WO2001077265A1 - Combustible pour systeme de cellule a combustible - Google Patents
Combustible pour systeme de cellule a combustible Download PDFInfo
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- WO2001077265A1 WO2001077265A1 PCT/JP2001/003094 JP0103094W WO0177265A1 WO 2001077265 A1 WO2001077265 A1 WO 2001077265A1 JP 0103094 W JP0103094 W JP 0103094W WO 0177265 A1 WO0177265 A1 WO 0177265A1
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- fuel
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- fuel cell
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/02—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a fuel used for a fuel cell system.
- hydrogen is advantageous in that it does not require a special reformer, but because it is a gas at room temperature, it has problems with storage and mounting on vehicles, etc. Special equipment power S is required. Also, there is a high risk of bow I fire, so care must be taken when handling.
- methanol is advantageous in that it can be easily converted to hydrogen, but its power generation per weight is small and it is toxic and requires careful handling. In addition, since it is corrosive, special equipment is required for storage and supply. As described above, no fuel has yet been developed to achieve the full potential of the fuel cell system. In particular, as the fuel for a fuel cell system, it is often the power generation amount per weight, it generation amount of C 0 2 emissions per often fuel force 5 'good of the whole fuel cell system, evaporative emission (Ebapoe Mission) Power S Low, reforming catalyst, water gas shift reaction catalyst, carbon monoxide removal catalyst, fuel cell stack, etc.
- Ebapoe Mission evaporative emission
- a fuel cell system it is necessary to maintain the fuel and reformer at a predetermined temperature, so the power generation
- the amount of power generated by subtracting the required amount of heat is the power generation of the entire fuel cell system. Therefore, the temperature required for reforming the fuel, the power required for reforming the fuel S, the amount of preheating S is smaller and more advantageous, and the starting time of the system is more advantageous, and the weight required for preheating the fuel
- the calorific power of the ⁇ is also necessary.
- THC unreacted hydrocarbons
- an object of the present invention is to provide a fuel suitable for a fuel cell system satisfying the above-mentioned required properties in a well-balanced manner. Disclosure of the invention
- the present inventors have conducted intensive studies to solve the above-mentioned problems, and as a result, have found that a fuel containing a specific amount of an oxygen-containing compound is suitable for a fuel cell system. That is, the fuel for a fuel cell system according to the first invention is
- the total content of hydrocarbon compounds is 20% by volume or more based on the total amount of hydrocarbon oil, and the total content of hydrocarbon compounds having 10 or more carbon atoms is based on the total amount of hydrocarbon oil. Less than 20% by volume.
- Hydrocarbon oil is contained in an amount of 5% by volume or more based on the total amount of fuel, and oxygen-containing compounds are contained in an amount of 0.5 to 20% by mass in terms of oxygen element based on the total amount of fuel.
- the point is above 40 ° C and below 100, the 10% by volume distillation temperature is above 50 ° C and below 120 ° C, the 90% by volume distillation temperature is above 110 ° C and below 180 ° C, the distillation end point is 130 ° A fuel for fuel cell systems that has a distillation property of not less than C and not more than 210 ° C.
- the fuel for a fuel cell system containing a specific amount of the oxygen-containing compound more preferably satisfies the following additional requirements.
- the sulfur content is 50 mass ppm or less based on the total amount of fuel.
- the saturated content is 30% by volume or more based on the total amount of hydrocarbon oil.
- Orefin component The content is 35% by volume or less based on the total amount of hydrogenated S coal. 6) The aromatic content is 50% by volume or less based on the total amount of hydrocarbon oil.
- the paraffin content in the saturated content is 60% by volume or more.
- the proportion of branched paraffin in the paraffin content is 30% by volume or more.
- Latent heat of evaporation is less than 400 KJ / kg.
- Reed vapor pressure is 1 OkPa or more and less than 1 OOkPa.
- the oxidation stability is 240 minutes or more.
- FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a steam reforming fuel cell system used for evaluating fuel for a fuel cell system according to the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a flowchart of a partial oxidation fuel cell system used for evaluating fuel for a fuel cell system of the present invention.
- the content of the hydrocarbon oil is required to be 5% by volume or more on the basis of the total amount of fuel because the amount of power generation per weight and the amount of power generation per amount of CO 2 generated are large.
- the oxygen-containing compound contained in a specific amount means alcohols having 2 to 4 carbon atoms, ethers having 2 to 8 carbon atoms, and the like. Specifically, for example, methanol, ethanol, dimethyl ether, methyl methyl tertiary butyl ether (MT BE), ethyl tertiary butyl ether, tertiary amyl methyl ether (T AM E), One Sharley Amyl Ethyl Ether etc.
- the content of these oxygenated compounds is calculated as elemental oxygen based on the total amount of fuel because the fuel efficiency of the entire fuel cell system is good, the THC amount in the exhaust gas is small, and the system startup time is short. in must be at 0.5 wt% or more, further when you consider the balance between power generation and C 0 2 generation amount per power generation amount per weight, is 2 0 wt% or less force ⁇ , 3% by mass or less is most preferable.
- the total content of hydrocarbon compounds having 7 and 8 carbon atoms is a hydrocarbon having 7 and 8 carbon atoms based on the total amount of hydrocarbon oil.
- the total content of the compound it is often the power generation amount per weight, C 0 that power generation amount per 2 generation amount is large, it overall fuel consumption of the fuel cell system is good, it forces at 2 0% by volume or more It is necessary that the force be at least 25% by volume, preferably at least 30% by volume, more preferably at least 30% by volume, even more preferably at least 40% by volume. Being the power s most preferred.
- the content of the hydrocarbon compound having 10 or more carbon atoms is such that a large amount of power is generated per amount of CO 2 generated, that the fuel efficiency of the fuel cell system as a whole is good, and that the reforming catalyst etc. the deterioration of can last reduced initial resistance capability for a long time, the total amount of Sumyi ⁇ Motoyu whole amount of 1 0 or more hydrocarbon compounds carbon based (V (C 1 0 +) ) 2 0% by volume or less It is preferable that the force be 10% by volume or less, and more preferably 5% by volume or less.
- the content of the hydrocarbon compound having 4 carbon atoms is not limited, but the content of the hydrocarbon compound having 4 carbon atoms based on the total amount of the hydrocarbon oil (V (C 4 ) ) Can reduce the amount of evaporative gas (evaporation) to a low level, and has good handling characteristics such as flash point. And more preferably 5% by volume or less.
- the content of the hydrocarbon compounds having 5 carbon atoms is not limited, the content of hydrocarbon compounds having a carbon number of 5 relative to the total amount of hydrocarbon oil (V (C 5)), the amount of power generated per C0 2 generation amount Therefore, the content of the preferably used hydrocarbon compound having 6 carbon atoms is not limited, but the content of the hydrocarbon compound having 6 carbon atoms based on the total amount of the hydrocarbon oil is not limited.
- a column of methyl silicon capillary ram is used for the column, helium or nitrogen is used for the carrier gas, and a hydrogen ionization detector (FID) is used for the detector.
- the power ram length is 25 to 50 m, and the carrier gas flow rate is 0.5— 1.5 ml / min, split ratio 1: 50-1: 250, inlet temperature 150-250 ° C, initial column temperature-10-10 ° C, final column temperature 150-250. C, values measured at detector temperature of 150 to 250 ° C.
- the distillation properties are as follows.
- the initial distillation point (initial distillation point 0) is required to be higher than ⁇ 40 ° C and not higher than 100 ° C, preferably 50 ° C or higher, more preferably 60 ° C or higher.
