WO2001074103A1 - Procede de recherche initiale cellulaire dans un systeme de communication mobile numerique a acces multiple par repartition de code (amrc) - Google Patents
Procede de recherche initiale cellulaire dans un systeme de communication mobile numerique a acces multiple par repartition de code (amrc) Download PDFInfo
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- WO2001074103A1 WO2001074103A1 PCT/CN2001/000018 CN0100018W WO0174103A1 WO 2001074103 A1 WO2001074103 A1 WO 2001074103A1 CN 0100018 W CN0100018 W CN 0100018W WO 0174103 A1 WO0174103 A1 WO 0174103A1
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- multiple access
- mobile communication
- communication system
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- power
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 112
- 238000012549 training Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000010295 mobile communication Methods 0.000 claims description 40
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 10
- 230000001413 cellular effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
- H04W52/04—TPC
- H04W52/30—TPC using constraints in the total amount of available transmission power
- H04W52/32—TPC of broadcast or control channels
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
- H04B1/69—Spread spectrum techniques
- H04B1/707—Spread spectrum techniques using direct sequence modulation
- H04B1/7073—Synchronisation aspects
- H04B1/7075—Synchronisation aspects with code phase acquisition
- H04B1/70758—Multimode search, i.e. using multiple search strategies
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
- H04B1/69—Spread spectrum techniques
- H04B1/707—Spread spectrum techniques using direct sequence modulation
- H04B1/7073—Synchronisation aspects
- H04B1/7075—Synchronisation aspects with code phase acquisition
- H04B1/7077—Multi-step acquisition, e.g. multi-dwell, coarse-fine or validation
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
- H04B1/69—Spread spectrum techniques
- H04B1/707—Spread spectrum techniques using direct sequence modulation
- H04B1/7073—Synchronisation aspects
- H04B1/7083—Cell search, e.g. using a three-step approach
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W56/00—Synchronisation arrangements
- H04W56/001—Synchronization between nodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
- H04W52/04—TPC
- H04W52/38—TPC being performed in particular situations
- H04W52/50—TPC being performed in particular situations at the moment of starting communication in a multiple access environment
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W56/00—Synchronisation arrangements
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a mobile communication technology, and more particularly, to a method for initial cell search of a terminal device (UE) in a code division multiple access (CDMA) digital cellular mobile communication system including a training (pilot) sequence.
- UE terminal device
- CDMA code division multiple access
- the first thing to be performed is an initial cell search.
- the purpose of the initial cell search is to select a suitable operating frequency and obtain downlink synchronization between the terminal device and the base station at this frequency point. In this way, the terminal device can correctly receive the information sent by the base station.
- the terminal equipment needs to be completed through the initial search of the cell: the working frequency point is locked; the downlink frequency synchronization with the base station is obtained at the locked working frequency point; the steps and procedures to correct the carrier frequency difference, and then the terminal The device can correctly receive the base station information.
- downlink synchronization is generally performed through a pilot channel.
- the traditional method for implementing downlink synchronization is: first, lock on a working frequency, and then correlate the entire frame of received data with a preset pilot sequence (training sequence), and continuously slide the correlation position until the correlation peak is greater than When a preset threshold is set, it indicates that the downlink synchronization is completed at the operating frequency. Step, the position where the correlation peak appears represents the receiving position of the terminal device.
- Correlation operations are performed in any code division multiple access cellular mobile communication system to complete synchronization.
- the limitations of the traditional correlation operation methods are as follows: Correlation is based on the entire frame of data with each chip (chip) or even a fraction of a chip. The order of chips is based on sliding, so the amount of calculation is very large, it takes a long time to calculate, and the related operations are performed on the entire frame of data, and the probability of misjudgment is increased, especially in time division duplex codes.
- TDD-CDMA division multiple access communication system
- when another terminal device B happens to be in the vicinity of the terminal device A the power of the terminal device B received by the terminal device A will be stronger than that of the terminal device A due to the distance.
- the resulting base station signal power which results in that the position of the correlation peak that is misjudged after the related operation is not the actual receiving position of the terminal device, and incorrect downlink synchronization information is generated.
- Correcting the carrier frequency difference is generally performed in a digital demodulator (in general, the existence of a certain carrier deviation will not affect downlink synchronization, but will affect the demodulated information).
- the traditional method is to use an analog phase-locked loop circuit.
- the advantage is that the technology is mature, the disadvantage is that it is difficult to balance performance and capture bandwidth, it is sensitive to carrier jitter, and the hardware circuit is too complicated.
