this casting process generally requires careful preheating, in particular of the rail web and the rail head.
- the object of the invention to provide a device of the type described in the introduction, in which, with the greatest possible avoidance of turbulent flow conditions and the associated harmful effects, a uniform solidification of the intermediate casting structure between the rail ends is achieved.
- This object is achieved in such a device by the features of the characterizing part of claim 1. It is essential to the invention that, in deviation from the prior art set out above, the casting mold and / or the reaction crucible is / are designed with the proviso that a casting process is given which proceeds simultaneously in the manner of an increasing and a decreasing casting. The steel melt present in the reaction crucible thus reaches the upper and lower ends of the casting chamber at the same time.
- the casting process is regularly carried out symmetrically with respect to a longitudinal median plane of the rail ends, and thus via at least two risers on both sides of the rails.
- asymmetrical pouring using only one riser is also possible.
- a reaction crucible known per se which has an outlet opening on the bottom into which a crucible stopper or a comparable closure body, which is intended for at least partial melting, is inserted, through which the action crucible is initially closed.
- the casting mold is provided in a manner known per se with a bar, a component whose purpose is to absorb the kinetic energy of the molten steel penetrating into the casting mold in free fall and to laterally - in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the rail - with respect to one Distribute the median longitudinal plane of the rail ends in the form of two partial flows.
- An embodiment of the casting mold according to the invention can be seen in a flow divider, the purpose of which is to divide each of the two partial streams again, namely in a first portion introduced directly into the top of the casting space and a second portion, initially in the riser and above it in the area of the rail foot on the underside into the casting space.
- the design of such a flow divider can in principle be carried out as desired. It is only essential that there is a preferably quantifiable division of each partial flow into the two parts mentioned.
- the bolt is regularly placed relative to the steel melt striking it in such a way that the steel melt hits it in the middle.
- off-center impact is equally possible.
- the top side of the bar can be particularly advantageously designed with a view to exerting a guiding effect on the molten steel, for example in that, starting from the area of impact of the molten steel, the surfaces of the bar have an inclined course in the direction of the desired outflow.
- claims 6 and 7 are directed to a possible constructive specification of the flow divider.
- the features of claims 7 and 8 are directed to the structural parameters of a flow divider which determine the quantitative ratio of the two portions of the molten steel in accordance with claims 6 and 7. It is assumed here that the partial flow of the molten steel, which is led from the bolt under the influence of gravity, is essentially divided according to an effective area ratio of two cross-sections, namely the inlet cross-sections of the connecting lines to the riser on the one hand and into the casting chamber on the other hand.
- claims 10 to 12 are directed to an alternative embodiment of a mold. It is essential here that the bar itself partially takes on the function of a flow divider insofar as it is regularly set up so that the molten steel is divided into four partial flows, two of which are continued in the longitudinal direction of the rail and two transverse to the longitudinal direction of the rail, in turn continued from each other are.
- the partial flows in the longitudinal direction of the rail are intended for introduction into the upper part of the casting space, whereas the other two partial flows are intended for introduction into the upper ends of two risers placed laterally with respect to the casting space.
- a casting process which is symmetrical with respect to a longitudinal center plane of the rail ends and a transverse center plane of the casting chamber is generally preferred - an asymmetrical solution in which, for example, only a riser is used in the course of the rising casting, is equally possible.
- a recess in the top of the bar which acts as the primary receptacle for the steel melt emerging from the reaction crucible in free fall, can also contribute to the formation of calmed flow conditions within the mold.
- the melt first fills this recess, the Overflow is subsequently divided in the manner of a rising and a falling casting.
- claims 14 and 15 are directed to basic alternatives for the design of the bolt. This is regularly designed as a separate component from the mold and only loosely inserted into it. Removing the bar is advantageous when preheating the mold.
- the bar can also form an integral part of the mold, since preheating can also be carried out via the riser (s). For example, the bar can be divided in the middle, so that one bar half is firmly connected to each of the two mold halves.
- claims 16 and 17 relate to an alternative embodiment of the subject matter of the invention, which differs from the one described above in that a conventional casting mold is now used and the reaction crucible has been adapted to the subject matter of the invention.
- the purpose of this adaptation is to introduce the steel melt formed as a result of the aluminothermic reaction simultaneously into the riser (s) on the one hand and in the upper region of the casting chamber, so that in turn there is a casting process which is carried out simultaneously in the manner of a rising and a falling casting expires. It is essential for this embodiment that all outflow openings of the reaction vessel open at the same time.
- FIG. 1 shows a device according to the invention for welding two rail ends in partial vertical section
- Fig. 2 is an enlarged partial view of an area II of Figure 1 in vertical section.