- 10 volume% distillation temperature (T 10) is required force that is a T j of below 120 ° C over a 50 ° C s, preferably at least 60 ° C. 90% by volume distillation temperature ( ⁇ 90 ) force 10 ° C or more and 180 ° C or less is necessary, preferably 170 ° C or less, more preferably 160 ° C or less.
- a distillation end point of 130 ° C. or higher and 210 ° C. or lower requires a force s, preferably 190 ° C. or lower, and more preferably 170 ° C. or lower.
- T 9. 90 volume% distillation temperature
- the upper limit of the distillation end point is larger power generation amount per weight, C0 power generation per 2 generation amount is large, a good fuel economy of the entire fuel cell system ,
- the amount of THC in the exhaust gas is small, the starting time of the system is short S, the deterioration of the reforming catalyst is small, and the initial capacity S can be maintained.
- 30 vol% distillation temperature of the fuel of the present invention (TSQ), 50 volume% distillation temperature (T BO), but not any restriction on a 70 vol% distillation temperature (T 70), 30 volume% distillation out temperature (T 3.) is preferably not more than 80 ° C above 140 ° C, 50 volume% distillation temperature (T so) is less force s preferably 120 ° C 70 ° C or more, 70 vol% distillation temperature (T 70 ) is preferably from 90 ° C to 150 ° C.
- distillation initial boiling point (initial boiling point 0), 10 volume% distillation temperature (.), 30 volume% distillation temperature (T 3 ), 50 volume% distillation temperature (Tso), 70 volume % distillation temperature ( ⁇ ), 90 volume% distillation temperature (T 9.), distillation end point is a distillation characteristics measured by JISK 2254 "petroleum products first distillation test method".
- the sulfur content of the fuel of the present invention 3j (quality catalyst, water gas shift reaction catalyst, carbon monoxide removal catalyst, fuel cell stack, etc. From the viewpoint of being able to last for a long time, it is preferable that the amount is 50 mass ppm or less, more preferably 30 mass ppm or less, even more preferably 10 mass ppm or less, based on the total amount of fuel. Even more preferably, it is less than 0.1 ppm, most preferably less than 0.1 mass ppm.
- the sulfur content when the sulfur content is 1 mass ppm or more, it means the sulfur content measured according to JISK 2541 "Sulfur content test method for crude oil and petroleum products", and when it is less than 1 mass ppm, ASTM D4045-96 It means the sulfur content measured by "Standard Test Method for Sul fur in Petroleum Products by Hydrogenolysis and Rateometric Colorimetry".
- the content of each of the saturated component, the olefin component and the aromatic component is not limited, but the saturated component (V (S)) is 30% by volume based on the total amount of the hydrocarbon oil. As described above, it is preferable that the olefin component (V (0)) is 35% by volume or less and the aromatic component (V (Ar)) is 50% by volume or less.
- the saturated component (V (S)) is 30% by volume based on the total amount of the hydrocarbon oil.
- the olefin component (V (0)) is 35% by volume or less and the aromatic component (V (Ar)) is 50% by volume or less.
- V (S) is often power generation amount per weight, it generation per C0 2 generation amount is large, it overall fuel consumption of the fuel cell system is good, it THC in the exhaust gas is not small, the system start the like time force shorter, it forces s preferably 30 vol% or more, more preferably 40 volume% or more, even more preferably 50 volume% or more, it is 60 volume% or more Even more preferably, it is even more preferably 70% by volume or more, still more preferably 80% by volume or more, even more preferably 90% by volume or more, and 95% by volume. More than force s most preferred.
- V (0) is often power generation amount per weight, it generation per C0 2 generation amount is large, the deterioration of the reforming catalyst can last small initial performance for a long time, the storage stability and be good
- the force be 5% or less, more preferably 25% by volume or less, still more preferably 20% by volume or less, and more preferably 15% by volume or less, based on the total amount of the hydrocarbon oil. It is even more preferred that it be less than 10% by volume.