- the purpose of the present invention is to design a cell initial search method for a CDMA digital mobile communication system, and to improve the traditional cell initial search method, that is, to propose a method for solving downlink synchronization and carrier deviation correction in the cell initial search.
- the terminal device can quickly and accurately complete downlink synchronization with the base station and achieve a good carrier deviation correction effect.
- a method for initial cell search of a code division multiple access digital mobile communication system for a terminal device to correctly receive base station information which is characterized in that the terminal device selects an operating frequency and Obtaining downlink synchronization with a base station at a frequency includes:
- the method based on the training sequence power feature window value includes:
- the terminal device When receiving, the terminal device first searches for the power characteristic window value of the downlink pilot sequence time slot (DwPTS), and after finding the position range of the synchronization symbol, performs related operations only near the position.
- DwPTS downlink pilot sequence time slot
- the searching for a power characteristic window value of a downlink pilot sequence time slot (DwPTS) to find a position range of a synchronization symbol includes: a terminal device first locking a working frequency point, and then receiving a complete frame of data; calculating a downlink pilot Power of each synchronization symbol in a sequence slot (DwPTS); Calculate the power characteristic window value at the position of each synchronization symbol; Calculate the average power characteristic window value of the entire frame of data; Find the power at all synchronization symbol positions of the entire frame of received data
- the position of the value is the starting position of the downlink pilot sequence time slot (DwPTS); correlation is performed near the starting position to obtain an accurate starting point for receiving, and the downlink is the same.
- the calculation of the power of each synchronization symbol is based on the assumption that the receiving time is the starting point of a synchronization symbol, and adding all chips belonging to this symbol according to the power to obtain the power of each synchronization symbol.
- the calculation of the power characteristic window value at the position of each synchronization symbol is to slide the symbol level on the entire frame of received data, and calculate the power characteristic window value R at each position according to the following formula at each position (i), where i represents the actual receiving position, P (k) represents the power value of each symbol, N and M are parameters of the feature window,
- the calculation of the power characteristic window value at the position of each synchronization symbol is based on the power of each chip. Rate, slide on the chip level, and calculate the power feature window at each position.
- a method for initial cell search in a CDMA digital mobile communication system which is used by a terminal device to correctly receive base station information, and is characterized in that the terminal device tracks Carrier deviation, and correcting the carrier deviation with the base station in the digital demodulator includes:
- Carrier deviation correction method based on joint detection is used to eliminate multipath and multiple access interference and correct the carrier deviation to the range required for baseband demodulation.
- estimating carrier deviation by software and adjusting hardware by decision feedback include: using a pure software method to estimate a carrier frequency difference of each frame of data; calculating a hardware adjustment value; and adjusting the calculated adjustment value.
- Automatic frequency control hardware in a digital demodulator In the method for carrier deviation correction based on joint detection, estimating carrier deviation by software and adjusting hardware by decision feedback include: using a pure software method to estimate a carrier frequency difference of each frame of data; calculating a hardware adjustment value; and adjusting the calculated adjustment value.
- the pure software method is used to estimate the frequency difference of each frame of data, and the specific formula is:
- I and Q are orthogonal demodulated signals
- L is the statistical length
- the calculation hardware adjustment value that is, the calculation of the carrier frequency difference adjustment value, uses the following formula:
- fe (n) is an estimated frequency difference value for the n-th frame of received data
- the adjustment coefficient coef k ranges from 0 to 1.
- the use of joint detection-based technology to eliminate multipath and multiple access interference and correct carrier deviation to the range required for baseband demodulation includes: adding a training sequence midamble in a data burst to each frame, for Estimate the actual channel response; the terminal equipment uses joint detection technology to eliminate multipath and multiple access interference, and demodulates the symbols near the midamble of the training sequence (midamble); uses the carrier frequency difference information contained in these symbols to perform automatic frequency control on the hardware Adjustment.
- the described joint detection technology is used to eliminate multipath and multiple access interference, and demodulate the training sequence intermediate code
- a method for initial cell search in a code division multiple access digital mobile communication system includes: selecting a working frequency point by a terminal device, and obtaining the downlink frequency with the base station at the frequency point Synchronization;
- the terminal equipment tracks the deviation of the plant wave from the base station, and corrects the carrier deviation from the base station in the digital demodulator, which is characterized by:
- the obtaining and the downlink synchronization of the base station include:
- the correcting the carrier deviation from the base station in the digital demodulator includes:
- Carrier deviation correction method based on joint detection is used to eliminate multipath and multiple access interference and correct the carrier deviation to the range required for baseband demodulation.