- Fig. 3 is a view corresponding to a section plane III-III of Fig. 2;
- FIG. 4 is a partial illustration of a view according to a section plane IV-IV of FIG. 3;
- FIG. 5 shows an alternative embodiment of a device according to the invention in partial view in accordance with a vertical sectional plane similar to that of FIG. 1.
- FIG. 1 denotes a reaction crucible, which is received in a holding device (not shown in the drawing) above two rail ends 2 to be connected to one another by intermediate casting welding.
- the rail ends 2 to be connected are spaced apart from one another at the end face while leaving a weld joint 3, the weld joint being located within a casting mold 4 composed of two mold halves.
- the two mold halves of the casting mold which are mirror images of one another, are attached laterally to the rail ends to be connected and extend symmetrically on both sides of the weld joint 3. They are fastened to one another in a manner not shown in the drawing.
- the casting mold 4, which is likewise made in a manner known per se, surrounds a casting space which, perpendicular to the plane of the drawing in FIG. 1, through the end faces of the rail ends 2 to be connected and on the underside and laterally through the walls of the casting mold 4 facing the weld joint 3 is bordered.
- the reaction crucible 1 is held above the casting mold 4 such that its outflow opening 5 is located in a central area above the weld joint 3.
- a cover 6, the purpose of which will be explained in the following, is placed on the upper edge 7 of the reaction container 1 and forms the top end of the device. 8 in the area of the upper boundary 7 are diametrically opposed to one another. overlying handles designated for transporting the reaction crucible 1.
- the profile of the rail ends to be connected is characterized by a rail head 9, a web 10 and a rail foot 11, with the mouth openings in the area of the rail foot 11, namely on its upper lateral extremities 12 are two risers 13, the longitudinal axes of which extend within a plane that runs perpendicular to a longitudinal center plane of the rail ends 2 to be connected, in such a way that the two risers 13 form an approximately V-shaped configuration with respect to the mentioned longitudinal center plane.
- the upper end 14 of the mold 4 and in particular the upper mouth openings of the risers 13 are open.
- the casting mold 4 is first placed in a symmetrical arrangement with respect to the welding joint 3 and the casting space, in particular any gaps between the mold halves on the one hand and the rail ends on the other hand, is sealed, for example, by foundry sand.
- the reaction crucible 1 is then placed above the weld joint 3, using the holding device mentioned at the outset, a fine-grained aluminothermic mixture being located therein, the essential components of which are aluminum on the one hand and iron oxide on the other.
- the outflow opening 5 of the reaction crucible 1 is closed by a crucible stopper (not shown in the drawing) or a melting insert that is comparable with this functionally. It is essential for the melting insert or the crucible stopper that this is a closure body acts, which expose the outlet opening 5 after exposure to heat after a defined period of time.
- the aluminothermic mixture within the reaction bar 1 is subsequently, for example, by means of an ignition stick or another
- Ignition device ignited and initiated the aluminothermic reaction in this way. Immediately after this, the cover 6 is placed on the reaction crucible 1.
- the ensuing aluminothermic reaction leads to a reduction of the iron oxide and finally to the formation of a slag 17 floating on molten steel 16.
- the purpose of the cover 6 in this reaction phase is mainly to uncontrolled discharge of molten material, in particular in the case of a restless reaction To prevent steel. In this respect, it is only a protective device that serves to protect the immediate vicinity of the welding point.
- the discharge opening 5 is released and the closure member located here is designed such that the period of time that elapses until it opens as a result of melting through is sufficient to allow the flow of the to enable aluminothermic reaction including the separation of steel and slag within the reaction crucible 1.
- a bolt is designated by 18, here an approximately cuboidal component, which is of the same material as the casting mold 4 and is located within the casting space mentioned at a distance above the rail head 9 near the upper end 14.
- the bar 18 extends transversely to the longitudinal direction of the rail and symmetrically with respect to a common longitudinal center plane of both rail ends 2.
- the bar 18 is otherwise dimensioned in relation to the passage cross section of the casting space 4 of the casting mold 4 in its central region such that the - as in Fig.
- the vertical end face 23 of the bar 18 in the drawing plane of FIG. 3 opposite wall of the casting chamber is designated, which has a slope towards the underside of the casting mold 4 and its longitudinal center plane.
- the wall 22 is adjoined - seen symmetrically with respect to a vertical longitudinal center plane of the bolt 18 - by convexly curved inlet walls 24 which extend vertically and otherwise essentially adjoin the lateral vertical edges 18 'of the bolt 18.
- the inlet walls 24, the end face 23 and the wall 22 delimit an essentially vertical passage 25 which leads into the casting space. What is essential for this passage 25 is the arrangement of the wall 22 which is inclined towards the longitudinal center plane of the rails, the significance of which will be discussed in the following.
- the recess 26 extends up to an upper free edge 28 in the vicinity of the upper end of the casting mold 4. This is also only to be understood as an example.