- V (Ar) is often power generation amount per weight, C0 power generation per 2 generation amount large, Ikoto, good fuel economy force of the entire fuel cell system, it THC in the exhaust gas is small, the system Since the starting time of the catalyst is long, the deterioration of the reforming catalyst is small, and the initial performance can be maintained for 3 hours
- the capacity is preferably 50% by volume or less, more preferably 45% by volume or less, and 40% by volume or less.
- the content is more preferably at most 35% by volume, still more preferably at most 35% by volume, still more preferably at most 30% by volume, even more preferably at most 20% by volume, It is even more preferable that the volume is 10% by volume or less, and the force s is most preferably 5% by volume or less.
- V (S), V (0) and V (Ar) are all JISK 2536 It is a value measured by the fluorescent indicator adsorption method in “Petroleum products-Test methods for hydrocarbon types”.
- the ratio of the paraffin content in the fuel saturation is not limited at all.
- the amount of power generation Is preferably 60% by volume or more, more preferably 65% by volume or more, even more preferably 70% by volume or more. , More preferably 80% by volume or more, even more preferably 85% by volume or more, even more preferably 90% by volume or more, and more preferably 95% by volume or more. Is most preferred.
- the above-mentioned saturated content and paraffin content are values determined by the above-described gas chromatography method.
- the proportion of branched paraffins in the paraffinic fraction Iga power generation amount per weight is large, that the power generation amount of C 0 2 emissions per many, of the entire fuel cell system Fuel efficiency; ⁇ It is preferable that the proportion of branched paraffin in the paraffin content is 30% by volume or more, and 50 volumes, because of good fuel efficiency, low THC power in exhaust gas, and short system startup time. %, More preferably 70% by volume or more.
- the above-mentioned paraffin content and the amount of branched paraffin are values determined by the above-mentioned gas chromatography method.
- the heat capacity of the fuel is not limited at all. However, since the fuel efficiency of the fuel cell system as a whole is good, the heat capacity of a liquid at 1 atm and 15 ° C is 2.6 kJ. / kg ° C or less force s preferred.
- the latent heat of vaporization of the fuel is not limited at all, but the latent heat of vaporization is preferably 400 KJZkg or less in view of good fuel efficiency of the whole fuel cell system.
- the fuel vapor pressure (RVP) is not limited at all, but from the viewpoint of power generation per weight, it is preferably 1 OkPa or more, and the handleability of bow I fire point etc. is good. However, since the amount of evaporative gas (evaporation) can be kept low, a force of less than 100 kPa is preferable. 1 OkPa or more and less than 80 kPa are more preferable, and 1 OkPa or more and less than 60 kPa are even more preferable.
- the lead vapor pressure (RVP) means the vapor pressure (lead vapor pressure (RVP)) measured by JIS K 2258 “Crude oil and fuel oil vapor pressure test method (Reed method)”.
- the octane number (RON) of the fuel there is no limit on the research octane number (RON) of the fuel, but the power generation per weight is large, the fuel efficiency of the fuel cell system as a whole is good, and the THC power in the exhaust gas is small, The starting time of the system is short s, etc., and the deterioration of the reforming catalyst is small and the initial capacity can be maintained for a long time.
- the octane number (RON) of the research method is JISK 2280 It means the octane number of the research method measured by "Octane number and cetane number test method".
- the oxidation stability of the fuel is not limited, but is preferably 240 minutes or more from the viewpoint of storage stability.
- the oxidation stability is the oxidation stability measured by JIS 2287 “Gasoline oxidation stability test method (induction period method)”.
- the density of the fuel is not limited at all, but the power generation per weight is large, the fuel efficiency of the fuel cell system as a whole is good, the ⁇ HC power in the exhaust gas is small, and 0.1 TSg / cm 3 or less is preferable from the viewpoint that the reforming catalyst has a small deterioration and the initial capacity s can be maintained for a long time because the starting time power is short s .