- the method based on the training sequence power feature window value includes:
- the terminal device When receiving, the terminal device first searches for a power characteristic window value of a downlink pilot sequence time slot (DwPTS). When the position range of the synchronization symbol is found, only relevant operations are performed near the position.
- DwPTS downlink pilot sequence time slot
- the method for initializing a cell in a CDMA mobile communication system is also a method for downlink synchronization in a CDMA mobile communication system.
- the method is to implement the initial cell search lock in the mobile communication system.
- a working frequency point, a method for obtaining downlink synchronization with the base station, and a method for recovering a carrier frequency difference between the base station and the terminal is also a method for downlink synchronization in a CDMA mobile communication system.
- the method for locking the operating frequency and obtaining downlink synchronization with the base station is to first determine the approximate range of the training sequence by using a method based on the training sequence power feature window value, and then obtain the accuracy by finding the correlation between the received data and the training sequence within this range
- the method for recovering the carrier frequency difference between the base station and the terminal is a carrier deviation correction method based on a joint detection technology.
- the method of the present invention is mainly a cell search method for a mobile communication system with a training sequence.
- Figure 1 is a block diagram of the initial cell search process.
- Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the required frame structure when using the power characteristic window method.
- FIG. 3 is a flowchart of a method for implementing a power characteristic window.
- Figure 4 is a block flow diagram of the steps of correcting the initial large frequency error to a smaller range in the carrier frequency error correction method.
- Fig. 5 is a flow chart of steps in a carrier frequency offset correction method for correcting a frequency offset to a range required for baseband demodulation.
- FIG. 1 shows a TD-SCDMA system (time division-synchronous code division multiple access system) as an example to illustrate the initial search of the entire cell from the initial search of the cell to the end of the initial search of the cell in the cellular mobile communication system.
- Step 1 is to find the approximate position range of the downlink pilot sequence time slot (DwPTS) by using the power characteristic window method of the present invention, and determine the working frequency point;
- step 2 within the position range determined in step 1, a conventional receiving method is used to search for an accurate receiving position, so as to obtain downlink synchronization.
- Step 3 is to start the carrier deviation correction method based on joint detection (JD) of the present invention. Carry out carrier frequency difference recovery; in step 4, the information in the broadcast channel (BCCH) can be monitored.
- JD joint detection
- the figure shows the frame structure required when the power characteristic window method is used to implement the fast and accurate downlink synchronization of the present invention.
- the present invention defines two training sequences in the frame structure of the TD-SCDMA system: independent downlink pilot sequence time slots (DwPTS) 5 and data bursts TD0 ... TDn, TU0 ... Midcodes in ⁇ They all have different roles in the initial search process of the cell.
- the pilot sequence time slot (DwPTS) 5 shown in the figure occupies an independent time slot, including N GP (protection, GUARD) symbols, M SYNC (synchronization) symbols, and N GP (protection, GUARD) symbols.
- the SYNC (synchronization) symbol is a code selected from a group of orthogonal codes. This code can be found by correlating methods, but it must be operated on the entire frame of data and this group of orthogonal codes. Great.
- the base station is allowed to increase the transmission power of the SYNC (synchronization) symbol in the pilot sequence time slot (DwPTS) 5, but there is no transmission power on the GP (protection) symbol, so that it is received by the terminal device.
- DwPTS pilot sequence time slot
- DwPTS downlink pilot sequence time slot
- the figure shows a process of searching the approximate position range of a downlink pilot sequence time slot (DwPTS) by using the power characteristic window method of the present invention.
- DwPTS downlink pilot sequence time slot
- Step 6 The terminal device first locks a working frequency point, which should be a possible frequency of the mobile communication system. Point, and then receive a complete frame of data (such as 5ms + Ams); Step 7, calculate the power P of each symbol (SYMBOL), that is, first assume that the receiving time is the starting point of a symbol, all chips belonging to this symbol ( (CHIP) Add the power according to the power to get the power of each symbol.
- SYMBOL the power P of each symbol
- CHIP chips belonging to this symbol
- the purpose of the power characteristic window method is to obtain the approximate position range of the synchronization symbol (SYNC). Therefore, it will not have a great impact on the final result.
- Ri is the power characteristic window value at each position
- i is the actual receiving position
- P (k) is the power value of each symbol
- M and N are parameters of the characteristic window shape, i + Nl i + 2N + M- ⁇ i + N + M- ⁇
- Step 9 Calculate the average feature window ratio of the entire frame of data Raver; Raver ⁇ R (i), where R (i) is the feature window value at each receiving position, and Q represents the number of receiving positions contained in the entire frame of data. number.