- the level 29 of the underside 30 of the recess 26 is located below the level 31 of the top 32 of the latch 18. It is now essential that the height difference of the levels 29, 31 in connection with the cross-sectional dimensioning of the recess 26 and the cross-section of the passage 25 be dimensioned accordingly are that the molten steel hitting the bar 18 in the center according to FIG. 1, which is deflected in half on the right and left sides - as seen in the longitudinal direction of the rail - in accordance with a defined ratio of parts on the one hand via the passage 25 into the casting space in the manner of a falling cast and, on the other hand, via the recess 26 and the riser 13 in the region of the rail foot in the manner of an ascending cast into the casting space.
- the parameters for the structural dimensioning of this division ratio are the geometry of the passage 25, the dimensioning and arrangement of the recess 26, in particular relative to the width of the bolt 18, the cross-sectional areas of the passage 25 and the recess 26, and the spatial arrangement of the passage 25 and the recess 26 relative to the bolt 18 are available.
- melt pool is formed primarily in the rail foot area, on the one hand in a central area, namely via the
- the uniform flow of the melt along the inside of the walls 22 also contributes significantly to the suppression of turbulence, as a result of which a free fall of the melt is avoided and the melt is guided as far as possible into the region of the melt bath initially at the bottom.
- a conventional reaction crucible was used, the casting mold having been modified with a view to providing such a casting process which is designed in the manner of a falling and an increasing casting.
- a conventional casting mold and designing the outflow of the reaction crucible, in particular the bottom area thereof, in such a way that a casting process takes place in connection with certain dimensions of the casting mold after the reaction crucible has been tapped, which process occurs due to the simultaneity of falling and rising casting is characterized.
- drawing figure 5 for this purpose, reference is made to drawing figure 5 below.
- FIG. 5 shows a casting mold 33 which differs from that in accordance with the previous exemplary embodiment in that a recess 26 is absent and consequently the walls 22 of the casting chamber are designed to be closed up to the region of the upper edge 28.
- the risers 13 are designed and arranged in the same way as those of the previous approached embodiment. In this respect, it is a conventional casting mold which, depending on the type of introduction of the melt, is set up for a falling or rising casting, molten steel hitting the middle 34 of the bar 18 and flowing smoothly to both sides.
- reaction crucible 35 designates a reaction crucible, which is designed in the same way as the reaction crucible 1 for carrying out the aluminothermic reaction, but which has undergone a special adaptation to the casting mold 33 on the bottom side.
- This adaptation is used to provide such a casting method, which is applied simultaneously in the manner of a rising and a falling casting as in the above exemplary embodiment.
- the bottom 36 of the reaction plunger 35 has a central outflow opening 37 and two outflow openings 37 ′ on the edge.
- the central outflow opening 37 is assigned a bore, the axis of which extends perpendicular to the plane of the bottom 36 and in particular centrally to the bolt 18, so that a molten steel emerging via the outflow opening 37 would strike the center 34 of the bolt 18.
- the edge-side outflow openings 37 ' are assigned bores, the axes of which extend inwards and are arranged in particular with the proviso that the molten steel emerging from these outflow openings 37' is guided in the direction of the top-side outlet openings 38 of the risers 13.
- crucible plugs, melting inserts or similarly acting closure bodies are inserted into the outflow openings 37, 37 'and are arranged with one another in such a way that the opening times are the same for all closure openings 37, 37'.
- the tapping takes place simultaneously in all outflow openings 37, 37 ', so that the casting mold 33 simultaneously over the bar 18 in the manner of a falling cast and over the risers 13 in accordance with Art of a rising casting, which in turn has the positive effect for the Solidification process, namely the setting of largely calm flow conditions results.
- the arrangement of the outflow openings on the edge shown in FIG. 5, in particular the holes in the base 36 assigned to them, serves only the purpose of improving the guidance of the emerging steel melt in the direction of the orifices 38 of the risers.