- the density means the density measured by JISK 2249 “Density test method for crude oil and petroleum products and density / mass / volume conversion table”.
- the method for producing the fuel of the present invention is produced by mixing one or more oxygen-containing compounds with a hydrocarbon oil.
- hydrocarbon oils examples include light naphtha obtained by atmospheric distillation of crude oil, crude oil Naphtha obtained by atmospheric distillation, desulfurized light naphtha obtained by desulfurizing light naphtha, desulfurized heavy naphtha obtained by desulfurizing heavy naphtha, and isomerized gasoline obtained by converting light naphtha to isoparaffin using an isomerizer.
- a base material for producing the fuel of the present invention are desulfurized hydrocarbons such as light naphtha, desulfurized light naphtha, isomerized gasoline, desulfurized alkylate obtained by desulfurizing an alkylate, and desulfurized isobutane.
- desulfurized hydrocarbons such as light naphtha, desulfurized light naphtha, isomerized gasoline, desulfurized alkylate obtained by desulfurizing an alkylate, and desulfurized isobutane.
- Low sulfur alkylates by low-grade olefins desulfurized light cracked gasoline obtained by desulfurizing the light fraction of cracked gasoline, light fraction of GTL, and desulfurized LPG obtained by desulfurizing LPG.
- the fuel for the fuel cell system of the present invention includes a colorant for identification, an antioxidant for improving oxidative stability, a metal deactivator, a corrosion inhibitor for corrosion prevention, and cleanliness of the fuel line.
- Additives such as a detergent for maintaining the lubrication and a lubricity improver for improving the lubricity can be added.
- the colorant is preferably 1 Oppm or less, more preferably 5 ppm or less, since the initial force ability s ′ can be maintained for a long time since the deterioration of the reforming catalyst is small and the deterioration of the reforming catalyst is small.
- the antioxidant is preferably at most 300 ppm, more preferably at most 200 ppm.
- the metal deactivator is preferably 50 ppm or less, more preferably 30 ppm or less, still more preferably 1 Oppm or less, and most preferably 5 ppm or less.
- the corrosion inhibitor is preferably 5 Oppm or less, more preferably 3 Oppm or less, even more preferably 1 Oppm or less, and most preferably 5 ppm or less.
- the detergent preferably has a power of 300 ppm or less, more preferably 200 pm or less, and even more preferably 1 ppm or less.
- the lubricity improver is preferably 300 ppm or less, more preferably 20 ppm or less, and more preferably 100 ppm or less.
- the fuel of the present invention is used as a fuel for a fuel cell system.
- the fuel cell system referred to in the present invention includes a fuel reformer, a carbon monoxide purifier, a fuel cell, and the like, including the power s , and the fuel of the present invention is suitably used in any fuel cell system.
- the fuel reformer is for reforming the fuel to obtain hydrogen, which is the fuel of the fuel cell.
- a reformer specifically, for example,
- a partially oxidized reformer that mixes heated and vaporized fuel with air and reacts with or without a catalyst such as copper, nickel, platinum, ruthenium, etc. to obtain a product containing hydrogen as a main component.
- the heated and vaporized fuel is mixed with steam and air, and the partial oxidation reforming of (2) is performed in the former stage of the catalyst layer such as copper, nickel, platinum, and ruthenium, and the partial oxidation reaction is performed in the latter stage
- the steam reforming of (1) is performed by utilizing the heat generation of the steam to form a partial oxygen-steam reforming reformer that obtains a product containing hydrogen as a main component.
- the carbon oxide purifier removes carbon monoxide, which is contained in the gas generated by the above reformer and is a catalyst poison for the fuel cell.
- a selective oxidation reactor that converts carbon monoxide into carbon dioxide by mixing the reformed gas with compressed air and reacting it in a catalyst such as platinum or ruthenium is mentioned. used.
- Specific fuel cells include, for example, polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFC), phosphoric acid fuel cells (PAFC), molten carbonate fuel cells (MCFC), solid oxide fuel cells (S0FC).