- DwPTS downlink sequence time slot
- the method for implementing carrier deviation correction is performed in two large steps, which are respectively shown by the flowcharts of FIG. 4 and FIG. 5.
- the implementation of the first large step in the correction of the wave frequency difference is introduced in FIG. 4.
- the frequency difference is estimated by software, and a decision feedback adjustment hardware mechanism is introduced to restore the frequency difference from the initial large value to one.
- a smaller range For example, when the accuracy of the crystal used is 3 ppm and the operating frequency band is about 2G, the initial value can be considered to be about 6KHz.
- the implementation process of the second major step in carrier frequency error correction is introduced by FIG. 5, which mainly includes the method based on joint detection technology. When multipath and multiple access interference are eliminated, this smaller frequency error range is reduced. (For example, around IK ⁇ ) Correction is within the required range of baseband demodulation, and more accurate frequency difference information can be obtained to guide hardware adjustment.
- FIG. 4 it is a continuous adjustment process from the start of recovering the carrier frequency offset (difference) to the use of the intermediate code (Midamb le) to achieve higher frequency accuracy.
- the software uses the method of estimating the frequency difference, and adds judgment feedback to the hardware for automatic frequency control (UFC) to correct the frequency difference from the initial large value to a relatively small range.
- UFC automatic frequency control
- Step 12 Use formula (2) to estimate the frequency difference of each frame of data using a pure software method.
- the specific formula is as follows:
- cc represents the estimated frequency difference
- I and Q are orthogonal demodulated signals
- L is the statistical length
- Step 13 Use the formula (3) to calculate the carrier frequency difference adjustment value, that is, calculate the hardware adjustment value.
- fe (n) is an estimated frequency difference value a for the n-th frame of received data, that is, a, and the adjustment coefficient coef k ranges from 0 to 1.
- the selection principle is that k is larger, then coef k is smaller.
- a frame of received data can be divided into kl, k2, ..., kn segments in sequence.
- AFC hardware automatic frequency control
- the data of each frame may not be fully fed back, but a multi-frame feedback method may be adopted.
- the feedback is reflected in the mutual adjustment of software and hardware, that is, the frequency difference is first calculated by software, then the hardware adjustment is guided, and the software estimates the frequency deviation after the hardware adjustment. This process is repeated continuously until the preset number of times is reached.
- the figure shows a process of using a midamble to achieve higher frequency accuracy.
- Yes ⁇ Use the method based on joint detection to correct the small frequency difference to a range that can be tolerated by baseband demodulation.
- Joint detection (JD) technology is used in the TD-SCDMA system, and a training sequence (Midamble) is added to each frame, which can be used to estimate the actual channel response.
- the terminal can use the joint detection technology to eliminate multipath and multiple access interference, and demodulate data symbols (Data Symbol) near the midamble of the training sequence, and use the frequency difference information contained in these symbols to guide the hardware to perform automatic frequency Control (AFC) adjustment.
- Specific steps are as follows:
- Step 15 Receive m-frame data
- Step 16 The joint detection technology is used to demodulate the received m-frame data, that is, the symbols (Data Symbol) near the midamble of the training sequence are demodulated to obtain P symbols before and after the midamble of the training sequence. (Symbol), denoted as X (l) ... X (P) and Y (l) ... ⁇ ( ⁇ ), respectively.
- Step 17 Use formula (4) to calculate the direction of the frequency offset for each P symbols (Symbol) before and after the midamble of the training sequence in the m-frame data.
- Step 18 according to the direction of the calculated frequency difference, set the adjustment step size (STEP Hz) of the hardware automatic frequency control (A F C);
- Step 19 Adjust the hardware AFC according to the direction of the frequency difference obtained in Step 17 by the certain step (STEP Hz).
- the method of the present invention can be applied to a code division multiple access (C DMA) mobile communication system, and is used in a cell initial search method with a training sequence system.
- C DMA code division multiple access
- carrier deviation estimation can be performed by the carrier detection correction method based on the joint detection of the present invention. Under the environmental conditions of a space wireless channel, the method can achieve good results. Alas.
- the downlink synchronization method and the carrier deviation correction method of the present invention are designed for a TD-SCDMA system based on the China Wireless Communication Standards Group (CWTS) and which has become one of the international IMT-2000 wireless transmission technologies (RTT). However, it can be used in other digital cellular mobile communication systems with appropriate modifications.