- the bores assigned to the outflow openings 37 'on the edge can in particular also extend coaxially with the risers 13 and this is only a question of the areal placement of the outflow openings 37, 37' relative to the orifices 32 of the risers.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Molds, Cores, And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)
- Butt Welding And Welding Of Specific Article (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2001576224A JP2004500986A (ja) | 2000-04-17 | 2001-04-04 | レールの2つの端部をテルミット溶接するための装置 |
AU2001256251A AU2001256251A1 (en) | 2000-04-17 | 2001-04-04 | Device for aluminothermic welding of two ends of a rail |
EP01929498A EP1274533A1 (de) | 2000-04-17 | 2001-04-04 | Vorrichtung zur aluminothermischen verschweissung zweier schienenenden |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE20006983U DE20006983U1 (de) | 2000-04-17 | 2000-04-17 | Vorrichtung zur aluminothermischen Verschweißung zweier Schienenenden |
DE20006983.7 | 2000-04-17 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2001078936A1 true WO2001078936A1 (de) | 2001-10-25 |
Family
ID=7940335
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2001/003801 WO2001078936A1 (de) | 2000-04-17 | 2001-04-04 | Vorrichtung zur aluminothermischen verschweissung zweier schienenenden |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20030116693A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1274533A1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2004500986A (de) |
AU (1) | AU2001256251A1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE20006983U1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2001078936A1 (de) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
RU2559388C2 (ru) * | 2012-12-25 | 2015-08-10 | Закрытое акционерное общество "СНАГА" | Литейная форма для алюминотермитной сварки рельсов |
CN105855694A (zh) * | 2016-06-16 | 2016-08-17 | 江苏国方电力科技有限公司 | 一种放热焊接装置 |
RU192155U1 (ru) * | 2019-03-19 | 2019-09-05 | Ооо "Алтс-Сибирь" | Литейная форма для алюминотермитной сварки рельсов |
Families Citing this family (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2913358B1 (fr) * | 2007-03-06 | 2009-05-08 | Railtech Internat Sa | Dispositif d'allumage d'une composition aluminothermique, creuset l'incorporant et procedes associes. |
US20120055979A1 (en) * | 2009-04-29 | 2012-03-08 | Fady Ameer Alghusain | Weld material ignition |
CN102699522A (zh) * | 2011-01-17 | 2012-10-03 | 江阴东大新材料研究院 | 便携式铝热焊焊轴器的焊轴方法 |
US10583522B2 (en) | 2016-06-03 | 2020-03-10 | Hubbell Incorporated | Tools for use in confined spaces |
WO2019095098A1 (zh) * | 2017-11-14 | 2019-05-23 | 四川桑莱特智能电气设备股份有限公司 | 放热焊接设备及放热焊接方法 |
US10464164B2 (en) * | 2017-11-17 | 2019-11-05 | Orgo-Thermit Inc. | Rail welding crucible and cap with an oxygen/propane gas rail-preheating burner ignited reaction starter mix |
CN109822210B (zh) * | 2019-03-22 | 2024-02-13 | 施密特钢轨技术(昆山)有限公司 | 一种铝热焊接安全点火装置及点火方法 |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19637283A1 (de) * | 1996-09-13 | 1998-03-26 | Elektro Thermit Gmbh | Verfahren zum aluminothermischen Zwischengußschweißen von Schienen mit Auflegierung des Stahlgusses im Schienenkopfbereich |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR1592360A (de) * | 1968-11-19 | 1970-05-11 | ||
DE2825139C2 (de) * | 1978-06-08 | 1986-10-30 | Elektro-Thermit Gmbh, 4300 Essen | Verfahren zur Durchführung aluminothermischer Schienenverbindungsschweißungen sowie mehrteilige Gießform zur Durchführung des Verfahrens |
US4605053A (en) * | 1980-09-22 | 1986-08-12 | Orgo-Thermit Inc. | Art of mold welding |
AU1151600A (en) * | 1998-10-06 | 2000-04-26 | Rolf Plotz | Method for aluminothermic joint welding of two rails separated by a gap and casting mold for implementing said method |
-
2000
- 2000-04-17 DE DE20006983U patent/DE20006983U1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2001
- 2001-04-04 AU AU2001256251A patent/AU2001256251A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-04-04 EP EP01929498A patent/EP1274533A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2001-04-04 WO PCT/EP2001/003801 patent/WO2001078936A1/de not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2001-04-04 JP JP2001576224A patent/JP2004500986A/ja active Pending
- 2001-04-04 US US10/257,882 patent/US20030116693A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19637283A1 (de) * | 1996-09-13 | 1998-03-26 | Elektro Thermit Gmbh | Verfahren zum aluminothermischen Zwischengußschweißen von Schienen mit Auflegierung des Stahlgusses im Schienenkopfbereich |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
RU2559388C2 (ru) * | 2012-12-25 | 2015-08-10 | Закрытое акционерное общество "СНАГА" | Литейная форма для алюминотермитной сварки рельсов |
CN105855694A (zh) * | 2016-06-16 | 2016-08-17 | 江苏国方电力科技有限公司 | 一种放热焊接装置 |
RU192155U1 (ru) * | 2019-03-19 | 2019-09-05 | Ооо "Алтс-Сибирь" | Литейная форма для алюминотермитной сварки рельсов |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU2001256251A1 (en) | 2001-10-30 |
DE20006983U1 (de) | 2001-06-07 |
EP1274533A1 (de) | 2003-01-15 |
JP2004500986A (ja) | 2004-01-15 |
US20030116693A1 (en) | 2003-06-26 |
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