- PEFC polymer electrolyte fuel cells
- PAFC phosphoric acid fuel cells
- MCFC molten carbonate fuel cells
- S0FC solid oxide fuel cells
- the fuel cell system as described above is used for electric vehicles, hybrid vehicles of conventional engines and electricity, portable power sources, distributed power sources, home power sources, cogeneration systems, and the like.
- Table 1 shows the properties and the like of the base materials used for each fuel in the examples and comparative examples.
- Table 2 shows the properties of each fuel used in Examples and Comparative Examples.
- RVP kPa 66.9 19.5 29.9 58.5 Lisa-thiooctane number 63.4 53.2 56.9 95.6
- Oxidation stability min > 1440 > 1440>1440> 1440 Density g / cm3 0J085 0.7331 0.6821 0.6955 Heat value kJ / kg 44225 43940 44585 44488 Table 1 (continued)
- the fuel and water were vaporized by electric heating and led to a reformer filled with a noble metal catalyst and maintained at a specified temperature with an electric heater to generate reformed gas rich in hydrogen.
- the temperature of the reformer was set to the lowest temperature at which reforming was performed completely at the initial stage of the test (the lowest temperature at which the THC power S was not included in the three quality gases).
- the reformed gas is led to a carbon monoxide treatment device (water gas shift reaction) together with water vapor to convert carbon monoxide in the reformed gas into carbon dioxide, and the generated gas is guided to a polymer electrolyte fuel cell to generate electricity.
- a carbon monoxide treatment device water gas shift reaction
- Figure 1 shows the flow chart of the steam reforming type fuel cell system used for the evaluation.
- the fuel was vaporized by electric heating, filled with a precious metal catalyst together with preheated air, and led to a reformer maintained at 110 ° C by an electric heater to generate a hydrogen-rich reformed gas.
- the reformed gas is led to a carbon monoxide treatment device (water gas shift reaction) together with water vapor to convert carbon monoxide in the reformed gas into carbon dioxide, and the generated gas is guided to a polymer electrolyte fuel cell to generate electricity.
- a carbon monoxide treatment device water gas shift reaction
- Fig. 2 shows the flowchart of the partial oxidation fuel cell system used for the evaluation.
- Evaluation H 2 CO in the reformed gas generated from the reformer immediately after the start of the test, were measured for C 0 2, THC amount. Also, the H 2, CO, fuel cells C 0 2, immediately after the THC amount measurement ivy evaluation test start and the start 1 0 0 hour after the reformed gas generated from the carbon monoxide processor immediately after the start of the evaluation test We measured the amount of power generated, the amount of fuel consumed, and the amount of CO 2 emitted from the fuel cell. The amount of heat (preheat amount) required to guide each fuel to a predetermined reformer temperature was calculated from the heat capacity and latent heat of vaporization.
- a sample filling hose was attached to the filler port of a 20-litre gasoline carrying can, and the attachment part was completely sealed.
- the fuel was filled with 5 l of fuel while the can bleed valve was open. After filling, the air vent valve was closed and left for 30 minutes.
- an activated carbon adsorption device was attached to the tip of the air release valve, and the valve was opened. Immediately, 10 liters of each fuel were supplied from the filler port. Five minutes after refueling, leaving the air release valve open, the activated carbon was allowed to absorb steam, and then the weight increase of the activated carbon was measured. The test was performed at a constant temperature of 25 ° C.
- Each fuel was filled in a pressure-resistant sealed container together with oxygen, heated to 100 ° C., allowed to stand for 24 hours while maintaining the temperature, and evaluated by the real gum test method specified in JIS K2261.
- Table 3 shows the measured values and calculated values.