- CWTS China Wireless Communication Standards Group
- RTT international IMT-2000 wireless transmission technologies
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (9)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT01900378T ATE548807T1 (de) | 2000-03-27 | 2001-01-12 | Verfahren zur zellen-anfangssuche in einem digitalen cdma-mobiltelekommunikationssystem |
AU2500401A AU2500401A (en) | 2000-03-27 | 2001-01-12 | Method of cell initial search in cdma digital mobile telecommunication system |
MXPA02009561A MXPA02009561A (es) | 2000-03-27 | 2001-01-12 | Metodo para busqueda inicial de celda en un sistema de comunicacion movil de acceso multiple por division de codigo. |
EP01900378A EP1330136B1 (en) | 2000-03-27 | 2001-01-12 | Method of cell initial search in cdma digital mobile telecommunication system |
BRPI0109610-9A BRPI0109610B1 (pt) | 2000-03-27 | 2001-01-12 | Processo para pesquisa inicial de célula em um sistema de comunicação móvel cdma |
CA 2403929 CA2403929C (en) | 2000-03-27 | 2001-01-12 | Method for cell initial search in cdma mobile communication system |
JP2001571693A JP4530603B2 (ja) | 2000-03-27 | 2001-01-12 | Cdmaデジタル移動通信システムにおけるセル初期探索方法 |
AU2001225004A AU2001225004B2 (en) | 2000-03-27 | 2001-01-12 | Method of cell initial search in cdma digital mobile telecommunication system |
US10/255,334 US6778588B2 (en) | 2000-03-27 | 2002-09-25 | Method for cell initial search in a CDMA mobile communication system |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN00103548A CN1131653C (zh) | 2000-03-27 | 2000-03-27 | 一种码分多址数字移动通信系统的小区初始搜索方法 |
CN00103548.7 | 2000-03-27 |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US10/255,334 Continuation US6778588B2 (en) | 2000-03-27 | 2002-09-25 | Method for cell initial search in a CDMA mobile communication system |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2001074103A1 true WO2001074103A1 (fr) | 2001-10-04 |
WO2001074103A8 WO2001074103A8 (fr) | 2003-05-15 |
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/CN2001/000018 WO2001074103A1 (fr) | 2000-03-27 | 2001-01-12 | Procede de recherche initiale cellulaire dans un systeme de communication mobile numerique a acces multiple par repartition de code (amrc) |
Country Status (13)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6778588B2 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP1330136B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP4530603B2 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR100564826B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1131653C (zh) |
AT (1) | ATE548807T1 (zh) |
AU (2) | AU2001225004B2 (zh) |
BR (1) | BRPI0109610B1 (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2403929C (zh) |
MX (1) | MXPA02009561A (zh) |
RU (1) | RU2274954C2 (zh) |
TW (1) | TW508967B (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2001074103A1 (zh) |
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KR100524730B1 (ko) * | 2002-11-02 | 2005-10-31 | 엘지전자 주식회사 | 이동 통신 시스템의 초기 동기 검색 방법 |
CN100362892C (zh) * | 2004-07-01 | 2008-01-16 | 凯明信息科技股份有限公司 | 时分同步码分多址系统中的初始小区搜索方法和装置 |
US7672277B2 (en) | 2003-08-04 | 2010-03-02 | Datang Mobile Communications Co. Ltd. | Method and device for estimating carrier frequency offset of subscriber terminal |
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BR0109610A (pt) | 2003-06-17 |
CA2403929A1 (en) | 2002-09-24 |
AU2001225004B2 (en) | 2005-03-17 |
KR20020092401A (ko) | 2002-12-11 |
CA2403929C (en) | 2008-09-23 |
US6778588B2 (en) | 2004-08-17 |
AU2500401A (en) | 2001-10-08 |
RU2274954C2 (ru) | 2006-04-20 |
WO2001074103A8 (fr) | 2003-05-15 |
EP1330136B1 (en) | 2012-03-07 |
US20030031238A1 (en) | 2003-02-13 |
MXPA02009561A (es) | 2004-07-30 |
EP1330136A4 (en) | 2009-11-04 |
JP4530603B2 (ja) | 2010-08-25 |
CN1315808A (zh) | 2001-10-03 |
TW508967B (en) | 2002-11-01 |
EP1330136A1 (en) | 2003-07-23 |
RU2002128747A (ru) | 2004-03-10 |
JP2003529302A (ja) | 2003-09-30 |
CN1131653C (zh) | 2003-12-17 |
ATE548807T1 (de) | 2012-03-15 |
KR100564826B1 (ko) | 2006-03-30 |
BRPI0109610B1 (pt) | 2015-08-18 |
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