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- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
- Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/240,744 US7141084B2 (en) | 2000-04-10 | 2001-04-10 | Fuel for fuel cell system |
JP2001575119A JP4598895B2 (ja) | 2000-04-10 | 2001-04-10 | 燃料電池システム用燃料 |
AU46888/01A AU4688801A (en) | 2000-04-10 | 2001-04-10 | Fuel for fuel cell system |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2000108463 | 2000-04-10 | ||
JP2000-108463 | 2000-04-10 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2001077265A1 true WO2001077265A1 (fr) | 2001-10-18 |
Family
ID=18621295
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2001/003094 WO2001077265A1 (fr) | 2000-04-10 | 2001-04-10 | Combustible pour systeme de cellule a combustible |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7141084B2 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4598895B2 (ja) |
AU (1) | AU4688801A (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2001077265A1 (ja) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN106715660A (zh) * | 2014-10-06 | 2017-05-24 | 国际壳牌研究有限公司 | 具有低蒸汽压的燃料组合物 |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JP5393372B2 (ja) * | 2008-09-25 | 2014-01-22 | 昭和シェル石油株式会社 | パラフィン主体の燃料電池システム用炭化水素燃料油 |
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GB9623934D0 (en) * | 1996-11-18 | 1997-01-08 | Bp Oil Int | Fuel composition |
US6132479A (en) * | 1998-05-04 | 2000-10-17 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Low emission, non-oxygenated fuel composition |
JP4646345B2 (ja) * | 1999-12-27 | 2011-03-09 | Jx日鉱日石エネルギー株式会社 | 燃料油添加剤及び該添加剤を含有してなる燃料油組成物 |
JP4598898B2 (ja) * | 2000-04-10 | 2010-12-15 | Jx日鉱日石エネルギー株式会社 | 燃料電池システム用燃料 |
-
2001
- 2001-04-10 AU AU46888/01A patent/AU4688801A/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-04-10 US US10/240,744 patent/US7141084B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-04-10 WO PCT/JP2001/003094 patent/WO2001077265A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2001-04-10 JP JP2001575119A patent/JP4598895B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
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JPS50126005A (ja) * | 1974-03-25 | 1975-10-03 | ||
US4410333A (en) * | 1981-03-31 | 1983-10-18 | Daishin Sangyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Stable and homogeneous fuel composition for internal combustion engine and process for preparing the same |
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US5284717A (en) * | 1989-12-27 | 1994-02-08 | Petroleum Energy Center | Method for producing raw materials for a reformer by cracking and desulfurizing petroleum fuels |
JPH0570780A (ja) * | 1991-09-12 | 1993-03-23 | Sekiyu Sangyo Kasseika Center | 中軽質油の深度脱硫方法 |
JPH05140568A (ja) * | 1991-11-22 | 1993-06-08 | Yoshihiko Sasao | 低公害燃料組成物 |
JPH07188678A (ja) * | 1993-12-27 | 1995-07-25 | Tonen Corp | ガソリン組成物 |
JPH08311463A (ja) * | 1995-05-23 | 1996-11-26 | Cosmo Sogo Kenkyusho:Kk | 燃料油組成物 |
JPH0971788A (ja) * | 1995-09-07 | 1997-03-18 | Cosmo Sogo Kenkyusho:Kk | 無鉛高性能ガソリン |
JPH11311136A (ja) * | 1998-04-28 | 1999-11-09 | Hitachi Ltd | ハイブリッド自動車およびその駆動装置 |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN106715660A (zh) * | 2014-10-06 | 2017-05-24 | 国际壳牌研究有限公司 | 具有低蒸汽压的燃料组合物 |
CN106715660B (zh) * | 2014-10-06 | 2019-06-18 | 国际壳牌研究有限公司 | 具有低蒸汽压的燃料组合物 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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JP4598895B2 (ja) | 2010-12-15 |
JPWO2001077265A1 (ja) | 2004-01-15 |
US20030158454A1 (en) | 2003-08-21 |
AU4688801A (en) | 2001-10-23 |
US7141084B2 (en) | 2006-11-28 |
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